Open-Motivation

Learning 3.0
writer:
Perus Saranurak
Internet technology creates opportunies to bring learning
to match with developing individual movaon
Open-Motivation Learning 3.0
Internettechnologycreatesopportunitiestobringlearningtomatchwith
developingindividualmotivation

Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon
MADesignFutures
MetadesignandFuturesofTechnology,CultureandChange

Writers:
PerusSaranurak,CreativeCatalyst
InternalReader:

ExternalReader:
Socialentrepreneurs,Educators,Learners

Printedonthe30
th
April2014
1stedition

Contents
0.0Preface.................................................................................................................................1
1.0technologyandhumanity....................................................................................................3
Philosophiesoftechnology...................................................................................................3
Effectsonhuman..................................................................................................................3
Effectsonculturechange......................................................................................................3
Futureoftechnology.............................................................................................................4
2.1Internet................................................................................................................................5
DataandLearning.................................................................................................................5
InternetEra...........................................................................................................................5
NoPlace,NoTime.................................................................................................................5
2.2Learningandmotivation......................................................................................................7
BetweenLearningandEducation.........................................................................................7
TransformanEducationtoCreativeLearning......................................................................7
CyberneticDreams................................................................................................................8
DrivebyanIntrinsicMotivation............................................................................................8
RevealingtheMotivations....................................................................................................8
3.0Innermotivation................................................................................................................10
Motivationinlearningtechnology......................................................................................10
3.1.Supportingthefirststep..............................................................................................11
3.2.Improvingknowledgeorskills......................................................................................11
Map.....................................................................................................................................12
4.0Collaborativeinnermotivation..........................................................................................13
Motivationasforce.............................................................................................................13
Reinforcemotivation...........................................................................................................13
CommunityofMotivation...................................................................................................14
Furthermore,............................................................................................................................15
Futureofdesignrole...........................................................................................................15
Selfreflection......................................................................................................................15
Appendix..................................................................................................................................16
Reference.................................................................................................................................17

0.0 Preface
Learningaswritingafutureresume,ownlife.
Abstract
Thistopicstartswithasimpleidea;thepersonsthathavesimilarinterestscan
discuss for long and develop their interests. This situation always happens
whenIdiscusswithmyfriends.Ifthetopicaboutrobotsandspace,Iwouldbe
moreinterestedandcandevelopideasindifferentperspective,thancosmetic
topics. Therefore, the discussion is a kind of bouncing ideas. With the same
topic of interests, it will be sharing experiences with open mind, a creative
conversation.
It can be seen that the internet can extend the potential of the creative
conversation more broad and more various. Also, the internet is much more
available of everyone. Actually, it can be seen that the basic knowledge (such
as how to, tutorials, elearning programmes and so on) is around us on the
internet. This represents the technology can change the paradigm of
education by allowing users (learners) to freely decide individual areas of
learningfollowingtrueindividualinterestsandcreatespecificlearningmodels.
Moreover, this possibly encourages the learners to boost up individual
interestsandcreateownrole,whichdoesnthavetostickwiththetraditional
definitionofeachjob.Thiscouldbethecreativityinlearningandliving.
The writer sees learning is the very important process in developing society.
Thisessaytendstodemonstratethepossibilityandpotentialoftechnologyfor
changing or developing the learning culture, could be the alternative
educational paradigm which is focusing on individual attraction, not a
productionline.Alsothetraditionaleducationislinearpattern,anditkillsthe
childrenscreativity.

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1.0 technology and humanity

Introduction
Philosophiesoftechnology
Aristotlesfourcauses,weshapetechnology.
Fromtheearlytechnologydiscoveredaround2.5millionyearsago,humanuse
wood and stone extend the limit of possibility, and after that technology
becomes the important part of human and human development. We created
tools for supporting our life; we learn to use them; developed them for new
possibility;welivewiththem.Thisseemsthattechnologyhasbeencontrolled
byhumanstatedintheconceptofAristotlesFourCauses.
Effectsonhuman
Heideggersenframement,technologyshapesus.
On the other hand, it can be seen that we are surrounded by technology and
most of our daily activities rely on technology. According to Heideggers
concept of Enframing, Like to frame a picture, enframing sets the parameters
of how we see and understand the world we live in; we are living follow
system;wethinkunderthelimitoflanguage;wetransportbycarssowehave
tocontinueburninggas.Thusweareunabletoseetheworldinanyotherway.
Humans thinking and behaviours have been trapped by the potential of
technologythathasbeendevelopedfollowingformervision.Tobeasurvivor,
wehavetofollowthesystemswhichchainedus.
Interdependentrelationship
I think the relationship between humanity and technology is interdependent.
Thus we can create our futures by technology; we develop technology for
improvingourlife.Itisakindofdrawdirectionsforourfutures.
Effectsonculturechange
TheRelationshipsbetweenTechnology,CultureandChange
Furthermore, it could be seen technology has influential effects on societies,
obviously in termsofcultureandchangeof society.Foranexplanation,these
relationships could be represented as the metaphor of an amoeba life; the
technologycouldbethefoodofamoebawhichcandevelopandmixtocreate
a new menu. Also culture could be seen as amoeba which is formed by
evaluating, choose and remove some technology. And when the new

acceptable innovation happened, this process can create a change as the

movementofculture(figure3).
Technology is shaped by the consensus of the society, as a culture. Society
couldbechangebythedevelopmentofnewtechnology.

FIGURE 3 AMOEBA OF CULTURAL CHANGE

Futureoftechnology
Summary
Likewise,theeffectsoftechnologytoculturechangecouldbeseenasakindof
thehumandevelopmentprocess.Thisalsomakesmeinterestedintheareaof
howtechnologycaninvolveinthedevelopingprocessofindividualscale,such
asselflearning,onlinecourse,internetcommunity,andsoon.

2.1 Internet
DataandLearning
In these days, the most relevant technology shifting the world is an internet
and programming. This creates many effects in this world. Thus, this essay
focuses on effect in the improvement in individual scale, which normally calls
Learning.
InternetEra
Everythingwithnothing
Nowadays, in the golden age of an internet, Computers and other smart
devices, which can do the complex function by programming, become the
basics of life. Following the idea of ephemeralization, coined by Richard
Buckminster Fuller (1938 cited by John Woods lecture, 2014), this idea
explains the direction of technology that more and more with less and less
untileventuallyyoucandoeverythingwithnothing.Inthattimeheusedthe
mass production of Ford for the example that by systems can produce more
withlesscost.Thustheprogrammabledevicescouldbetheclearerevidenceof
thisidea,whichusealmostnothingtodoeverything,justaclick.
Furthermore, the technological makers (programmers) and the technological
takers (users) seem to be closer; sometimes interface design allows user to
customize.
NoPlace,NoTime
Freelyaccess
Besides, Ivan Illich also introduces the idea of a convivial society in Tools for
Convivialitythat:
A convivial society would be the result of social arrangements that guarantee for
each member the most ample and free access to the tools of the community and
limitthisfreedomonlyinfavourofanothermembersequalfreedom.Illich(1973,
p.12)
Thiskind ofsociety seemsto happen nowontheinternetcommunity.Onthe
internet, there is a plenty of information can freely access. It could say that
internetshiftingourlifetofreefromthelimitofplaceandtime,theoldlimitof
living;theinternetallowsustoextendanyinterestorlearninganynewthings

by providing openinformation, which can be academic ebooks, pdf files of

presentation, video clip on YouTube or TEDs and opensources code for
programming. Moreover, by portable devices, learning can be anywhere and
anytime. Learning is the most important to human for improvement. For
creating better futures, it should start at the smallest scale, individual
development,whichfuturestechnologyshouldconsideringon.
Thereisaproject,forinstance,callOneLaptopperChild(OLPC)whichhasa
mission to empower the world's poorest children by an access to education.
OLPC believes every kid has a capacity to learn, but some are lack of
opportunity and resource. This project provides connected laptops for poor
kids, which enable them to access to the knowledge. Moreover, the kids can
learntoworkwithothersaroundtheworld.Thisisfordevelopingthepassion
forlearning.

