72 Alum / Official Monographs USP 24

color. Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary cor-

rection. Each mL of 0.05 M Edetate disodium titrant is equivalent
to 11.86 mg of AINH.(SO.)2'
Potassium Alum
AIK(SO.)212Hp 474.39
Sulfuric acid, aluminum potassium salt (2: 1: 1), dodecahydrate.
Aluminum potassium sulfate (I : 1: 2)dodecahydrate
[7784-24-9].
Anhydrous 258.21 [10043-67-1].
)) Potassium Alum contains not less than 99.0 percent
and not more than 100.5 percent of AIK(S04)2' calcu-
lated on the dried basis.
Packaging and storage--Preserve in well-closed containers.
Identification-
A: Add 1 N sodium hydroxide dropwise to a solution of it (l
in 20): a precipitate is formed which dissolves in an excess of the
reagent. Ammonia is not evolved (distinction from Ammonium
Alum).
B: Hold it in a nonluminous flame: a violet color is imparted
to the flame.
C: Add 10 mL of sodium bitartrate TS to 5 mL of a saturated
solution of it: a white, crystalline precipitate is formed within 30
minutes.
D: A solution (l in 20) responds to the tests for Aluminum
(191) and for Sulfate (191).
Loss on drying (731)-Transfer 2.0 g, in a tared porcelain crucible,
to a muffle furnace at 200. Increase the temperature to 400, and
dry at 400 to constant weight. Cool in a desiccator, and weigh: it
loses between 43.0% and 46.0% of its weight.
Heavy metals, Method I (23 I)-Dissolve 1 g in water to make 20
mL, and add 5 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Evaporate the so-
lution in a porcelain evaporating dish to dryness. Treat the residue
with 20 mL of water, and add 50 mg of hydroxylamine hydrochlo-
ride. Heat the solution on a steam bath for 10 minutes, cool, dilute
with water to 25 mL, and proceed as directed, except to add 50 mg
of hydroxylamine hydrochloride to the Standard Preparation: the
limit is 0.002%.
Iron-Add 5 drops of potassium ferrocyanide TS to 20 mL of a
solution (I in 150): no blue color is produced immediately.
Assay-
Edetate disodium titrant-Prepare and standardize as directed in
the Assay under Ammonium Alum.
Procedure-Transfer about 800 mg of Potassium Alum, accu-
rately weighed, to a 400-mL beaker, moisten with 1 mL of glacial
acetic acid, and add 50 mL of water, 50.0 mL of Edetate disodium
titrant, and 20 mL of acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer TS.
Warm on a steam bath until solution is complete, and boil gently
for 5 minutes. Cool, add 50 mL of alcohol and 2 mL of dithizone
TS, and titrate 0.05 M zinc sulfate VS to a bright rose-pink color.
Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction.
Each mL of 0.05 M Edetate disodium titrant is equivalent to 12.91
mg of AIK(SO.)2'
Alumina and Magnesia Oral Suspension
)) Alumina and Magnesia Oral Suspension is a mixture
containing aluminum hydroxide [Al(OHU and Mag-
nesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)2].It contains the equiv-
alent of not less than 90.0 percent and not more than
110.0 percent of the labeled amounts of aluminum hy-
droxide [Al(OH)3l and magnesium hydroxide [Mg-
(OH)2]. It may contain a flavoring agent, and may con-
tain suitable antimicrobial agents.
Packaging and storage--Preserve in tight containers, and avoid
freezing.
Labeling-Qral Suspension may be labeled to state the aluminum
hydroxide content in terms of the equivalent amount of dried alu-
minum hydroxide gel, on the basis that each mg of dried gel is
equivalent to 0.765 mg of AI(OH)3'
Identification-
A: To a solution of 5 g in 10 mL of 3 N hydrochloric acid add
5 drops of methyl red TS, heat to boiling, add 6 N ammonium
hydroxide until the color of the solution changes to deep yellow,
then continue boiling for 2 minutes, and filter: the filtrate responds
to the tests for Magnesium (191).
B: Wash the precipitate obtained in Identification test A with
hot ammonium chloride solution (I in 50), and dissolve the precip-
itate in hydrochloric acid: the solution responds to the tests for
Aluminum (191).
Microbial limits (61)-Its total aerobic microbial count does not
exceed 100 per mL, and it meets the requirements of the test for
absence of Escherichia coli.
Acid-neutralizing capacity (301)-The acid consumed by the min-
imum single dose recommended in the labeling is not less than 5
mEq, and not less than the number of mEq calculated by the
formula:
0.55(0.0385A) + 0.8(0.0343M),
in which 0.0385 and 0.0343 are the theoretical acid-neutralizing
capacities, in mEq, of AI(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2' respectively, and A
and M are the quantities, in mg, of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 in the
specimen tested, based on the labeled quantities.
pH (791): between 7.3 and 8.5.
Chloride (221)-Dissolve 5.0 g in the minimum volume of nitric
acid required to achieve complete solution, add 1 mL of acid in
excess, then add water to make 100 mL, and filter: a lO-mL portion
of the filtrate shows no more chloride than corresponds to 1.0 mL
of 0.020 N hydrochloric acid (0.14%).
Sulfate (221)-Dissolve 5.0 g in 5 mL of 3 N hydrochloric acid,
with gentle heating. Cool, add water to make 250 mL, mix, and
filter: a 20-mL portion of the filtrate shows no more sulfate than
corresponds to 0.40 mL of 0.020 N sulfuric acid (0.1%).
Other requirements-It meets the requirements of the tests for
Arsenic and Heavy metals under Aluminum Hydroxide Gel.
Assay for aluminum hydroxide--
Edetate disodium titrant-Prepare and standardize as directed in
the Assay under Ammonium Alum.
Assay preparation-Transfer an accurately measured quantity of
Oral Suspension, previously well shaken in its original container,
equivalent to about 1200 mg of aluminum hydroxide, to a suitable
beaker. Add 20 mL of water, stir, and slowly add 10 mL of hy-
drochloric acid. Heat gently, if necessary, to aid solution, cool, and
filter into a 200-mL volumetric flask. Wash the filter with water
into the flask, add water to volume, and mix.
Procedure-Pipet 10 mL of Assay preparation into a 250-mL
beaker, add 20 mL of water, then add, in the order named and with
continuous stirring, 25.0 mL of Edetate disodium titrant and 20 mL
of acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer TS, and heat near the boil-
ing point for 5 minutes. Cool, add 50 mL of alcohol and 2 mL of
dithizone TS, and mix. Titrate with 0.05 M zinc sulfate VS until
the color changes from green-violet to rose-pink. Perform a blank
determination, substituting 10 mL of water for the Assay prepara-
tion, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.05 M Ed-
etate disodium titrant consumed is equivalent to 3.900 mg of
AI(OH\.
Assay for magnesium hydroxide-
Assay preparation-Prepare as directed in the Assay for alumi-
num hydroxide.
Procedure-Pipet a volume of Assay preparation, equivalent to
about 40 mg of magnesium hydroxide, into a 400-mL beaker, add
200 mL of water and 20 mL of triethanolamine, and stir. Add 10
USP 24 Official Monographs / Alumina 73
mL of ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer TS and 3 drops of an
eriochrome black indicator solution prepared by dissolving 200 mg
of eriochrome black T in a mixture of IS mL of triethanolamine
and 5 mL of dehydrated alcohol, and mix. Cool the solution to
between 3
0
and 4
0
by immersion of the beaker in an ice bath, then
remove, and titrate with 0.05 M edetate disodium VS to a blue
endpoint. Perform a blank determination, substituting 10 mL of
water for the Assay preparation, alld make any necessary correc-
tion. Each mL of 0.05 M edetate disodium consumed is equivalent
to 2.916 mg of Mg(OH)c'
Alumina and Magnesia Tablets
Alumina and Magnesia Tablets contain not less than
90.0 percent and not more than 110.0 percent of the
labeled amounts of aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3J and
magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2J.
Packaging and storage-Preserve in well-closed containers.
Labeling-Tablets prepared with the use of Dried Aluminum Hy-
droxide Gel may be labeled to state the aluminum hydroxide con-
tent in terms of the equivalent amount of dried aluminum hydroxide
gel, on the basis that eaclLmg of dried gel is equivalent to 0.765
mg of Al(OH),.
Identification-
A: To a 0.7-g portion of finely powdered Tablets add 10 mL
of 3 N hydrochloric acid and 5 drops of methyl red TS, heat to
boiling, and add 6 N ammonium hydroxide until the color of the
solution changes to deep yellow. Continue boiling for 2 minutes,
and filter: the filtrate responds to the tests for Magnesium (191).
B: Wash the precipitate obtained in Identification test A with a
hot solution of ammonium chloride (I in 50), and dissolve the pre-
cipitate in hydrochloric acid: the solution responds to the tests for
Aluminum (191).
Disintegration (701): 10 minutes, simulated gastric fluid TS being
substituted for water in the test.
Uniformity of dosage units (90S): meet the requirements for
Weight Variation with respect to alumina and to magnesia.
Acid-neutralizing capacity (301)-The acid consumed by the min-
imum single dose recommended in the labeling is not less than 5
mEq, and not less than the number of mEq calculated by the
formula:
0.55(0.0385A) + 0.8(0.0343M),
in which 0.0385 and 0.0343 are the theoretical acid-neutralizing
capacities, in mEq, of Al(OH), and Mg(OHh, respectively, and A
and M are the quantities, in mg, of AI(OH), and Mg(OHh in the
specimen tested, based on the labeled quantities.
Assay for aluminum hydroxide-
Edetate disodium titrant-Prepare and standardize as directed in
the Assay under Ammonium Alum.
Assay preparation-Weigh and finely powder not less than 20
Tablets. Transfer an accurately weighed portion of the powder,
equivalent to about 1200 mg of aluminum hydroxide, to a 150-mL
beaker, add 20 mL of water, stir, and slowly add 30 mL of 3 N
hydrochloric acid. Proceed as directed for Assay preparation in the
Assay for alwninwn hydroxide under Alumina and Magnesia Oral
Suspension, beginning with "Heat gently, if necessary."
Procedure-Proceed as directed for Procedure in the Assay for
alwninwn hydroxide under Alumina and Magnesia Oral Suspen-
sion. Each mL of 0.05 M Edetate disodiwn titrant is equivalent to
3.900 mg of Al(OH),.
Assay for magnesium hydroxide-
Assay preparation-Prepare as directed in the Assay for alumi-
num hydroxide.
Procedure-Proceed as directed for Procedure in the Assayfor mag-
nesium hydroxide under Alwnilw and Magnesia Oral Suspension.
Alumina, Magnesia, and Calcium
Carbonate Oral Suspension
Alumina, Magnesia, and Calcium Carbonate Oral
Suspension contains not less than 90.0 percent and not
more than 110.0 percent of the labeled amounts of alu-
minum hydroxide [AI(OH)3], magnesium hydroxide
[Mg(OH)2], and calcium carbonate (CaC0
3
).
Packaging and storage-Preserve in tight containers, and avoid
freezing.
Labeling-Oral Suspension may be labeled to state the aluminum
hydroxide content in terms of the equivalent amount of dried alu-
minum hydroxide gel, on the basis that each mg of dried gel is
equivalent to 0.765 mg of Al(OH),.
Identification-
A: To 5 g of Oral Suspension add 25 mL of 2 N sulfuric acid,
stir, and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Add 25 mL of alcohol, stir,
and place in an ice bath for 30 minutes. Filter while cold, retaining
the filtrate for Identification test B. Wash the precipitate with 50
mL of 0.75 N sulfuric acid, and discard the washings: the precip-
itate so obtained, dissolved in 3 N hydrochloric acid and filtered,
responds to the tests for Calcium (191).
B: To the filtrate obtained in Identification test A add 5 drops
of methyl red TS, and heat to boiling. Add 6 N ammonium hy-
droxide until the color of the solution changes to deep yellow, con-
tinue boiling for 2 minutes, and filter through hardened filter paper.
(Retain the filtrate for Identification test C.) Wash the precipitate
with 350 mL of a hot ammonium chloride solution (I in 50), dis-
carding the washings: the precipitate so obtained, dissolved in 3 N
hydrochloric acid, responds to the tests for Aluminum (191).
C: The filtrate obtained in Identification test B responds to the
tests for Magnesium (191).
Microbial limits (61 )-Its total aerobic microbial count does not
exceed 100 per mL, and it meets the requirements of the test for
absence of Escherichia coli.
Acid-neutralizing capacity (301)-Not less than 5 mEq of acid is
consumed by the minimum single dose recommended in the label-
ing, and not less than the number of mEq calculated by the formula:
0.55(0.0385A) + 0.8(0.0343M) + 0.9(0.02C),
in which 0.0385, 0.0343, and 0.02 are the theoretical acid-neutral-
izing capacities, in mEq, of Al(OH)" Mg(OH)" and CaCO" re-
spectively, and A, M, and C are the respective quantities, in mg, of
Al(OH)" Mg(OH)2' and CaCO, in the specimen tested, based on
the labeled quantities.
pH (791): between 7.5 and 8.5.
Chloride (221)-Dissolve 5.0 g in 3 mL of nitric acid, add water
to make 100 mL, and filter: a 10.0-mL portion of the filtrate shows
no more chloride than corresponds to 1.0 mL of 0.020 N hydro-
chloric acid (0.14%).
Sulfate (221 )-Dissolve 5.0 g in 7 mL of 3 N hydrochloric acid.
with gentle heating. Cool, add water to make 250 mL, mix. and
filter: a 20.0-mL portion of the filtrate shows no more sulfate than
corresponds to 0.40 mL of 0.020 N sulfuric acid (0.1 %).
