ITE PC v4.

0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes

Title Slide
Cisco Networking Academy program
IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4!
C"apter #: Introd$ction to t"e Personal Comp$ter
Slide 2
Slide 2 Purpose of this Presentation
The purpose of this presentation is to provide to instructors an overview of ITE
PC v4.0 Chapter 1, includin the followin!
"ist of chapter o#$ectives
%verview of the chapter contents, includin student wor&sheets included in
the course content and so'e potential student 'isconceptions
(eflection)*ctivities for instructors to co'plete to prepare to teach
*dditional resources
Slide 3
Slide + Chapter 1 %#$ectives
,pon co'pletion of this chapter, students will #e a#le to perfor' tas&s related
to!
1.1 E-plain the IT industr. certifications
1.2 /escri#e a co'puter s.ste'
1.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power
supplies
1.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal
co'ponents
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
1.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices
1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices
1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
Slide 4
Slide 4 Chapter 1 4or&sheets
There are two wor&sheets included in Chapter 1. These are availa#le at the
#otto' of associated paes of course content and #. clic&in on the 5"a#s6 lin&
in the Inde- window of Chapter 1.
1.1.2 4or&sheet! 7o# %pportunities 8(esearch three co'puter9related $o#s.
:or each $o#, record the co'pan. na'e, the $o# title, the $o# details that
are 'ost i'portant to .ou, and the $o# ;ualifications.<
1.4.2 4or&sheet! (esearch Co'puter Co'ponents 8(esearch the
co'ponents needed to co'plete a custo'er=s co'puter. >e prepared to
discuss .our selections.<
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ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes
Slide 5
Slide 0 Infor'ation Technolo. 8IT<
1.0 Chapter Introduction
Infor'ation technolo. 8IT< is the desin, develop'ent, i'ple'entation,
support, and 'anae'ent of co'puter hardware and software applications. *n
IT professional is &nowledea#le a#out co'puter s.ste's and operatin
s.ste's. This chapter will review IT certifications and the co'ponents of a
#asic personal co'puter s.ste'.
*fter co'pletin this chapter, students will 'eet these o#$ectives!
E-plain the IT industr. certification
/escri#e a co'puter s.ste'
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power
supplies
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal co'ponents
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices
E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
Slide 6
Slide 1 IT Technician
1.1 E-plain the IT industr. and .our place in it
This course will focus on des&top and laptop co'puters. It will also discuss
electronic devices, such as personal diital assistants and cell phones.
Trainin and e-perience will ;ualif. a technician to service these
co'puters and personal electronic devices. Students will ain the
speciali?ed technical s&ills needed to install, 'aintain, and repair
co'puters.
Earnin an industr. standard certification can i'prove confidence and can
increase $o# opportunities in IT. This course is focused on the followin two
industr. standard certifications!
The Co'pTI* *@
The European Certification of Infor'atics Professional 8E,CIP< IT
*d'inistrator Certification 8Aodules 19 +<
*fter co'pletin this section, students will 'eet these o#$ectives!
Identif. the education and certifications re;uired
/escri#e the *@ Certification
/escri#e the E,CIP Certification
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Slide 7
Slide 2 Education and Certification
1.1.1 Identif. education and certifications
This course covers the infor'ation that a technician needs to #e successful in
IT!
Personal co'puters
Safe la# procedures
Trou#leshootin
%peratin s.ste's
"aptop co'puters
Printers and scanners
Betwor&s
Securit.
Co''unication s&ills
This course focuses on two hardware and software s&ills9#ased industr.
certifications! Co'pTI* *@ and E,CIP. This course is onl. an introduction into
the world of IT. * technician 'a. continue to stud. and earn the followin
certifications!
CCB* 9 Cisco Certified Betwor&in *ssociate
CCBP 9 Cisco Certified Betwor&in Professional
CCIE 9 Cisco Certified Internetwor&in E-pert
CISSP 9 Certified Infor'ation S.ste's Securit. Professional
ACP 9 Aicrosoft Certified Professional
ACS* 9 Aicrosoft Certified S.ste's *d'inistrator
ACSE 9 Aicrosoft Certified S.ste's Enineer
Betwor&@ 9 Co'pTI* Betwor& Certification
"inu-@ 9 Co'pTI* "inu- Certification
IT certifications can #e used as credits for universit. and collee derees in
areas such as co'puter science and teleco''unications.
Slide 8
Slide 3 Co'pTI* *@ Certification
1.1.2 /escri#e the *@ certification
Co'putin Technolo. Industr. *ssociation 8Co'pTI*< developed the *@
Certification prora'. *n *@ Certification candidate 'ust pass two e-a's.
1. The first e-a' is Co'pTI* *@ Essentials 82209101<, which covers the #asic
s&ills needed to install, #uild, uprade, repair, confiure, trou#leshoot,
opti'i?e, dianose, and 'aintain #asic personal co'puter hardware and
operatin s.ste's.
2. The second e-a' depends on the t.pe of certification desired.
IT Technician 82209102< 9 :ield technicians wor& in #oth 'o#ile and
corporate technical environ'ents.
(e'ote Support Technician 8220910+< * re'ote support
technician is responsi#le for assistin a custo'er without ph.sicall.
touchin the custo'er=s co'puter. * re'ote technician will often wor& in
a call center environ'ent where technicians resolve operatin s.ste'
and connectivit. issues over the telephone or Internet.
/epot Technician 82209104< 9 The depot technician has li'ited
interaction with the custo'er and wor&s pri'aril. in a wor&shop or la#.
* depot technician is also called a #ench technician.
St$dent Activity: The student course content includes wor&sheet, 1.1.2 7o#
%pportunities. To co'plete this wor&sheet, students will research three
co'puter9related $o#s. :or each $o#, the. will record the co'pan. na'e, the
$o# title, the $o# details that are 'ost i'portant to the', and the $o#
;ualifications.
%eso$rces: Co'pTI* *@C Certification
http!))certification.co'ptia.or)a)default.asp-
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Slide 9
Slide D E,CIP IT *d'inistrator Certification
1.1.+ /escri#e the E,CIP certification
The E,CIP IT *d'inistrator certification covers the standards prescri#ed #. the
Council of European Professional Infor'atics Societies 8CEPIS<. The E,CIP IT
*d'inistrator Certification consists of five 'odules, with a correspondin e-a'
for each 'odule. This course will prepare a student for Aodules 19+.
Aodule 1! Co'puter Eardware
Aodule 2! %peratin S.ste's
Aodule +! "ocal *rea Betwor& and Betwor& Services
Aodule 4! E-pert Betwor& ,se
Aodule 0! IT Securit.
Slide 10
Slide 10 E,CIP IT *d'inistrator Certification
1.1.+ /escri#e the E,CIP certification
This course will prepare a student for Aodules 19+.
&od$le #: Comp$ter Hardware includes the #asic 'a&eup of a
personal co'puter and the functions of the co'ponents, a#ilit. to
effectivel. dianose and repair hardware pro#le's, and a#ilit. to advise
custo'ers of appropriate hardware to #u..
&od$le ': (perating Systems ) re;uires fa'iliarit. with the procedures
for installin and updatin 'ost co''on operatin s.ste's and
applications and fa'iliarit. with s.ste' tools for trou#leshootin and
repairin operatin s.ste's.
&od$le *: +ocal Area Network and Network Services re;uires
fa'iliarit. with the procedure of installin, usin, and 'anain local area
networ&s, a#ilit. to add and re'ove users and shared resources, and how
to use s.ste' tools to repair the pro#le's that 'a. occur.
&od$le 4: E,pert Network -se is #e.ond the scope of the IT Essentials
course, althouh so'e of the topics are covered. The E-pert Betwor& ,se
'odule re;uires that the candidate understand "*B co''unication.
&od$le .: IT Sec$rity is #e.ond the scope of the IT Essentials course,
althouh so'e of the topics are covered. The IT Securit. 'odule re;uires
that the candidate #e fa'iliar with securit. 'ethods and features that are
availa#le for a standalone or networ&ed co'puter.
%eso$rces: European Certification of Infor'atics Professionals
http!))www.eucip.co')inde-.$sp
Slide 11
Slide 11 PCs and Custo'er Beeds
1.2 /escri#e a co'puter s.ste'
* co'puter s.ste' consists of hardware and software co'ponents. Eardware
is the ph.sical e;uip'ent such as the case, storae drives, &e.#oards,
'onitors, ca#les, spea&ers, and printers. The ter' software includes the
operatin s.ste' and prora's. The operatin s.ste' instructs the co'puter
how to operate. These operations 'a. include identif.in, accessin, and
processin infor'ation. Prora's or applications perfor' different functions.
Prora's var. widel. dependin on the t.pe of infor'ation that will #e
accessed or enerated. :or e-a'ple, instructions for #alancin a chec&#oo&
are ver. different fro' instructions for si'ulatin a virtual realit. world on the
Internet.
The followin sections in this chapter discuss the hardware co'ponents found
in a co'puter s.ste'.
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Slide 12
Slide 12 Co'puter Cases and Power Supplies
1.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power
supplies
Co'puter case
Provides protection and support for the internal co'ponents of the
co'puter.
Should #e dura#le, eas. to service, and have enouh roo' for e-pansion
The si?e and shape of the co'puter case is usuall. deter'ined #. the
'other#oard and other internal co'ponents.
Power suppl.
Converts alternatin9current 8*C< power fro' the wall soc&et into direct9
current 8/C< power
The power suppl. 'ust provide enouh power for the co'ponents that are
currentl. installed and allow for additional co'ponents that 'a. #e added
at a later ti'e. If .ou choose a power suppl. that powers onl. the current
co'ponents, it 'a. #e necessar. to replace the power suppl. when other
co'ponents are upraded.
*fter co'pletin this section, students will 'eet these o#$ectives!
/escri#e cases
/escri#e power supplies
Slide 13
Slide 1+ Co'puter Cases
1.+.1 /escri#e cases
* co'puter case contains the fra'ewor& to support the internal co'ponents of
a co'puter while providin an enclosure for added protection. Co'puter cases
are t.picall. 'ade of plastic, steel, and alu'inu' and are availa#le in a variet.
of st.les.
The si?e and la.out of a case is called a for' factor. There are 'an. t.pes of
cases, #ut the #asic for' factors for co'puter cases include des&top and
tower. /es&top cases 'a. #e sli'line or full9si?ed, and tower cases 'a. #e
'ini or full9si?ed.
Co'puter cases are referred to in a nu'#er of wa.s!
Co'puter chassis
Ca#inet
Tower
>o-
Eousin
In addition to providin protection and support, cases also provide an
environ'ent desined to &eep the internal co'ponents cool. Case fans are
used to 'ove air throuh the co'puter case. *s the air passes war'
co'ponents, it a#sor#s heat and then e-its the case. This process &eeps the
co'ponents of the co'puter fro' overheatin.
Slide 14
Slide 14 Case Selection
1.+.1 /escri#e cases
There are 'an. factors that 'ust #e considered when choosin a case!
The si?e of the 'other#oard
The nu'#er of e-ternal or internal drive locations called #a.s
*vaila#le space
In addition to providin protection fro' the environ'ent, cases help to prevent
da'ae fro' static electricit.. Internal co'ponents of the co'puter are
rounded #. attach'ent to the case.
N(TE: Fou should select a case that 'atches the ph.sical di'ensions of the
power suppl. and 'other#oard.
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Slide 15
Slide 10 Power Supplies
1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies
The power suppl. converts alternatin9current 8*C< power co'in fro' a wall
outlet into direct9current 8/C< power, which is a lower voltae. /C power is
re;uired for all of the co'ponents inside the co'puter.
Aost connectors toda. are &e.ed connectors. Ge.ed connectors are desined
to #e inserted in onl. one direction. Each part of the connector has a colored
wire with a different voltae runnin throuh it. /ifferent connectors are used to
connect specific co'ponents and various locations on the 'other#oard!
Aole- connector is a &e.ed connector used to connect to an optical drive
or a hard drive.
>er connector is a &e.ed connector used to connect to a flopp. drive. *
>er connector is s'aller than a Aole- connector.
* 209pin or 249pin slotted connector is used to connect to the 'other#oard.
The 249pin slotted connector has two rows of 129pins each, and the 209pin
slotted connector has two rows of 109pins each.
* 49pin to 39pin au-iliar. power connector has two rows of two to four pins
and supplies power to all areas of the 'other#oard. The 49pin to 39pin
au-iliar. power connector is the sa'e shape as the 'ain power connector,
#ut s'aller.
%lder standard power supplies used two connectors called P3 and PD to
connect to the 'other#oard. P3 and PD were un&e.ed connectors. The.
could #e installed #ac&wards, potentiall. da'ain the 'other#oard or
power suppl.. The installation re;uired that the connectors were lined up
with the #lac& wires toether in the 'iddle.
N(TE: If .ou have a difficult ti'e insertin a connector, tr. a different wa., or
chec& to 'a&e sure there are no #ent pins or forein o#$ects in the wa..
(e'e'#er, if it see's difficult to plu in an. ca#le or other part, there is
so'ethin wron. Ca#les, connectors, and co'ponents are desined to fit
toether snul.. Bever force an. connector or co'ponent. Ta&e .our ti'e and
'a&e sure that .ou are handlin the hardware correctl..
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Slide 16
Slide 11 Electricit. and %h'=s "aw
1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies
These are the four #asic units of electricit.!
Holtae /01
Current /I1
Power /P1
(esistance /%1
Holtae, current, power, and resistance are electronic ter's that a co'puter
technician 'ust &now!
0oltage is a 'easure of the force re;uired to push electrons throuh a
circuit.
Holtae is 'easured in volts /01. * co'puter power suppl. usuall.
produces several different voltaes.
C$rrent /I1 is a 'easure of the a'ount of electrons oin throuh a circuit.
Current is 'easured in a'peres, or amps /A1. Co'puter power supplies
deliver different a'peraes for each output voltae.