2.2 Learning and motivation

BetweenLearningandEducation
Both learning and education has a similar objective which is to improve
individual knowledge and skills, but there are different. Education is the
process of providing useful information for improving student to meet the
standard of social expectation. On the contrary, learning is the selfimproving
process which is influenced by an individual intentional. This makes the
definition of education limit in school and university, but learning is a
continuedprocessforawholelife.
TransformanEducationtoCreativeLearning
Bring on the learning revolution! is to title of Sir Ken Robinsons his talk in
TED2010. He states that education has to be transformed to something else;
changefromanindustrial,fastfood,modelonestandardforeverywhereto
agriculture model which can customize to each individuals talent. Moreover,
the education system has been developed to mainly support production lines
in economy systems by producing a standard worker for a specific discipline.
As he said in 2006, we are shutting childrens senses off instead of waking
them up. Actually, it should focus on supporting student in their talents,
passion and interest. Also, it should diagnose and lead students to achieve
their varied goals for each student. The education system needs to be a
creativelearning.
Bytheinternetmovement,theauthoritythatteachersknowmoreinformation
thanstudentswillnothappenanymorebecauseaninternetcanprovidemore
informationthanteacherandmobiledevicesenableforgooglinganytimeand
anywhere.Hencetheroleofteacherswouldbecomehelpingstudentstodeal
withoverloadedinformationcreatively.
Creativity
In Tibet define creativity as natural beings. According to Kelley (2013 p.6),
"[T]here is no word in Tibetan language for 'creativity' or 'being creative.' the
closesttranslationis'natural'.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobemorecreative,
you just have to be more natural." Being natural, for example, is like back in
kindergarten. Kids always play and experiment new things without afraid of
socialrejection,whichwastoughwhentheygrowup.

Naturally,wearecreativesothisisthesituationthatwehavetorethinkabout
creativelearning.
CyberneticDreams
Effectoneducation
Theeducationalperceptionthattocompleteataskequalstounderstandcould
be incorrect in an internet era. According to Ivan Illichs Cybernetic dreams
(1987), students can use a ton of information and material, on an internet to
feed their works, essays or presentations without any sense about what they
havedone.Bytheeasiestprocessintheworld,whichcandoanything,copy+
paste, willingness, gut, ambition, even the interests of the students would
decline because education becomes the process of reaching the standard or
the status, does not considering to individual motivation of students.
Moreover, they will be lack of internal motivation and become a robot in the
economicsystem.
DrivebyanIntrinsicMotivation
For a brief introduction about motivation, motivation means moving to do
something. It has been distinguished between intrinsic motivation, which
comes from inherent interests, and extrinsic motivation, which lead to an
outcome.
This essay focuses on growing an intrinsic motivation, because it is important
inadvancedlearningandcreativity,regardingtoRyanandDeci(2000,p.55)in
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations. Also, it can drive the learning process
naturally, with fun, challenge, novelty, cognitive dissonance or optimal
incongruity (Oudeyer, PierreYves, & Kaplan, Frederic: 2007, p.4). This essay
tendstoexploreaboutanalternativelearningcommunitybyusingtheinternal
motivationasakeyofselfdeveloping.
RevealingtheMotivations
Thetrackingtechnologycancollectapersonaldatawhichcanuseforanalysing
the user behaviour or thinking, such as UP the smart wristband for reporting
health quality. Also the internal motivation can be seen on internet
behaviours; the searching keywords; the clicked links; the spent time on each
content.Moreover,themobiledevicealsocanusefortrackingthemotivation

place by GPS. These processes will report personal data which can use the
programmeforanalysingindividualmotivation.
TalentToday (https://www.talentoday.com), for an example of the motivation
revealing, allows internet users to create a profile of their abilities and
motivations from taking a personality questionnaire. And it separate
motivationinto8types;(1)socialrecognition,(2)pay,(3)security,(4)private/
professional life, (5) philanthropy, (6) need to belong, (7) need for relations
and(8)needforvariety.Eventhemotivationinthiswebsitescopesinthearea
ofworking,thoughthiscouldbetheclearexampleofamotivationalanalysis.

FIGURE 4 MOTIVATION DIAGRAM FROM THE PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE IN TALENTTODAY

Motivationforcollaborating isabit different from themotivationfor learning
because collaborating will focus on expected outcome but learning could be
lookingatsatisfaction
Summary
Curiosity, interest and passion are the effective driven forces. They would be
lost in the development of the traditional education system. Also, this essay
calls them the inner motivation and tends to bring it back by using them to
lead the learning process. This could grow the area of interest and encourage
achievingapersonalgoal.