Other requirements-It meets the requirements of the tests for
Arsenic and Heavy metals under Aluminum Hydroxide Gel.
Assay for aluminum hydroxide-
Edetate disodium titrant-Prepare and standardize as directed in
the Assay under Ammonium Alum.
Assay'preparation-Transfer an amount of Oral Suspension, pre-
viously shaken in its original container, equivalent to about 600 mg
of aluminum hydroxide, to a tared beaker, and weigh accurately.
Add 20 mL of water, stir, and slowly add 40 mL of 3 N hydro-
chloric acid. Heat gently, if necessary, to aid solution, cool, and
transfer to a 200-mL volumetric flask. Wash the beaker with water,
adding the washings to the flask, add water to volume, and mix.
Procedure-Pipet 10 mL of the Assay preparation into a 250-
mL beaker, add 20 mL of water, then add, in the order named and
with continuous stirring, 25.0 mL of 0.05 M Edetate disodiwn ti-
trant and 20 mL of acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer TS, and
heat the solution near the boiling temperature for 5 minutes. Cool,
add 50 mL of alcohol and 2 mL of dithizone TS, and mix. Titrate
2241 Solutions / Volumetric Solutions
Hydrochloric Acid, Half-Normal (0.5 N) in Methanol
HCI,36.46
18.23 g in 1000 mL
To a 1000-mL volumetric flask containing 40 mL of water slowly
add 43 mL of hydrochloric acid. Cool, and add methanol to vol-
ume. Standardize the solution as follows.
Weigh accurately about 2.5 g of tromethamine, previously dried
at 105 for 3 hours. Proceed as directed under Hydrochloric Acid,
Normal (bY), beginning with "Dissolve in 50 mL of water.' ,
10:'" "
Iodine, Tenth-Normal (0.1 N)
I, 126.90
12.69 g in 1000 mL
Dissolve about 14,g of iodine in a solution of 36 g of potassium
iodide in 100 mL of water, add 3 drops of hydrochloric acid, dilute
with water to 1000 mL, and standardize the solution as follows:
Hydrochloric Acid, Normal (1 N)
HCl,36.46
36.46 g in 1000 mL
Dilute 85 mL of hydrochloric acid with water to 1000 mL. Stan-
dardize the solution as follows.
Accurately weigh about 5.0 g of tromethamine, previously dried
at 105 for 3 hours. Dissolve in 50 mL of water, and add 2 drops
of bromocresol green TS. Titrate with I N hydrochloric acid to a
pale yellow endpoint. Calculate the normality. Each 121.14 mg of
tromethamine is equivalent to I mL of I N hydrochloric acid.
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate, Tenth-Normal (0.1 N)
Fe(NH
4
MS04)z6Hp, 392.14
39.21 g in 1000 mL
Dissolve 40 g of ferrous ammonium sulfate in a previously
cooled mixture of 40 mL of sulfuric acid and 200 mL of water,
dilute with water to 1000 mL, and mix. On the day of use, stan-
dardize the solution as follows:
Measure accurately 25 to 30 mL of the solution into a flask, add
2 drops of orthophenanthroline TS, and titrate with 0.1 N ceric
sulfate VS until the red color is changed to pale blue. From the
volume of 0.1 N ceric sulfate consumed, calculate the normality.
Ferric Ammonium Sulfate, Tenth-Normal (0.1 N)
FeNHiS04)z12H
z
O,482.19
48.22 g in 1000 mL
Dissolve 50 g of ferric ammonium sulfate in a mixture of 300
mL of water and 6 mL of sulfuric acid, dilute with water to 1000
mL, and mix. Standardize the solution as follows.
Measure accurately about 40 mL of the solution into a glass-
stoppered flask, add 5 mL of hydrochloric acid, mix, and add a
solution of 3 g of potassium iodide in 10 mL of water. Insert the
stopper, allow to stand for 10 minutes, then titrate the liberated
iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate VS, adding 3 mL of starch TS
as the endpoint is approached. Correct for a blank run on the same
quantities of the same reagents, and calculate the normality.
Store in tight containers, protected from light.
about 30 mL of the edetate disodium solution from a 50-rnL buret.
Add 15 rnL of sodium hydroxide TS and 300 mg of hydroxy naph-
thol blue indicator, and continue the titration with the edetate di-
sodium solution to a blue endpoint. Calculate the molarity taken
by the formula:
W/(l 00.09V),
in which W is the weight, in mg, of CaC0
3
in the portion of calcium
carbonate taken, and V is the volume, in mL, of edetate disodium
solution consumed.
Standard Dichlorophenol-Indophenol Solution
I To 50 mg of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol sodium that has been
I
stored in a desiccator over soda lime add 50 mL of water containing
42 mg of sodium bicarbonate, shake vigorously, and when the dye
'Iis dissolved, add water to make 200 mL. Filter into an amber,
glass-stoppered bottle. Standardize the solution as follows.
Weigh accurately 50 mg of USP Ascorbic Acid RS, and transfer
to a glass-stoppered, 50-mL volumetric flask with the aid of a suf-
ficient volume of metaphosphoric-acetic acids TS to make 50 mL.
Immediately transfer 2 mL of the ascorbic acid solution to a 50-
mL conical flask containing 5 mL of the metaphosphoric-acetic
,acids TS, and titrate rapidly with the dichlorophenol-indophenol
!solution until a distinct rose-pink color persists for at least 5 sec-
londs. Perform a blank titration by titrating 7 mL of the metaphos-
I
PhOriC-acetic acids TS plus a volume of water equal to the volume
of the dichlorophenol solution used in titrating the ascorbic acid
I
'solution. Express the concentration of the standard solution in
,terms of its equivalent in mg of ascorbic acid.
psp 24
i
i
hight, filter through a fine-porosity, sintered-glass crucible, dilute
water to 1000 mL, and mix. Standardize the solution as
follows.
I [NoTE-Prepare the osmium tetroxide solution used in this pro-
in a well-ventilated hood, as poisonous vapors are given off
by this compound.] Weigh accurately 200 mg of arsenic trioxide,
previously dried at 105 for I hour, and transfer to a 500-mL conical
Wash down the inner walls of the flask with 25 mL of sodium
solution (2 in 25), swirl to dissolve the substance, and
solution is complete, add 100 mL of water, and mix. Add
[0 mL of dilute sulfuric acid (1 in 3), then add 2 drops each of
6rthophenanthroline TS and a I in 400 solution of osmium tetroxide
I
n 0.1 N sulfuric acid, and slowly titrate with the ceric sulfate so-
ution until the pink color is changed to a very pale blue. Calculate
he normality. Each 4.946 mg of arsenic trioxide is equivalent to
rmL of 0.1 N "ri, ,ulf,IO.
