UNIDAD 1 BUYING AND SELLING

LECCION 4 STAMMENT (GRAMMAR)

BE PAST: STATEMENTS

USE:
To connect the subject with the rest of the sentence and talk about the past.
AFFIRMATIVE

FORM:
[SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + REST]
I/She/He/It was in the kitchen.
You/We/They were late.
NEGATIVE

FORM:
[SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + REST]
WASN'T/WEREN'T
I/She/He/It was not angry.
I/She/He/It wasn't here.

You/We/They were not early.
You/We/They weren't on time.

EXAMPLES:
"Diana was at home yesterday."
"She wasn't at school."
"They were late to work."
"They weren't early."



PRACTICE
1. I ____________sick yesterday. I didn't go to school.

2. - How was the movie?

- Wow! It ____________ great!

3. - Did you go to the party last night?

- Yes, I did. Stan ___________ there, too.

4. - Hi. I just got back from Switzerland.

- How was the weather?

- It ____________ cold.

5. - Did you go to the Fireflash concert last night?

- Yes, I did. They __________ great!

6. - Why didn't you eat your vegetables?

- I didn't like them. They ___________ fresh.

7. - Mr. Swenson fell off his bike.

- Oh, no!

- He's OK. He _____________ hurt.

8. - Did you repair the radio?

- No. It _____________broken. It needed new batteries.

9. - Who carried the computers for you?

- I did. They ________________ very heavy.

10. - Did you read that book by Bonnie Swinburne?

- Yes, but it ___________ very funny.

- Of course not. Mysteries aren't usually funny.

- Why not? They can be interesting and funny, too.



LECCION 5 QUESTIONS (GRAMMAR)
BE PAST: QUESTIONS

YES/NO QUESTIONS

USE:
To ask questions that need an answer of "yes" or "no".
FORM:
The subject and the verb change places.
Affirmative: They were at home.
Yes/No Question: Were they at home?
Negative: He wasn't at school.
Yes/No Question: Wasn't he at school?(Always use contractions.)

Answers: Yes, I was.
No, I wasn't.

WH-QUESTIONS

USE:
To ask questions that begin with these question words:WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.
FORM:
Questions about the SUBJECT:
[WH-WORD + BE PAST + REST OF SENTENCE]
Affirmative: Juan was at home.
Wh-Question: Who was at home?
Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:
[WH-WORD + BE PAST + SUBJECT + REST OF SENTENCE]
Affirmative: He was in Philadelphia.
Wh-Question: Where was he?
Affirmative: He was there in 1990.
Wh-Question: When was he there?
EXAMPLES:
Police: "Where were you last nightat 9:30?"
Man: "I was at home all night."
Police: "Was Big Bob with you?"
Man: "No, he wasn't. I was alone."

Questions
- Where were you and Susan last night?
- Oh, we were out.
- Were you at the new French resturant?
- No, we weren't. Susan was at night school and I was at the office.
PRACTICE
1. - __________________ at the meeting this morning?

- Yes, I was.

- I didn't see you.

2. - I went to Alaska on a business trip last month.

- ________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________ ?

- Yes, it was. There were thousands of people there.


4. - When did you come home last night?

- At 3:30 a.m. _______________________ worried about me?

5. - My aunt is traveling around the world.

- ______________________________last month?

- Yes, she was. But now she's fine.

6. - _____________________that noise in the street?

- I don't know. Let's find out.

7. - I found my notebook.

- _____________________________________________

- It was under the desk.

8. - Did you see the Sherlock Holmes movie on TV?

- No, I didn't.__________________________ it on?

- At 10:30 last night.


9. - Did you find the children?

- Yes, I did.

- _____________________ they?

- In the garage with their cousin.

10. - Boris left his job.

-________________________________the reason?

- He didn't like his boss.

VOCABULARY
Buy verb
to pay money and
get something
I buy food in the
supermarket.
Closed adjective
not doing business
I went to the store
but it was closed

Delivery noun
bringing products to a
place
Delivery is in 10 days.

department store noun
shop divided into
different sections, each
selling different
products
We can buy clothes and furniture in the
department store.

gift shopnoun
store selling things
that people like to give
and get as presents

I bought her a present at the gift shop.



good business expression

business that makes a
lot of money
That dress store is a good business - there
are always customers in there.

Order verb
to ask for a product to be
made for you or delivered
to you (also a noun)

You can order a new dress from the store.

