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ABSTRACT
The main objective of this paper is to implement simple methodology used in video coding without affecting the visual quality.
The desired video performances depend on applications requirements, in terms of quality, disks capacity and bandwidth. The
data quantity is very large for the digital video and the memory of the storage devices and the bandwidth of the transmission
channel are not infinite, so reducing the amount of data needed to reproduce video saves storage space, increases access speed
and is the only way to achieve motion video on digital computers. In this paper video Compression using Accordion Discrete
Cosine Transform (ACC-DCT) method is performed and analyzed. Video compression technologies have become an integral
part of the way we create, communicate and consume visual information .The main objective of this paper is apply simple
methodology in video coding used for video applications to reduce the amount of video data for stori ng or transmission
purposes without affecting the visual quality.

1. INTRODUCTION
Several video compression algorithms had been developed to reduce the data quantity and provide the acceptable
quality as possible as they can. This tutorial starts with an explanation of the basic concepts of video compression
algorithms and then introduces two international standards known as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2.
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) method is used to compress video. In principle, a motion picture is a rapid
sequence of a set of frames in which each frame is a picture. In other words, a frame is a spatial combination of pixels,
and a video is a temporal combination of frames that are sent one after another. Compressing video, then,
means spatially compressing each frame and temporally compressing a set of frames.

Spatial compression
The spatial compression of each frame is done with JPEG, or a modification of it. Each frame is a picture that can be
independently compressed.

Temporal compression
In temporal compression, redundant frames are removed. When we watch television, for example, we receive 30 frames
per second. However, most of the consecutive frames are almost the same. For example, in a static scene in which
someone is talking, most frames are the same except for the segment around the speakers lips, which changes from
one frame to the next.

Fig 1: MPEG frames
VIDEO COMPRESSION USING ACCORDIAN
DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM METHOD

Saif Ahmad
1
, Mohd. Maroof Siddiqui
2


1,2
Department of Electronics and Communication,
Integral University
IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
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Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


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2. Complete Construction Details of the Model


3. Three Dimensional Accordian Discrete Cosine Transform
We apply the DCT to reduce the spatial redundancy and achieve compression in JPEG. A straightforward idea is to
expand the 2-D DCT to the 3-D DCT for video sequences to remove the temporal redundancy.

4. Algorithm
STEP-1:Taking group of pictures from video frames (figure a) .GOP=10

Fig 2 a) GOP from 1 to 10 from video viptraffic.avi

STEP- 2: Construction of accordion image: From each GOP we combine the picture to make a single accordian image
prior to compression.An example of how to make accordian image/matrix is given in figure 2 a .For simplicity we have
taken GOP =3 and matrix of 3X3.

Fig2 b) GOP from 11 to 20 from video viptraffic .avi
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Similar to fig.2 b we take 10 GOP at each iteration as shown in figure2 b at next iteration GOP from 11 to 20 are
taken.
TABLE 1.1








Fig 3: Accordion Representation Example

Similar to example of fig 3we have constructed accordion image of GOP =10 .Where each image in a group was of size
120x160x3 after getting the accordion image we get an image 1200x160x3.One of the accordion image is shown in
figure d. This accordion image is obtained from GOP 11 to 20 (figure 4).

Fig 4: Accordian Image obtained from GOP 11 to 20

STEP- 3:Compresion and Decoding: After getting the accordion image we follow the video compression for each
GOP. Table 1.1 shows the results of video compression for each iteration.
Average PSNR of Viptraffic =33.7563
NET Compression of Viptraffic =Original file/Compressed file =9.9415

Step 4: Decompression and Decoding: After compression we can perform decompression of video to compare the
mean square error. Figure e shows the accordion image obtained after reconstruction from compressed video.

Plot
GP OF PICS C.R. PSNR
1 to 10 1.56 Bits / pixel 37.187
11 to 20 1.9292 Bits / pixel 35.2606
21 to 30 2.8453 Bits / pixel 33.0478
31 to 40 3.1347 Bits / pixel 32.9985
41 to 50 3.1809 Bits / pixel 34.8062
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Fig5: Original Accordian image and reconstructe image

After decompression we can see figure 5 (a and b).In both images we can see that there is very slight difference in color
and contrast of both images.There is no large degradation in reconstructed video.
Step 5:Reconstruction of Original image from accordion image: In thefigure 5 (a and b) we have shown the image
obtained after reconstruction .We can compare both video frames quality,color contrast and losses.
Similar to ACC-DCT compression we performed only DCT compression on same videos to analyze our result in
reference to compression ratio and PSNR. We obtained following results for DCT based video compression

Fig 6: Original video before compression


Fig 7: Video obtained after decompression/decoding
PLOT (DCT)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
6
7
8
9
10
compression ratio vs Frame
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n

r
a
t
i
o


0 20 40 60 80 100 120
30
31
32
33
PSNR vs Frame
P
S
N
R

PLOT(ACC-DCT)
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
5
10
15
20
compression ratio vs Frame
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n

r
a
t
io


0 2 4 6 8 10 12
30
32
34
36
38
PSNR vs Frame
P
S
N
R


However compression rate is not only the main issue we should also care about error in original and reconstructed
video.These errors cannot be removed because of losses during quantization and DCT coefficient approximation.But
they can be reduced to meet the human eye perception.From the plot we can observe that using ACC-DCT based
compression we are getting higher PSNR in comparision to DCT compression.Hence these technique is better than
DCT video compression in both point of consideration

5. Conclusion
In this paper, we productively extended and implement a video compression using Accordian Discrete cosine
algorithm on MATLAB and provided experimental results to show that our technique is better than the existing
methods. We not only improved the coding competence in the proposed encoding algorithm but also it reduces
complexity. When SVC coding scenario meets these circumstances, proposed method should be useful. With the
apparent gains in compression efficiency we foresee that the proposed method could open new horizons in video
compression domain; it strongly exploits temporal being without a job with the minimum of processing complexity
which facilitates its completion in video embedded systems. It presents some useful functions and features which can be
exploited in some domains as video surveillance.

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivatin........ Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2014 ISSN 2321-5984


Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2014 Page 6

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