Power is a 'easure of the force re;uired to push electrons throuh a
circuit, called voltae, 'ultiplied #. the nu'#er of electrons oin throuh
that circuit, called current. The 'easure'ent is called watts 84<. Co'puter
power supplies are rated in watts.
(esistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit. (esistance is
'easured in oh's. "ower resistance allows 'ore current, and therefore
'ore power, to flow throuh a circuit. * ood fuse will have low resistance
or a 'easure'ent of al'ost 0 oh's.
There is a #asic e;uation that e-presses how three of the ter's relate to each
other. It states that voltae is e;ual to the current 'ultiplied #. the resistance.
This is &nown as %h'Is "aw. 0 2 I%
In an electrical s.ste', power 8P< is e;ual to the voltae 'ultiplied #. the
current. P 2 0I
In an electrical circuit, increasin the current or the voltae will result in
hiher power.
*s an e-a'ple of how this wor&s, i'aine a si'ple circuit that has a D9H
liht #ul# hoo&ed up to a D9H #atter.. The power output of the liht #ul# is
10094. ,se the e;uation a#ove to calculate the ;uantit. of current in a'ps
would #e re;uired to et 10094 out of this D9H #ul#. To solve this e;uation,
we &now the followin infor'ation!
P 2 #!! 3
0 2 4 0
I 2 #!! 354 0 2 #### A
4hat happens if a 129H #atter. and a 129H liht #ul# are used to et 100 4 of
powerJ #!! 3 5 #' 0 2 6** A This s.ste' produces the sa'e power, #ut with
less current.
Co'puters nor'all. use power supplies ranin fro' 20094 to 00094.
Eowever, so'e co'puters 'a. need 00094 to 30094 power supplies.
4hen #uildin a co'puter, select a power suppl. with sufficient wattae to
power all of the co'ponents. %#tain the wattae infor'ation for the
co'ponents fro' the 'anufacturerIs docu'entation. 4hen decidin on a
power suppl., 'a&e sure to choose a power suppl. that has 'ore than
enouh power for the current co'ponents.
So'e co'puter 'anufacturers use a proprietar. power suppl.. :or these
t.pes of co'puters, the co'puter case is onl. co'pati#le with a power
suppl. fro' the sa'e 'anufacturer.
%eso$rces: %h'Is "aw http!))www.rc.nasa.ov)444)G9
12)Sa'pleKPro$ects)%h'sK"aw)oh'slaw.ht'l
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Slide 17
Slide 12 Power Supplies
1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies
CA-TI(N: /o not open a power suppl.. Electronic capacitors located inside of
a power suppl. can hold a chare for e-tended periods of ti'e.
Slide 18
Slide 13 Internal Co'ponents
1.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal co'ponents
This section discusses the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of the internal
co'ponents of a co'puter. *fter co'pletin this section, .ou will 'eet these
o#$ectives!
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards
E-plain the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of coolin s.ste's
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of adapter cards
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives
Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal ca#les
Slide 19
Slide 1D Aother#oards
1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards
The 'other#oard is the 'ain printed circuit #oard and contains the #uses,
or electrical pathwa.s, found in a co'puter. These #uses allow data to
travel #etween the various co'ponents that co'prise a co'puter. *
'other#oard is also &nown as the s.ste' #oard, the #ac&plane, or the
'ain #oard.
The 'other#oard acco''odates the central processin unit 8CP,<, (*A,
e-pansion slots, heat sin&)fan asse'#l., >I%S chip, chip set, and the
e'#edded wires that interconnect the 'other#oard co'ponents. Soc&ets,
internal and e-ternal connectors, and various ports are also placed on the
'other#oard.
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Slide 20
Slide 20 Aother#oards
1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards
The for' factor of 'other#oards pertains to the si?e and shape of the
#oard. It also descri#es the ph.sical la.out of the different co'ponents and
devices on the 'other#oard. Harious for' factors e-ist for 'other#oards.
*n i'portant set of co'ponents on the 'other#oard is the chip set. The
chip set is co'posed of various interated circuits attached to the
'other#oard that control how s.ste' hardware interacts with the CP, and
'other#oard. The CP, is installed into a slot or soc&et on the
'other#oard. The soc&et on the 'other#oard deter'ines the t.pe of CP,
that can #e installed.
The chip set of a 'other#oard allows the CP, to co''unicate and
interact with the other co'ponents of the co'puter, and to e-chane data
with s.ste' 'e'or., or (*A, hard dis& drives, video cards, and other
output devices. The chip set esta#lishes how 'uch 'e'or. can #e added
to a 'other#oard. The chip set also deter'ines the t.pe of connectors on
the 'other#oard.
Aost chip sets are divided into two distinct co'ponents, Borth#ride and
South#ride. 4hat each co'ponent does varies fro' 'anufacturer to
'anufacturer, #ut in eneral the Borth#ride controls access to the (*A,
video card, and the speeds at which the CP, can co''unicate with the'.
The video card is so'eti'es interated into the Borth#ride. The
South#ride, in 'ost cases, allows the CP, to co''unicate with the hard
drives, sound card, ,S> ports, and other I)% ports.
Slide 21
Slide 21 Central Processin ,nit 8CP,<
1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s
The central processin unit 8CP,< is considered the #rain of the co'puter.
It is so'eti'es referred to as the processor. Aost calculations ta&e place
in the CP,. In ter's of co'putin power, the CP, is the 'ost i'portant
ele'ent of a co'puter s.ste'. CP,s co'e in different for' factors, each
st.le re;uirin a particular slot or soc&et on the 'other#oard. Co''on
CP, 'anufacturers include Intel and *A/.
The CP, soc&et or slot is the connector that interfaces #etween the
'other#oard and the processor itself. Aost CP, soc&ets and processors in
use toda. are #uilt around the pin rid arra. 8PL*< architecture, in which
the pins on the underside of the processor are inserted into the soc&et,
usuall. with ?ero insertion force 8MI:<. MI: refers to the a'ount of force
needed to install a CP, into the 'other#oard soc&et or slot. Slot9#ased
processors are cartride9shaped and fit into a slot that loo&s si'ilar to an
e-pansion slot.
The CP, e-ecutes a prora', which is a se;uence of stored instructions.
Each 'odel of processor has an instruction set, which it e-ecutes. The
CP, e-ecutes the prora' #. processin each piece of data as directed
#. the prora' and the instruction set. 4hile the CP, is e-ecutin one
step of the prora', the re'ainin instructions and the data are stored
near#. in a special 'e'or. called cache. There are two 'a$or CP,
architectures related to instruction sets!
%ed$ced Instr$ction Set Comp$ter /%ISC1 *rchitectures use a
relativel. s'all set of instructions, and (ISC chips are desined to
e-ecute these instructions ver. rapidl..
Comple, Instr$ction Set Comp$ter /CISC1 *rchitectures use a
#road set of instructions, resultin in fewer steps per operation.
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Slide 22
Slide 22 Central Processin ,nit 8CP,<
1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s
So'e CP,s incorporate "ypert"reading to enhance the perfor'ance of
the CP,. 4ith h.perthreadin, the CP, has 'ultiple pieces of code #ein
e-ecuted si'ultaneousl. on each pipeline. To an operatin s.ste', a
sinle CP, with h.perthreadin appears to #e two CP,s.
