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(e) another layer of nerve cells and fibers; the Myenteric plexus or
the Auerbach’s plexus
(f) outer layer of smooth muscles arranged longitudinally .
Digestive juices:
A. Saliva:
Glands: parotid (serous) w/ Stensen’s duct
Submaxillary (mixed) w/ Wharthon’s duct
Sublingual (mucous) w/ Rivinus duct
Functions:
a) digestive
b) lubrication
c) solvent action
d) cleansing action – lysozyme
e) helps in articulation
f) for excretion – like in poisons
Gastric juices:
Types of Gastric secretory cells.
1. Parietal cell – elaborates hydrochloric acid and the gastric intrinsic
factor which is necessary for the optimal absorption of erythrocyte
maturing factor (vit. B 12)
2. Chief cell – secretes the proteolytic enzyme pepsin. Most of these
cell (parietal and chief cells) are present in the body and fundus of
the stomach.
3. Mucous cells – all regions of the stomach possesses cells which
secrete mucous and an alkaline fluid.
4. Antral “G” cells – secrete the hormone gastrin.
5. Surface epithelial cells of the stomach mucosa – secretes also an
alkaline fluid and insoluble mucus.
Pancreatic juice;
Acinar cells – secretes the different pancreatic digestive
enzymes.
Cells of the intercalated ducts (ductal cells) – secretes a
pancreatic juice, containing no enzymes, but
mostly water and electrolytes, mainly
bicarbonates.
Functions:
1. Digestive – amylase which hydrolyzes starch and
glycogen
- -lipase responsible for the
gastrointestinal digestion of fats.
Bile
Bile is approximately isotonic solution containing pigments, mixed bile
acid-lecithin-cholesterol micelles and iorganic electrolytes. It is
manufactured by the polygonal cells of the liver continuously, wether the
person is feeding or fasting. The hepatic cells secrete it into the bile
canaliculi, from which it passes into the hepatic duct and then the common
bile duct. If the bile is not needed, the bile is stored in the gallbladder.
Function of bile:
a) vehicle for excretion of pigments and other waste
products of metabolism.
b) Bile salts are necessary as solvents for cholesterol
c) Bile salts are also necessary for fat absorption and
digestion
d) Bile salts are important for optimal absorption of fat
soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)