Superposition theorem:the current through or voltage across
an element in a linear bilateral network is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages produced independently by each source. Example: find the current through R 2 for all resistor value of 100 , vs 1 =10v and vs 2 =5v for the figure shown below(Thomas,L,Floyd).
Set vs 2 =0v(short circuit) the circuit become as shown below:
The current through R 2 is I 2 =I/2 , I=v/R T , R T =100+100/2=150, I=10/150, I 2 =5/150 Set vs 1 =0v(short circuit) the circuit become as shown below:
2
The current through R 2 is I 2 =I/2 , I=v/R T , R T =100+100/2=150, I=5/150, I 2 =2.5/150 The total current through vs 1 and vs 2 is I 2 =5/150+2.5/150 H.W finds the current through R 1 and R 3. H.W for the above example reversing vs 1 and finds the required value. Example:for the circuit shown below find the current through 10 resistor using superposition theorem.
Solution: Setting 2A and 1A off(open circuit) The circuit become as shown below
3
The voltage across 10 ohm resistor using voltage divider rule V 10 =10*10/(10+20+30)=1.67v Setting 10 v off (short circuit) and 2A off(open circuit) the circuit become
The current through 10 ohm resistor is I 10 =1*30/60 (current divider rule) I 10 =.5 Amp And voltage across 10 ohm is V 10 =I*R=10*.5=5volt Setting 10v off and 1A off the circuit become
4
The current through 10 ohm resistor is I 10 =2*50/60=1.67 And the voltage across 10 ohm resistor is V 10 =I*R=1.67*10=16.67 volt The net voltage across 10 ohm resistor is V 10 =V 10v +V 2A -V 1A =1.67+16.67-5=13.34VOLT H.W reversing the polarity off sources the find the current through 30 ohm resistor Example:
Setting 5A off the circuit become
The current through 3ohm is I 3A =2*5/10=1 Amp
5
Setting 2A off the circuit become
The current through 3 ohm is I 3A =5*3/10=1.5 Amp The net current through 10 ohm is I 3A =I 5A +I 3A =1+1.5=2.5Amp Example: using superposition theorem finds the current through 10 ohm resistor for the circuit shown below.
6
When 6A and 18V is off the circuit become as shown below
The current through 10 ohm resistor can be found as follows R T =(((10//6)+4)//8)+8=11.937 I T =V/R T =12/11.937=1.005 Amp The current through 7.75 ohm resistor is
I 7.75 =1.005*8/15.75=-0.51Amp I 10 =0.51*6/16=0.19Amp When 12 and 18 volt is off the circuit become
7
And simplify to
When 6A and 12 volt are off The circuit become
Simplify the circuit to become
8
Finally the total current through 10 ohm resistor is
Example :for the circuit shown below find the current through 4 ohm resistor using(h.w) 1)nodal method 2)loop method 3)by inspection 4)superposition theorem Then decide which method you prefer
9
Repeat the above exercise for the following circuits: