1.1.1 Identify the context for which a new system is planned.
Extent of functions the system needs to cover. Limitations
1.1.2 Describe the need for change management How to ease in new system Make sure existing system compatible with current What happens when change occurs? 1.1.3 Outline compatibility issues between legacy and business mergers Language differences. Data in old system incompatible. Conversion may not be possible May utilise different technologies 1.1.4 Compare the implementation of systems using a clients hardware with hosting systems remotely Benefits of SAAS: cost savings, easy implementation of updates, scalability, Drawbacks: Security, needs internet, performance 1.1.5 alternative installation processes Types of implementation Parallel running: You have a new system but you also run the old system while updating the features eventually getting rid of the old system. Pilot running: Taking a small group of people and testing the system with them before implementing it for the whole community. Direct changeover: Replace system without testing. Phased conversion: Implementing changes over time.
1.1.6
1.1.7 Types of testing User acceptance- testing if users requirements are met. Beta testing is a form Debugging- finding bugs. Destructive testing- straining the program as much as possible to deliberately cause errors White box testing- testing the internal code Black box- testing the function 1.1.11 causes of data loss Natural disasters Malicious activities Random error 1.1.13 preventing data loss Removable media Offsite storage Failover system- automatically switches to backup when failure happens Redundancy- repeating data. I.e RAID storage, storing in two disks simultaneously. 1.2.9 importance of iteration 1. Analyze user requirements 2. Design the program 3. Code the program 4. Document and test 5. Implement and maintain system
2.1.3 explain the function of the cache small amount of memory used by CPU for fast memory processing Even with faster microprocessors and main memory (RAM) with greater capacities, bottlenecks still occur when information moves between the CPU and RAM. Cache memory is a type of supplemental memory built for faster conveyance of information between these two components of the computer. The computer builds a library of frequently used information into the cache memory. The role of "caching" is to accelerate the speed of your system. Caching not only helps reduce logjams at the CPU and RAM, but enables users to perform tasks faster because data transmits more rapidly from cache memory to CPU.
2.1.4 Machine instruction cycle 1. Fetch the instruction o The position in the program counter stored address is the address which contains next instruction that is to be executed. o Via data bus the content of address contained in the program counter is fetched from the main memory & stored in the CIR (Current Instruction Register) o Program counter = incremented by 1 2. Decode the instruction o The instruction decoder interprets the instruction o All required data = fetched from main memory & put in data registers 3. Execute the instruction o CU passes decoded instruction to different parts of CPU to perform the actions that are required. 4. Store results o Results of calculations in CPU = stored in main memory or sent to output devices o Program Counter could be updated to a new address REPEAT
2.1.6 Functions of an OS Booting the computer Managing peripherals Provides a user interface
2.1.11 Logic gates
Not gate (inverter): inverts any binary numbers input AND gate: Only true (1) if both are true (1) NAND gate: AND gate results inverted OR gate: only one has to be true for result to be true NOR gate: OR gate results inverted
4.2.1 Describe standard algorithms on linear arrays Sequential search- brute force. Searching one by one until desired one is found Binary search- Arranged in ascending or descending order. Compares value to middle value of array. If larger or smaller, then smaller or bigger half removed. Bubble sort passing through list and swapping numbers not in right order Selection sort- moving smallest number to left
4.3.3 essential features of a computer language Fixed vocabulary Correct syntax. i.e correct use of colons, correct order unambiguous
4.3.5 Outline the need for a translation process from a HL language to machine executable code High level language- closer to actual English. Low level language- machine code (Assembly) Compiler: Translates higher language into machine code Interpreter: Directly executes programmed language without translating into machine code.