The power of a CP, is 'easured #. the speed and the a'ount of data
that it can process. The speed of a CP, is rated in c.cles per second. The
speed of current CP,s is 'easured in 'illions of c.cles per second, called
'eahert? 8AE?<, or #illions of c.cles per second, called iahert? 8LE?<.
The a'ount of data that a CP, can process at the one ti'e depends on
the si?e of the processor data #us. This is also called the CP, #us or the
front side #us 8:S><. The wider the processor data #us width, the 'ore
powerful the processor is. Current processors have a +29#it or a 149#it
processor data #us.
(verclocking is a techni;ue used to 'a&e a processor wor& at a faster
speed than its oriinal specification. %vercloc&in is not a relia#le wa. to
i'prove co'puter perfor'ance and can result in da'ain the CP,.
&&7 is a set of 'ulti'edia instructions #uilt into Intel processors. AAN
ena#led 'icroprocessors can handle 'an. co''on 'ulti'edia operations
that are nor'all. handled #. a separate sound or video card. Eowever,
onl. software especiall. written to call AAN instructions can ta&e
advantae of the AAN instruction set.
The latest processor technolo. has resulted in CP, 'anufacturers findin
wa.s to incorporate 'ore than one CP, core onto a sinle chip. Aan.
CP,s are capa#le of processin 'ultiple instructions concurrentl.!
Single Core CP- %ne core inside a sinle CP, chip that
handles all of the processin capa#ilit.. * 'other#oard 'anufacturer
'a. provide soc&ets for 'ore than one sinle processor, providin the
a#ilit. to #uild a powerful, 'ulti9processor co'puter.
8$al Core CP- Two cores inside a sinle CP, chip in which
#oth cores can process infor'ation at the sa'e ti'e.
Slide 23
Slide 2+ Coolin S.ste's
1.4.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of coolin s.ste's
Electronic co'ponents enerate heat. Eeat is caused #. the flow of current
within the co'ponents. Co'puter co'ponents perfor' #etter when &ept
cool. If the heat is not re'oved, the co'puter 'a. run slower. If too 'uch
heat #uilds up, co'puter co'ponents can #e da'aed.
Increasin the air flow in the co'puter case allows 'ore heat to #e
re'oved. * case fan is installed in the co'puter case to 'a&e the coolin
process 'ore efficient.
In addition to case fans, a heat sin& draws heat awa. fro' the core of the
CP,. * fan on top of the heat sin& 'oves the heat awa. fro' the CP,.
%ther co'ponents are also suscepti#le to heat da'ae and are so'eti'es
e;uipped with fans. Hideo adapter cards also produce a reat deal of heat.
:ans are dedicated to cool the raphics9processin unit 8LP,<.
Co'puters with e-tre'el. fast CP,s and LP,s 'a. use a water9coolin
s.ste'. * 'etal plate is placed over the processor and water is pu'ped
over the top to collect the heat that the CP, creates. The water is pu'ped
to a radiator to #e cooled #. the air, and then re9circulated.
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Slide 24
Slide 24 (ead9onl. Ae'or. 8(%A<
1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A
(ead9onl. 'e'or. 8(%A< chips are located on the 'other#oard. (%A chips
contain instructions that can #e directl. accessed #. the CP,. >asic
instructions for #ootin the co'puter and loadin the operatin s.ste' are
stored in (%A. (%A chips retain their contents even when the co'puter is
powered down. The contents cannot #e erased or chaned #. nor'al 'eans.
N(TE: (%A is so'eti'es called fir'ware. This is 'isleadin #ecause
fir'ware is actuall. the software that is stored in a (%A chip.
Slide 25
Slide 20 (ando'9access Ae'or. 8(*A<
1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A
(ando' access 'e'or. 8(*A< is the te'porar. storae for data and
prora's that are #ein accessed #. the CP,. (*A is volatile 'e'or., which
'eans that the contents are erased when the co'puter is powered off. The
'ore (*A in a co'puter, the 'ore capacit. the co'puter has to hold and
process lare prora's and files, as well as enhance s.ste' perfor'ance.
The different t.pes of (*A are!
8ynamic %andom Access &emory /8%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that is
used as 'ain 'e'or.. /(*A 'ust #e constantl. refreshed with pulses of
electricit. in order to 'aintain the data stored within a chip.
Static %andom Access &emory /S%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that is used as
cache 'e'or.. S(*A is 'uch faster than /(*A and does not have to #e
refreshed as often.
9ast Page &ode 8%A& /9P& &emory1 is 'e'or. that supports pain.
Pain ena#les faster access to the data than reular /(*A. Aost 431
and Pentiu' s.ste's fro' 1DD0 and earlier use :PA 'e'or..
E,tended 8ata ($t %A& /E8( &emory1 is 'e'or. that overlaps
consecutive data accesses. This speeds up the access ti'e to retrieve
data fro' 'e'or., #ecause the CP, does not have to wait fro one data
access c.cle to end #efore another data access c.cle #eins.
Sync"rono$s 8%A& /S8%A&1 is /(*A that operates in s.nchroni?ation
with the 'e'or. #us. The 'e'or. #us is the data path #etween the CP,
and the 'ain 'e'or..
8o$:le 8ata %ate S8%A& /88% S8%A&1 is 'e'or. that transfers data
twice as fast a S/(*A. //( S/(*A increases perfor'ance #.
transferrin data twice per c.cle.
8o$:le 8ata %ate ' S8%A& /88%' S8%A&1 is faster than //( S/(*A
'e'or.. //(2 S/(*A i'proves perfor'ance over //( S/(*A #.
decreasin noise and crosstal& #etween the sinal wires.
%A&;$s 8%A& /%8%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that was developed to
co''unicate at ver. hih rates of speed. (/(*A chips are not co''onl.
used.
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Slide 26
Slide 21 Ae'or. Aodules
1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A
Earl. co'puters had (*A installed on the 'other#oard as individual chips.
The individual 'e'or. chips, called dual inline pac&ae 8/IP< chips, were
difficult to install and often #eca'e loose on the 'other#oard. To solve this
pro#le', desiners soldered the 'e'or. chips on a special circuit #oard called
a 'e'or. 'odule. The different t.pes of 'e'or. 'odules are!
/ual Inline Pac&ae 88IP< is an individual 'e'or. chip. * /IP had dual
rows of pins used to attach it to the 'other#oard.
Sinle Inline Ae'or. Aodule 8SI&&< is a s'all circuit #oard that holds
several 'e'or. chips. SIAAs have +09pin and 229pin confiurations.
/ual Inline Ae'or. Aodule 88I&&< is a circuit #oard that holds S/(*A,
//( S/(*A, and //(2 S/(*A chips. There are 1139pin S/(*A
/IAAs, 1349pin //( /IAAs, and 2409pin //(2 /IAAs.
(*A >us Inline Ae'or. Aodule 8%I&&< is a circuit #oard that holds
(/(*A chips. * t.pical (IAA has a 1349pin confiuration.