Pay verb
to give money and
get something

I paid $500 for those shoes.

save money expression

to keep money and not use it
Buy your clothes on sale and
save money

store manager noun
person in charge of a shop

I want to speak to the store manager about
the TV I bought.
UNIDAD 2 HEALTHY EATING
LECCION 4: Non Count and Quantifiers

NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS:
NON-COUNT NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS

USE:
Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of an object. Some quantifiers are used with both
count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are used only with either non-count nouns or count nouns, but not
with both.
REMEMBER: Non-count nouns take only the singular form of the verb!
some (statements):
"There is some water in your glass."
any (questions and negative sentences):

"Is there any money in the handbag?"
"There isn't any time left."
a lot of
"There is a lot of butter on your bread."
much

"I haven't got much money."
"How much milk do you want?"
a little
"I only want a little juice."




Non-Count and Quantifiers
- How much sugar do you want in your coffee?
- Not much, just a little.
- What about milk?
- Oh, lots of milk please.
PRACTICE
1. Our Russian classes are very small. There isn't _________________ interest in Russian this year.

2. - May I have some tea?

- Sorry, _____________________________________

3. Tom ate ______________ bread and cheese and drank a big glass of milk for lunch.

4. Sarah wants to buy a new coat, but she _______________________________ money to spend.

5. Bill doesn't usually get ____________________ mail, but yesterday he received three letters, four bills, and
a magazine.

6. How _______________________ sugar do you want in your tea?

7. Bill has to do __________________________________ homework, then he's going to a friend's house.

8. I don't have __________________________ money. Can you pay for my lunch?

9. I took a lot of pictures at the party last night. Now I need to buy _______________________ more film for
my camera.

10. There was _________________________ food at the party, but there wasn't any beer.


LECCION 5: Count and Quantifiers
NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS:
COUNT NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS


USE:
Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or amount of an object. Some quantifiers are used with both
count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are used only with either non-count nouns or count nouns, but not
with both.
some (statements):
"There are some books on the shelf."
any (questions and negative sentences):

"Are there any girls in your class?"
"There aren't any onions in the salad."
a lot of
"There are a lot of red apples."
many

"I haven't got many friends."
"How many chairs are in that classroom?"
a few
"He has a few books."

EXAMPLE:
"Are there any small nails down there, Harry?"
"Sorry, there aren't any, but I have some big nails.
Is that OK?"


PRACTICE
1. There __________________________ people at the game; it was too cold.
2. Nancy bought her CD player last week. She only has _____________________________ CDs.
3. I saw _______________________________ nice sweaters at the store, but they were very expensive.
4. - Can I talk to you, Mrs. Davis? I have ________________________________ questions about our history assignment.
- Of course, David. What do you want to know?
5. The weather is nice, so there __________________________________ children in the park today.
6. The boss has to make _________________________ phone calls, but she can meet with you in an hour.
7. This is a busy street. There are ________________________________ accidents here.
8. My grandmother is very interesting. She tells ___________________________ great stories.
9. I really enjoy Shakespeare's plays. We read _________________________ of them in school last year.
10. - ______________________________ Mick Starlight CDs do you have?
- Oh, I have about five or six.



VOCABULARY
Bake verb


to make bread, cakes, etc. using an oven
I baked a chocolate cake in my new oven.

Cook verb


to prepare food and heat it so it's ready to
eat
Cook the chicken until it is brown on the
outside and white inside.



Cookbook noun


a book that tells you how to cook and bake
She made some great meals from her new
cookbook.



Cup noun

a small round container with a handle for
drinks
Would you like a cup of coffee?

Dish noun

something you eat food from
Please put the soup dishes on the table.

Freeze verb

to keep food longer by making it extremely
cold
You can freeze this food and eat it next week.

Fresh adjective

recently bought or made
I have some fresh tomatoes from my garden.
Meal noun

breakfast, lunch, dinner
I don't always eat three meals a day.

Plate noun

something you eat food from
The dinner plates are on the table.

Serve verb

to provide food and drink for someone
I always serve salads with meals.


UNIDAD 3 GETTING HELP
LECCION 1 GETTING HELP (LISTENING)
Help
Phil: Can you give me directions? I don't know which street I'm in. But I'm standing in front of a gift shop and a video
shop. Uh-huh. Yes. Trenton Street to Leeds Road. And right, up Leeds Road. Then, a men's shop next to the
cinema. Then what? Left? OK. Left at the men's shop?Wait a minute, I haven't got a pen. Excuse me. Have you got a
pen?
Teenager: Have you got a cigarette?
Phil: Cigarette? No. No, I don't smoke. Sorry.
Teenager: Well, I don't write, so I haven't got a pen. Sorry.