I Cupric Nitrate, Tenth Normal (0.1 N)
I
Cu(N0
3
)z' 2.5Hp, 232.59
23.26 g in 1000 rnL
I
Cu(N0
3
)z' 3Hp, 241.60
24.16 g in 1000 mL
I Dissolve 23.3 g of cupric nitrate 2.5 hydrate, or 24.2 g of the
trihydrate, in water to make 1000 mL. Standardize the solution as
I
(allows.
I Transfer 20.0 mL of the solution to a 250-mL beaker. Add 2
rJL of 5 M sodium nitrate, 20 mL of ammonium acetate TS, and
sufficient water to make 100 mL. Titrate with 0.05 M edetate di-
fodium VS. Determine the endpoint potentiometrically using a cu-

ion-double junction reference electrode system. Perform a

lank determination, and make any necessary correction. Calculate
he normality by the formula:
I VM/20.0,
l
in which V is the volume, in mL, of edetate disodium consumed,
is the molarity of the edetate disodium, and 20.0 is the number
!of mL of cupric nitrate solution taken.
I
Edetate Disodium, Twentieth-Molar (0.05 M)
CJOH'4NZNaPs2Hp, 372.24
, 18.61 g in 1000 mL
I ,
'I' Dissolve 18.6 g of edetate disodium in water to make 1000 mL,
,and standardize the solution as follows.
I Weigh accurately about 200 mg of chelometric standard calcium
icarbonate, previously dried at 110 for 2 hours and cooled in a
Idesiccator, transfer to a 400-mL beaker, add 10 mL of water. and
Iswirl to form a slurry. Cover the beaker with a watch glass. and
iintroduce 2 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid from a pipet inserted
Ibetween the lip of the beaker and the edge of the watch glas,. Swirl
Ithe contents of the beaker to dissolve the calcium carbonate. Wash
!down the sides of the beaker, the outer surface of the pipet, and the
Iwatch glass with water, and dilute with water to about 100 mL.
!While stirring the solution, preferably with a magnetic stirrer. add
USP 24 Solutions / Test Solutions 2233
For the preparation of Test Solutions, use reagents of the quality
described under Reagents.
Acetaldehyde TS-Mix 4 mL of acetaldehyde, 3 mL of alcohol,
and 1 mL of water. Prepare this solution fresh.
Acetate Buffer T8-Dissolve 320 g of ammonium acetate in 500
mL of water, add 5 mL of glacial acetic acid, dilute with water to
1000.0 mL, and mix. This solution has a pH between 5.9 and 6.0.
Acetic Acid, Glacial TS-Determine the water content of a spec-
imen of glacial acetic acid by the Titrimetric Method (see Water
Determination (921. If the acid contains more than 0.05% of
water, add a few mL of acetic anhydride, mix, allow to stand over-
night, and again determine the water content. If the acid contains
less than 0.02% of water, add sufficient water to make the final
concentration between 0.02% and 0.05%, mix, allow to stand over-
night, and again determine the water content. Repeat the adjustment
with acetic anhydride or water, as necessary, until the resulting so-
lution shows a water content between 0.02% and 0.05%.
Acetic Acid-Ammonium Acetate Buffer TS-Dissolve 77.1 g
of ammonium acetate in water, add 57 mL of glacial acetic acid,
and dilute with water to 1000 mL.
Acetone, Buffered, T8-Dissolve 8.15 g of sodium acetate and
42 g of sodium chloride in about 100 mL of water, and add 68 mL
of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and 150 mL of acetone. Mix, and dilute
with water to 500 mL.
Acid-Ferric Chloride T8-Mix 60 mL of glacial acetic acid
with 5 mL of sulfuric acid, add 1 mL of ferric chloride TS, mix,
and cool.
Acid Ferrous Sulfate TS-See Ferrous Sulfate, Acid, TS.
Acid Stannous Chloride TS-See Stannous Chloride, Acid, TS.
Acid Stannous Chloride TS, Stannous Chloride,
Acid, Stronger, TS. .
Albumen TS-Carefully separate the w.hite from the yolk of a
strictly fresh hen's egg. Shake the white with 100 mL of water
until mixed and all but the chalaza has undergone solution; then
filter. Prepare the solution fresh.
Alcohol-Phenol TS-Dissolve 780 mg of phenol in alcohol to
make 100 mL.
Alcoholic Ammonia T8-See Ammonia TS. Alcoholic.
Alcoholic Mercuric Bromide TS-See Mercuric Bromide TS,
Alcoholic.
Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide TS-See Potassium Hydroxide
TS, Alcoholic.
Alkaline Cupric Citrate TS-See Cupric Citrate TS, Alkaline.
Alkaline Cupric Iodide TS-See Cupric Iodide TS, Alkaline.
Alkaline Cupric Tartrate TS (Fehling's Solution)-See Cupric
Tartrate TS, Alkaline.
Alkaline Mercuric-Potassium Iodide TS-See Mercuric-Potas-
sium Iodide TS, Alkaline.
Alkaline Picrate T8-See Picrate TS, Alkaline.
Alkaline Sodium Hydrosulfite TS-See Sodium Hydrosulfite
TS, Alkaline.
Amaranth TS-Dissolve 20 mg of amaranth in 10 mL of water.
Aminonaphtholsulfonic Acid TS-Weigh accurately 5 g of so-
dium sulfite, 94.3 g of sodium bisulfite, and 700 mg of 1,2,4-ami-
nonaphtholsulfonic acid, and mix. Prepare aminonaphtholsulfonic
acid TS fresh on the day of use by dissolving 1.5 g of the dry
mixture in to mL of water.
Ammonia-Ammonium Chloride Buffer TS-Dissolve 67.5 g
of ammonium chloride in water, add 570 mL of ammonium hy-
droxide, and dilute with water to 1000 mL.
Ammonia-Cyanide TS-Dissolve 2 g of potassium cyanide in
\5 mL of ammonium hydroxide, and dilute with water to 100 mL.
Ammonia TS-lt contains between 9.5% and 10.5% of NH,.
Prepare by diluting 400 mL of Ammonia Water, Stronger (see in
the section, Reagents) with water to make 1000 mL.
Ammonia TS, Alcoholic-A solution of ammonia gas in alco-
hol. Clear, colorless liquid having a strong odor of ammonia. Spe-
cific gravity: about 0.80. It containg between 9% and 11% of NH
3

Store it in alkali-resistant containers, in a cold place.

Ammonia TS, Stronger-Use Ammonia Water, Stronger (see in
the section, Reagents).
Ammoniacal Potassium Ferricyanide TS-Dissolve 2 g of po-
tassium ferricyanide in 75 mL of water, add 25 mL of ammonium
hydroxide, and mix.
Ammoniated Cupric Oxide TS-See Cupric Oxide, Ammo-
niated, T5.
Ammonium Acetate TS-Dissolve 10 g of ammonium acetate
in water to make 100 mL.
Ammonium Carbonate TS-Dissolve 20 g of ammonium car-
bonate and 20 mL of ammonia TS in water to make 100 mL.