N(TE: Ae'or. 'odules can #e sinle9sided or dou#le9sided. Sinle9sided
'e'or. 'odules onl. contain (*A on one side of the 'odule. /ou#le9sided
'e'or. 'odules contain (*A on #oth sides of the 'odule.
Slide 27
Slide 22 Cache and Error Chec&in
1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A
Cac"e 9 S(*A is used as cache 'e'or. to store the 'ost fre;uentl. used
data. S(*A provides the processor with faster access to the data than
retrievin it fro' the slower /(*A, or 'ain 'e'or.. The three t.pes of cache
'e'or. are!
"1 cache is internal cache and is interated into the CP,.
"2 cache is e-ternal cache and was oriinall. 'ounted on the 'other#oard
near the CP,. "2 cache is now interated into the CP,.
"+ cache is used on so'e hih9end wor&stations and server CP,s.
Error C"ecking < Ae'or. errors occur when the data is not stored correctl. in
the (*A chips. The co'puter uses different 'ethods to detect and correct
data errors in 'e'or.. Three different 'ethods of 'e'or. error chec&in are!
Bonparit. 'e'or. does not chec& for errors in 'e'or..
Parit. 'e'or. contains eiht #its for data and one #it for error chec&in.
The error9chec&in #it is called the parit. #it.
Error Correction Code 8ECC< 'e'or. can detect 'ultiple #it errors in
'e'or. and correct sinle #it errors in 'e'or..
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Slide 28
Slide 23 *dapter Cards
1.4.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of adapter cards
*dapter cards increase the functionalit. of a co'puter #. addin controllers for
specific devices or #. replacin 'alfunctionin ports. *dapter cards are used to
e-pand and custo'i?e the capa#ilit. of the co'puter!
BIC 9 Connects co'puter to a networ& usin a networ& ca#le
4ireless BIC 9 Connects co'puter to a networ& usin radio fre;uencies
Sound adapter 9 Provides audio capa#ilit.
Hideo adapter 9 Provides raphic capa#ilit.
Aode' adapter 9 Connects a co'puter to the Internet usin a phone line
SCSI adapter 9 Connects SCSI devices, such as hard drives or tape drives,
to a co'puter
(*I/ adapter 9 Connects 'ultiple hard drives to a co'puter to provide
redundanc. and i'prove perfor'ance
,S> port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices
Parallel port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices
Serial port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices
Co'puters have e-pansion slots on the 'other#oard to install adapter cards.
The t.pe of adapter card connector 'ust 'atch the e-pansion slot. * riser card
was used in co'puter s.ste's with the "PN for' factor to allow adapter cards
to #e installed hori?ontall.. The riser card was 'ainl. used in sli'9line des&top
co'puters. The different t.pes of e-pansion slots are!
Industr. Standard *rchitecture 8IS*< is an 39#it or 119#it e-pansion slot.
This is older technolo. and is seldo' used.
E-tended Industr. Standard *rchitecture 8EIS*< is a +29#it e-pansion slot.
This is older technolo. and is seldo' used.
Aicrochannel *rchitecture 8AC*< is an I>A9proprietar. +29#it e-pansion
slot. This is older technolo. and is seldo' used.
Peripheral Co'ponent Interconnect 8PCI< is a +29#it or 149#it e-pansion
slot. PCI is the standard slot currentl. used in 'ost co'puters.
*dvanced Lraphics Port 8*LP< is a +29#it e-pansion slot. *LP is desined
for video adapters.
PCI9E-press is a serial #us e-pansion slot. PCI9E-press is #ac&ward
co'pati#le with PCI parallel slot. PCI9E-press has -1, -4, -3, and -11
slots.
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Slide 29
Slide 2D Eard /rives and :lopp. /rives
1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives
* storae drive reads or writes infor'ation to 'anetic or optical storae
'edia. The drive can #e used to store data per'anentl. or to retrieve
infor'ation fro' a 'edia dis&. Storae drives can #e installed inside the
co'puter case, such as a hard drive. :or porta#ilit., so'e storae drives can
connect to the co'puter usin a ,S> port, a :ire4ire port, or an SCSI port.
These porta#le storae drives are so'eti'es referred to as re'ova#le drives
and can #e used on 'ultiple co'puters. Eere are so'e co''on t.pes of
storae drives!
:lopp. drive
Eard drive
%ptical drive
:lash drive
Betwor& drive
* floppy drive, or flopp. dis& drive, is a storae device that uses
re'ova#le +.09inch flopp. dis&s. These 'anetic flopp. dis&s can store
220 G> or 1.44 A> of data. In a co'puter, the flopp. drive is usuall.
confiured as the *! drive. The flopp. drive can #e used to #oot the
co'puter if it contains a #oota#le flopp. dis&. * 0.209inch flopp. drive is
older technolo. and is seldo' used.
* "ard drive, or hard dis& drive, is a 'anetic storae device that is
installed inside the co'puter. The hard drive is used as per'anent storae
for data. In a co'puter, the hard drive is usuall. confiured as the C! drive
and contains the operatin s.ste' and applications. The hard drive is
usuall. confiured as the first drive in the #oot se;uence. The storae
capacit. of a hard drive is 'easured in #illions of #.tes, or ia#.tes 8L><.
The speed of a hard drive is 'easured in revolutions per 'inute 8(PA<.
Aultiple hard drives can #e added to increase storae capacit..
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Slide 30
Slide +0 %ptical /rives and :lash /rives
1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives
*n optical drive is a storae device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
'edia. There are two t.pes of optical drives!
Co'pact disc 8C/<
/iital versatile disc 8/H/<
C/ and /H/ 'edia can #e pre9recorded 8read9onl.<, recorda#le 8write once<,
or re9recorda#le 8read and write 'ultiple ti'es<. C/s have a data storae
capacit. of appro-i'atel. 200 A>. /H/s have a data storae capacit. of
appro-i'atel. 3.0 L> on one side of the disc. There are several t.pes of
optical 'edia!
C/9(%A C/ read9onl. 'e'or. 'edia that is pre9recorded.
C/9( C/9recorda#le 'edia that can #e recorded once.
C/9(4 C/9rewrita#le 'edia that can #e recorded, erased, and re9
recorded.
/H/9(%A /H/ read9onl. 'e'or. 'edia that is pre9recorded.
/H/9(*A /H/9rando' access 'e'or. 'edia that can #e recorded,
erased, and re9recorded.
/H/@)9( /H/9recorda#le 'edia that can #e recorded once.
/H/@)9(4 /H/9rewrita#le 'edia that can #e recorded, erased, and re9
recorded.
* flas" drive, also &nown as a thu'# drive, is a re'ova#le storae device that
connects to a ,S> port. * flash drive uses a special t.pe of 'e'or. that
re;uires no power to 'aintain the data. These drives can #e accessed #. the
operatin s.ste' in the sa'e wa. other t.pes of drives are accessed.
Eard drives and optical drives are 'anufactured with different interfaces that
are used to connect the drive to the co'puter. To install a storae drive in a
co'puter, the connection interface on the drive 'ust #e the sa'e as the
controller on the 'other#oard. Eere are so'e co''on drive interfaces!
I8E Interated /rive Electronics, also called *dvanced Technolo.
