3

Continued from pg 2 with outline for unit 1 in essential of human disease and

conditions

By

Cindy fuller4

[Your Instructor’s Name]

Essential of human disease and conditions

[Date]

1
 3

OUTLINE TITLE

Infection on pg 5 genetic diseases on pg 6 and 7

I. Disease is caused by pathogens

A. The cardinal signs of a local infection

1. Redness, swelling, heat, pain, fever, pus, enlarged lymph glands,

and red streaks

A. Symptoms of widespread infection1.

1. Fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite,

and delirium

I. Disease-causing organisms find ideal living conditions to live and multiply

A. The way they cause diseases

1. Invading the body and destroying the local living tissues

1. Intoxication or making substances that are poisonous to the body

2. The results ;tissue damage that can cause the makings for systemic

involvement

A. The source for infection can be within the or outside the body

1. The way pathogenic organisms can be transmitted are direct and

indirect physical contact

1. Breathing in or drop of nuclei, eaten or swallowed bad food or

water, bitten by an insect animal

I. Pathogenic agents

A. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa (collective name for animal-like, single-

celled organisms, some of which may form colonies.) (refer to table 1-1 pg 6 for

common pathogens ect…)

1. Communicable or contagious disease is passed along by direct

contact from one person to another

1
 3

1. Carriers are asymptomatic persons or animals in their body’s they

carry pathogens that can be transferred to others

A. The body’s natural defense systems

1. Natural mechanical and chemical barriers like; skin, the cilia, body

pH, and normal body flora

2. The inflammation response

3. The immune response

I. When he body cannot control or contain the infection then prompt medical

intervention is required to treat the host and to contain the disease

A. First by isolating and identifying the organism by lab. Test, after the test are

completed, the next step is antibiotic therapy, such as antibiotics , antifungal,

antiparasitic, or antiviral agents can be started; Analgesics for pain and

antipyretic agents for fever and other comfort measures and don’t forget get rest

and plenty of fluids are also important

B. Fundamentals for the prevention of the spread of certain infections; isolation

of the infected person when needed, execution of immunization programs, and

basic public health teaching

II. To facilitate early intervention and infection control measures

A. Some diseases have to be reported to the Center for Disease Control and

prevention ( CDC) ; such as encephalitis, syphilis, and tuberculosis

B. Hospital ; rely on breaking the chain of transmission by killing the pathogen

isolating infected person and using standard precaution procedures like hand

washing and sterilization to stoop cross- contamination to control postsurgical

bacterial

III. There are special concern coming to light

A. New virulent anti bio tic – resistant strains of bacteria (superbugs). This puts

in danger the young and healthy

1
 3

B. Methicillin- resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are showing

up in hospital, jails, crowded living places, and more community places

C. MRSA is the reason for bad skin and soft tissue infections : mistaken for

spider bites; these wounds quickly become abscesses and cellulitis

D. In addition to skin infections MRSA can cause fatal pneumonia, bone

infections, and a septicemia; it is also the main cause in hospital for post surgery

wound infections ; the pathogen can easily be transmitted from person to person

and can live a long time most everywhere in the environment

IV. Genetic diseases

A. The body holds the genetic code in every cell, which is pasted on from the

baby’s parents and ancestors.

B. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes

C. One chromosomes is from the father and one from the mother

D. The x and y chromosomes are the sex chromosomes,

E. The remaining 22 pairs are called autosomes

F. In one person’s body every cell in that body has the same chromosomes and

the same genetic code known as genotype

V. Karyotype is an ordered arrangement of photographs of a full chromosome set

( shown in fig1-2 on pg 7)

A. Genes are the basic of heredity; they are sm. stretches of DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule, situated at a specific place on a chromosome

VI. Genetic diseases

A. Produced by an abnormality in, or a mutation of , the genetic code in a single

gene

B. Caused by many abnormal genes ( making so called polygenic diseases)

C. Cause by the abnormal presence or absences of an entire chromosome

D. By alteration in the structure of chromosomes

1
 3

E. These harmful genetic mutations, or changes in the genetic code, that are

passed from generation to generation may occur spontaneously or be caused by

agents known to disrupt the normal sequence of DNA units

F. The things that can harm the DNA are: certain chemicals, radiation, and

viruses

VII.The main modes of inheritance for genetic diseases are:

A. Autosomal dominant

B. Autosomal recessive

C. X-linked ( sex - linked)

[Your Name]

[Your Instructor’s Name]

[Your Class]

[Date]

TITLE

First paragraph. All paragraphs in the body of the report are indented and

double-spaced.

Additional paragraphs.

1
 3

WORKS CITED

First reference. The text begins at the left margin of the paper. Lines are double-spaced.

When the entry is longer than one line, the second line is automatically indented.

Additional references.

1
 3

Checklist

VIII.The outline

 The introduction states the main topic or idea of the outline,

and the conclusion summarizes it.

 Each sub-topic describes the main idea for a paragraph.

 Supporting information and details for a sub-topic are listed

under the sub-topic, with each piece of information listed separately.

 When supporting information is listed under a sub-topic, there

are at least two pieces of information listed. If there is only one piece
of information to support a sub-topic, the information is included in
the sub-topic.
I. The paper

 The paper follows the organization of the outline.

 Each paragraph in the paper matches a sub-topic in the

outline, and presents the information and details listed under the sub-
topic.

 Each paragraph includes a topic sentence that summarizes

the main idea of the paragraph.

 Every sentence begins with a capital letter.

 Every sentence ends with a period, question mark, or

exclamation mark.

 All words are spelled correctly.

 There are no missing words.

I. Works cited

 Every source has a specific reference in the paper. Include

only the sources that are mentioned in the paper.

 Each entry follows the correct format for the type of reference.

 Entries are listed in alphabetical order, according to the

author’s last name.

2
 3

Tips for Writing Your Report

1 Create a schedule
 Identify the tasks you need to do.

 Arrange the tasks in the order you’ll need to do them.

 Estimate how long each task will take. Be sure to allow

enough time for editing and making changes.

 Identify the date the report is due, and then set a schedule
showing what work you’ll need to do each day in order to have your
report ready on time.
I. Add interest

 Use graphs and charts to illustrate an idea.

 Add a picture, photo, or drawing.

 Include a map.

 Find a quotation and use it to make your point.

I. Make every word count

 Choose words your reader will understand. Remember that

you want to communicate your ideas to the person reading your
paper.

 Avoid clichés.

 Use a thesaurus to replace overused words and find new

ways to express your ideas.