PRACTICE







TEST

LECCION 2 CLEAN HOUSE AGENCY (READING)

PRACTICE






TEST





















LECCION 4 STATEMENT (GRAMMAR)

PRESENT SIMPLE: STATEMENTS

USE:
To talk about actions, states or events which happen at any time, repeatedly, or all the time.
AFFIRMATIVE

FORM:
Verbs take an -s ending in third person singular.
[SUBJECT + VERB(s) + REST OF SENTENCE]
I/You/We/They work in a bank.
He/She/It has brown eyes.
SPELLING

Verbs ending in ss, sh, ch, x, o take -esin third person singular: kisses,matches, goes, watches
For verbs ending in consonant + y,drop the y and add -ies: carry/carries,try/tries, copy/copies
NOTE: The Present Simple is often used with adverbs and adverb phrases: Always, Never, Often,Sometimes,
Usually, Every day/week, On Sundays, Twice a month, year, etc.
EXAMPLES:
"I often go to basketball games."
"He never watches TV."
"My brother goes to the health club twice a week."
"I always have coffee for breakfast."
NEGATIVE

FORM:
[SUBJECT+ DO NOT/DON'T+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE]

I/You/We/They don't drive in the city.
He/She/It doesn't have brown eyes..
EXAMPLE:
"Bill calls Mary, but he doesn't call me."



PRACTICE
1. I want to be a famous actress. I want to ______________________ a lot of money!

2. - Hi, Cindy. Do you want to go shopping after school?
- I don't have any cash.

- That's OK. I always ________________________ with a credit card. You can pay me later.

3. The Toronto Blue Jays are a great baseball team. They always __________________________ a lot of games.

4. - Hey! The dog is in the house.

- Oh, no! Take him out. He always __________________________________ everything!

5. - I like Jenny's hair. It's always so pretty.

- Well, she ________________________ it every two hours!

6. - Where's Chris tonight?

- He's at the health club. He __________________________ there every Tuesday.

7. - Why isn't Louis at the party?

- He ________________________ dance.

8. I need to diet! I eat a lot, and
I __________________________________________________________________ .

9. - This is so boring! What time is it?

- It's 10:00. The meeting __________________________________________ until 12:00!


10. - How's the new secretary?
- She's nice, but she ________________________________ very well.
EST




LECCION 5 YES/NO QUESTIONS (GRAMMAR)
PRESENT SIMPLE: YES/NO QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS

USE:
To ask questions about actions in general time that need an answer of "yes" or "no".
FORM:
Put DO or DOES in front of the subject.
[DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
Does he/she/it like milk?
Do I know him?
AFFIRMATIVE: She likes milk.
YES/NO QUESTION: Does she like milk?
ANSWERS

USE:
To answer a yes/no question.
FORM:
[YES, SUBJECT + DO/DOES]
Yes, I/you/we/they do.
Yes, he/she/it does.
[NO, SUBJECT + DON'T/DOESN'T]
No, I/you/we/they don't.
No, he/she/it doesn't.
EXAMPLES:
"Do you work on Saturdays?"
"Yes, I do."
"Does he work on Saturdays?"
"No, he doesn't."

- Hey, Charlie. Do you like my dog Brutus?
- Er, yes, I do. Does he bite?
- No, he doesn't... not usually.
Practice












TEST






LECCION 6 WH QUESTIONS (GRAMMAR)

- Where do you buy your clothes?
- Why do you want to know? Do I look good?

PRESENT SIMPLE: Wh Questions

USE:
To ask questions about actions in general time that begin with these questions words: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO,
WHY, HOW.
FORM:
Questions about the SUBJECT:
[WHO-WHAT + VERB + REST]
Who lives here?
Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:
[WH-WORD + DO/DOES... VERB...]
When do you go home?
Where does he live?

EXAMPLES:
"Who lives in that house?"
"The Porters."
"What does Jack want to do?"
"Go to the movies.
"Where do they work?"
"At the bank."



PRACTICE














TEST







LECCION 7 VOCABULARY
give directions expression

to tell someone how to get somewhere
Can you give me directions to the hospital?

in front of preposition

further forwards than something else
The parking lot is in front of the office.

left at adverb

toward or on the left
Turn left at the supermarket.

Map noun

a drawing that shows the places of countries, rivers,
cities, streets, etc.
Let's look at the map to see where to go.

Near preposition

close to someone or something
Let's walk to the school. It's near here.

next to preposition

side by side
The restaurant is next to a department store.
Opposite preposition

on the other side of an area, person or object
The school is opposite the supermarket

right at adverb

toward or on the right
Go right at Prince Street.

