4BCh08 (More About Trigonometry 1)

Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B
8 More about Trigonometry (I)

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1
Activity y
tan AOQ  
x
Activity 8.1 (p. 116) 4. sin (180 – ) = sin 
Angle  lies in 5. cos (180 – ) = cos , tan (180 – ) = tan 

Quadrant I Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant IV
Sign of x positive negative negative positive
Sign of y positive positive negative negative Follow-up Exercise
Sign of r positive positive positive positive
Sign of sin  positive positive negative negative
p. 112
Sign of cos  positive negative negative positive
(a)
Sign of tan  positive negative positive negative
1. I and II 2. I and IV 3. I and III
Activity 8.2 (p. 122)
1.  0 30 60 90 120 150 180

sin  0.000 0.500 0.875 1.000 0.875 0.500 0.000
 210 240 270 300 330 360  lies in quadrant III.

sin  –0.500 –0.875 –1.000 –0.875 –0.500 0.000
(b)
2.
 lies in quadrant II.
(c)
 lies in quadrant IV.
(d)
3. 1. The graph of y = sin  for
180    360 can be obtained by
inverting the graph of y = sin  for
0    180 .
2. The maximum value of sin  = 1; the minimum
value of sin  = 1.
Activity 8.3 (p. 142)

 lies in quadrant II.
y
1. sin  = y, cos  = x, tan  
x
2. (a) (x, y)
(b) 180  
3. sin AOQ = y, cos AOQ = x,
2
(e) By definition, we have

y 21
sin   
r 29
∴ x 20
cos   
r 29
y 21
tan   
x 20
 lies in quadrant III.
4. ∵ x = 1, y = 2
(f) r  OP
∴
 12  ( 2) 2
 5
By definition, we have
y 2  2 5 
sin     or 
r 5  5 

∴ x 1  5 
 lies in quadrant I. cos     or 
r 5  5 
 
p. 114 y
1. ∵ x = 5, y = 12 tan    2
r  OP x
∴
 5 2  12 2 p. 119
 13 1. (a) ∵ 200 lies in quadrant III and the sine ratio
By definition, we have is negative in this quadrant.
∴ sin 200 is negative.
y 12
sin    (b) ∵ 340 lies in quadrant IV and the tangent
r 13 ratio is negative in this quadrant.
x 5 ∴ tan 340 is negative.
∴ cos   
r 13 (c) ∵ 380 lies in quadrant I and the cosine ratio
is positive in this quadrant.
y 12 ∴ cos 380 is positive.
tan   
x 5 (d) ∵ 150 lies in quadrant II and the cosine ratio
is negative in this quadrant.
∴ cos 150 is negative.
2. ∵ x = 1, y = 3
(e) ∵ 240 lies in quadrant III and the cosine
r  OP
ratio is negative in this quadrant.
∴ ∴ cos 240 is negative.
 ( 1) 2  3 2
(f) ∵ 500 lies in quadrant II and the tangent
 10 ratio is negative in this quadrant.
By definition, we have ∴ tan 500 is negative.negative (b)
y 3  3 10  negative
sin     or (c) positive (d) negative
r 10  10 
 (e) negative (f) negative
∴ x 1  10 
cos     or   2. 2. (a) ∵ sin  < 0
r 10  10  ∴  lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.III and
 
IV
y (b) ∵ cos  > 0
tan    3
x ∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
(c) ∵ tan  < 0
3. ∵ x = 20, y = 21 ∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
r  OP (d) ∵ sin  > 0
∴ ∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
 (20) 2  (21) 2
(e) ∵ cos   0
 29 ∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
∵ tan   0
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant III.
∴  must lie in quadrant III.
(b) I and IV
(c) II and IV (d) I and II
3
(e) III y  3(1)

∴ The maximum value of
3
8
3. ∵ tan   0 y  3( 1)
15 The minimum value of
 3
∴  lies in quadrant I or quandrant III.
∵ sin   0
∴  lies in quadrant III or quandrant IV.
∴ Combining the above results,  must lies in
quadrant III.
8
∵ tan  
15
∴ P(15, 8) is a point on the terminal side of .
OP  r
 (15) 2  (8) 2
 17
8 15
∴ sin    , cos   
17 17
p. 130
1. (a) From the graph, the maximum and minimum
values of y  2 y are 2 and –2 respectively.
, the minimum value of y  2
(b) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 120.

∴ TFrom the graph, the period of the function
y = f(x) is 120.
2. (a)
(b) From the graph, the maximum and minimum

values of y are 1 and –1 respectively.
the minimum value of y  1
(c) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

∴ Yes, the period of y = cos 2x is a periodic
function with period s 180.
3. (a) ∵ 1  cos x  1
4
(b) ∵ 1  cos x  1
y  2(1)  1
1
The minimum value of
y  2( 1)  1
 3
(c) ∵ 1  sin x  1
1
y 
4( 1)  5
1
1
y 
The minimum value of 4(1)  5
1

9
p. 133
(a) (iii) (b) (i)
(c) (iv) (d) (ii)
p. 139
1.
(a) The corresponding pair of simultaneous

1
equations for solving cos x   are
2
 y  cos x


 y

 
1
2
.
1
Draw the straight line y   on the graph
2
of y = cos x.
From the graph, the solutions of
1
cos x   for 0  x  360 are x =
2
120 or 240.
(b) The corresponding pair of simultaneous

equations for solving cos x = 1 are
 y  cos x

 y  1
.
Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of
y = cos x.
From the graph, the solution of
cos x = 1 for 0  x  360 is x = 180.
5
2. tan 135  tan (180  45)

2. (a)   tan 45
 1
sin 405  sin (360  45)

 sin 45
(b)
2

2
The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for

1 cos 300  cos (360  60)
solving tan x 
 y  tan x
are 
 1 .
 cos 60
 y 
2  2
(c)
1 1
Draw the straight line y  on the graph of 
2 2
y = tan x.
1 cos (360   )
From the graph, the solutions of tan x  for 3. (a)  tan (180   )
2 sin (180   )
0  x  360 are x = 27 or 207. cos 
  (  tan  )
3.  sin 
cos  sin 
 
sin  cos 
1
(b)
sin (360   )  tan   cos (180   ) 

1
tan (180   )
The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for sin   cos  
 y  sin 3 x
solving sin 3x = sin x are  .  sin    
 y  sin x cos   tan  
Draw the graph of y = sin x on the graph of y = sin 3x.
sin 2 cos 2
 
From the graph, the solutions of sin 3x = sin x for cos  sin 
0  x  360 are x = 0, 45, 135, 180, 225,
315 or 360. p. 149
1. sin   sin 20
p. 146
tan 220  tan (180  40) 0
1. (a)   180  20 or 360  20
 tan 40 ∴
  200 or 340
cos 110   cos (180  70)

(b) tan   tan 38
  cos 70 2.
0
∴   38 or 180  38
sin 320  sin (360  40)   38 or 218
(c)
  sin 40
3. cos   cos 62
sin 500  sin (360  140)
0
∴   180  62 or 180  62
 sin 140
(d)   118  or 242
 sin (180  40)
 sin 40
2
4. ∵ sin   
2
6
sin   sin 45