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3.0 Inner-motivation
Motivationinlearningtechnology
The internet is a place where everything linked together, also the exploration
on the internet could reflect the individual interests of the users, the inner
motivations. By observing internet activities (figure**), especially searching, it
represents that internet activity does not direct to one output only; it also
providesthecontextofthefirstinterestforgrowingyourinterestbyclick.

[]
FIGURE 5 AN INTERNET JOURNEY
The ending results would be an unrelated website, such as 9gag.com or cat
pictures, or an unseen island of new knowledge, but they also can reflect to
the innermotivation of the users. I am very interested in the journey from
trackingthisprogress.Fromonlyonejourney,itcanrepresentmanydifferent
areas of interest from one user, and by continuing to collect this data, it is
possible to draw a map of interest and showing the innermotivation of each
user.
Innermotivationtracker
The innermotivation tracker could answer Dr Nick Udall (2014, p.37) in his
bookRidingthecreativerollercoaster.
that what is needed now are educational systems that teach us how to know
ourselves (our talents, passions, dreams, hopes, and fears), how to be curious,
hungry learners; how to see beauty in diversity; how to develop multiple ways of
knowing;

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Furthermore,byrevealingtheinnermotivations,itcanbeusedtodevelopand
customizealearningsystemforachievingpersonalgoals.Sothisessayfocuses
on two main effects of innermotivations in learning process on the internet
and networking system: (1) starting the first step of learning; (2) improving
knowledgeorskills.
3.1.Supportingthefirststep
Thefirststepisimportantandrelevant.
Byseeingowninnermotivation,itcanhelptodefinetheunknownareaswhich
possibly support. The starting point or basic skills are also very important for
lighting up new areas of individual interest, such as tutorial, how to, YouTube
and cooking recipe. The inner motivation can be seen as the seed. And the
networkofaccessibleinformationsupportstheinnermotivationconditionsto
beplanted,andthemotivationcanbethrivebywatering.
Diversity
Consequently, from the easy starting point also affect to the learners can get
diversity of knowledge and skills. The learners can customize own curriculum.
This leads to the difficulty in defining the role follow the traditional job
principle,whichvaluestheemployeesabilitybygraduation.
Moreover,someonlineacademiccourseslaunchedbyuniversitiescanprovide
certification. However, the learning behaviours driven by individual interests
are difficult to certify. Without feedback system, this discourages the
motivationinselflearning.
Actually, the technology of tracking system could be used in reporting and
showing feedback. This system can be developed to show the progress and
evidenceoflearninginanyarea.Itpossiblechangetheviewsoflearnersform
havetogotheretogetthistobeIcanbuildmyselfeverywhere.
I believe that learning is writing own future resumes, and also learning is how
we create our life. Life can be diverse because nobody is same. To improve
ourselvesrequiresarightfeedback.
3.2.Improvingknowledgeorskills.
Creativity
Creativity is such a simple and natural process of combination two or more
things with the opened mind for unexpected outcome. From the freedom in

12

accessibility to areas of interests, this enables learners to gain the diversity of

knowledge, skills and disciplines. So learning process becomes nonlinear,
whichisagoodconditionforimprovingcreativity.
Also, the freedom to experiment is very necessary for improving creatively.
Programmingcouldbeanexampleforlearningandexperimentinginthesame
time by investing strong passion and time in it. The creative improvement of
disciplinary possibly supports individual independent roles to be happened.
Thisindependentrolewouldnotbeclearlydefinedinastandardstatusmodel;
it should be defined by profiling the area of motivations and the creative
experiments. Futures of learning would not consider in what do the learners
get?buthowthelearnerscansynergizetheirdiversedisciplines?
Map
Lostthetrack
Some people could argue that learning from internet is difficult to achieve an
advanced or complex skill, which need the development in depth. Because of
overloaded information, it makes selflearning on the internet would develop
onlyinwiderange.
Ontheotherhands,thatsituationcouldbeseenasgettinglostininformation.
Itcouldbefixedbycreatingamap.Ifthelearnerscanseewheretheyandtheir
goals are also the feedback showing their achievement, the learners could
decidetheirtrackofdevelopmentbythemselves.
This chapter explain about the potential of revealing the innermotivation to
individual improvement. However, the strongest potential of internet is
connectivity. In the next chapter, this essay will introduce the situation by
connecting the innermotivation with other people. Moreover, there is a
community of motivation, where connect diversity interest together and the
internet users can merge innermotivation that can create a big impact to
improvementandproductivity.