Street noun

road in town or city with buildings on it
What street do you live on?
Turn verb

move in a certain direction
I turned right at the gift shop.
PRACTICE





TEST













UNIDAD 4 SPORT
LECCION 1 SPORT (LISTENING)
Good evening. This is Jack Hill, and here is today's sports!

First, baseball. Toronto is in first place. Sam Wilson says that
his team is going to win the championship this year. But, he
says that every year.

In soccer, Bill Brown had the best game of his career. The
Tour de France bicycle race started yesterday in Paris at 3
o'clock. Last year, Jacques Chardin won for France. Can he
do it again? I don't know ...

In California, the Children's Olympics started
yesterday. Good luck to all the 600 boys and girls.

And, finally, tennis.

Tonight is the big tennis game between rock star Maxi and
the famous actor, Peter Anson. This is Jack Hill, and that
was the sports.

PRACTICE







TEST






















LECCION 2 People Are Crazy About
Sports (READING)

People Are Crazy About Sports
by Stan Bruer
Why do people love to watch sports? Professor Len Sanders of
Georgetown University asks this question in his study on,
"People andSports." "We can understand why people like to
play sports. It's goodexercise and a lot of fun," says Professor
Sanders. "But why do millions of people pay so much money to
watch other people play?"
Sports is good business. A winning team can make millions of
dollars. A good athlete or player can make a very
large salary. For example, at the Wimbledon Tennis
Championships, the winner can make more than $500,000.
Shawn Bradley is a basketball player for the Philadelphia
'76ers. Hemakes one of the highest salaries in
basketball. He earns about four million dollars every year.
Sports fans, the people who watch sports, often pay a lot
of money for tickets to a game. The Giants Football Stadium in
New Jersey can hold 76,891 people.
Fans get very excited when their team wins. Professor Sanders
now has the answer to his question: "People love
the excitement of a good game."
PRACTICE










TEST


























LECCION 4: EQUALITY (GRAMMAR)

- Wow! Mick Starlight's car is as long as that bus.

COMPARISON: EQUALITY

USE:
To compare two persons or things that are alike.
FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE:
[AS + ADJECTIVE + AS]
Bob is as tall as Marty.
NEGATIVE:
[NOT AS + ADJECTIVE + AS]
Her hair is not as long as mine.
PRACTICE







TEST






LECCION 6 COMPARATIVES (GRAMMAR)


- Samurai Sam is winning. He's stronger than Viking Vick.
- Yes, and he's more popular, too.
COMPARISON: COMPARATIVES

USE:
To compare one or more people/things to other people/things.

FORM:
[COMPARATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVE + THAN]

John is older than Bart.
Betty is more beautiful than Barbara.
Most adjectives take -er:
long/longer, old/older, tall/taller
Adjectives ending in -e take -r:
nice/nicer, late/later
Adjectives ending in vowel + consonant
double the consonant:
fat/fatter, big/bigger, hot/hotter
With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add -ier:
happy/happier, easy/easier
With most two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives form the
comparative with more:

intelligent - more intelligent
beautiful - more beautiful
The adjectives "good" and "bad" have anirregular comparative
form:

good - better
bad - worse
EXAMPLES:
Todd: "Samurai Sam is winning. He's stronger than Viking Vick."
Ron: "Yes, and he's more popular, too!"

PRACTICE










TEST






LECCION 7 SUPERLATIVES (GRAMMAR)


- Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest, the biggest, the
mostterrific store in New York! We are the best!

COMPARISON: SUPERLATIVES

USE:
To compare one or more person or thing with a whole group.

FORM:
[THE + SUPERLATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVE]


John is the tallest boy in the class.
They are the most beautiful shoes in the store.
Most adjectives take -est: long/longest, old/oldest
Adjectives ending in -e take -st: nice/nicest, late/latest
Adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant double the
consonant:fat/fattest, big/biggest, hot/hottest
With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add -
iest: happy/happiest, easy/easiest
With most two-syllable adjectives and longer
adjectives form the superlative with most:


honest - most honest
beautiful - most beautiful
The adjectives "good" and "bad" have an irregular superlative
form:

good - best
bad - worst
EXAMPLES:
"Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest,
the biggest, the most terrific store in New York! We are the
best!"
PRACTICE










TEST






LECCION 8 VOCABULARY
Athlete noun

a person who is good at sports
He is a professional athlete.

Basketball noun

a game with two teams of five players who get
points by throwing a ball through a net
Do you want to play basketball?
Bicycle noun

a machine with two wheels that you move by
pushing pedals with your feet
I ride my bicycle to work.
Championship noun

a competition to find the best player or team
The team is playing in the championship again this
year.
Exercise noun

physical activity to stay healthy (also a verb)
Swimming is very good exercise.