*ttach'ent 8*T*< is an earl. drive controller interface that connects
co'puters and hard dis& drives. *n I/E interface uses a 409pin connector.
EI8E Enhanced Interated /rive Electronics, also called *T*92, is an
updated version of the I/E drive controller interface. EI/E supports hard
drives larer than 012 A>, ena#les /irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*< for
speed, and uses the *T *ttach'ent Pac&et Interface 8*T*PI< to
acco''odate optical drives and tape drives on the EI/E #us. *n EI/E
interface uses a 409pin connector.
PATA Parallel *T* refers to the parallel version of the *T* drive controller
interface.
SATA Serial *T* refers to the serial version of the *T* drive controller
interface. * S*T* interface uses a 29pin connector.
SCSI S'all Co'puter S.ste' Interface is a drive controller interface that
can connect up to 10 drives. SCSI can connect #oth internal and e-ternal
drives. *n SCSI interface uses a 009pin, 139pin, or 309pin connector.
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Slide 31
Slide +1 Internal Ca#les
1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal ca#les
/rives re;uire #oth a power ca#le and a data ca#le. * power suppl. will have a
S*T* power connector for S*T* drives, a Aole- power connector for P*T*
drives, and a >er 49pin connector for flopp. drives. The #uttons and the "E/
lihts on the front of the case connect to the 'other#oard with the front panel
ca#les. /ata ca#les connect drives to the drive controller, which is located on
an adapter card or on the 'other#oard. Eere are so'e co''on t.pes of data
ca#les!
:lopp. dis& drive 8://< data ca#le /ata ca#le has up to two +49pin drive
connectors and one +49pin connector for the drive controller.
P*T* 8I/E< data ca#le Parallel *T* data ca#le has 40 conductors, up to
two 409pin connectors for drives, and one 409pin connector for the drive
controller.
P*T* 8EI/E< data ca#le Parallel *T* data ca#le has 30 conductors, up to
two 409pin connectors for drives, and one 409pin connector for the drive
controller.
S*T* data ca#le Serial *T* data ca#le has seven conductors, one &e.ed
connector for the drive, and one &e.ed connector the drive controller.
SCSI data ca#le There are three t.pes of SCSI data ca#les. * narrow
SCSI data ca#le has 009conductors, up to seven 009pin connectors for
drives, and one 009pin connector for the drive controller, also called the
host adapter. * wide SCSI data ca#le has 139conductors, up to fifteen 139
pin connectors for drives, and one 139pin connector for the host adapter.
*n *lt94 SCSI data ca#le has 309conductors, up to O10O 309pin connectors
for drives, and one 309pin connector for the host adapter.
N(TE: * colored stripe on a ca#le identifies Pin 1 on the ca#le. 4hen installin
a data ca#le, alwa.s ensure that Pin 1 on the ca#le alins with Pin 1 on the
drive or drive controller. So'e ca#les 'a. #e &e.ed and therefore the. can
onl. #e connected one wa. to the drive and drive controller.
St$dent Activity: The student course content includes wor&sheet, 1.4.2
(esearch Co'puter Co'ponents. To co'plete this wor&sheet, students will
research the co'ponents needed to co'plete a custo'er=s co'puter. The.
should #e prepared to discuss their selections.
Slide 32
Slide +2 Serial Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
Input)output 8I)%< ports on a co'puter connect peripheral devices, such as
printers, scanners, and porta#le drives. The followin ports and ca#les are
co''onl. used!
Serial
,S>
:ire4ire
Parallel
SCSI
Betwor&
PS)2
*udio
Hideo
Serial Ports and Ca:les 9 * serial port can #e either a />9D or a />920 'ale
connector. Serial ports trans'it one #it of data at a ti'e. To connect a serial
device, such as a 'ode' or printer, a serial ca#le 'ust #e used. * serial ca#le
has a 'a-i'u' lenth of 00 feet 810.2 '<.
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Slide 33
Slide ++ ,S> Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
-S; Ports and Ca:les ) The ,niversal Serial >us 8,S>< is a standard
interface that connects peripheral devices to a co'puter. It was oriinall.
desined to replace serial and parallel connections. ,S> devices are hot9
swappa#le, which 'eans that users can connect and disconnect the devices
while the co'puter is powered on. ,S> connections can #e found on
co'puters, ca'eras, printers, scanners, storae devices, and 'an. other
electronic devices. * ,S> hu# is used to connect 'ultiple ,S> devices. *
sinle ,S> port in a co'puter can support up to 122 separate devices with the
use of 'ultiple ,S> hu#s. So'e devices can also #e powered throuh the
,S> port, eli'inatin the need for an e-ternal power source.
,S> 1.1 allowed trans'ission rates of up to 12 A#ps in full9speed 'ode and
1.0 A#ps in low speed 'ode. ,S> 2.0 allows trans'ission speeds up to 430
A#ps. ,S> devices can onl. transfer data up to the 'a-i'u' speed allowed
#. the specific port.
Slide 34
Slide +4 :ire4ire Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
9ire3ire Ports and Ca:les 9 :ire4ire is a hih9speed, hot9swappa#le
interface that connects peripheral devices to a co'puter. * sinle :ire4ire port
in a co'puter can support up to 1+ devices. So'e devices can also #e
powered throuh the :ire4ire port, eli'inatin the need for an e-ternal power
source. :ire4ire uses the IEEE 1+D4 standard and is also &nown as i."in&.
The IEEE 1+D4a standard supports data rates up to 400 A#ps and ca#le
lenths up to 10 feet 84.0 '<. This standard uses a 19pin connector or a 49pin
connector. The IEEE 1+D4# standard supports data rates in e-cess of 300
A#ps and uses a D9pin connector.
Slide 35
Slide +0 Parallel Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
Parallel Ports and Ca:les ) * parallel port on a co'puter is a standard T.pe
* />920 fe'ale connector. The parallel connector on a printer is a standard
T.pe > +19pin Centronics connector. So'e newer printers 'a. use a T.pe C
hih9densit. +19pin connector. Parallel ports can trans'it 3 #its of data at one
ti'e and use the IEEE 1234 standard. To connect a parallel device, such as a
printer, a parallel ca#le 'ust #e used. * parallel ca#le has a 'a-i'u' lenth of
10 feet 84.0 '<.
Slide 36
Slide +1 SCSI Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
SCSI Ports and Ca:les * SCSI port can trans'it data at rates in e-cess of
+20 A#ps and can support up to 10 devices. If a sinle SCSI device is
connected to an SCSI port, the ca#le can #e up to 30 feet 824.4 '< in lenth. If
'ultiple SCSI devices are connected to an SCSI port, the ca#le can #e up to
40 812.2 '< feet in lenth. *n SCSI port on a co'puter can #e one of three
different t.pes!
/>920 fe'ale connector
Eih9densit. 009pin fe'ale connector
Eih9densit. 139pin fe'ale connector
N(TE: SCSI devices 'ust #e ter'inated at the endpoints of the SCSI chain.
Chec& the device 'anual for ter'ination procedures.
