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This document discusses various English quantifiers and how they are used with countable and uncountable nouns. It explains the differences between quantifiers that indicate a positive or negative attitude towards quantity, such as "a few" versus "few". It also covers graded quantifiers that indicate increasing or decreasing scale, such as "more" and "less". The document provides examples of quantifiers used with different types of nouns and in different contexts.
This document discusses various English quantifiers and how they are used with countable and uncountable nouns. It explains the differences between quantifiers that indicate a positive or negative attitude towards quantity, such as "a few" versus "few". It also covers graded quantifiers that indicate increasing or decreasing scale, such as "more" and "less". The document provides examples of quantifiers used with different types of nouns and in different contexts.
This document discusses various English quantifiers and how they are used with countable and uncountable nouns. It explains the differences between quantifiers that indicate a positive or negative attitude towards quantity, such as "a few" versus "few". It also covers graded quantifiers that indicate increasing or decreasing scale, such as "more" and "less". The document provides examples of quantifiers used with different types of nouns and in different contexts.
These expressions show the speaker's attitude towards the quantity he/she is referring to. A few (for countable nouns) and a little (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity in a positive way: "'!e got a few friends". (" #aybe not #any$ but enough) "'!e got a little #oney". (" '!e got enough to li!e on) Few and little describe the quantity in a negative way: Few people !isited hi# in hospital. (" he had al#ost no !isitors) %e had little #oney. (" al#ost no #oney) Graded Quantifiers They are like coparatives and hold a relati!e position on a scale of increase or decrease.
IN!REASE "#$ to %##$& &ith plural countable nouns an' ore ost &ith uncountable nouns uc( ore ost )E!REASE "%##$ to #$& &ith plural countable nouns few fewer fewest &ith uncountable nouns: little less least ' (xa#ples: There are an' people in )oland$ ore in ndia$ but the ost people li!e in *hina. *uc( ti#e and #oney is spent on education$ ore on health ser!ices but t(e ost is spent on national defense. Few ri!ers in (urope aren+t polluted. Fewer people die young now than in the nineteenth century. The country with t(e fewest people per square kilo#etre #ust be ,ustralia. -cientists ha!e little hope of finding a co#plete cure for cancer before ./0/. -he had less ti#e to study than did but had better results. 1i!e that dog the least opportunity and it will bite you. Quantifiers wit( counta+le and uncounta+le nouns -o#e ad2ecti!es and ad2ecti!al phrases can only go with uncountable nouns (salt$ rice$ #oney$ ad!ice)$ and so#e can only go with countable nouns (friends$ bags$ people). The words in the #iddle colu#n can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
,it( Uncounta+le Nouns ,it( -ot( ,it( !ounta+le Nouns %ow #uch3 %ow #uch3 or %ow #any3 %ow #any3 a little no/none a few a bit (of) not any a nu#ber (of) so#e (any) se!eral a great deal of a lot of a large nu#ber of a large a#ount of plenty of a great nu#ber of a large quantity of lots of a #a2ority of 4ote: uc( and an' are used in negati!e and question for#s. ' (xa#ple: .ow uc( #oney ha!e you got3 .ow an' cigarettes ha!e you s#oked3 There's not uc( sugar in the cupboard. There weren/t an' people at the party. They are also used with too, "not& so, and "not& as There were too an' people at the party. t's a proble# when there are so an' people. There's not so uc( work to do this week. n positi!e state#ents$ we use a lot of: '!e got a lot of work this week. There were a lot of people at the concert. Quantifiers 1 Soe and An' 0 Soet(ing, An't(ing 0 Soew(ere, An'w(ere Soe and An' -o#e n positi!e state#ents. ga!e hi# so#e #oney. &e bought so#e food. ,ny n negati!e state#ents. -he didn't ha!e any #oney. couldn't find any books. Soe and an' are used with counta+le and uncounta+le nouns$ to describe an indefinite or inco#plete a#ount. ' Soe is used in positive stateents1 t is also used in questions where we are sure about the answer. 