Game noun

sports with teams or players competing against each
other
Let's play a game of tennis.
Player noun

person who plays a sports game
He's a good tennis player
Race noun

a competition to find the fastest person to do
something (also a verb)
She won the race.

Stadium noun

a large building where people watch sports
The game is at the stadium in the center of town.

Win verb

to get more points or be the best at a game
Our team wins every game.
PRACTICE





TEST




























UNIDAD 5 ENJOY YOUR MEAL
LECCION 1 RESTAURANTN (LISTENING)
Restaurant
Nick: Ladies, your Coke and your coffee.
Amy: Do you have any sweetener?
Nick: Sure. Here's some.
Katie: How are the hamburgers here? They're not very good?
Hmm. How about some pizza?
Nick: I'm sorry, we don't have any pizza. But our lasagna is
excellent.
Katie: OK. Sure.
Amy: I'd like a salad, please.
Nick: OK. Which one?
Amy: Are there tomatoes in the house salad?
Nick: Yes, there are.
Amy: Let me see. No, bring me the taco salad.
Nick: How about some chili with that?
Amy: No, only the salad.










TEST





LECCION 2 Sale at Shopright






TEST






LECCION 3 GOOD TO SEE YOU(SPEAKING)


Good to See You
- Pam! It's good to see you.
- Great to see you too, Paul.
- Look, do you have time for lunch?
- Aww... sorry. I can't. I'm in a hurry right now.
- Then how about a quick cup of coffee? Just 15 minutes, OK?
- 15 minutes? Okay, sure. I'd love to.

LECCION 4: Count and Non-Count

- We can't make the cake, Susan. There is some sugar and flour
but there aren't any eggs.
- Aww...

NOUNS and QUANTIFIERS:
COUNT/NON-COUNT NOUNS

USE:
Quantifiers are words or phrases which show the number or
amount of some object. Some quantifiers are used with both
count and non-count nouns. Some other quantifiers are only
used with count or non-count nouns, but not with both.

USED WITH BOTH COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS:

some (statements):

"There are some books on the shelf." (COUNT)
"There is some fruit on the table." (NON-COUNT)
any (questions and negative sentences):

"Are there any girls in your class?" (COUNT)
"There aren't any onions in the salad." (COUNT)


"Is there any butter?" (NON-COUNT)
"There isn't any homework today." (NON-COUNT)
a lot of

"There are a lot of red apples." (COUNT)
"There is a lot of noise in here." (NON-COUNT)
USED WITH COUNT NOUNS ONLY:
many

"I haven't got many friends."
"How many chairs are in that classroom?"
a few
"He has a few books."
USED WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS ONLY:
much

"I haven't got much time."
"How much milk do you want?"
a little
"I only want a little juice."
PRACTICE











TEST







LECCION 5 NUTRITION

Diet noun

food you eat, often to lose weight
She's on a diet because she wants to lose 10
pounds.



eat light expression

to eat foods which don't make you fat
Eat light and be healthy.

Energy noun

physical power to do things
I have a lot of energy in the morning, but I am tired
in the evening.

fat-free adjective

food without fat in it
Would you like some fat-free yogurt?
Healthy adjective


good for your body
Fruits and vegetables are healthy foods.
lose weight expression

to become thinner
She lost weight and now she looks great!

low-fat adjective

without much fat in it
This cheese is low-fat.
Salad noun

a combination of raw vegetables or fruit
Would you like a salad with your steak?

salt-free adjective

food without salt in it
This food is salt-free.

Sweetener noun

an artificial sugar you can add to food or drinks to
make it taste sweet
He takes sweetener in his coffee.

PRACTICE







TEST















UNIDAD 6 Interesting People
LECCION 1: Interview (LISTENING)
Sandra: Welcome to "Meet the People." I'm Sandra
Waters. My guest today is Larry Patel. Larry is an
inventor. His newest invention is the "whistling
wallet." Good evening, Larry.
Larry: Good evening, Sandra.
Sandra: Larry, what is a "whistling wallet"?
Larry: Well, it's a special wallet with a small battery
inside. If you sing near it, the wallet whistles. People
often lose their wallets in their homes. Now they can
easily find them.
Sandra: Do you need to sing a special song?
Larry: No. Any song is OK.
Sandra: Oh, great! It's easier to sing than to look all over the
house. Where can I buy the wallet?
Larry: Well, I still have to work on it. I gave wallets to some
of my friends. Now two of them are angry at
me. They went to a rock concert, and their wallets
made noise all the time. The people around them
were very angry.
PRACTICE