∴   180  45
∴   225
or 360  45
or 315 or 180  26.6
or 206.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
1 or 180  26. 6
5. ∵ tan  
3
tan   tan 30
or 206 .6 ( co r. to 1 d .p. )
∴   30
2. 2 sin 2 x  sin x  0
∴   30
sin x ( 2 sin x  1)  0
1
or 180  30 sin x  0 or sin x  
2
or 210
When sin x  0,
x  0, 180 or 360
1
6. ∵
∴ cos    1
3 sin x   ,
2
cos   cos 70.5 When
∴ sin x  sin 30
  180  70.5
x  180  30 or 360  30
  109.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
x  210 or 330
∴
or 180  70.5 x  0, 180, 210, 330 or 360
or 250.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
2 sin 2 x  cos x  1
cos   cos 70.5
2(1  cos 2 x )  cos x  1
  180  70.5 3.
  109.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 2  2 cos 2 x  cos x  1
∴
2 cos 2 x  cos x  3  0
(cos x  1)( 2 cos x  3)  0
or 180  70.5
or 250.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 3
cos x = 1 or cos x   (rejected)
2
When cos x = 1,
x  0 or 360
2 cos 2 x  3 sin x
4. 2(1  sin 2 x )  3 sin x
p. 151 2 sin 2 x  3 sin x  2  0

3 sin x  2 cos x  sin x  3 cos x ( 2 sin x  1)(sin x  2)  0
2 sin x  cos x 1
sin x  or sin x = 2 (rejected)
1 2
1. tan x 
2
tan x  tan 26.6
x  26.6
∴
x  26.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
7
1
When sin x  , AD
2 tan DBA 
sin x  sin 30 AB
x  30 or 180  30 10 m
tan 30 
x  30 or 150 a
10
(b) a m
tan 30
Exercise 10
 m
1
Exercise 8A (p. 107) 3
Level 1
AC  10 3 m
cos  
AB
1. (a) 4 BD 2  AD 2  AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)

5 BD  10 2  (10 3 ) 2 m
  36.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 20 m
BD
AC cos CBD 
sin B  BC
AB 20 m
(b) x cos 45 
sin 50  b
6 cm
20
x  6 sin 50 cm b m
cos 45
 4.60 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
20
 m
1
BC
tan A  2
AC
9m  20 2 m
(c)
tan 74 
y
9
y m 3. ∵ sin 2  cos 2  1
tan 74
 2.58 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) cos   1  sin 2
2
4
AC  1  
sin B  5
AB
x 16
sin 30   1
8m 25
2. (a)
x  8 sin 30 m 9

 1 25
 8  m
 2 ∴ 3

4m 5
AC sin 
tan D  tan  
AD cos 
x 4
tan 60 
y  5
4m 3
 5
y
4
4 
y m 3
tan 60
4  4 3 
 m  or m
3  3 
 
8
4. ∵ sin 2  cos 2  1 tan 25 tan (32   )  1

1
sin   1  cos 2 tan (32   ) 
tan 25
2
3 (b) tan (32   )  tan (90  25)
 1  
7 tan (32   )  tan 65
40 32    65
   33
49

2 10 7 tan 2 (90   ) 7

∴ 7 cos 2
tan  cos 2 
2
sin  7
tan   
cos  7. (a)
sin 
2
 cos 2
2 10 cos 2
 7 7
3 
sin 2
7
2 10
  tan  sin  
3 (b) cos    
 sin  tan  
1
5. ∵ tan    sin  1 cos  
11  cos     sin   
 cos  sin  sin  
sin  1
  1 
cos  11  cos    cos  
sin   11 cos   cos  
sin 2  (11 cos  ) 2  1  cos 2
∴
sin 2  121 cos 2  sin 2
1  cos 2  121 cos 2 8. (a)

1
cos 2 
122 cos 2 63  cos 2 27  cos 2 63  sin 2 (90  27)
1    cos 2 63  sin 2 63
∴ cos    or 122 
122  122  1

∵ sin   11 cos 
1 8
sin   11  (b) 1
122 tan 14 tan 3 76
3
∴
 11 122  8
11  or   1
 tan (90  76) tan 3 76
3
122  122 
8
 1
cos (  46)  sin 56 tan 3 76
6. (a) cos (  46)  sin (90  34) tan 3 76
cos (  46)  cos 34  7
∴   46  34
  80 Level 2
9.
9
Draw AM  BC.
Obviously, △ABM  △ACM.
Construct the traingle ABC as shown. ∴ BM = MC = 20 cm (corr. sides,  △s)
AB AM
tan C  tan B 
BC BM
AB AM
tan 60  tan 30 
12 cm BM
AB  12 tan 60 cm
AM  20 tan 30 cm
 12 3 cm 20
 cm
1 3
  BC  AB
2 ∴ Area of △ABC
∴ Area of △ABC 1 
   12  12 3  cm 2 1
 2    BC  AM
2
 72 3 cm 2
1 20 
   40   cm 2

 2 3 
x
sin 30 
50 cm 400  400 3 
 cm 2  or cm 2 
x  50 sin 30 cm 3  3 
10. (a)  
 1
  50   cm
 2 BC
12. sin A 
 25 cm AB
x x 4  13
y  sin  
tan 30 tan 45 104
  1
  
25 25 2

 1   cm ∴
1    30
 
 3 
 25(1  3 ) cm 13.     90
∴ ∵
  90  
6 cm
cos 60 
p sin 2  (sin  cos   sin  cos  )
6 1  sin 2
p cm
(b) cos 60 sin 2 (90   )[sin  cos (90   )  sin (90   ) co

6
 cm 1  sin 2
1
cos 2 (sin 2  cos 2 )
2 
cos 2
 12 cm
1
q  6 cm
sin 60 
p
 1 
q  6 cm  12 sin 60 cm 14. (a) sin 2 1    cos 2
 tan 2 
  3 
q  12   6 cm
cos 2
 2   sin 2  sin 2   cos 2
   
sin 2
 6( 3  1) cm
 sin 2
11.
(b) tan 2 (90   )(cos   1)(cos   1)
10
cos 2  1 By definition, we have

 y 3  
tan 2 sin     or 3 13 
r 13  13 
cos 2  
 sin 2 
sin 2 x 2  
cos     or  2 13 
 
  cos 
2 r 13  13 
y 3
tan   
sin   cos   1
2 2
x 2
∴ sin   1  cos 2
3. ∵ x = 12, y = 5
15. (a) ∵ 7
2
r  OP
 1   ∴
9  ( 12) 2  ( 5) 2
4 2  13

9 By definition, we have
y 5
sin  sin   
tan   r 13
cos 
x 12
4 2 cos   
r 13
 9 y 5 5
7 tan    
x  12 12
9
4 2 4. ∵ x = 2, y = 6

7 r  OP
∴  2 2  ( 6) 2
63 (cos   sin  )
2 2
 40
(b)
16 tan 2 (90   )  2 10
63 (cos 2  sin 2 ) tan 2 By definition, we have
 y 6 3
16 sin    
 r 2 10 10
4 2   4 2
2 2
63  7 
2

        
16  9   9    7  x 2 1
     cos    
 r 2 10 10
34
 y 6
63 tan     3
x 2
 
Exercise 8B (p. 120)  or  3 10 
Level 1  10 
 
1. ∵ x = 6, y = 8
 
r  OP  or 10 
∴  10 
 6 2  82  
 10
5.
y 8 4
sin    
r 10 5 sin 180  cos 180  tan 180  0  ( 1)  0
x 6 3  1
cos    
r 10 5
6.
y 8 4
tan     3
x 6 3  tan 270  sin 60  cos 180   tan 270  1
2
∵ tan 270 is undefined.
2. ∵ x = 2, y = 3 ∴ The whole expression is undefined.
r  OP
∴ cos 2 270  sin 2 270  0 2  ( 1) 2
 ( 2) 2  32 7.
 1
 13
11
 2
2 5 12
cos 90 0 cos    , tan   
 sin 2 45    ∴ 13 5
8. sin 270 1  
 2 
1 12.