56id he gi!e you soe tea37 (" '# sure he did.) 5s there soe fruit 2uice in the fridge37 (" think there is) Soe is used w(ere t(e 2uestion is not a re2uest for inforation, but a way of #aking a request$ encouraging or gi!ing an in!itation. 5*ould ha!e soe books$ please37 5&hy don't you take soe books ho#e with you37 5&ould you like soe books37 An' is used in 2uestions and wit( not in negative stateents. 5%a!e you got an' tea37 5%e didn't gi!e #e an' tea.7 5 don't think we'!e got an' tea left.7 Soet(ing, An't(ing, Soeone, An'one etc1 !opound nouns wit( soe0 and an'0 are used in t(e sae wa' as soe and an'1 ' )ositi!e state#ents: 5Soeone is sleeping in #y bed.7 5%e saw soet(ing in the garden.7 5 left #y glasses soew(ere in the house.7 ' 8uestions: 5,re you looking for soeone37 (" '# sure you are) 5%a!e you lost soet(ing37 (" '# sure you ha!e) 5s there an't(ing to eat37 (a real question) 56id you go an'w(ere last night37 ' 4egati!e state#ents: 5-he didn't go an'w(ere last night.7 5%e doesn't know an'+od' here.7 ' There is a difference in e#phasis between not(ing, no+od' etc1 and not 111 an't(ing, not 111 an'+od': 5 don't know an't(ing about it.7 (" neutral$ no e#phasis) 5 know not(ing about it.7 (" #ore e#phatic$ #aybe defensi!e) 5 s there an'+od' who speaks (nglish here37 5There is no+od' in the house at the #o#ent.7 56oes an'+od' ha!e the ti#e37 5&hen arri!ed there was no+od' to #eet #e.7 AN3 can also +e used in positive stateents to ean /no atter w(ic(/, /no atter w(o/, /no atter w(at/4 59ou can borrow an' of #y books.7 5They can choose an't(ing fro# the #enu.7 59ou #ay in!ite an'+od' to dinner$ don't #ind who co#es.7 Enoug( Enoug( is placed +efore t(e noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary: 5There is enoug( bread for lunch.7 5-he has enoug( #oney.7 Enoug( is also used wit( ad5ectives and adver+s4 5&e didn't ha!e enoug( ti#e to !isit :ondon ;ridge.7 5s there enoug( #ilk for breakfast37 5-he has enoug( talent to beco#e an international singing star.7 Quantifiers 2 6RA!TI!E TEST 0. n the following sentences$ fill in the gaps with one of the following deter#iners: Soe, An' 0) ,nn has <<<<<<<candies. some .) ;ill doesn't ha!e<<<<<<<#oney. any =) -ue will gi!e us <<<<<<<infor#ation. some >) There is <<<<<<<#ilk in the fridge. some ?) There isn't <<<<<<<beer. any @) There aren't <<<<<<<boys in #y fa#ily. any A) ;ill won't gi!e #e <<<<<<<help. any B) ,nn shouldn't s#oke <<<<<<<cigarettes. any C) -ue #ust do <<<<<<<ho#ework tonight. some 0/) Dy brother can't speak <<<<<<<*hinese. any 00) Dy sister can speak <<<<<<<-panish. some 0.) can't speak <<<<<<<*hinese or -panish. any 0=) #ust study <<<<<<<second languages. some 0>) ;ill isn't <<<<<<<s#arter than Eane. any 0?) ,nn should eat <<<<<<<fresh fruit. some .. n the following sentences$ fill in the gaps with one of the following deter#iners: soet(ing 7 an't(ing, soe+od' 7 an'+od', soew(ere 7 an'w(ere 0) -he said <<<<<<<but didn't understand anything. something .) %as <<<<<<<found #y blue pencil3 4o$ '# sorry. anybody =) &ould <<<<<<<help #e$ please3 9es$ can help you. somebody >) %a!e you got <<<<<<< to eat3 4o$ ha!en't. anything ?) To#$ can you gi!e #e <<<<<<<to drink$ please3 something @) s there <<<<<<<in the house3 4o$ it's deserted. anybody A) 6o you know <<<<<<<about :ondon transport3 4o$ don't. anything B) &hat's wrong3 "There's <<<<<<<in #y eye." something C) &ould you like <<<<<<<to drink3 9es$ please. something 0/) <<<<<<<has broken the window. don't know who. Somebody 00) %e didn't say <<<<<<<. anything 0.) '# looking for #y keys. %as <<<<<<<seen the#3 4o$ '# sorry. anybody 0=) Teach #e <<<<<<<exciting. something 0>) didn't eat <<<<<<<because wasn't hungry. anything 0?) 