TEST






LECCION 2 DO IT! (READING)
Do It
I always remember my mother saying, "Wake up. Clean your
room. Don't eat candy. Hurry up. Do your homework. Be good.
Don't run. Sit down. Stand up. Do this. Do that." I always
thought, "Hmm, I like that job."
Five years ago, I started the Clean-House Agency. I put an ad in
the newspaper. I answered all the telephone
calls and letters, and startedmy business. I told all the
new workers, "Be quick, and be clean." I showed them how to
clean homes and offices. First, we all worked
together. Now, they usually work alone.
Last night I showed my daughter how to make a cake. "First,
take four eggs from the refrigerator and some sugar from the
cupboard. Then, open the
box ... "
Suddenly I had a wonderful idea: cookbooks! I'm starting
a newbusiness! With my cookbooks, I can tell hundreds of
people what to do!
PRACTICE





TEST







LECCION 3 MOVIE STAR (SPEAKING)

Movie Star
- Isn't that Robert Richman, the movie star?
- Yes, you're right. I think he's the greatest.
- The greatest? He's the worst actor I know.
- What? But he won an Oscar for best actor last year.
- Yeah? Well, to me he's terrible.
- Well, I like him.

LECCION 4: REGULAR VERBS (GRAMMAR)

- We didn't work yesterday. We played tennis all day. Don't tell
the boss!
PAST SIMPLE: STATEMENTS

USE:
To talk about past events and actions.

AFFIRMATIVE


FORM:
Regular verbs in the Past Simple end in -ed.
[SUBJECT + VERB+ed + REST]

EXAMPLES:

"Joe walked home alone last night."
"We played football last week."
SPELLING

Verbs ending in -e, take only -d: live/ lived.

With verbs ending in consonant+y, change the y to i:

carry / carried try/ tried
NOTE: Past Simple is often used with adverbs: Yesterday, Last
week/month/year, A... ago.
NEGATIVE

FORM:
Put did not (didn't) in front of the verb.
[SUBJECT+ DID NOT+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE]

/DIDN'T
They did not call me last week.
Ruth didn't study last night.
EXAMPLES:
"He didn't work at all last week."
"I didn't like the movie last night."
PRACTICE










TEST





LECCION 6 IRREGULAR VERBS (GRAMMAR)

- Hey, Where did David go?
- Oh, he left early because he had a headache and he gave me
all his work!







PAST SIMPLE: IRREGULAR VERBS

FORM:
Some verbs have irregular forms in the Past Simple.You will
have to learn them by heart.

Here is a list of some of the most frequent verbs:

come - came put - put
do - did read - read
drink - drank say - said
eat - ate sell - sold
find - found sit - sat
get - got sleep - slept
drive - drove speak - spoke
go - went take - took
have - had tell - told
hear - heard think - thought
know - knew understand - understood
leave - left wear - wore
make - made write - wrote
meet - met

PRACTICE










TEST





LECCION 7 QUESTIONS

- Did you ask the boss about money?
- Yes, I did.
- Well, what did she say?
- She said no.





PAST SIMPLE: QUESTIONS
YES/NO QUESTIONS


USE:
To ask questions about past actions/events that need an answer
of "yes" or "no".

FORM:
Put DID / DIDN'T in front of the subject.
[DID / DIDN'T + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]

Did you walk yesterday?
Didn't they buy the book last week?
WH-QUESTIONS

USE:
To ask questions about the past that begin with these question
words: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.

FORM:
Questions about the SUBJECT:
[WHO/WHAT + PAST VERB + REST]
Who told him?
What made that noise?
Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:
[WH-WORD + DID + VERB...]
When did you leave school?
Where did they buy that?
EXAMPLES:
John: "Did you ask the boss about money?"
Rose: "Yes, I did."
John: "Well, what did she say?"
Rose: "She said no."
PRACTICE










TEST








LECCION 8 ADJECTIVES (VOCABULARY)
Alone adjective

without anyone with you
I did it alone because nobody wanted to help me.

Angry adjective

very annoyed
Mom was angry because I came home late

Best adjective

the most excellent
The food here is very good, it's the best restaurant in
town.
Easy adjective

not difficult
This puzzle is easy, I did it in two minutes.
Pretty adjective

nice-looking
What a pretty dress!

Quick adjective

happening in a short time
I have time for a quick cup of coffee.

Special adjective

different from usual
I made a special cake for your birthday.

Strong adjective

not easily broken or damaged
These plates are very strong.
Wonderful adjective

extremely good
I just went for a long walk on the beach and I feel
wonderful.
Worst adjective

the most terrible
This is the worst day of my life!


