ABSTRACT : Many countries have guidelines on how to provide basic life support (BLS) which are formulated by professional medical bodies in those countries. The guidelines outline algorithms for the management of a number of conditions, such as cardiac arrest, chocing and drowning. BLS generally does not include the use of drugs or invasive sills. Most laypersons can master BLS sills after attending a short course. BLS is also immensely useful for many other professions, such as daycare providers, teachers and security personnel and social worers especially woring in the hospitals and ambulance drivers. Basic life support consists of a number of life!saving techni"ues focused on the medicine #$%B&s (previously nown as %B$, was recently changed by the %merican 'eart %ssociation) of pre!hospital emergency care( $irculation( providing an ade"uate blood supply to tissue, especially critical organs, so as to deliver o)ygen to all cells and remove metabolic waste, via the perfusion of blood throughtout the body. %irway( the protection and maintenance of a clear passageway for gases (principally o)ygen and carbon dio)ide) to pass between the lungs and the atmosphere. Breathing( inflation and deflation of the lungs (respiration) via the airway *eywords( basic life support, laypersons, %merican 'eart %ssociation * Coassistant FK Universitas Trisakti 23 Maret 2014 26 April 2014 1 ** Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi i !"U #SUD Kota Se$arang ABSTRAK !an%ak negara $e$iliki pan&an tentang 'ara &nt&k $e$(erikan (ant&an )i&p asar ata& basic life support *!"S+ %ang ir&$&skan ole) (aan $eis pro,esional i negara-negara. /eo$an garis algorit$a &nt&k pengelolaan se0&$la) konisi1 seperti serangan 0ant&ng1 tersenak an tenggela$. !"S &$&$n%a tiak ter$as&k pengg&naan o(at ata& ketera$pilan invasi,. Ke(an%akan a2a$ apat $eng&asai ketera$pilan !"S setela) $engik&ti k&rs&s singkat. !"S 0&ga sangat (erg&na &nt&k pro,esi lain1 seperti te$pat pen%eia penitipan anak1 g&r&1 pet&gas kea$anan an peker0a sosial ter&ta$a %ang (eker0a i r&$a) sakit an sopir a$(&lans. D&k&ngan )i&p asar teriri ari se0&$la) teknik %ang $en%ela$atkan 0i2a i,ok&skan paa 3CA!4s *se(el&$n%a ikenal se(agai A!C an (ar&-(ar& ini i&(a) ole) %merican 'eart %ssociation pra-r&$a) sakit pera2atan ar&rat+5 Sirk&lasi5 $en%eiakan pasokan ara) ke 0aringan1 &nt&k $e$(erikan oksigen ke se$&a sel an $e$(&ang sa$pa) $eta(olik1 $elal&i per,&si ara) ke sel&r&) t&(&). 6alan na,as5 perlin&ngan an pe$eli)araan 0alan %ang 0elas &nt&k gas *ter&ta$a oksigen an kar(on ioksia+ &nt&k $ele2ati antara par&-par& an at$os,er. /erna,asan5 in,lasi an e,lasi par&-par& *respirasi+ $elal&i 0alan napas Kata k&n'i5 !ant&an 7i&p Dasar1 a2a$1 %merican 'eart %ssociation 2 PENDAHULUAN !ant&an )i&p asar ata& basic life support *!"S+ aala) penekatan siste$atik &nt&k penilaian perta$a pasien1 $engakti,kan respon ga2at ar&rat an 0&ga inisiasi C/# ata& #6/ %ait& res&sitasi 0ant&ng par&. #6/ %ang e,ekti, aala) engan $engg&nakan ko$presi an ilan0&tkan engan ventilasi. !"S (ole) ilak&kan ole) orang a2a$ an 0&ga orang %ang terlati) ala$ (iang kese)atan. 8ni (er$aks& #6/ (ole) ilak&kan an ipela0ari okter1 pera2at1 para $eis an 0&ga orang a2a$. Keaaan i $ana terapat kegagalan perna,asan %ang (ole) $en%e(a(kan systemic cardiopulmonary