Ammonium Chloride T8-Dissolve 10.5 g of ammonium chlo-
ride in water to make 100 mL.
Ammonium Chloride-Ammonium Hydroxide TS-Mix equal
volumes of water and ammonium hydroxide, and saturate with am-
monium chloride.
Ammonium Molybdate TS-Dissolve 6.5 g of finely powdered
molybdic acid in a mixture of 14 mL of water and 14.5 mL of
ammonium hydroxide. Cool the solution, and add it slowly, with
stirring, to a well-cooled mixture of 32 mL of nitric acid and 40
mL of water. Allow to stand for 48 hours, and filter through a fine-
porosity, sintered-glass crucible. This solution deteriorates upon
standing and is unsuitable for use if, upon the addition of 2 mL of
dibasic sodium phosphate TS to 5 mL of the solution, an abundant
yellow precipitate does not form at once or after slight warming.
Store it in the dark. If a precipitate forms during storage, use only
the clear, supernatant solution.
Ammonium Oxalate T8-Dissolve 3.5 g of ammonium oxalate
in water to make 100 mL.
Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic, TS (Ammonium Phosphate
TS)-Dissolve 13 g of dibasic ammonium phosphate in water to
make 100 mL.
Ammonium Polysulfide T8-Yellow liquid, made by saturating
ammonium sulfide TS with sulfur.
Ammonium Reineckate TS-Shake about 500 mg of ammo-
nium reineckate with 20 mL of water frequently during 1 hour, and
filter. Use within 2 days.
Ammonium Sulfide T8-Saturate ammonia TS with hydrogen
sulfide, and add two-thirds of its volume of ammonia TS. Residue
on ignition: not more than 0.05%. The solution is not rendered
turbid either by magnesium sulfate TS or by calcium chloride TS
(carbonate).
This solution is unsuitable for use if an abundant precipitate of
sulfur is present. Store it in small, well-filled, dark amber-colored
bottles, in a cold, dark place.
Ammonium Thiocyanate TS-Dissolve 8 g of ammonium thio-
cyanate in water to make 100 mL.
Ammonium Vanadate TS-Dissolve 2.5 g of ammonium van-
adate in 500 mL of boiling water, cool, and add 20 mL of nitric
acid. Mix, cool, and add water to make I liter. Store in polyeth-
ylene containers.
Anthrone TS-Within 12 hours of use, rapidly dissolve 35 mg
of anthrone in a hot mixture of 35 mL of water and 65 mL of
sulfuric acid. Immediately cool in an ice bath to room temperature,
and filter through glass wool. Allow the solution to stand at room
temperature for 30 minutes before use.
Antimony Trichloride TS-Dissolve 20 g of antimony trichlo-
ride in chloroform to make 100 mL. Filter if necessary.
Barium Chloride T8-Dissolve 12 g of barium chloride in
water to make 100 mL.
Barium Hydroxide T8-A saturated solution of barium hydrox-
ide in recently boiled water. Prepare the solution fresh.
Barium Nitrate T8-Dissolve 6.5 g of barium nitrate in water
to make 100 mL.
USP 24
Solutions / Test Solutions
2235
Deniges' Reagent-See Mercuric Sulfate TS.
Diazobenzenesulfonic Acid TS-Place in a beaker 1.57 g of
sulfanilic acid, previously dried at 105. for. 3 hours, add 80 mL of
water and 10 mL of diluted hydrochlonc aCid, and warm on a steam
bath until dissolved. Cool to 15 (some of the acid
separate but will dissolve add sl.owly, with st!r-
ring, 6.5 mL of sodium mtnte solution (l 10 10). Then dilute with
water to 100 mL.
Dichlorofluorescein TS-Dissolve 100 mg of
cein in 60 mL of alcohol, add 2.5 mL of 0.1 N sodIUm hydroxide,
mix, and dilute with water to 100 mL.
Dicyclohexylamine Acetate 50 g of
ylamine in 150 mL of acetone, coolman Ice. bath, with
stirring, a solution consisting of 18 mL glacial acetic aCid 10
mL of acetone. Recrystallize the precipitate that forms, by heat10g
the mixture to boiling and allowing it to cool in an ice bath, then
collect the crystals on a filtering funnel, wash a small
of acetone, and air-dry. Dissolve 300 mg of the dicyclohexylamme
acetate so obtained in 200 mL of a mixture of 6 volumes of chlo-
roform and 4 volumes of water-saturated ether. Use immediately.
2,7_Dihydroxynaphthalene mg of 2,7-dihy-
droxynaphthalene in 1000 mL of aCid, and allow
lution to stand until the yellow color disappears. If the solution IS
very dark, discard it and prepare a new solution from a different
supply of sulfuric acid. This solution is stable for approximately
one month if stored in a dark bottle.
Diiodofluorescein T5-Dissolve 500 mg of diiodofluorescein in
a mixture of 75 mL of alcohol and 30 mL of water.
Diluted Lead Subacetate TS-See Lead Subacetate TS, Diluted.
poDimethylaminobenzaldehyde TS-Dissolve 125 mg of p-di-
methylaminobenzaldehyde in a cooled mixture of 65 mL of sulfuric
acid and 35 mL of water, and add 0.05 mL of ferric chloride TS.
Use within 7 days.
Dinitrophenylhydrazine TS-Carefully mix 10 mL of water
and 10 mL of sulfuric acid, and cool. To the mixture, contained in
a glass-stoppered flask, add 2 g of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and
shake until dissolved. To the solution add 35 mL of water, mix,
cool, and filter.
Diphenylamine T5-Dissolve 1.0 g of diphenylamine in 100
mL of sulfuric acid. The solution should be colorless.
Diphenylcarbazone T5-Dissolve I g of crystalline diphenyl-
carbazone in 75 mL of alcohol, then add alcohol to make 100 mL.
Store in a brown bottle.
Dithizone TS-Dissolve 25.6 mg of dithizone in 100 mL of
alcohol. Store in a cold place, and use within 2 months.
Edetate Disodium T5-Dissolve 1 g of edetate disodium in 950
mL of water, add 50 mL of alcohol, and mix.
Eosin Y TS (adsorption indicator)-Dissolve 50 mg of eosin Y
in 10 mL of water.
Eriochrome Black TS-Dissolve 200 mg of eriochrome black
T and 2 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in methanol to make 50
mL.
Eriochrome Cyanine TS-Dissolve 750 mg of eriochrome cy-
anine R in 200 mL of water, add 25 g of sodium chloride, 25 g of
ammonium nitrate, and 2 mL of nitric acid, and dilute with water
to 1000 mL.
Fehling's Solution-See Cupric Tartrate TS, Alkaline.
Ferric Ammonium Sulfate TS-Dissolve 8 g of ferric ammo-
nium sulfate in water to make 100 mL.
Ferric Chloride TS-Dissolve 9 g of ferric chloride in water to
make 100 mL.