CA-TI(N: So'e SCSI connectors rese'#le parallel connectors. >e careful
not to connect the ca#le to the wron port. The voltae used in the SCSI for'at
'a. da'ae the parallel interface. SCSI connectors should #e clearl. la#eled.
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Slide 37
Slide +2 Betwor& Ports and Ca#les
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
Network Ports and Ca:les ) * networ& port, also &nown as an (7940 port,
connects a co'puter to a networ&. The connection speed depends on the t.pe
of networ& port. Standard Ethernet can trans'it up to 10 A#ps, :ast Ethernet
can trans'it up to 100 A#ps, and Lia#it Ethernet can trans'it up to 1000
A#ps. The 'a-i'u' lenth of networ& ca#le is +23 feet 8100 '<.
Slide 38
Slide +3 PS)2 Ports and *udio Ports
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
PS5' Ports 9 * PS)2 port connects a &e.#oard or a 'ouse to a co'puter. The
PS)2 port is a 19pin 'ini9/IB fe'ale connector. The connectors for the
&e.#oard and 'ouse are often colored differentl.. If the ports are not color9
coded, loo& for a s'all fiure of a 'ouse or &e.#oard ne-t to each port.
A$dio Ports 9 *n audio port connects audio devices to the co'puter. The
followin audio ports are co''onl. used!
"ine In Connects to an e-ternal source, such as a stereo s.ste'
Aicrophone Connects to a 'icrophone
"ine %ut Connects to spea&ers or headphones
La'eport)AI/I Connects to a $o.stic& or AI/I9interfaced device
Slide 39
Slide +D Hideo Ports
1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les
0ideo Ports and Connectors 9 * video port connects a 'onitor ca#le to a
co'puter. There are several video port and connector t.pes!
0ideo =rap"ics Array /0=A1 HL* has a +9row 109pin fe'ale connector
and provides analo output to a 'onitor.
8igital 0is$al Interface /80I1 /HI has a 249pin fe'ale connector or a
2D9pin fe'ale connector and provides a co'pressed diital output to a
'onitor. /HI9I provides #oth analo and diital sinals. /HI9/ provides
diital sinals onl..
Hig"<8efinition &$ltimedia Interface /H8&i1 E/Ai has a 1D9pin
connector and provides diital video and diital audio sinals.
S<0ideo S9Hideo has a 49pin connector and provides analo video
sinals.
Component5%=; (L> has three shielded ca#les 8red, reen, #lue< with
(C* $ac&s and provides analo video sinals.
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Slide 40
Slide 40 Input /evices
1.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices
Eere are so'e e-a'ples of input devices used to enter data or instructions into
a co'puter!
The mo$se and key:oard are the two 'ost co''onl. used input devices.
The 'ouse is used to naviate the raphical user interface 8L,I<. The
&e.#oard is used to enter te-t co''ands that control the co'puter.
8igital cameras and digital video cameras create i'aes that can #e
stored on 'anetic 'edia. The i'ae is stored as a file that can #e
displa.ed, printed, or altered.
;iometric identification 'a&es use of features that are uni;ue to an
individual user, such as finerprints, voice reconition, or a retinal scan.
4hen co'#ined with ordinar. userna'es, #io'etrics uarantees that the
authori?ed person is accessin the data.
* to$c" screen has a pressure9sensitive transparent panel. The co'puter
receives instructions specific to the place on the screen that the user
touches.
* scanner diiti?es an i'ae or docu'ent. The diiti?ation of the i'ae is
stored as a file that can #e displa.ed, printed, or altered. * #ar code reader
is a t.pe of scanner that reads universal product code 8,PC< #ar codes. It
is widel. used for pricin and inventor. infor'ation.
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Slide 41
Slide 41 Aonitors and Pro$ectors
1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices
*n output device is used to present infor'ation to the user fro' a co'puter. So'e
e-a'ples of output devices, include 'onitors, pro$ectors, printers, scanners, fa-
'achines, spea&ers, and headphones.
&onitors and Pro>ectors 9 Aonitors and pro$ectors are pri'ar. output devices for a
co'puter. The 'ost i'portant difference #etween these 'onitor t.pes is the technolo.
used to create an i'ae!
Cat"ode<ray t$:e /C%T1 'onitor is the 'ost co''on 'onitor t.pe. (ed, reen, and
#lue electron #ea's 'ove #ac& and forth across the phosphorous9coated screen. The
phosphor lows when struc& #. the electron #ea'. *reas not struc& #. the electron
#ea' do not low. The co'#ination of lowin and non9lowin areas is what creates
the i'ae on the screen. Aost televisions also use this technolo..
+i?$id crystal display /+C81 is co''onl. used in laptops and so'e pro$ectors. It
consists of two polari?in filters with a li;uid cr.stal solution #etween the'. *n electronic
current alins the cr.stals so that liht can either pass throuh or not pass throuh. The
effect of liht passin throuh in certain areas and not in others is what creates the
i'ae. "C/ co'es in two for's, active 'atri- and passive 'atri-. *ctive 'atri- is
so'eti'es called thin fil' transistor 8T:T<. T:T allows each pi-el to #e controlled, which
creates ver. sharp color i'aes. Passive 'atri- is less e-pensive than active 'atri- #ut
does not provide the sa'e level of i'ae control.
8igital lig"t processing /8+P1 is another technolo. used in pro$ectors. /"P
pro$ectors use a spinnin color wheel with a 'icroprocessor9controlled arra. of 'irrors
called a diital 'icro'irror device 8/A/<. Each 'irror corresponds to a specific pi-el.
Each 'irror reflects liht toward or awa. fro' the pro$ector optics. This creates a
'onochro'atic i'ae of up to 1024 shades of ra. in #etween white and #lac&. The
color wheel then adds the color data to co'plete the pro$ected, color i'ae.
Aonitor resolution refers to the level of i'ae detail that can #e reproduced. Eiher
resolution settins produce #etter i'ae ;ualit.. There are several factors involved in
'onitor resolution!
Pi,els The ter' pi-el is an a##reviation for picture ele'ent. Pi-els are the tin.
dots that co'prise a screen. Each pi-el consists of red, reen, and #lue.
8ot Pitc" /ot pitch is the distance #etween pi-els on the screen. * lower dot
pitch nu'#er produces a #etter i'ae.
%efres" %ate The refresh rate is how often per second the i'ae is re#uilt. *
hiher refresh rate produces a #etter i'ae and reduces the level of flic&er.
Interlace5Non<Interlace Interlaced 'onitors create the i'ae #. scannin the
screen two ti'es. The first scan covers the odd lines, top to #otto', and the second
scan covers the even lines. Bon9interlaced 'onitors create the i'ae #. scannin
the screen, one line at a ti'e fro' top to #otto'. Aost C(T 'onitors toda. are
non9interlaced.
Hori@ontal 0ertical Colors /H0C1 The nu'#er of pi-els in a line is the hori?ontal
resolution. The nu'#er of lines in a screen is the vertical resolution. The nu'#er of
colors that can #e reproduced is the color resolution.
