1. You are starting a new rotation in a Drosophila lab.

While looking at some of the lab

stocks to familiarize yourself with flies, you notice a female with a spotted body
phenotype in a vial of wildtype flies. You decide you want to characterize this mutation
further. First, you cross the fly to a male wildtype fly to see if the mutation is dominant or
recessive. alf of the progeny flies from this cross are spotted, and half have wildtype
pigmentation, so you conclude that the mutation is dominant, and the spotted flies are
heterozygous at the mutant locus.
1a. Your ne!t step is to map the mutation to a chromosome. "iven the following strains,
what crosses would you perform to show that the spotted body mutation maps to the #
chromosome$ %nclude your e!pected results if the mutation does or does not map to the #
chromosome.
&train genotype Description
Sp ' ( )utant strain heterozygous for the spotted
body mutation
F)*'Y )ales containing an # chromosome
balancer with a dominant bar eye
phenotype
+',y- +. chromosome / marker that causes a
dominant lobe0shaped eye phenotype,
recessive lethal
,y-. chromosome / balancer that has a
dominant curly0winged phenotype,
recessive lethal
('(, ('Y )ale and female wildtype flies
Assuming same chromosome:
Female sp/+ x male FM7/Y

Progeny: sp/Y, sp/FM7, FM7/+, +/Y
Pick sp/FM7 flies (spotte !oy !ar eye phenotype"
Female sp/FM7 x male +/Y

Progeny: sp/Y, sp/+, FM7/Y, FM7/+
#ee flies that are either !ar$eye or spotte !oy, ne%er !oth&
'f not the same chromosome: same crosses, !ut some flies in the F( generation )ill
!e !oth !ar$eye an spotte !oy&
1b. You do this cross and confirm that the mutation maps to the # chromosome.
owever, you also notice something strange. During the crosses, you never found a
spotted body male, only females. What are two possible e!planations for this$
*his mutation coul !e recessi%e lethal& #ince females ha%e one )iltype copy, they
still sur%i%e& +o)e%er, since males only ha%e , - chromosome, they on.t ha%e /*,
so they ie& Another possi!ility is that this mutation affects a male$specific acti%ity,
an is therefore male$specific lethal& 'n this case, females homo0ygous for the
mutation shoul still sur%i%e&
1c. You decide you want to map e!actly where the mutation lies on the # chromosome.
1o do so, you cross spotted body females with a true breeding strain containing recessive
mutations b and c 2note. these are 3ust placeholders, % don4t know many # chromosome
markers5. You take the spotted body females from this cross and cross them to b and c
males. 1he phenotypes of the F/ progeny are listed in the table below.
F/ 6henotype 7umber
Wildtype 898
&potted //:;
b mutant phenotype ;8
c mutant phenotype 1;1
&potted b mutant *<
&potted c mutant //
b mutant c mutant ::=>
&potted b mutant c mutant 1;/
1otal *;99
Draw a map of the 8 genes that includes the gene order and the distances between
ad3acent genes.
*he spotte flies all must !e females& 'n orer to simplify things, )e can etermine
the istances using only the female progeny, so )e on.t ha%e to )orry a!out the
ea males& /e can assume there )ere actually ,1,111 progeny, since 2 of the males
)oul ie& *hat means 3111 of the progeny are female&
#mallest num!er 4 567 4 spotte c mutant& *his inicates that the orer is sp$c$!&
#p$c istance: 8((((" + ,3((("9/3111 4 1&17 4 7cM
c$! istance: 87:((" + (((("9/3111 4 1&1; 4 ;cM
sp$$$7cM<c<;cM<!
1d. ?sing mosaic analysis, you would like to determine whether being homozygous
mutant would be lethal for females. "iven the following reagents and strains, briefly
e!plain how you would do this. What would you e!pect if the mutations were lethal$ %f
they weren4t lethal$
"iven.
0 &train 1. heterozygous for spotted body and for a recessive marker on the #
chromosome @white eyes$A. Blso contains an FC1 site on the # chromosome.
0 F+6 recombinase
At an early stage of e%elopment, use the F=P recom!inase to inuce recom!ination
at the F>* sites& *his shoul result in some cells that !ecome )iltype at all
markers of the - chromosome, an some cells that are homo0ygous for sp an )&
'f the spotte homo0ygous mutation is lethal, )e shoul not see any cells expressing
the )hite mutant phenotype& 'f the homo0ygous mutation is not lethal, there )ill !e
patches of cells )ith the )hite mutant phenotype&
2%mprove this problem D use / recessive markers to make sure recombination takes place$
?se an eye0specific promoter$5
1e. From part d, you find out that sp is recessive lethal, so females with two copies of the
mutation also die. You would like to identify a temperature0sensitive allele of this gene in
order to e!amine its effect in males at different stages of development. E!plain the
crosses you would perform in order to do so given the following strains and a mutagen.
&train genotype Description
F)*'F)*, F)*'Y )ale and female flies with chromosome 1
balancer @see 1a for descriptionA
('(, ('Y Wildtype male and female flies
&p
1
D' ( D Female flies with original spotted body
mutation and dominant FDG marker
Mutageni0e +/Y males
+?/Y x sp 5/+ 5

Progeny: +?/sp 5, +?/+ 5, + 5/Y, sp 5/Y (ea"
Pick +?/sp 5 progeny
+?/sp 5 x FM7/Y

Progeny: +?/FM7, +?/Y, sp 5/FM7, sp 5/Y (ea"
Pick +?/Y progeny (sur%i%ing males"
+?/Y x sp 5/+ 5

Progeny: +?/sp 5, +?/ + 5, + 5/Y, sp 5/Y (ea"
Pick sp 5 progeny, shift to (@ egrees, see if it !ecomes lethal&
5ominant 5 mutation is use to ifferentiate original mutation an ne) one (in case
the ne) mutant has the same spotte !oy phenotype"