PRACTICE







TEST












Unidad 7 Family Live
Leccin 1: Breakfast (Listening)
Breakfast
Tom: Morning.
Diana: Morning. Are you going to the office or the factory today?
Tom: I usually go to the factory on Tuesday, but I have some
big meetings at the office. I don't have time to go to
Brooklyn.How's this tie? It's OK, isn't it?
Diana: It's fine, dear. By the way, what's the time?
Tom: I don't know; I don't have my watch on. About seven,
maybe.
Diana: Uh-oh, I'm late.
Tom: You're beautiful!
Practice





Test





Leccin 2 : The Family Picnic(reading)
The Family Picnic
Does your family have family reunions? Once a year, all my
relatives meet for a family picnic. We always meet in a park;
aunts, uncles, and cousins, young and old. We talk,
eat, and have lots of fun.
Last year, Uncle Seymour and Aunt Flo had a big fight. I still
remember it:
"Seymour, where were you last night? You went to the
basketball game, didn't you?" "Where was I, Flo? Where
were you? I phoned home, and no one answered."
"You phoned? I was at home all night!"
Then someone started the food fight. It was so funny! There
waspotato salad everywhere. Everyone laughed, even Uncle
Seymourand Aunt Flo.
Then we went swimming. I love to swim. We swam for a long
time.
Then my mother said, "We have to go home now."
"But, Mom, can't I stay? Do I have to go home with you? Aunt
Muriel lives near us. I can go home with her."
Finally, she said yes. It was a wonderful picnic!

Practice






Test






Leccin 3 Cant I (speaking)

Can I?
- Mom, can I go to see the trains?
- No, Tommy. I don't want you out there alone.
- Then is it OK if I play with that little boy?
- Well, all right. But stay near the door where I can see you.

Leccion 4: Tag Questions (Grammar)

- You cut your own hair, don't you?
- Yes, I do. It looks nice, doesn't it?


USE:
To ask a yes/no question when a certain answer is already
expected.

FORM:
Add a short, two-word question-tag to the end of the statement.

If "yes" is expected:
[AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE + DON'T/DOESN'T + SUBJECT]
You drive, don't you?
Carl paints, doesn't he?
If "no" is expected:
[NEGATIVE SENTENCE + DO/DOES + SUBJECT]
You don't smoke, do you?
Mary doesn't drive, does she?
EXAMPLES:
"You like coffee, don't you?"
"Yes, I do." (Expect the answer to be "yes".)

"She doesn't work here, does she?"
"No, she doesn't."(Expect the answer to be "no".)



PRACTICE










TEST





LECCION 5: CAN (GRAMMAR)

- Can you open it?
- No, I can't.
I can't open it.
- Let's ask Butch. He can do it.
MODALS and SEMI-MODALS: CAN

USE:
The Modal CAN is used with verbs and adds a special meaning.
Like most Modals, CAN has more than one meaning.

MEANING:
"Joe can speak French." (ABILITY)
"You can leave early." (PERMISSION)
"It can be hot here." (POSSIBILITY)

FORM:
Like other Modals, CAN goes before the verb and only has one
form.
AFFIRMATIVE
[CAN + VERB]
John can swim quickly.
You can go to the movies with your friends.


NEGATIVE

[CAN + NOT + VERB]
Diane can't swim.
Beth cannot meet us tonight.


YES/NO QUESTIONS

[CAN + SUBJECT + VERB + REST OF SENTENCE]
Can you help me?
Can Ileave now?

Answers:
Yes, you can.
No, you cannot/can't.

WH-QUESTIONS
[WH-WORD + CAN... VERB...]
When can you help me?

EXAMPLES:
Danny: "Can you open it?"
Keith: "No, I can't. I can't open it."
Danny: "Let's ask Butch. He can do it."

PRACTICE












TEST






LECCION 6 RELATIONSHIP (VOCABULARY)

Aunt noun

sister of your mother and father or the wife of your
uncle
My mother has three sisters so I have three aunts.

Cousin noun

a child of your uncle or aunt
My aunt's children are my cousins.


family picnic expression

a meal you eat outside with people related to you
We had a family picnic in the park.

Fight noun

an angry argument or disagreement (also a verb)
The children had a fight today.

have fun expression

to enjoy doing something
The children are having fun in the park.

phone home expression

to call your family on the telephone
I phone home to speak to my mom every week.
Relative noun

a person in your family
All his relatives came to the wedding.

Reunin noun

a meeting with people after a long time
We are having a class reunion after 10 years.