Aspect %atio *spect ratio is the hori?ontal to vertical 'easure'ent of the
viewin area of a 'onitor. :or e-a'ple, a 4!+ aspect ratio would appl. to a viewin
area that is 11 inches wide #. 12 inches hih. * 4!+ aspect radio would also appl.
to a viewin area that is 24 inches wide #. 13 inches hih. * viewin area that is 22
inches wide #. 12 inches hih has an aspect ratio of 11!1.
Aonitors have controls for ad$ustin the ;ualit. of the i'ae. Eere are so'e co''on
'onitor settins!
>rihtness Intensit. of the i'ae
Contrast (atio of liht to dar&
Position Hertical and hori?ontal location of i'ae on the screen
(eset (eturns the 'onitor settins to factor. settins
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Slide 42
Slide 42 %ther %utput /evices
1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices
PrintersA ScannersA and 9a, &ac"ines 9 Printers are output devices that
create hard copies of co'puter files. So'e printers speciali?e in particular
applications, such as printin color photoraphs. %ther all9in9one t.pe printers
are desined to provide 'ultiple services such as printin, fa-, and copier
functions.
Speakers and Headp"ones 9 Spea&ers and headphones are output devices
for audio sinals. Aost co'puters have audio support either interated into the
'other#oard or on an adapter card. *udio support includes ports that allow
input and output of audio sinals. The audio card has an a'plifier to power
headphones and e-ternal spea&ers.
Slide 43
Slide 4+ S.ste' (esources
1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
S.ste' resources are used for co''unication purposes #etween the CP,
and other co'ponents in a co'puter. There are three co''on s.ste'
resources!
Interrupt (e;uests 8I(P<
Input)%utput 8I)%< Port *ddresses
/irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*<
Slide 44
Slide 44 Interrupt (e;uests 8I(Ps<
1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
Interr$pt %e?$ests 9 I(Ps are used #. co'puter co'ponents to re;uest
infor'ation fro' the CP,. The I(P travels alon a wire on the 'other#oard to
the CP,. 4hen the CP, receives an interrupt re;uest, the CP, deter'ines
how to fulfill this re;uest. The priorit. of the re;uest is deter'ined #. the I(P
nu'#er assined to that co'puter co'ponent. %lder co'puters onl. had eiht
I(Ps to assin to devices. Bewer co'puters have 11 I(Ps, which are
nu'#ered 0 to 10. *s a eneral rule, each co'ponent in the co'puter 'ust #e
assined a uni;ue I(P. I(P conflicts can cause co'ponents to stop
functionin and even cause the co'puter to crash. 4ith the nu'erous
co'ponents that can #e installed in a co'puter, it is difficult to assin a uni;ue
I(P to ever. co'ponent. Toda., 'ost I(P nu'#ers are assined auto'aticall.
with plu and pla. 8PnP< operatin s.ste's and the i'ple'entation of PCI
slots, ,S> ports, and :ire4ire ports.
Slide 45
Slide 40 Input)%utput 8I)%< Port *ddresses
1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
Inp$t5($tp$t /I5(1 Port Addresses 9 Input)output 8I)%< port addresses are
used to co''unicate #etween devices and software. The I)% port address is
used to send and receive data for a co'ponent. *s with I(Ps, each co'ponent
will have a uni;ue I)% port assined. There are 10,0+0 I)% ports in a co'puter,
and the. are referenced #. a he-adeci'al address in the rane of 0000h to
::::h.
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Slide 46
Slide 41 /irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*<
1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes
8irect &emory Access 9 /A* channels are used #. hih9speed devices to
co''unicate directl. with 'ain 'e'or.. These channels allow the device to
#.pass interaction with the CP, and directl. store and retrieve infor'ation fro'
'e'or.. %nl. certain devices can #e assined a /A* channel, such as SCSI
host adapters and sound cards. %lder co'puters onl. had four /A* channels
to assin to co'ponents. Bewer co'puters have eiht /A* channels that are
nu'#ered 0 to 2.
Slide 47
Slide 42 Chapter 1 Su''ar.
This chapter introduced the IT industr., options for trainin and e'plo.'ent,
and so'e of the industr.9standard certifications. This chapter also covered the
co'ponents that co'prise a personal co'puter s.ste'. Auch of the content in
this chapter will help .ou throuhout this course!
Infor'ation Technolo. enco'passes the use of co'puters, networ&
hardware, and software to process, store, trans'it, and retrieve
infor'ation.
* personal co'puter s.ste' consists of hardware co'ponents and
software applications.
The co'puter case and power suppl. 'ust #e chosen carefull. to support
the hardware inside the case and allow for the addition of co'ponents.
The internal co'ponents of a co'puter are selected for specific features
and functions. *ll internal co'ponents 'ust #e co'pati#le with the
'other#oard.
Fou should use the correct t.pe of ports and ca#les when connectin
devices.
T.pical input devices include the &e.#oard, 'ouse, touch screen, and
diital ca'eras.
T.pical output devices include 'onitors, printers, and spea&ers.
S.ste' resources 'ust #e assined to co'puter co'ponents. S.ste'
resources include I(Ps, I)% port addresses, and /A*s.
Slide 48
Slide 43 Instructor Trainin *ctivities
Slide 49
Slide 4D *ctivities for Instructor Trainin
These activities are suested for use in instructor trainin.
1. Ta&e the Pui? provided in Chapter 1 course content.
2. Co'plete the 2 wor&sheets included in Chapter 1. 4hile co'pletin these,
'a&e notes of potential issues and ;uestions that students 'a. have.
+. Conduct Internet research to pre9screen online resources for students to
use in co'pletin the student wor&sheets!
1.1.2 7o#s %pportunities
1.4.2 (esearch Co'puter Co'ponents
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ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes
Slide 50
Slide 00 Instructor Trainin /iscussion
/iscuss ;uestions. Participate in discussion or $ournal .our answers to
discussion ;uestions.
Share and discuss with the other instructors, .our list of an. potential
student issues and ;uestions reardin the wor&sheets.
Share with the other instructors, .our list of online resources for students to
use in co'pletin the research.
Slide 51
Slide 01 *dditional (esources
Career resources, news, $o#s and resu'es in Infor'ation Technolo.
and Enineerin http!))www.techcareers.co')
Co'pTI* *@C Certification
http!))certification.co'ptia.or)a)default.asp-
European Certification of Infor'atics Professionals
http!))www.eucip.co')inde-.$sp
%h'Is "aw http!))www.rc.nasa.ov)444)G9
12)Sa'pleKPro$ects)%h'sK"aw)oh'slaw.ht'l
EowStuff4or&s! ItIs Lood to Gnow http!))co'puter.howstuffwor&s.co'
M/Bet! Tech Bews, >los and 4hite Papers for IT Professionals
http!))www.?dnet.co'
4hatisJco'! IT Enc.clopedia and "earnin Center http!))whatis.co'
TechTaret! The Aost Tareted IT Aedia http!))techtaret.co'
CBET.co' http!))www.cnet.co'
PC 4orld http!))www.pcworld.co'
Co'puter4orld http!))www.co'puterworld.co'
4I(E/ BE4S http!))www.wired.co'
e4EEG.co' http!))www.ewee&.co'
Slide 52
Slide 02 P and *
Slide 53
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