Ferrous Sulfate TS-Dissolve 8 g of clear crystals of ferrous
sulfate in about 100 mL of recently boiled and thoroughly cooled
water. Prepare this solution fresh.
Ferrous Sulfate, Acid, TS-Dissolve 7 g of ferrous sulfate crys-
tals in 90 mL of recently boiled and thoroughly cooled water, and
add sulfuric acid to make 100 mL. Prepare this solution immedi-
ately prior to use.
Folin-Ciocalteu Phenol TS-Into a 1500-mL flask introduce
100 g of sodium tungstate, 25 g of sodium molybdate, 700. mL .of
water, 50 mL of phosphoric acid, and 100 mL of hydrochlonc aCid.
Reflux the mixture gently for abmitlO hours, and add 150 g of
lithium sulfate 50 mL of water, and a few drops of bromine. Boil
the mixture the condenser, for about 15 minutes, or until
the excess bromine is expelled. Cool, dilute with water to 1 liter,
and filter: the filtrate has no greenish tint. Before use, dilute 1 part
of the filtrate with 1 part of water.
Formaldehyde T5-Use Formaldehyde Solution (see in the sec-
tion, Reagents). .
Fuchsin-Pyrogallol TS-Dissolve 100 f!lg of basic in 50
mL of water that previously has been bOiled for 15 m1Oute.s and
allowed to cool slightly. Cool, add 2 mL of a saturated solution of
sodium bisulfite, mix, and allow to stand for not less than 3
Add 0.9 mL of hydrochloric acid, mix, and allow to stand ovenllght.
Add 100 mg of pyrogallol, shake until solution is effected, .and
dilute with water to 100 mL. Store in an amber-glass bottle 10 a
refrigerator.
Fuchsin-Sulfurous Acid T5-Dissolve 200 mg. of basic fuchsin
in 120 mL of hot water, and allow the solution to cool. Add a
solution of 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulfite in 20 mL of water, then
add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid. Dilute the solution with water to
200 mL, and allow to stand for at least 1 hour. Prepare this solution
fresh.
Gastric Fluid, Simulated, T5-Dissolve 2.0 g of sodium chlo-
ride and 3.2 g of purified pepsin, that is derived from porcine stom-
ach mucosa, with an activity of 800 to 2500 units per mg of protein,
in 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid and sufficient water to make 1000
mL. [NOTE-Pepsin activity is described in the Food Chemicals
Codex specifications under General Tests and Assays.] This test
solution has a pH of about 1.2.
Gelatin TS (for the assay of Corticotropin Injection)-Dissolve
340 g of acid-treated precursor gelatin (Type A) in water to make
1000 mL. Heat the solution in an autoclave at 115 for 30 minutes
after the exhaust line temperature has reached 115. Cool the so-
lution, and add 109 of phenol and 1000 mL of water. Store in
tight containers in a refrigerator.
Glacial Acetic Acid T5-See Acetic Acid, Glacial, TS.
Glucose oxidase-chromogen TS-A solution containing, in
each mL, 0.5 fLmol of 4-aminoantipyrine, 22.0 fLmol of sodium p-
hydroxybenzoate, not less than 7.0 units of glucose oxidase, and
not less than 0.5 units of peroxidase, and buffered to a pH of 7.0
0.1.
81
Suitability-When used for determining glucose in Inulin, ascer-
tain that no significant color results by reaction with fructose, and
that a suitable absorbance-versus-concentration slope is obtained
with glucose.
Glycerin Base TS-To 200 g of glycerin add water to bring the
total weight to 235 g. Then add 142.5 mL of I N sodium hydroxide
and 47.5 mL of water.
Gold Chloride TS-Dissolve 1 g of gold chloride in 35 mL of
water.
Hydrogen Peroxide T5-Use Hydrogen Peroxide Topical So-
lution (USP monograph).
Hydrogen Sulfide TS-A saturated solution of hydrogen sulfide,
made by passing H
2
S into cold water. Store it in small, dark amber-
colored bottles, filled nearly to the top. It is unsuitable unless it
possesses a strong odor of H
2
S, and unless it produces at once a
copious precipitate of sulfur when added to an equal volume of
ferric chloride TS. Store in a cold, dark place.
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride TS-Dissolve 3.5 g of hydrox-
ylamine hydrochloride in 95 mL of 60 percent alcohol, and add 0.5
mL of bromophenol blue solution (I in 1000) and 0.5 N alcoholic
potassium hydroxide until a greenish tint develops in the solution.
Then add 60 percent alcohol to make 100 mL.
S-Hydroxyquinoline TS-Dissolve 5 g of 8-hydroxyquinoline
in alcohol to make 100 mL.
Indigo Carmine TS (Sodium lndigotindisulfonate TS)-Dissolve
a quantity of sodium indigotindisulfonate, equivalent to 180 mg of
C,oH
g
N,02(SO,Na)" in water to make 100 mL. Use within 60 days.
USP 24 Solutions I Reagent Footnotes 2245
of anhydrous methanol to 1000 mL, and flush the solution for 10
minutes with dry, carbon dioxide-free nitrogen. [NOTE-If neces-
sary to obtain a clear solution, further small quantities of anhydrous
methanol may be added.] Store in a reservoir protected from carbon
dioxide and moisture, and discard after 60 days. Alternatively, the
solution may be prepared by diluting a suitable volume of com-
mercially available tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution in
methanol with a mixture of 4 volumes of anhydrous toluene and I
volume of anhydrous methanol. [NOTE-If necessary to obtain a
clear solution, further small quantities of methanol may be added.]
Standardize the solution on the day of use as follows. Dissolve
about 400 mg of primary standard benzoic acid, accurately weighed,
in 80 mL of dimethylformamide, add 3 drops of a I in 100 solution
of thymol blue in dimethylformamide, and titrate to a blue endpoint
with the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution, delivering the ti-
trant from a buret equipped with a carbon dioxide absorption trap.
Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction.
Each mL of 0.1 N tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is equivalent to
12.21 mg of benzoic acid.
Tetramethylammonium Bromide, Tenth-Molar (0.1 M)
(CH3)4NBr, 154.05
15.41 g in 1000 mL
Dissolve 15.41 g of tetramethylammonium bromide in water to
make 1000 mL, and standardize the solution as follows.
Transfer an accurately measured volume of about 40 mL of the
solution to a beaker, add 10 mL of diluted nitric acid and 50.0 mL
of 0.1 N silver nitrate YS, and mix. Add 2 mL of ferric ammonium
sulfate TS, and titrate the excess silver nitrate with 0.1 N ammo-
nium thiocyanate YS. Calculate the molarity.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride, Tenth-Molar (0.1 M)
(CH3)4NCl, 109.60
10.96 g in 1000 mL
Dissolve 10.96 g of tetramethylammonium chloride in water to
make 1000 mL, and standardize the solution as follows.
