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EVERYTHING MATHS
End of chapter exercises
Problem 1:
If is an integer, is an integer and is irrational, which of the following are rational
numbers?
Problem 2:
Write each decimal as a simple fraction.
0,12
0,006
1,59
Problem 3:
Show that the decimal is a rational number.
Problem 4:
a b c
b
a
c c
a
c
1
c
12,277

3,211

a
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Express as a fraction where (show all working).
Problem 5:
Write the following rational numbers to 2 decimal places.
1
Problem 6:
Round off the following irrational numbers to 3 decimal places.
Problem 7:
Use your calculator and write the following irrational numbers to 3 decimal places.
Problem 8:
Use your calculator (where necessary) and write the following numbers to 5 decimal places.
State whether the numbers are irrational or rational.
0,78

a
b
a, b Z
1
2
0,111111

0,999991

3,141592654...
1,618033989...
1,41421356...
2,71828182845904523536...
2
3
5
6
8

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Problem 9:
Write the following irrational numbers to 3 decimal places and then write each one as a
rational number to get an approximation to the irrational number.
3,141 592 654...
1,618 033 989...
1,414 213 56...
2,718 281 828 459 045 235 36...
Problem 10:
Determine between which two consecutive integers the following irrational numbers lie,
without using a calculator.
768

0,49

0,0016

0,25

36

1960

0,0036

8 0,04

5 80

5
10

20

30

5
3

3
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Problem 11:
Find two consecutive integers such that lies between them.
Problem 12:
Find two consecutive integers such that lies between them.
Problem 13:
Factorise:
10

3
20

3
30

3
7
15

9 a
2
36 m
2
9 81 b
2
16 25 b
6
a
2
m
2 1
9
5 5a
2
b
6
16b 81b a
4
10a +25 a
2
16 +56b +49 b
2
2 12ab +18 a
2
b
2
4 144 +48 b
2
b
8
b
5
(16 ) x
4
14x +7xy 14y 7x
2
7y 30 y
2
1 x + x
2
x
3
3(1 ) +p +1
2
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Problem 14:
Simplify the following:
Problem 15:
3(1 ) +p +1 p
2
x +y x
3
y
3
2x +1 x
2
y
4
4b( 1) +x(1 ) x
3
x
3
3 p
3 1
9
8 125 x
6
y
9
8 (2 +p)
3
(p +1)
3
a(a +4) (a 2)
2
(5a 4b)(25 +20ab +16 ) a
2
b
2
(2m3)(4 +9)(2m+3) m
2
(a +2b c)(a +2b +c)

p
2
q
2
p
p +q
pq p
2
+
2
x
x
2
2x
3

1
a +7
a +7
49 a
2
+16
x +2
2x
3

1 2a
4 1 a
2
a 1
2 3a +1 a
2
1
1 a

+2x x
2
+x +6 x
2
+2x +1 x
2
+3x +2 x
2
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Show that can be simplified to .
Problem 16:
What must be added to to make it equal to ?
Problem 17:
Evaluate if without using a calculator. Show your work.
Problem 18:
With what expression must be multiplied to get a product of ?
Problem 19:
With what expression must be divided to get a quotient of ?
Practise more questions like this
Answer 1:
(a) rational
(b) irrational
(c) irrational
(d) irrational
Answer 2:
1)

2)

(2x 1)
2
(x 3)
2
(x +2)(3x 4)
x +4 x
2
(x +2)
2
+1 x
3
x +1 x
2
x = 7,85
(a 2b) 8 a
3
b
3
27 +1 x
3
3x +1
+ = = =
1
10
2
100
12
100
6
10
3
5
=
6
1000
3
500
1 + + = 1
5 9 59
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3)

4)

Answer 3:
This is a rational number since both the numerator and the denominator are integers.
You can also see that the number is rational because it is a recurring decimal number.
Answer 4:
Answer 5:
1 + + = 1
5
10
9
100
59
100
10x = 122, 77777
100x = 1227, 777777777777
90x = 1105
=
1105
90
221
18
x = 3, 211
.
8
.
x = 3, 2118181818.. .
100x = 321, 18181818.. .
10000x = 32118, 181818.. .
9900x = 31797
x =
31797
9900
x = 0, 788888.. .
10x = 7, 88888.. .
100x = 78, 88888.. .
90x = 71
x =
71
90
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a) To write to two decimal places we must convert to the decimal form.
b) To write to two decimal places just add a comma and two 0's: 1,00
c) We mark where the cut-off point is, determine if it has to be rounded up or not and then
write the answer. In this case there is a 1 after the cut-off point so we do not round up. The
final answer is:
d) Repeat the steps in c) but this time, round up. The answer is:
Answer 6:
We mark where the cut off point is, determine if it has to be rounded up or not and then
write the answer.
a) 3,142 (round up as there is a 5 after the cut off point)
b) 1,618 (no rounding as there is a 0 after the cut off point)
c) 1,414 (no rounding as there is a 2 after the cut off point)
d) 2,718 (round up as there is a 2 after the cut off point)
Answer 7:
a)

b)

c)

d)
= 0, 50
1
2
0, 11111 0, 11 1

0, 99999 1, 00 1

1, 414
1, 732
2, 236
2, 449
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Answer 8:
Irrational Irrational Rational Rational Rational
Rational Irrational Rational Rational
Irrational
Answer 9:
a)

b)

c)

d)
Answer 10:
2 and 3 3 and 4 4 and 5 5 and 6 1 and 2 2 and 3 3 and 4 4 and 5
Answer 11:
2; 3
Answer 12:
3; 4
Answer 13:
(a)