2
9.
2
∵ sin    and 180 <  < 270
3
∴  lies in quadrant III.
11 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  and
∵ tan   and  lies in quadrant III.
OP = r.
60
From the definition of the sine ratio, we may let
OP  r r = 3 and y = 2.
 (60) 2  ( 11) 2 Since  lies in quadrant III, x < 0.
 61 x   r2  y2
11 60 ∴
∴ sin    , cos      3 2  ( 2) 2
61 61
 5
10. 5 2 2
∴ cos    , tan   
3  5 5
 
 or 2 5 
 5 
 
13.
112
∵ tan    and  lies in quadrant II.
15
∴ P(15, 112) is a point on the terminal side of .
OP  r
 ( 15) 2  112 2
 113
112 15 1
sin   , cos    ∵ cos   and 270 <  < 360
∴ 4
113 113
∴  lies in quadrant IV.
11. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  and
OP = r.
From the definition of the cosine ratio, we may let
r = 4 and x = 1.
Since  lies in quadrant IV, y < 0.
y   r 2  x2
∴
  4 2  12
  15
12
∵ sin   and  lies in quadrant II. 15
13 ∴ sin    , tan    15
4
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  and
OP = r.
From the definition of the sine ratio, we may let 14. ∵ cos  tan  < 0
r = 13 and y = 12. ∴ cos  > 0 and tan  < 0 or cos  < 0 and
Since  lies in quadrant II, x < 0. tan  > 0
For cos  > 0 and tan  < 0,  lies in quadrant IV.
x   r2  y2
∴ For cos  < 0 and tan  > 0,  lies in quadrant III.
  13 2  12 2 ∴  lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
 5
12
sin   cos   1
15. (sin   cos  ) 2  12
sin 2  2 sin  cos   cos 2  1
2 sin  cos   0
∴
∴ sin   0 or
  0, 180, 360,  or
cos   0
8
∵ sin    and tan  < 0
  90, 270,  17
∴  lies in quadrant IV.
When  = 0,
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and
sin   cos   sin 0  cos 0 OP = r.
 0 1 From the definition of the sine ratio, we may let
1 r = 17 and y = 8.
Since  lies in quadrant IV, x > 0.
When  = 90,
sin   cos   sin 90  cos 90 x r2  y2
∴
 1 0  17 2  (8) 2
1  15
When  = 180, 15 8
sin   cos   sin 180  cos 180 ∴ cos   , tan   
17 15
 0  ( 1)
 1
When  = 270,
sin   cos   sin 270  cos 270
 1  0
 1
When  = 360,
sin   cos   sin 360  cos 360
 0 1
1
∴  = 0, 90, 360, … are solutions of sin  +
cos  = 1.
Level 2
16.
sin 90 sin 270 cos 180  1  ( 1)  ( 1)

1
sin 2 90  cos 270 12  0

17.

sin 270
3
( 1)3
 1
18.
( tan 180  sin 90) 2  (sin 270  cos 0)
 (0  1) 2  ( 1  1)
 2
19.
(cos 270  sin 2 270)3  ( tan 45  cos3 180)3
 [0  ( 1) 2 ]3  [1  ( 1)3 ]3
 ( 1)  8
 8
20.
13
21. 4
∵ sin   and cos  < 0
5
∴  lies in quadrant II.
Let P(x, y) is a point on the terminal side of  and
OP = r.
r = 5 and y = 4.
Since  lies in quadrant II, x < 0.
12 x   r2  y2
∵ cos    and tan  > 0
37 ∴
  52  4 2
∴  lies in quadrant III.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and  3
OP = r. 3 4
From the definition of the cosine ratio, we may let cos    , tan   
5 3
r = 37 and x = 12.
Since  lies in quadrant III, y < 0. 4  3
tan   2 cos     2  
y   r 2  x2 ∴ 3  5
∴ 38
  37 2  ( 12) 2 
15
 35
35 35 35
∴ sin    , tan    24.
37  12 12
22.
5
∵ tan   
55 3
∵ tan   0 ∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
48
∵ cos > 0
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant III. ∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
∵ sin < 0 ∴  must lie in quadrant IV.
∴  lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
5
∴  must lie in quadrant III. ∵ tan   
55 3
∵ tan   ∴ P(3, 5) is a point on the terminal side of  .
48
OP  r
OP  r  32  ( 5) 2
 ( 48) 2  (55) 2  34
 73 5 3
sin    , cos  
55 48 34 34
sin    , cos   
73 73 5 3
sin   cos    
 55  48  34 34
2 sin  cos   2     ∴
 73  73  2  
∴   or  34 
5280 34  17 
 
5329
1
23. 25. ∵ cos  
4
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
OP = r.
r = 4 and x = 1.
14
Case 1:  lies in quadrant I

Since  lies in quadrant I, y > 0. Case 2:  lies in quadrant IV
y r 2  x2
∴ y   r 2  x2
 4 2  12 ∴
 15   ( 13 ) 2  32
 2
15
∴ sin  
4
2
∴ tan   
Case 2:  lies in quadrant IV 3
3
27. ∵ sin  
8
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
OP = r.
r = 8 and y = 3.
Case 1:  lies in quadrant I
y   r 2  x2 Since  lies in quadrant I, x > 0.
∴
  4 2  12
  15
15
∴ sin   
4
3 x r2  y2
26. ∵ cos  
13 ∴
 82  32
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  and  55
OP = r. 55
From the definition of the cosine ratio, we may let ∴ cos  
8
r  13 and x = 3.
Case 1:  lies in quadrant I Case 2:  lies in quadrant II
Since  lies in quadrant I, y > 0. Since  lies in quadrant II, x < 0.
y r 2  x2 x   r 2  y2
∴ ∴
 ( 13 ) 2  32   8 2  32
2   55
2
∴ tan  
3
15
55 7. ∵ 1  cos x  1
∴ cos   
8 1
y  3 (1)
The maximum value of 4
∴
Exercise 8C (p. 134) 1
Level 1 3
4
1.
1
y  3 (1)
The minimum value of 4
3
2
4
8. ∵ 1  sin 2 x  1
y  3(1)
3
y  3( 1)
2.  3
9.
3. ∵ The graph repeats itself every 60.

∴ The period of the function is 60.
4. ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

∴ The period of the function is 180. (or any other reasonable sketch)
5. ∵ 1  sin x  1 5 3
10. Take y  cos x  .
y  2  (1) 2 2
3 ∵ 1  cos x  1
y  2  ( 1) 5 3
The minimum value of ∴ The maximum value of
y (1) 
1 2 2
4
6. ∵ 1  cos x  1 5 3
y  5  ( 1) The minimum value of y  2 ( 1)  2
6 1
y  5  (1) 5 3
The minimum value of ∴ The function y  cos x  has its
4 2 2
maximum and minimum values equal to 4 and
1 respectively.
(or any other reasonable answers)
16
Level 2 1 3
values of the function are  and 
11. 2 2
respectively.