Transfer an accurately measured volume of about 40 mL of the
solution to a flask, add 10 mL of diluted nitric acid and 50.0 mL
of 0.1 N silver nitrate YS, and mix. Add 5 mL of nitrobenzene and
2 mL of ferric ammonium sulfate TS, shake, and titrate the excess
silver nitrate with 0.1 N ammonium thiocyanate YS. Calculate the
molarity.
Titanium Trichloride, Tenth-Normal (0.1 N)
TiCl j , 154.23
15.42 g in 1000 mL
Add 75 mL of titanium trichloride solution (I in 5) to 75 mL of
hydrochloric acid, dilute to 1000 mL, and mix. Standardize the
solution as follows, using the special titration apparatus described.
Apparatus-Store the titanium trichloride solution in the reser-
voir of a closed-system titration apparatus in an atmosphere of
hydrogen.
Use a wide-mouth, 500-mL conical flask as the titration vessel,
and connect it by means of a tight-fitting rubber stopper to the
titration buret, an inlet tube for carbon dioxide, and an exit tube.
Arrange for mechanical stirring. All joints must be air-tight. Ar-
range to have both the hydrogen and the carbon diOXide pass
through wash bottles containing titanium trichloride solution (ap-
proximately I in 50) to remove any oxygen.
If the solution to be titrated is to be heated before or during
titration, connect the titration flask with an upright reflux condenser
through the rubber stopper.
Standardization-Place an accurately measured volume of about
40 mL of 0.1 N ferric ammonium sulfate VS in the titration flask.
and pass in a rapid stream of carbon dioxide until all the air has
been removed. Add the titanium trichloride solution from the buret
until near the calculated endpoint (about 35 mL), then add through
the outlet tube 5 mL of ammonium thiocyanate TS, and continue
the titration until the solution is colorless. Calculate the normality.
Zinc Sulfate, Twentieth-Molar (0.05 M)
ZnS0
4
7Hp, 287.56
14.4 g in 100(YfuL
Dissolve 14.4 g of zinc sulfate in water to make 1 liter. Stan-
dardize the solution as follows:
Measure accurately about 10 mL of 0.05 M edetate disodium YS
into a 125-mL conical flask, and add, in the order given, 10 mL of
acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer TS, 50 mL of alcohol, and 2
mL of dithizone TS. Titrate with the zinc sulfate solution to a clear,
rose-pink color. Calculate the molarity.
NOTE-For many of the reagents mentioned in the foregoing
section, the corresponding standards of the 6th edition (1980)
of Reagent Chemicals, published by the American Chemical So-
ciety, should be consulted. For a limited number of other rea-
gents, the standards are adapted from those appearing in Reagent
Chemicals and Standards, 5th edition, by Joseph Rosin and cop-
yrighted by the publisher, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
Reagent Footnotes
Where a particular brand or source of a material or piece of
equipment, or the name and address of a manufacturer, is mentioned
(ordinarily in a footnote), this identification is furnished solely for
informational purposes as a matter of convenience, without impli-
cation of approval, endorsement, or certification.
I A suitable grade is available as 13-(Acetylmercapto)isobutyric
Acid; catalog number 39059, from Senn Chemicals AG, P.O. Box
267, CH-8157 Dielsdorf, Switzerland.
2A suitable grade is available commercially as "Triton X-100"
from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, PA 19105.
3A suitable grade is basic aluminum oxide, activity grade I,
available from M. Woelm, Eschwege, Germany, or from U.S.
distributors.
4A suitable grade for the Dissolution test for Carisoprodol Tab-
lets is Type YIII-A, from barley malt, available from Sigma Chem-
ical Company, St. Louis, MO 63178.
5 A suitable resin is "Amberlite IRA-400," produced by Rohm
and Haas Co., Philadelphia, PA 19105, and available through
Mallinckrodt, Inc., P.O. Box 5439, St. Louis, MO 63147.
6 A suitable resin is "AG-50W-XI2," produced by BioRad Lab-
oratories, Attn: Chemical Division, 1000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Her-
cules, CA 94547.
7 A suitable resin is "Dowex I X4," produced by the Dow Chem-
ical Co., Midland, MI 48640, and available through J. T. Baker
Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, NJ 08865.
8 A suitable grade is available commercially from Eastman Kodak
Co., Rochester, NY 14650.
9 A suitable grade is "Dioctyl Sebacate," produced by the Har-
chern Division, Wallace and Tiernan, Inc., 25 Main St.. Belleville.
NJ 07101.
10 A suitable grade is available from Regis Chemical Co.. 1101
N. Franklin St., Chicago, IL 60610.
II A suitable grade is available from Aldrich Chemical Co., 940
W. St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53233.
12 A suitable grade is available as 99% MTBSTFA, 1% TBDMCS
from Reigs Chemical Company, 8210 Austin Ave., P.O. Box 519.
Morton Grove, IL 60053.
13 Where Hammersten type casein is specified. a suitable grade
is available commercially. as Catalog No. 7-E397. from J. T. Baker
Chemical Co., 222 Red School Lane, Phillipsburg. NJ 08865.
14 A suitable grade is available commercially as "Dowex 50-W-
X8, 20-50 Mesh" from J. T. Baker Chemical Co.. Phillipsburg.
NJ 08865
15 A suitable grade is available as ' 'Bio-Rex 70" from BioRad
Laboratories, Attn: Chemical Division. 1000 Alfred Nobel Drive.
Hercules, CA 94547.
10 A suitable grade is available commercially as ion-exchange
resin-analytical grade, 50W-X2, 100-200 mesh, from BioRad
Laboratories, Attn: Chemical Division, 1000 Alfred Nobel Drive.
Hercules. CA 94547.
17 A suitable resin is "Dowex 50W-X8," produced by the Dow
Chemical Co.. Midland, MI 48640, and available through J. T.
~
. ~ ..
~ ",
",
2238 Test Solutions / Solutions USP 24
I
I
Phosphatic Enzyme T8-0issolve 5 g of phosphatic enzyme in
water to make 50 mL. Prepare this solution fresh.
Phosphomolybdic Acid T8-0issolve 20 g of phosphomolybdic
acid in alcohol to make 100 mL. Filter the solution, and use only
the clear filtrate.
Phosphotungstic Acid T8-Dissolve 1 g of phosphotungstic
acid in water to make 100 mL.
Picrate TS, Alkaline-Mix 20 mL of trinitrophenol solution (l
in 100) with 10 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (l in 20), dilute
with water to 100 mL, and mix. Use within 2 days.
Picric Acid T8-See Trinitrophenol TS.
Platinic Chloride T8-0issolve 2.6 g of platinic chloride in
water to make 20 mL.
Platinum-Cobalt TS-Oissolve 1.246 g of potassium chloropla-
tinate (K
2
PtCI
6
) and 1.000 g of cobalt chloride (CoCl
2
6HP) in
water, add 100 mL of hydrochloric acid, and dilute with water to
1 liter.