6ad$ can we go <<<<<<<on -unday3 9es$ what about going to the Foo3 somewhere =. n the following sentences$ fill in the gaps with one of the following quantifiers: uc(, an', lots of, a lot of, little, ost, a little, little, a few, few Top of Gor# 0. t see#s to #e that we'!e had <<<<<<<assign#ents in (nglish this ter#. many .. %ow <<<<<<<#aterial can we be expected to read in one week3 much =. <<<<<<<books are not in the library. Many >. '!e had <<<<<<<headaches already because of stress. many ?. <<<<<<<depression can be attributed to being o!erworked. Much @. Hur yard looks awful this su##er. There are too <<<<<<<weeds. many A. didn't use <<<<<<<fertiliFer last spring$ and that has #ade a difference. much B. ,lso$ '!e paid <<<<<<<attention to how <<<<<<<rain we'!e had. little / much C. '# afraid it's rained <<<<<<<ti#es this su##er$ and the grass is turning brown and dying. few 0/. <<<<<<<experts say you should fertiliFe your lawn in the fall. Many 00. t didn't see# to do #y lawn <<<<<<<good. much 0.. <<<<<<<ad!ice you get fro# experts doesn't see# to help. Most 0=. <<<<<<<of #y neighbors ignore their grass$ and they ha!e better lawns this year. Many 0>. They say <<<<<<<knowledge is a bad thing. a little 0?. know <<<<<<<instances where that pro!es true. a few 0@. <<<<<<<people know as #uch about co#puters as To#as does. Few 0A. ;ut it does hi# <<<<<<< good when the whole syste# goes down. little >. n the following sentences$ choose one of the following quantifiers that best co#plete the sentence. 0. The exhibition was not !ery crowded. There were <<<<<< people than expected. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few .. Deeting ;ill *linton was #uch <<<<<< frightening than had i#agined. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few =. '!e not #et hi# but '!e heard <<<<<< stories about hi# and he sounds interesting. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few Quantifiers 3 >. %e's <<<<<< craFy than you first think. -o#e of his ideas #ake sense. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few ?. That #ust be <<<<<< frightening horror fil# '!e e!er seen. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few @. t's ti#e so#ebody told hi# <<<<<< ho#e truths. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few A. strongly disappro!e. don't like what '!e heard in <<<<<< . a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few B. %e's not liked. n fact he's <<<<<< liked person in the office. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few C. 'd like to go to Eapan but get so <<<<<< opportunities to tra!el in #y present 2ob. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0/. 'd like you to spend <<<<<< ti#e on your own work and #ore on controlling your staff. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 00. 6a!id :etter#an is !ery fa#ous in ,#erica but <<<<<< people in (ngland ha!e heard of hi#. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0.. &e #ustn't postpone this #eeting. &e get to #eet on too <<<<<< occasions as it is. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0=. Grankly$ Eohn's proble#s are <<<<<< of #y worries. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0>. f you spent <<<<<< ti#e worrying$ you'd get #ore done. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0?. don't like any of the solutions. suppose Eohn's is <<<<<< bad of the# but still don't like it. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0@. t's not i#portant. t doesn't #atter in <<<<<< . a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0A. The winner will be the person who #akes <<<<<< #istakes. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0B. '!e had <<<<<< proble#s with this. really need so#e help. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few 0C. '!e had <<<<<< proble#s with this. don't need any help. a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few ./. "4e!er was so #uch owed by so #any to so <<<<<< ." I &inston *hurchill a. few b. the fewest c. fewer d. the least d. less e. a few ?. n the following sentences$ fill in the gaps with one of the following quantifiers: , G(& J , 1K(,T 6(,: J , :TT:( J , :HT J , :HT HG J , D,EHKT9 HG J (4HL1% J D,49 J DL*% J ):(4T9 J -(M(K,: HG J -HD( 0. '# ha!ing <<<<<<< of trouble passing #y dri!ing exa#. a lot .. <<<<<<< the #o!ies were rated )1. Several of =. <<<<<<< infor#ation pro!ed to be outdated. Some >. &e're close to the pro2ect deadline$ but there is still <<<<<<< ti#e left. a little ?. ,lthough there are <<<<<<< brilliant students in this state II thousands$ e!en$ only <<<<<<< will choose to re#ain in the state after graduation. many / a few @. &e were able to destroy <<<<<<< the parasites with our antigen$ but <<<<<<< of the# sur!i!ed to cause trouble. a majority of / enough A. <<<<<<< a student has passed through these doors. Many B. ,lthough <<<<<<< of the lawn is open to the sun$ there are <<<<<<< of shade trees to #ake it co#fortable. a great deal / plenty C. think he drank <<<<<<< wine last night. a lot of 0/. <<<<<<< the e!idence was taken fro# the police safe last night. much Soe, an', few, little 0. &owN :ook at thatN %ow <<<<<<< books do you ha!e on your shel!es3 ha!e to tell you it's a great collectionN (a) #uch (b) many (c) any (d) so#e .. &ould you like <<<<<<< 2uice3 (a) #any (b) an (c) some (d) #uch =. %ow <<<<<<< #oney do you ha!e3 (a) much (b) #ore (c) #any (d) often >. only ha!e <<<<<<< dollars. (a) so#e (b) any (c) a little (d) a few Quantifiers 4 ?. want to #ake orange 2uice. %a!e you got <<<<<<< oranges3 (a) #uch (b) an (c) any (d) few @. 4o$ don't. ;ut ha!e <<<<<<< apples$ if you'd like to #ake apple 2uice instead. (a) a little (b) so#e (c) any (d) few A. There are <<<<<<< people trying to go to the L. concert this weekend. (a) many (b) #uch (c) a little (d) any B. %ow #any gallons of water did you bring for the trip3 I 2ust ha!e <<<<<<< gallons. (a) #uch (b) any (c) a little (d) a few C. Eessica spent a lot of #oney on her car. 4ow she only has <<<<<<< #oney left to pay for her li!ing expenses. (a) #any (b) a few (c) a little (d) #uch 0/. %ow <<<<<<< ti#e do you ha!e left before you ha!e to go to school3 (a) so#e (b) much (c) #any (d) any A Few 7 Few 7 A little 7 8ittle ' a few / few O count noun I Gew saw a few friends at the #all. P" two or three (positive)Q saw two or three friends at the #all I Gew %e has few friends because he's so #ean. P" al#ost none (negative)Q %e has al#ost no friends because he's so #ean ' a little / little O non count noun I , :ittle ha!e a little ho#ework. P" a s#all a#ount (positive)Q ha!e a s#all a#ount of ho#ework. I :ittle There is little pollution in that country. P" al#ost none (negative) There is al#ost no pollution in that country 6RA!TI!E4 0. Dax: 6o you ha!e P a few / few Q pieces of paper can borrow3 :ee: -ure. %ere's P a little / little Q paper for you. .. )at: only ha!e P a little / little Q #oney for lunch. :et's go so#ewhere inexpensi!e. Ei#: can lend you P a few / few Q dollars if you want. =. rene is really unfriendly. -he has P a few / few Q friends. -he also has !ery P a little / little Q patience with other people. >. )ablo has #any acquaintances$ but he only has P a few / few Q !ery close friends. %e thinks that it's better to ha!e P a few / few Q close friends$ than doFens of acquaintances. ?. -ara likes P a little / little Q honey in her tea. Ean likes P a few / few Q spoonfuls of sugar in hers. @. Gran en2oys listening to P a few / few / a little / little Q #usic when she gets ho#e fro# school. -he is thinking about buying P a few / few / a little / little Q new *6's next week. A. &e got to the airport early because there was !ery P a few / few / a little / little Q traffic at = a#. -ince we got there early$ we had P a few / few / a little / little Q ti#e to catch a nap in the ter#inal. B. ;en's pants are getting <<<<<<<<<< too short for hi#. %e's getting taller by the #inuteN suppose we'll ha!e to buy hi# <<<<<<<<<< new pairs of pants this weekend. C. &aitN '# not finished yet. need <<<<<<<<<< #ore #inutes. *an you gi!e #e <<<<<<<<<< #ore ti#e3 Quantifiers 5 0/. 6ana: f you're hungry$ 'd be happy to cook you <<<<<<<<<< eggs. Ti#: 4o thanks. ate <<<<<<<<<< fruit about ./ #inutes ago. 00. stayed up too late last nightR got !ery <<<<<<<<<< sleep. wish could sleep <<<<<<<<<< longer. 0.. Mery <<<<<<<<<< people are #illionaires. don't necessarily want to be a #illionaire$ but 'd like to ha!e <<<<<<<<<< #ore #oney in the bank. 0=. nto e!ery life$ <<<<<<<<<< rain #ust fall. Day your 2oys be #any and your troubles be <<<<<<<<<<. 0>. *an borrow your dictionary to look up <<<<<<<<<< words3 always use a dictionary$ so #ake !ery <<<<<<<<<< #istakes in spelling. 0?. Ta#ara speaks !ery <<<<<<<<<< Kussian$ but she knows <<<<<<<<<< words. Quantifiers 6