1
∴ y cos 2 x  1 is a periodic
2
function with period 180.
15. (a)
12.

values of the function are 3 and 1 respectively.

x
13. (a) ∴ y  sin  2 is a periodic function
2
with period 720.
16. ∵ 1  cos x  1
3
y 
The maximum value of 2( 1)  7
∴
3

5
3
y
1

3
17. ∵ 1  sin x  1
values of the function are 2 and –2 respectively. 2
y 
∴ The maximum value of 3( 1)  4
(c) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 120. 2
∴ y  2 cos 3 x is a periodic function
2
with period 120. y 
14. (a) 2

7
18. ∵ 1  cos x  1
∴  0  cos 2 x  1
2
y  (1)
∴ The maximum value of 3
2

3
17
2 2.
y  ( 0)
The minimum value of 3
0
19. ∵ 1  sin x  1
∴  0  sin 2 x  1
1
y
∴ The maximum value of 2  3(0)
1

2
1
y  (a) The corresponding pair of simultaneous
2  3(1)
The minimum value of equations for solving cos 2 x  0.5 are
1 y  cos 2 x
 
y  0 .5 .
5
Draw the straight line y  0.5 on the graph
of y  cos 2 x .
Exercise 8D (p. 140)
From the graph, the solutions of cos
Level 1
2 x  0.5 for 0  x  360 are
1. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for x  30 , 150 , 210 or 330 .
 y  tan x
solving tan x  1 are  y  1
.
(b) The corresponding pair of simultaneous
Draw the straight line y  1 on the graph of
equations for solving cos 2 x  1 are
y  tan x . y  cos 2 x

y  1 .
Draw the straight line y  1 on the graph
of y  cos 2 x .
From the graph, the solutions of cos 2 x  1
for 0  x  360 are x  90 or
270 .
2 sin 2 x  1  0
3.
1
sin 2 x  
2
∴ The corresponding pair of simultaneous
1
equations for solving sin 2 x   are
2
y  sin 2 x

y  0.5 .
Draw the straight line y  0.5 on the graph of
y  sin 2 x .
From the graph, the solutions of tan x  1 for

0  x  360 are x  45 or 225 .
From the graph, the solutions of 2 sin 2 x  1  0

for 0  x  360 are x  105 , 165 ,
285 or 345 .
18
4. sin x  3 cos x  1  0
sin x  3 cos x  1
∴ The corresponding pair of simultaneous
equations for solving
sin x  3 cos x  1 are

y  sin x  3 cos x


y  1 .
y  sin x  3 cos x .

1
cos ( x  20)   for 0  x  360
2
are x  100 or 220 .
7. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for

solving tan ( 2 x  15)  1 are
 y  tan ( 2 x  15)

 y  1
.
Draw the graph of y  tan ( 2 x  15) and
From the graph, the solutions of y  1 on the same rectangular coordinate plane
sin x  3 cos x  1  0 for for 0  x  360 .
0  x  360 are x  90 or 330 .
5.
From the graph, the solutions of sin x  cos x

for 0  x  360 are x  45 or 225 .
tan ( 2 x  15)  1 for 0  x  360
Level 2 are x  60 , 150 , 240 or 330 .
6. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for 8. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for
1 solving sin x  cos x  1 are
solving cos ( x  20)   are  y  sin x
2 
 y  cos x  1
.
Draw the graph of y  sin x and y  cos x  1
 y  cos ( x  20)


 y

 
1
2
.
on the same rectangular coordinate plane for
Draw the graph of y  cos ( x  20) and
0  x  360 .
1
y on the same rectangular coordinate plane
2
for 0  x  360 .
19
(ii) By substituting x  0 , y  2 and

x  90 , y  1 into y  a sin x
 b cos x , we have
2  a sin 0  b cos 0 ......(1)


 1  a sin 90  b cos 90 ......( 2)
From (1), we have

2  a (0)  b(1)
b  2
From (2), we have
1  a (1)  b (0)
a 1
(c) The corresponding pair of simultaneous
equations for solving
a sin x  b cos x  0.5 are
 y  a sin x  b cos x
sin x  cos x  1 for 0  x  360 are 
 y  0.5
.
x  90 or 180 . Draw the straight line y  0.5 on the graph
of y  a sin x  b cos x .
9. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for From the graph, the solutions of
solving cos 3 x  cos x are a sin x  b cos x  0.5 for
y  cos 3 x

y  cos x . 0  x  360 are x  102 or
Draw the graph of y  cos 3 x and y  cos x 312 .
on the same rectangular coordinate plane for
0  x  360 . Exercise 8E (p. 146)
Level 1
sin 110   sin (180  70)

1. (a)
 sin 70
sin 230  sin (180  50)

(b)
  sin 50
sin 325  sin (360  35)

(c)
  sin 35
From the graph, the solutions of cos 3 x  cos x sin 280  sin (360  80)
(d)
for 0  x  360 are x  0 , 90 ,   sin 80
180 , 270 or 360 .
10. cos 100  cos (180  80)

2. (a)
  cos 80
cos 220  cos (180  40)

(b)
  cos 40
cos 255  cos (180  75)

(c)
  cos 75
cos 285  cos (360  75)

(d)
 cos 75
(a) From the graph, the maximum and minimum
values of y are 2.2 and 2.2 respectively.
tan 120  tan (180  60)
(b) (i) From the graph, when x  0 , y  2 3. (a)
  tan 60
when x  90 , y  1
20
tan 230  tan (180  50) sin 390 cos 315

(b)
 tan 50 tan 225
sin (360  30) cos (360  45)
tan 290  tan (360  70) 
(c) tan (180  45)
  tan 70
sin 30 cos 45

tan 140  tan (180  40) tan 45
(d)
  tan 40 1 2

 2 2
cos 144  cos (180  36) 1
4. (a)
  cos 36
2

4
tan 254  tan (180  74)
(b)
 tan 74
(b)
cos 325  cos (360  35) sin 150 cos 240

(c)
 cos 35
cos 180  tan 135
sin (180  30) cos (180  60)
sin 295  sin (360  65) 
(d)  1  tan (180  45)
  sin 65
sin 30 (  cos 60)

sin 450  sin (360  90)  1  (  tan 45)
5. (a)  sin 90 1 1
 
1 2 2

 1  ( 1)
cos 315  cos (360  45)
1
 cos 45 
(b) 8
2

2 (c)
cos 150  cos (180  30) sin 2 170  cos 2 350

  cos 30 sin 2 270  tan 135
(c)
3 sin 2 (180  10)  cos 2 (360  10)

2 
( 1) 2  tan (180  45)
tan 240  tan (180  60) sin 2 10  cos 2 10

(d)  tan 60 1  (  tan 45)
 3 1

11
Level 2 1
6. (a) 
2
(d)
sin 2 400  cos 2 220  tan 2 315

 sin 2 (360  40)  cos 2 (180  40) 
tan 2 (360  45)
 sin 2 40  ( cos 40) 2  (  tan 45) 2
 sin 2 40  cos 2 40  tan 2 45
 1  12
2
21
(e) sin 2 (90   )

sin 330 tan 225  sin 315 cos 210 tan 120 sin (180   ) tan (90   )
 sin (360  30) tan (180  45)  cos 2 

sin (360  45) cos (180  30) 1
sin  
(d) tan 
tan (180  60)
 (  sin 30) tan 45  (  sin 45) (  cos 30) cos 2 

(  tan 60) cos 
sin  
  sin 30 tan 45  sin 45 cos 30 tan 60 sin 
1 2 3  cos 
 1    3
2 2 2
3 2 2 1
 sin (360   )  
4 tan (180   )
cos   cos (180   )
cos (360   ) (e) sin 
 sin (360   )   cos  (  cos  )
sin (180   ) tan 
7. (a) cos   cos   cos 2 
  (  sin  )
 sin   cos  (1  cos  )
 cos 
(f)
1
cos (360   )  sin (180   ) cos (  ) tan (360   )
cos (360   )  
sin (180   ) sin (360   ) tan (360   )
1
 cos    sin  cos  tan 
cos    
(b) sin   sin   tan 
cos 2   1 1
  1  1
cos  tan 
sin 2   
 1 cos   2 sin 
cos   2  or 
tan   sin  
tan 2 
1  tan 2 
sin 2  1
 
cos 2  sin 2 
1
cos2 
(c) sin 2  1
 
cos 2  cos   sin 2 
2
cos 2 
sin 2  cos 2 
 
cos 2  cos   sin 2 
2
 sin 2 
22
A  B  C  180 ( sum of △) ∴
8. ∵ x  147.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 212.9
∴ (cor. to 1 d.p.)
sin  B sin  A  sin ( B   C ) sin ( A 7. C )sin x   sin 54
sin  B cos  A  cos ( B   C ) sin ( A   C ∴) x  180  54 or 360  54
sin  B sin  A  sin (180   A) sin (180   B )x  234 or 306

sin  B cos  A  cos (180   A) sin (180   B )
sin  B sin  A  sin  A sin  B 8. cos x  cos 66

sin  B cos  A  cos  A sin  B ∴ x  66 or 360  66
x  66 or 294
2 sin  A sin  B

2 cos  A sin  B
9. tan x   tan 18
 tan  A ∴ x  180  18 or 360  18
x  162 or 342
Exercise 8F (p. 151)
Level 1 sin x  cos x  0
sin x  cos x
1. ∵ tan x  3
tan x  tan 60 sin x
∴ 1
10. cos x
x  60 or 180  60
x  60 or 240 tan x  1
∴ ∴
tan x  tan 45
1 x  45 or 180  45
2. ∵ cos x  
2 x  45 or 225
∴ cos x   cos 60
3 cos x  5 sin x   cos x  sin x
x  180  60 or 180  60 4 cos x  6 sin x
∴ x  120 or 240
2
11. tan x 
3
2 ∴ tan x  tan 33.7
3. ∵ sin x 
2 x  33.7 or 180  33.7
∴ sin x  sin 45 x  33.7 or 213.7
x  45 or 180  45 (cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ x  45 or 135
2 tan x (tan x  1)  0
4. ∵ sin x  0.56
tan x  0 or tan x  1
∴ sin x  sin 34.1
When tan x  0,
12.
x  34.1 or 180  34.1 x  0, 180 or 360
∴ x  34.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or When tan x  1,
x  45 or 180  45
145.9
i.e. x  45 or 225
(cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ x  0, 45, 180, 225 or 360
5. ∵ tan x  0.48
13.
∴ tan x   tan 25.6
( 2 sin x  1) (sin x  3)  0
x  180  25.6 or 360  25.6
2 sin x  1  0 or sin x  3  0
∴
x  154.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 334.4 1
sin x   or sin x  3 (rejected)
(cor. to 1 d.p.) 2
1
6. ∵ cos x  0.84 When sin x   ,
2
∴ cos x   cos 32.9
x  180  30 or 360  30
x  180  32.9 or 180  32.9 ∴ x  210 or 330
23
tan 2 x  tan x  2
14. 18.
tan 2 x  tan x  2  0
( 2 cos x  3) ( 2 cos x  1)  0 (tan x  1) (tan x  2)  0
2 cos x  3  0 or 2 cos x  1  0 tan x  1 or tan x  2
3 1 When tan x  1 ,
cos x  
(rejected) or cos x  x  180  45 or 360  45
2 2
1 i.e. x  135 or 315
When cos x  , When tan x  2 ,
2
x  60 or 360  60
∴ x  60 or 300 x  63.4 or 180  63.4

i.e. x  63.4 or 243.4
Level 2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴
15.
x  63.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.),135,
3 tan x  5 243.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 315
2
4  tan x
3 tan x  5  8  2 tan x 2 sin 2 x  3 cos x  3  0
3 2 (1  cos 2 x)  3 cos x  3  0
tan x 
5 2 cos 2 x  3 cos x  1  0
tan x  tan 31.0 19.
(2 cos x  1) (cos x  1)  0
x  31.0 or 180  31.0
2 cos x  1  0 or cos x  1  0
∴ x  31.0 or 211 .0
1
(cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.) cos x  or cos x  1
2
2 sin 2 x  1 1
When cos x  ,
1 2
16. sin 2 x  x  60 or 360  60
2
1 1 i.e. x  60 or 300
sin x  or sin x   When cos x  1 ,
2 2 x  0 or 360
1
When sin x  , ∴ x  0, 60, 300 or 360
2
x  45 or 180  45 cos 2 x  sin 2 x   sin x
i.e. x  45 or 135 20. (1  sin 2 x )  sin 2 x   sin x
1
When sin x   , 2 sin 2 x  sin x  1  0
2
( 2 sin x  1) (sin x  1)  0
x  180  45 or 360  45
2 sin x  1  0 or sin x  1  0
i.e. x  225 or 315
1
∴ x  45, 135, 225 or 315 sin x   or sin x  1
2
tan 2 x  3 1
17. When sin x   ,
tan x  3 or tan x   3 2
x  180  30 or 360  30
When tan x  3 ,
i.e. x  210 or 330
x  60 or 180  60
When sin x  1 ,
i.e. x  60 or 240
x  90
When tan x   3 ,
∴ x  90, 210 or 330
x  180  60 or 360  60
i.e. x  120 or 300
∴ x  60, 120, 240 or 300
24
3 cos 2 x  sin x  3  0 22. 5 sin 2 x  4 sin x  0

21. 3(1  sin 2 x)  sin x  3  0 sin x (5 sin x  4)  0
3 sin 2 x  sin x  0 sin x  0 or 5 sin x  4  0
sin x (3 sin x  1)  0 4
sin x  0 or sin x  
sin x  0 or 3 sin x  1  0 5
When sin x  0 ,
1
sin x  0 or sin x   x  0, 180 or 360
3
When sin x  0 ,
4
When sin x   ,
x  0, 180 or 360 5
sin x   sin 53.1
1
When sin x   , x  180  53.1 or 360  53.1
3 i.e.
x  233.1 or 306.9
sin x   sin 19.5
(cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.)
i.e.
x  180  19.5 or 360  19.5 ∴
x  199.5 or 340.5
x  0, 180, 233.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.),
∴ 306.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 360
x  0, 180, 199.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.),

1
340.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 360 tan x  2
tan x
23. (a) tan 2 x  1

2
tan x
tan 2 x  2 tan x  1  0
(tan x  1) 2  0
1
tan x  2
tan x
(b)
(tan x  1) 2  0 (by (a))
tan x  1
x  45 or 180  45
∴ x  45 or 225
1  cos x
tan x 
2 sin x
sin x 1  cos x