Potassium pyroantimonate TS-Oissolve 2 g of potassium py-
roantimonate in 95 mL of hot water. Cool quickly, and add a so-
lution containing 2.5 g of potassium hydroxide in 50 mL of water
and I mL of sodium hydroxide solution (8.5 in 100). Allow to
stand for 24 hours, filter, and dilute with water to 150 mL.
Potassium Acetate T8-0issolve 10 g of potassium acetate in
water to make 100 mL.
Potassium-Bismuth Iodide TS-Dissolve 12.5 g of tartaric acid
in 25 mL of water, then dissolve 1.06 g of bismuth subnitrate in
this mixture (Solution A). Oissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 25
mL of water (Solution B). Dissolve 100 g of tartaric acid in 450
mL of water (Solution C). Add Solutions A and B to Solution C,
and mix.
Potassium Carbonate TS-Oissolve 7 g of anhydrous potas-
sium carbonate in water to make 100 mL.
Potassium Chromate T8-0issolve 10 g of potassium chromate
in water to make 100 mL.
Potassium Dichromate T8-0issolve 7.5 g of potassium di-
chromate in water to make 100 mL.
Potassium Ferricyanide T8-0issolve 1 g of potassium ferri-
cyanide in 10 mL of water. Prepare this solution fresh.
Potassium Ferrocyanide T8-0issolve 1 g of potassium fer-
rocyanide in 10 mL of water. Prepare this solution fresh.
Potassium Hydroxide T8-0issolve 6.5 g of potassium hy-
droxide in water to make 100 mL.
Potassium Hydroxide TS, Alcoholic-Use 0.5 N Potassium Hy-
droxide, Alcoholic (see in the section, Volumetric Solutions).
Potassium Iodide T8-0issolve 16.5 g of potassium iodide in
water to make 100 mL. Store in light-resistant containers.
Potassium Iodoplatinate TS-Oissolve 200 mg of platinic chlo-
ride in 2 mL of water, mix with 25 mL of potassium iodide solution
(I in 25), and add water to make 50 mL.
Potassium Permanganate TS-Use 0.1 N Potassium Perman-
ganate (see in the section, Volumetric Solutions).
Potassium Sulfate TS-Oissolve 1 g of potassium sulfate in
water to make 100 mL.
Pyridine-Pyrazolone TS-To 100 mL of a saturated solution of
I-phenyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one add 20 mL of a I in 1000
solution of 3,3' -dimethyl-I, I' -diphenyl-[4.4' -bi-2-pyrazoline]-5,5'-
dione in pyridine. Store in a dark bottle, and use within 3 days.
Pyrogallol TS, Alkaline-Oissolve 500 mg of pyrogallol in 2
mL of water. Dissolve 12 g of potassium hydroxide in 8 mL of
water. The solutions should be freshly prepared and mixed im-
mediately before use.
Quinaldine Red TS-Dissolve 100 mg of quinaldine red in 100
mL of alcohol.
Quinone TS-Dissolve 500 mg of p-benzoquinone in 2.5 mL of
glacial acetic acid. and dilute with alcohol to 50 mL. Prepare this
solution fresh daily.
Resorcinol TS-Oissolve I g of resorcinol in hydrochloric acid
to make 100 mL.
Ruthenium Red TS-Oissolve 10 g of lead acetate in water,
dilute with water to 100 mL, and add 80 mg of ruthenium red. The
solution is wine-red in color. [NOTE-If necessary, add additional
ruthenium red to obtain a wine-red color.]
Saline TS-Oissolve 9.0 g of sodium chloride in water to make
1000 mL.
NOTE-Where pyrogen-free saline TS is specified in this Phar-
macopeia, saline TS that has met the requirements of the Pyrogen
Test (151) is to be used.
Saline TS, Pyrogen-free-See Saline TS.
Schweitzer's Reagent-See Cupric Oxide, Ammoniated, TS.
Silver-Ammonia-Nitrate T8-0issolve I g of silver nitrate in
20 mL of water. Add ammonia TS, dropwise, with constant stir-
ring, until the precipitate is almost but not entirely dissolved. Filter,
and store in tight, light-resistant containers.
Silver-Ammonium Nitrate T8-See Silver-Ammonia-Nitrate
TS.
Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate T8-0issolve I g of silver di-
ethyldithiocarbamate in 200 mL of recently distilled pyridine. Store
in light-resistant containers, and use within 30 days.
Silver Nitrate T8-Use 0.1 N Silver Nitrate (see in the section
Volumetric Solutions).
Simulated Gastric Fluid T8-See Gastric Fluid, Simulated, TS.
Simulated Intestinal Fluid TS-See Intestinal Fluid, Simulated,
TS.
Sodium Acetate T8-0issolve 13.6 g of sodium acetate in water
to make 100 mL.
Sodium Alizarinsulfonate TS-Oissolve 100 mg of sodium
alizarinsulfonate in 100 mL of water, and filter.
Sodium Aminoacetate TS (Sodium Glycinate TS)-Oissolve
3.75 g of aminoacetic acid in about 500 mL of water, add 2.1 g of
sodium hydroxide, and dilute with water to 1000 mL. Mix 9 mL
of the resulting solution with I mL of dilute glacial acetic acid (1
in 300). This test solution has a pH between 10.4 and 10.5.
Sodium Bisulfite TS-Oissolve 10 g of sodium bisulfite in water
to make 30 mL. Prepare this solution fresh.
Sodium Bitartrate TS-Oissolve I g of sodium bitartrate in
water to make 10 mL. Prepare this solution fresh.
Sodium Carbonate TS-Oissolve 10.6 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate in water to make 100 mL.
Sodium Chloride TS, Alkaline-Oissolve 2 g of sodium hy-
droxide in 100 mL of water, saturate the solution with sodium chlo-
ride, and filter.
Sodium Cobaltinitrite T8-0issolve 10 g of sodium cobalti-
nitrite in water to make 50 mL, and filter if necessary.
Sodium Fluoride T8-0ry about 500 mg of sodium fluoride at
200
0
for 4 hours. Weigh accurately 222 mg of the dried material,
and dissolve in water to make 100.0 mL. Pipet 10 mL of this
solution into a I-liter volumetric flask, and dilute with water to
volume. Each mL of this solution corresponds to 0.01 mg of flu-
orine (F).
Sodium Hydrosulfite TS, Alkaline-Dissolve 25 g of potassium
hydroxide in 35 mL of water, and 50 g of sodium hydrosulfite in
250 mL of water. When the test solution is required, mix 40 mL
of the hydroxide solution with the 250 mL of the hydrosulfite so-
lution. Prepare this solution fresh.
Sodium Hydroxide TS-Dissolve 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide in
water to make 100 mL.
Sodium Hypobromite TS-To a solution of 20 g of sodium
hydroxide in 75 mL of water add 5 mL of bromine. After solution
has taken place, dilute with water to lao mL. Prepare this solution
fresh.
Sodium Hypochlorite TS-Use Sodium Hvpochlorite Solution
(see in the section, Reagent Specifications).