arrest *SCA+ aala) seperti ke'elakaan1 sepsis1 kegagalan respiratori1 s&en in,ant eat) s%nro$e an (an%ak lagi Men&r&t %merican 'eart %ssociation1 rantai ke)i&pan $e$p&n%ai )&(&ngan erat engan tinakan res&sitasi 0ant&ng par&1 kerana penerita %ang i(erikan #6/1 $e$p&n%ai kese$patan %ang a$at (esar &nt&k apat )i&p ke$(ali. /asien %ang ite$&kan ala$ keaaan tiak saar iri ata& $engala$i pen&r&nan perna,asan selal& ias&$si $e$p&n%ai gangg&an SCA terle(i) a)&l&. #6/ %ang ig&nakan ir&0&k kepaa peo$an ari A$eri'an 7eart Asso'iation %ait& 2010 %M+,-$%. '+%,T %SS/$-%T-/. 01-2+L-.+S 3/, $%,2-/41LM/.%,5 ,+S1S$-T%T-/. %.2 +M+,0+.$5 $%,2-/6%S$1L%,$%,+. 8ni $er&pakan aaptasi aripaa (&k& A!C o, res&s'itation %ang it&lis ole) /eter Sa,ar perta$a kali paa ta)&n 19:;. Terapat (e(erapa pe$(a)ar&an paa peo$an paa ta)&n 2010 an %ang a)&l& %ait& paa ta)&n 200:. /aa ta)&n 20101 terapat pe$(a)ar&an %ang (esar i $ana ko$presi ia)&l&i se(el&$ ventilasi. 3 DEFINISI #es&sitasi $e$(a2a $aks& $eng)i&pkan ke$(ali engan &sa)a-&sa)a %ang apat ilak&kan &nt&k $en'ega) s&at& episoe )enti 0ant&ng (erlan0&t $en0ai ke$atian (iologis. #es&sitasi 0ant&ng par& *#6/+ aala) &pa%a $enge$(alikan ,&ngsi na,as ata& sirk&lasi %ang (er)enti ole) $ana-$ana se(a( an (ole) $e$(ant& $e$&li)kan ke$(ali ,&ngsi ke&a 0ant&ng an par& ke keaaan nor$al. !ant&an )i&p asar ata& basic life support *!"S+ ter$as&k $engenali 0ika ter0ain%a serangan 0ant&ng1 aktivasi respon siste$ ga2at ar&rat1 an e,i(rilasi engan $engg&nakan e,i(rillator. 112 INDIKASI 8nikasi ala$ pe$(erian (ant&an )i&p asar5 1. 7enti na,as 7enti na,as pri$er * ,espiratory arrest + apat ise(a(kan ole) (an%ak )al1 $isaln%a serangan stroke1 kera'&nan o(at1 tenggela$1 in)alasi asap < &ap < gas1 o(str&ksi 0alan na,as ole) (ena asing1 tersengat listrik1 tersa$(ar petir1 serangan in,ark 0ant&ng1 raang epiglottis1 ter'ekik * suffocation +1 tra&$a an lain lainn%a. S&$(atan 0alan na,as apat total ata& partial. 113 Tana-tana o(str&ksi partial5 1. Strior *na,asn%a (er(&n%i+1 terengar seperti ngorok1 (&n%i k&$&r-k&$&r ata& $elengking. 2. #etraksi otot aa keala$ iaera) s&pra'lavi'&lar1 s&prasternal1 sela iga an epigastri&$ sela$a inspirasi 4 3. =a,as paraoksal *paa 2akt& inspirasi ining aa $en0ai 'ek&ng<atar (&kann%a $enge$(ang< $e$(esar+. 4. !alon 'aangan paa $esin anestesi ke$(ang ke$pisn%a $ele$a). :. =a,as $akin (erat an s&lit *ker0a otot-otot na,as $eningkat+. 6. Sianosis1 $er&pakan tana )ipokse$ia aki(at o(str&ksi 0alan na,as %ang le(i) (erat. 113
Tana-tana o(str&ksi total5 Ser&pa engan o(str&ksi partial1 akan tetapi ge0alan%a le(i) )e(at an strior 0&str& $eng)ilang 1. #etraksi le(i) 0elas. 2. gerak paraoksal le(i) 0elas. 3. Ker0a otot na,as ta$(a)an $eningkat an $akin 0elas. 4. !alon 'aangan tiak ke$(ang ke$pis lagi. :. Sianosis le(i) 'epat ti$(&l. /aa saat a2al ter0ain%a )enti na,as oksigen *>?+ $asi) (erear ala$ ara) &nt&k (e(erapa $enit an 0ant&ng $asi) (eren%&t se)ingga ara) $asi) isirk&lasikan kesel&r&) t&(&) ter$as&k organ vital lain%a ter&ta$a otak. !ila paa keaaan ini i(erikan (ant&an na,as akan sangat (er$an,aat an apat $en'ega) ter0ain%a )enti 0ant&ng. 113
Hubungan Kondisi Rumah Dengan Penyakit TBC Paru Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Karangmojo II Kabupaten Gunungkidul Tahun 2003 - 2006 Pendahuluan Latar Belakang