24. (a) cos x 2 sin x
2 sin 2 x  cos x  cos 2 x
2 (1  cos 2 x)  cos x  cos 2 x
3 cos 2 x  cos x  2  0
(b)
1  cos x
tan x 
2 sin x
3 cos 2 x  cos x  2  0 (by (a))
(3 cos x  2) (cos x  1)  0
3 cos x  2  0 or cos x  1  0
2
cos x  or cos x  1
3
2
When cos x  ,
3
25
i.e.
cos x  cos 48.2
x  48.2 or 360  48.2
x  48.2 or 311.8 
26
When cos x  1 , r  OP
x  180  ( 2 ) 2  4 2
∴
∴
 20
x  48.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.),180 or
 2 5
311 .8 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
25. 6 sin 2 x  sin x cos x  2 cos 2 x  0

( 2 sin x  cos x ) (3 sin x  2 cos x )  0
2 sin x  cos x  0 or 3 sin x  2 cos x  0

2 sin x   cos x or 3 sin x  2 cos x
1 2
tan x   or tan x 
2 3
1
When tan x   ,
2
i.e.
tan x   tan 26.6
x  180  26.6 or 360  26.6
x  153.4 or 333.4
2
When tan x  ,
3
x  33.7 or 180  33.7
i.e.
x  33.7 or 213.7
∴
x  33.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.),

153.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 213.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
333.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
Revision Exercise 8 (p. 155)

Level 1
1. (a) ∵ x  13, y  84
r  OP
∴
 132  ( 84) 2
 85
y 84
sin    
r 85
x 13
cos   
r 85
y 84
tan    
x 13
(b) ∵ x  2, y  4
27
By definition, we have 8 15 15

cos    , tan   
y 4 2  2 5 ∴ 17 8 8
sin      or 
r 2 5 5 5 
x 2 1  5
cos       or  
r 2 5 5 5 
y 4
tan     2
x 2
2. (a)
sin 3 270  cos 135 sin 315

 ( 1)3  cos (180  45) sin (360  45)
 1  (  cos 45)(  sin 45)
 2   
 1      2 
 
2   2 
 
1
 1 
2
3

2
(b)
tan 225  cos 60 sin 150

1
 tan (180  45)  sin (180  30)
2
1
 tan 45  sin 30
2
11
 1  
22
3

4
3.
15
∵ sin    and  lies in quadrant III.
17
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of
 and OP  r .
r  17 and y  15 .
Since lies in quadrant III, x  0 .
x   r2  y2
∴
  17 2  ( 15) 2
 8
28
4. (b)
1
∵ tan    and  lies in quadrant IV.
4
∴ P(4, 1) is a point on the terminal side of .
OP  r
 42  ( 1) 2 (c)
 17
1  
sin     or  17 

17  17 
∴ 
4  
cos    or 4 17 
17 
 17 

5.
7. (a) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

(b) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 360.

2
∵ cos   and 270    360 1  sin x  1
5 8. (a) ∵
y  3(1)  1
∴  lies in quadrant IV. ∴ The maximum value of
 4
y  3( 1)  1
OP  r . The minimum value of
 2
r  5 and x  2 .
(b) ∵ 1  cos x  1
y   r 2  x2 The maximum value of
∴ ∴
  ( 5 )2  22 y  4  2( 1)
 1 6
1  
 or  5  , y  4  2(1)
∴ sin    The minimum value of

5  5 
  2
1
tan   
2 5 sin x  2  0
9.
2
6. (a) sin x  
5
The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for
 y  sin x
2 
solving sin x   are  2 .
5 y   5

29
2 cos x  2 sin x  1 for 0  x  360

Draw the straight line y   on the graph of
5 are x  0, 230 or 360 .
y  sin x .
sin 108  sin (180  72)
12. (a)
 sin 72
tan 335  tan (360  25)

(b)
  tan 25
(c) cos 240  cos (180  60)

  cos 60
cos 98  cos (180  82)

(d)
  cos 82
tan 120  tan (180  60)

From the graph, the solutions of 5 sin x  2  0 13. (a)   tan 60
for 0  x  360 are x  200 or 340.
  3
solving tan x  1.5 are 
 y  tan x
. cos 480  cos (360  120)
 y  1.5
Draw the straight line y  1.5 on the graph of  cos 120

y  tan x . (b)  cos (180  60)
  cos 60
1

2
sin 315  sin (360  45)

  sin 45
(c)
2
 
2
tan 420  tan (360  60)

From the graph, the solutions of tan x  1.5 (d)  tan 60
for 0  x  360 are x  60 or 240.
 3
solving 14.x (a) ∵ sin x  0.25
 y  cos x  2 sin
cos x  2 sin x  1 are 
y  1 ∴
.
sin x   sin 14.5
y  cos x  2 sin x . x  180  14.5 or 360  14.5
∴
x  194.5 or 345.5
(b) ∵ cos x  0.6

∴
x  53.1 or 360  53.1
∴
x  53.1 or 306.9
30
(c) ∵ tan x  2.1 2 cos x  3 sin x  3(cos x  sin x)

∴
2 cos x  3 sin x  3 cos x  3 sin x
tan x   tan 64.5 6 sin x   cos x
x  180  64.5 or 360  64.5 1
∴ tan x  
x  115 .5 or 295.5 6
(cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.) tan x   tan 9.5
∴
(d) ∵ tan x  1.5 x  180  9.5 or 360  9.5
∴ x  170.5 or 350.5
tan x  tan 56.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.)
x  56.3 or 180  56.3
∴
x  56.3 or 236.3
15. (a) 3 sin x  2  0
2
sin x 
3
sin x  sin 41.8
x  41.8 or 180  41.8
∴ x  41.8 or 138.2
(b) 4 cos x  3  0
3
cos x  
4
cos x   cos 41.4
x  180  41.4 or 180  41.4
∴
x  138.6 or 221.4
(c) tan x   tan 38

x  180  38 or 360  38
∴
x  142 or 322
(d) cos x  cos 46
∴ x  46 or 360  46

x  46 or 314
2 sin x  4 cos x  sin x  3 cos x

16. (a) sin x   cos x
tan x  1
x  180  45 or 360  45
∴ x  135 or 315
(b)
31
(c) ( 2 sin x  1) (tan x  1)  0 (b)
2 sin x  1  0 or tan x  1  0 tan 135  sin 210

1 tan 240  sin 270
sin x   or tan x  1 tan (180  45)  sin (180  30)
2 
1 tan (180  60)  ( 1)
When sin x   ,  tan 45  sin 30
2 
tan 60  1
i.e.
x  180  30 360  30
1
or 1
x  210 or 330  2
3 1
When tan x  1 ,
x  45 or 180  45 1 3 1
 
i.e. x  45 or 225 2( 3  1) 3 1
∴ x  45, 210, 225 or 330  3 1

4
(d) ( 4 sin x  3) ( 2  3 sin x )  0
18.
4 sin x  3  0 or 2  3 sin x  0
3 2
sin x  or sin x  
4 3
3
When sin x  ,
4
sin x  sin 48.6
i.e.
x  48.6 or 180  48.6
x  48.6 or 131.4
2
When sin x   , (a) Draw the straight line y  2 on the graph of
3 y  cos 2 x .
sin x   sin 41.8
∵ The two graphs have no intersections.
∴ There are no real solutions for
i.e.
cos 2 x  2 . (or any other reasonable
x  180  41.8 or 360  41.8
answers)
x  221.8 or 318.2
(cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.) (b) Draw the straight line y  1 on the graph
of y  cos 2 x .
x  48.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.),
131.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.), cos 2 x  1 for 0  x  360 are
∴
221.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or x  90 or 270 .
318.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) ∴ There are two real solutions for
cos 2 x  1 .
17. (a) Level 2
19. (a)
cos 120 sin 240 tan 315
 cos (180  60) sin (180  60)
tan (360  45)
 (  cos 60) (  sin 60) (  tan 45)
 1 3 1
     ( 1)
∵ cos   and tan   0
 2 2 
 3
3 ∴  lies in quadrant IV.
  Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of 
4
and OP  r .
From the definition of the cosine ratio, we may
32
let  1  3
r  3 and x  1 . 2  
Since  lies in quadrant IV, y < 0. 2 sin   cos  10  10