Uncle noun

the brother of your mother and father or the husband
of your aunt
My uncle visits us once a month.

young and old expression

children and adults
The whole family is here, young and old.
PRACTICE







TEST











UNIDAD 8 BAD DAY
LECCION 1 SEARCH (LISTENING)

Michael: Karen, what are you doing?
Karen: I'm looking for the script. Michael, this is impossible.
Your room is a mess! I don't know where to look.
Michael: It was on the desk. Maybe it's there.
Karen: The desk. Right. I've got your script. Here is your script.
Michael: Thanks. Where was it?
Karen: It was on the desk. Well, some of the pages were on
the desk, some were on the chair, and some were on
the floor, under the desk.

Practice





Test






Leccin 2: Grumble's Department Store
(reading)
Dear Susan,
Hi! I have a summer job at Grumble's Department Store. I work
on the fifth floor, in the women'sclothing department. The store
is always crowded with a lot ofcustomers. I have to smile and
say: "Can I help you?" I really want to say: "Go
home!" I usually have to standall day, and I don't have any
breaks. Ineed a vacation!

Tammy
Practice









Test







Leccin 3: Don't Do That (speaking)


- Peterson, what are you doing?
- Oh. Um. I'm writing a report.
- Well, don't put your feet on the desk.
- Yes, sir. Sorry.
- And tomorrow don't wear jeans. Put on a suit.
- A suit. Ah... sure.
Leccion 4: Have to (Grammar)

- It's time for bed, Michael.
- Aw, Mom. Do I have to go to bed now?
- Yes, you do. It's late and you have to go to school tomorrow.

USE:
The Semi-modal HAVE TO is used with verbs and adds a
special meaning.

MEANING:
"He has to leave early." (OBLIGATION).

FORM:
Like other Modals and Semi-modals, HAVE TO goes before the
verb. It has the same form as regular verbs.
AFFIRMATIVE:
[HAVE TO + VERB + REST]
He has to leave early.
They have to do their homework.


NEGATIVE:

[DO/DOES (NOT) + SEMI-MODAL + VERB + REST]
The boys don't have to work today.


YES/NO QUESTIONS:

[DO/DOES(NOT) + SUBJECT + HAVE TO + VERB + REST]
Do I have to leave now?
Doesn't she have to study for her test?

Answers:
Yes, I do.
No, she doesn't.

WH-QUESTIONS:
[WH-WORD + (DO/DOES + SUBJECT) + HAVE TO + VERB +
REST]
Who has to leave?
When do you have to call your parents?

EXAMPLES:
Mother: "It's time for bed, Michael."
Rick: "Aw, Mom. Do I have to go to bed now?"
Mother: "Yes, you do. It's late and you have to goto school
tomorrow."


Practice










Test






LECCION 6 MAY (GRAMMAR)

- Mom, may I have a cookie?
- OK, but only one. Your brother may want one, too.

USE:
The Modal MAY is used with verbs and adds a special meaning.
Like most Modals, MAY has more than one meaning.

MEANING:


"You may leave early."(PERMISSION)
"They may buy a new house." (POSSIBILITY)
FORM:
Like other Modals, MAY goes before the verb and only has one
form.
AFFIRMATIVE
[MAY + VERB]
John may go with you.
They may visit us later.





NEGATIVE

[MAY + NOT + VERB]
You may not leave the table.
We may not go to the party later.


YES/NO QUESTIONS

[MAY + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
May we leave now?
May I help me?

Answers:
Yes, you may.
No, you may not.

WH-QUESTIONS
[WH-WORD + MAY... VERB...]
When may we leave?

EXAMPLES:
Girl: "Mom, may I have a cookie?"
Mother: "Okay, but only one. Your brother may
want one, too."

PRACTICE










TEST





VOCABULARY
Break noun

a short time when you stop what you are doing and
have a rest
I worked for eight hours without a break.

Desk noun

a table you sit at to write and work
He sits at his desk to do his homework.

Factory noun

a building where workers and machines make
products
Three hundred people work in the clothing factory.

high salary expression

a lot of money you get for doing a job
He works hard but he gets a high salary.

Meeting noun

when people get together to discuss things and
make decisions
I have a meeting at 10 o'clock.
officenoun

a room with desks where people work for a company
Four people work in this office.
start a business expression

to begin an organization that buys or sells products
or services
I started a business from home.

Suit noun

a matching jacket and pants/skirt
He wears a suit to work.

summer job noun

work during the summer vacation
She has a summer job in an ice cream store.
write a report expression

to type a document with a summary of a subject
Please write a report of our meeting today.