2, 82843 27, 71281 0, 70000 0, 04000
0, 500000 6, 00000 44, 27189 0, 06000
8(0, 2) = 4, 00000 44, 72136
3, 142 = 3 = 3
142
1000
71
500
1, 618 = 1 = 1
618
1000
309
500
1, 414 = 1 = 1
414
1000
207
500
2, 718 = 2 =
718
1000
359
500
9 = (a 3)(a + 3) a
2
36 = (m + 6)(m6)
2
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(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)
Answer 14:
36 = (m + 6)(m6) m
2
9 81 = (3b 9)(3b + 9) b
2
16 25 = (4b + 5a)(4b 5a) b
2
a
2
( ) = (m + )(m ) m
2 1
9
1
3
1
3
5 5 = 5(1 ) = 5(1 a )(1 + a ) a
2
b
6
a
2
b
6
b
3
b
3
16b 81b = b(16 81) = b(4 + 9)(4 9) = b(4 + 9)(2a + 3)(2a 3) a
4
a
4
a
2
a
2
a
2
10a + 25 = (a 5)(a 5) a
2
16 + 56b + 49 = (4b + 7)(4b + 7) b
2
2 12ab + 18 = (2a 6b)(a 3b) a
2
b
2
4 144 + 48 = 4 (36 12 + 1) = 4 (6 1)(6 1) b
4
b
8
b
5
b
2
b
6
b
3
b
2
b
3
b
3
(4 )(4 + ) = (2 x)(2 + x)(4 + )
2 2 2
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a)

b)

c)

d)

e)
Answer 15:



Answer 16:
1.

2.
(4 )(4 + ) = (2 x)(2 + x)(4 + ) x
2
x
2
x
2
(7 14x) + (7xy 14y) = 7x(x 2) + 7y(x 2) x
2
= (x 2)(7x + 7y)
= 7(x 2)(x + y)
(y 10)(y + 3)
(1 x) (1 x) = (1 x)(1 ) = (1 x)(1 x)(1 + x) x
2
x
2
3(1 p)(1 + p) + (p + 1) = (p + 1)[3(1 p) + 1] = (p 1)(3p 2)
x(1 ) + y(1 ) = x(1 x)(1 + x) + y(1 y)(1 + y) x
2
y
2
x(x 2) + (1 )(1 + ) = x(x 2) + (1 + y)(1 y)(1 + ) y
2
y
2
y
2
( 1)(4b x) = (x 1)( + x + 1)(4b x) x
3
x
2
3(p )( + + )
1
3
p
2
p
3
1
9
8 125 = (2 5 )(4 + 10 + 25 ) x
6
y
9
x
2
y
3
x
4
x
2
y
3
y
6
8 = [(p + 2) 2(p + 1)][ + 2(p + 2)(p + 1) + 4 ] (2 + p)
3
(p + 1)
3
(p + 2)
2
(p + 1)
2
= [p + 2 2p 2][ + 4p + 4 + 2 + 6p + 4 + 4 + 8p + 4] = (p)(12 + 18p + p
2
p
2
p
2
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Answer 17:
a)

b)

c)

d)
Answer 18:
e)

f) Write all the terms on a common denominator of and simplify:
Answer 19:


Answer 20:
4a + 4 4a = 8a + 4 a
2
a
2
125 64 a
3
b
3
(4 9)(4 + 9) = 16 81 m
2
m
2
m
4
= + 4ab + 4 (a + 2b)
2
c
2
a
2
b
2
c
2
= = 2pq +
(pq)(p+q)
p
p(pq)
p+q
(p q)
2
p
2
q
2
6x
= =
12+3 4 x
2
x
2
6x
12x
2
6x
2
x
x
6
= = 0
1
a+7
a+7
(a+7)(a7)
(a7)(a+7)
(a+7)(a7)
=
(x+2)+16(2 ) x
3
2x
3
32 +x+2 x
3
2x
3
+ = =
12a
(2a1)(2a+1)
a+4
(2a1)(a1)
1
a1
(a1)(a+4)+(2a1)
(2a1)(a1)
4
(2a1)(a1)
=
x(x+2)
(x+2)(x+3)
(x+1)(x+1)
(x+2)(x+1)
x(x+1)
(x+2)(x+3)
(2x 1)
2
(x 3)
2
=
(2x 1)(2x 1) (x 3)(x 3)
=
4 2x 2x + 1 ( 3x 3x + 9)
2 2
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Answer 21:
Suppose must be added to to make it equal to .
Therefore must be added to to make it equal to .
Answer 22:
We can factorise as . Therefore
Hence at the expression evaluates to .
Answer 23:
So the expression is:
Answer 24:
4 2x 2x + 1 ( 3x 3x + 9) x
2
x
2
=
(4 1) + (4 + 6)x + (1 9) x
2
=
3 + 2x 8 x
2
=
(3x 4)(x + 2)
A x + 4 x
2
(x + 2)
2
( x + 4) + A x
2
=
(x + 2)
2
A
=
(x + 2)(x + 2) ( x + 4) x
2
=
+ 2x + 2x + 4 + x 4 x
2
x
2
=
(1 1) + (2 + 2 + 1)x + (4 4) x
2
=
5x
5x x + 4 x
2
(x + 2)
2
+ 1 x
3
(x + 1)( x + 1) x
2
+1 x
3
x+1 x
2 =
(x+1)( x+1) x
2
x+1 x
2
= x + 1
x = 7, 85 x + 1 = 8, 85
(a 2b)( + 2ab + 4 ) = 8 a
2
b
2
a
3
b
3
+ 2ab + 4 a
2
b
2
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We can factorise the cubic as . Therefore, to get a
quotient of we must divide by .
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27 + 1 x
3
(3x + 1)(9 3x + 1) x
2
3x + 1 27 + 1 x
3
9 3x + 1 x
2