y  r x 2 2 2 cos  sin   3   1 
2   
 

∴   32  12  10   10 
 8 (b) 2 3
 
 2 2 10 10

6 1
sin   
2 2 
∴ 3 10 10
1

2 2 5
tan  
(b) 1
 2 2 21. (a)
(c)
2
 2 2 
tan   sin   ( 2 2 )   
2 2 2 
 3 
 
3
8 ∵ tan   
 8 4
9
∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
64
 ∵ sin   0
9
∴  lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
∴  must lie in quadrant IV.
20. (a) 3
∵ tan   
4
∴ P(4, 3) is a point on the terminal side of
.
OP  r
1  42  ( 3) 2
∵ sin    and cos   0 5
10
3
∴  lies in quadrant IV. ∴ sin   
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  5
and OP  r .
From the definition of the sine ratio, we may let 4
(b) cos  
r  10 and y  1 . 5
Since  lies in quadrant IV, x > 0.
 3 4
x r 2  y2 4    2 
4 sin   2 cos  5 5
∴  
 ( 10 ) 2  ( 1) 2 sin   3 cos  3  4
  3 
3 5 5
3  
cos    or 3 10  (c) 12 8
∴ 10 
 10 

 
 5 5
3 12
 
5 5
4

15
33
22. (a)

values of the function are 3 and –3 respectively.

∴ y  3 sin 2 x is a periodic function
with period 180.
23. (a)


x
∴ y   cos is a periodic function
2
with period 720.
24. (a)


∴ y  sin 3 x  1 is a periodic function
with period 120.
34
25. (a) ∵ 1  cos x  1 0  x  360 are x  150 or 330

y  3(1)  2 .
1
y  3( 1)  2
 5
(b) ∵ 1  sin 2 x  1
y  3(1)  4
7
y  3( 1)  4
1
(c) ∵ 1  sin x  1
∴ 0  sin 2 x  1
y  3(1)  4
7
The minimum value of y  3(0)  4

4
(d) ∵ 1  cos x  1
∴ 0  cos 2 x  1
3
y 
∴ The maximum value of 6  4(1)
3

2
3
y 
The minimum value of 6  4(0)
1

2
26. (a) The corresponding pair of simultaneous

equations for solving tan ( x  15)  1
 y  tan ( x  15)
are 
 y  1
.
Draw the graph of y  tan ( x  15) and
y  1 on the same rectangular coordinate
plane for 0  x  360 .

tan ( x  15)  1 for
35
(b) The corresponding pair of simultaneous sin (360   ) 1

1   cos(  360)
equations for solving cos ( x  40)  tan (  180) cos(360   )
2  sin  1
are
 y

 cos ( x  4 0)
.    cos(360    360)

 y


1
2 tan (360    180) cos 
Draw the graph of y  cos ( x  40) and  sin  1
1    cos 
y on the same rectangular coordinate tan (180   ) cos 
2  sin  1
plane for 0  x  360 .    cos 
tan  cos 
1
  cos    cos 
cos 
1
  2 cos  
cos 
(c)
sin (180   )

cos (180   ) cos (180   ) 
sin (  ) sin (180   )
1
From the graph, the solutions of tan (360   )
1 sin 
cos ( x  40)  for 0  x  360 
(  cos  ) (  cos  )  sin (360   ) (  si
2
1
are x  20 or 260 . (  tan  )
sin 
sin ( 80)  sin (360  80) 
27. (a)  tan 
  sin 80   cos 
(b) tan 400  tan (360  40) 29. ∵         360

 tan 40     360  (   )
∴
cos (   )  cos[360  (   )]
cos ( 100)  cos (360  100) ∴
 cos (   )
 cos 260
(c)
 cos (180  80) cos x  sin 120
  cos 80  sin (180  60)
30. (a)  sin 60
sin 780  sin ( 2  360  60)
(d) 3
 sin 60 
2
 cos 30
28. (a)
x  30 or 360  30
∴
[sin   cos (360   )]  2 x  30 or 330
[cos   sin (180   )]2

(b)
 (sin   cos  ) 2  (cos   sin  ) 2
 sin 2   2 sin  cos   cos 2   cos 2   tan (3 x  6)  1
2 sin  cos   sin 2   tan 45
2 3 x  6  45 or 3 x  6  180  45 or
3 x  6  360  45 or 3 x  6  540  45 or
(b) 3 x  6  720  45 or 3 x  6  900  45
3 x  6  45 or 3 x  6  225 or
3 x  6  405 or 3 x  6  585 or
3 x  6  765 or 3 x  6  945
∴
36
x  13, 73, 133, 193, 253 or 313 2 sin x  tan x

sin x
(c) 2 sin x 
2 cos 2 x  sin x cos x cos x
(c)
2 cos 2 x  sin x cos x  0 2 sin x cos x  sin x
cos x (2 cos x  sin x)  0 sin x ( 2 cos x  1)  0
cos x  0 or 2 cos x  sin x  0 sin x  0 or 2 cos x  1  0
cos x  0 or tan x  2 1
When cos x  0 , sin x  0 or cos x 
2
x  90 or 270 When sin x  0 ,
When tan x  2 , x  0, 180 or 360
1
x  63.4 or 180  63.4 When cos x  ,
2
i.e. x  63.4 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) or
x  60 or 360  60
243.4 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) i.e. x  60 or 300
∴ x  63.4 (cor. to the nearest 0.1),
∴
90 , x  0, 60, 180, 300 or 360
243.4 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) or
270 2 cos x  3 tan x
3 sin x
2 cos x 
sin x  2 cos 2 x  1  0 (d) cos x
31. (a) sin x  2 (1  sin x )  1  0
2
2 cos 2 x  3 sin x
2 sin x  sin x  1  0
2
2 (1  sin 2 x)  3 sin x
( 2 sin x  1) (sin x  1)  0
2 sin x  1  0 or sin x  1  0 2 sin 2 x  3 sin x  2  0
1 ( 2 sin x  1) (sin x  2)  0
sin x  or sin x  1
2 2 sin x  1  0 or sin x  2  0
1 1
When sin x  , sin x  or sin x  2 (rejected)
2 2
x  30 or 180  30 1
i.e. When sin x  ,
x  30 or 150 2
When sin x  1,
x  30 or 180  30
x  270 ∴ x  30 or 150
∴ x  30, 150 or 270
tan 2 x  1  3 cos 2 x
3 cos x  8 sin x  0
2
sin 2 x
(b) 3(1  sin 2 x )  8 sin x  0   1  3 cos 2 x
cos 2 x
3 sin 2 x  8 sin x  3  0
sin 2 x  cos 2 x  3 cos 4 x
(3 sin x  1) (sin x  3)  0 32. (a) 
cos 2 x
3 sin x  1  0 or sin x  3  0 (1  cos 2 x)  cos 2 x  3 cos 4 x

sin x  
1
or sin x  3 (rejected) cos 2 x
3 1  2 cos 2 x  3 cos 4 x
1 
When sin x   , cos2 x
3
∴ (b)
sin x   sin 19.5
x  180  19.5 or 360  19.5
x  199.5 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) or
340.5 (cor. to the nearest 0.1)
37
3 cos 2 x  tan 2 x  1 1
When cos x  ,
tan 2 x  1  3 cos 2 x  0 3
1  2 cos 2 x  3 cos 4 x
0 (by (a))
cos 2 x i.e.
∴ 1  2 cos x  3 cos x  0
2 4 x  54.7 or 360  54.7
3 cos 4 x  2 cos 2 x  1  0 x  54.7 or 305.3
(3 cos 2 x  1) (cos 2 x  1)  0 1
When cos x   ,
3
3 cos x  1  0 or cos x  1  0
2 2
cos x   cos 54.7
1
cos 2 x  or cos2 x  1 (rejected) i.e.
3
x  180  54.7 or 180  54.7
1 1
cos x  or  x  125.3 or 234.7
3 3 (cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴
x  54.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.),