13

4.0 Collaborative inner-motivation

Motivationasforce
Motivationcouldbeseenastheforcetodothings.Regardingtoforceinphysic
theory; merge the same direction forces together will strengthen the forces;
mergetheoppositedirectionforcestogetherwillweakentheforces.However,
the different direction forces do not have to be merged, but can be used to
achieve different goals. This theory of force also could be used to organize
differentmotivationfromdifferentpeople.
From the system of tracking individual motivation, this kind of data can be
usedtodevelopandguideinlearningandcreating.
Reinforcemotivation
Communitywithsameinnermotivation
Firstly, the motivation can drive that person to that direction, but sometime
thatmotivationisnotstrongenough.Intheother ways,ifmanypersonswho
have similar motivation are collected together, the driving force will be
stronger.

FIGURE 6 COMPARING MOTIVATIONS WITH FRIENDS IN TALENTTODAY

14

Forexample,TalentTodaycollectspersonalabilityandmotivationoftheusers
andallowsthemtocomparewiththeirfriends.
Togetherwegrow
By matching people who has a similar kind of motivation together, they can
supporteachothertoachievetheirgoals.Alsoitcanraisemutualrelationship
between people in discussion and knowledge exchange. And also this can
improve learning speed for the low experience users; they will realize and
learnfromthehigherexperienceusers.
Put the right man together and productivity and creativity would increase by
thegoodcombinationoftheteam.
CommunityofMotivation
Openlearningandopenskill:Skillshare
The community of motivation is a concept of the space for sharing individual
innermotivation with others. Firstly, it has a potential to be a selfdeveloping
centerbysharingskillandknowledgeincommunity.
Organizing
Moreover,thiscommunitycouldencouragethememberstobemakerswitha
tool for searching the right persons for collaborating in a bigger project or
experimental,whichneedssupportingindifferentareaofability.

FIGURE 7 ORGANIZE MOTIVATIONS IN COMMUNITY

15

Furthermore,
Futureofdesignrole
Theproductionauthorityofdesignerwouldbedeclinedinthesituationwhich
the individual motivation becomes stronger that passive consumer mindset.
Designers should understand this movement and adapt their role to be as
facilitatorsforapersonorgroupswhichwanttocreatethings.
Selfreflection
For me as a creative catalyst, the community of motivation could encourage
the members to be creative and productive. Also the members would be
interested in developing their own creativity because now they know how to
useitandtheyknowtheycancreatetheirownrole.
Thissystemcouldbeusedastoolsforeducationwhichismymainlyconcerned
topic in this time. Because while I am studying at Goldsmiths, I found the
educationsysteminThailand,myhometown,hasmanyproblems,especiallyin
creativityanddiversity.
This essay only introduces some potential and opportunities to transform the
current education system. Moreover, I hope this essay can make the readers
rethinkandquestionabouttheeducationsystemincurrenteducationsystem
torecreatethenewsystemsthatcansupportthedevelopmentofhumanity.

16

Appendix
WhileIamdoingthisproject,Itriedtousetoolsfortrackingmyactivities.
Visualdiary:24hourswheels
The simple visual dairy, which manually records daily activities, is easy to
recognise and compare with other day. This tool helps me to find the happy
proportionforme,alsotheproductiveproportion.Moreover,bycolouringthis
diagram by the user, this affects the user to concern on their activities more
spontaneously.

FIGURE 8 24 HOURS WHEELS

RescueTime:
This application can record every activity on computer. I found the feedback
fromthistrackingsystemisveryusefulforrealizingmyunconsciousactivities.
Moreover, I think this feedback data could be translated to the tracking user
interestandhiddenmotivation,whichIwillstudyfurtherin.

FIGURE 9 RESCUETIME: WEB-BASED TRACKING APPLICATION

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Oudeyer,PierreYves,&Kaplan,Frederic.(2007).WhatisIntrinsic
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Udall,N.(2014).RidingtheCreativeRollercoaster:Howleadersevoke
creativity,productivityandinnovation.London:KoganPage.