125.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.),
234.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
305.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 159)
1. Answer: B
12
∵ cos x  and sin x  0
13
∴ x lies in quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of x and
OP  r .
r  13 and x  12 .
y   r 2  x2
∴
  132  12 2
 5
5
∴ tan x  
12
2. Answer: A
 1  sin 2   1  sin 2  
tan 2    sin     
 sin  
 sin   cos 
2
 
sin 2  cos 2 
 
cos 2  sin 
 sin 
38
3. Answer: A 2 cos x  3 sin x  0

sin (180   ) cos (180   ) tan (360   )
3 sin x  2 cos x
 (  sin  ) (  cos  ) (  tan  )
2
 sin   tan x  
  sin  cos   3
 cos  
  tan x   tan 33.7
  sin 2 
4. Answer: A
sin (360   ) cos (90   )
tan (180   )
(  sin  ) (sin  )

 tan 
 cos 
  sin 2  
  sin  

 
 sin  cos
5. Answer: C
3
∵  is an acute angle and cos   .
5
sin   1  cos 2 
2
∴ 3
 1  
5
4

5
cos (90   )  cos (180   )  sin   cos 

4 3
 
5 5
1

5
6. Answer: A
2 sin   3 cos 
 2 tan   3
cos 
 1
 2    3
 2
 4
7. Answer: B
2 cos    3
3
cos   
2
  180  30 or 180  30
∴   150 or 210
8. Answer: D
39
∵ 0  x  180 1
∵ tan   and 0    90
∴ k
x  180  33.7 ∴ P(k, 1) is a point on the terminal side of .
x  146.3 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) OP  r
 k 2  12
9. Answer: B  k2 1
sin x ( 2 sin x  3)  0 1
sin x  0 or 2 sin x  3  0 sin θ 
k2 1
3 sin (180   )  sin 
sin x  0 or sin x   (rejected)
2 ∴ 1
When sin x  0, 
k2 1
x  0, 180 or 360
∴ The equation sin x ( 2 sin x  3)  0 has 3 13. Answer: C
solutions. ∵ 1  sin 2 x  1
10. Answer: C ∴ The minimum value of y  3( 1)

3 cos 2 x  2 cos x  1  0  3
(3 cos x  1) (cos x  1)  0 When y  3,
3  3 sin 2 x
3 cos x  1  0 or cos x  1  0
sin 2 x  1
1
cos x  or cos x  1 2 x  270
3
x  135
1
When cos x  , ∴ The coordinates of the minimum point are
3 (135, 3).
x  70.5 or 360  70.5 14. Answer: D
i.e. x  70.5 or 289.5 15. Answer: A
(cor. to 1 d.p.) (cor. to 1 d.p.) For A, when x  0 ,
When cos x  1 , y  cos 2 (0)  1
x  180
2
∴ The equation 3 cos 2 x  2 cos x  1  0
has 3 solutions. HKMO (p. 160)
1.
11. Answer: A
3 ∴
sin   cos   (sin 2   cos 2  )3  13
4
2 sin 6   3 sin 4  cos 2   3 sin 2  cos 4   cos6   1
3
(sin   cos  ) 2
  0.4  3 sin 2  cos 2  (sin 2   cos 2  )  1
4
9 3 sin 2  cos 2   0.6
sin 2   2 sin  cos   cos 2  
16 5 sin 2  cos 2   1
7 d  2  5 cos  sin 
2 2
2 sin  cos  
16  2 1
7 3
sin  cos  
32
2.
12. Answer: B
40
1 40
sin 2 C  cos 2 C  But sin C  .
4 x
1 40 5
sin 2 C  (1  sin 2 C )  2

∵ 4 ∴ x 8
1 x 2  64
2 sin 2 C  1 
4 x  8 or  8 (rejected)
5
sin 2 C 
8
41

4BCh08 (More About Trigonometry 1)

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 4B

8 More about Trigonometry (I)

Angle  lies in 5. cos (180 – ) = cos , tan (180 – ) = tan 

1. I and II 2. I and IV 3. I and III

Activity 8.2 (p. 122)

1.  0 30 60 90 120 150 180

 210 240 270 300 330 360  lies in quadrant III.

 lies in quadrant II.

 lies in quadrant IV.

Activity 8.3 (p. 142)

3. sin AOQ = y, cos AOQ = x,

(e) By definition, we have

(e) III y  3(1)

, the minimum value of y  2

(b) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 120.

(b) From the graph, the maximum and minimum

the minimum value of y  1

(c) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

(a) The corresponding pair of simultaneous

(b) The corresponding pair of simultaneous

2. tan 135  tan (180  45)

sin 405  sin (360  45)

The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for

sin (360   )  tan   cos (180   ) 

cos 110   cos (180  70)

sin   sin 45

p. 151 2 sin 2 x  3 sin x  2  0

4. ∵ sin 2  cos 2  1 tan 25 tan (32   )  1

1  cos 2  121 cos 2 8. (a)

cos 2  1 By definition, we have

sin 90 sin 270 cos 180  1  ( 1)  ( 1)

sin 2 90  cos 270 12  0

Case 1:  lies in quadrant I

3. ∵ The graph repeats itself every 60.

4. ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

(c) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180.

(b) From the graph, the maximum and minimum

(c) ∵ The graph repeats itself every 720.

From the graph, the solutions of tan x  1 for

From the graph, the solutions of 2 sin 2 x  1  0

From the graph, the solutions of

7. The corresponding pair of simultaneous equations for

From the graph, the solutions of sin x  cos x

(ii) By substituting x  0 , y  2 and

2  a sin 0  b cos 0 ......(1)

From (1), we have

sin 110   sin (180  70)

sin 230  sin (180  50)

sin 325  sin (360  35)

10. cos 100  cos (180  80)

cos 220  cos (180  40)

cos 255  cos (180  75)

cos 285  cos (360  75)

tan 230  tan (180  50) sin 390 cos 315

cos 325  cos (360  35) sin 150 cos 240

cos 150  cos (180  30) sin 2 170  cos 2 350

sin 2 400  cos 2 220  tan 2 315

(e) sin 2 (90   )

∴ x  60 or 300 x  63.4 or 180  63.4

3 cos 2 x  sin x  3  0 22. 5 sin 2 x  4 sin x  0

x  0, 180, 199.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.),

23. (a) tan 2 x  1

25. 6 sin 2 x  sin x cos x  2 cos 2 x  0