0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes
Title Slide Cisco Networking Academy program IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4! C"apter #: Introd$ction to t"e Personal Comp$ter Slide 2 Slide 2 Purpose of this Presentation The purpose of this presentation is to provide to instructors an overview of ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1, includin the followin! "ist of chapter o#$ectives %verview of the chapter contents, includin student wor&sheets included in the course content and so'e potential student 'isconceptions (eflection)*ctivities for instructors to co'plete to prepare to teach *dditional resources Slide 3 Slide + Chapter 1 %#$ectives ,pon co'pletion of this chapter, students will #e a#le to perfor' tas&s related to! 1.1 E-plain the IT industr. certifications 1.2 /escri#e a co'puter s.ste' 1.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power supplies 1.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal co'ponents 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les 1.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices 1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices 1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes Slide 4 Slide 4 Chapter 1 4or&sheets There are two wor&sheets included in Chapter 1. These are availa#le at the #otto' of associated paes of course content and #. clic&in on the 5"a#s6 lin& in the Inde- window of Chapter 1. 1.1.2 4or&sheet! 7o# %pportunities 8(esearch three co'puter9related $o#s. :or each $o#, record the co'pan. na'e, the $o# title, the $o# details that are 'ost i'portant to .ou, and the $o# ;ualifications.< 1.4.2 4or&sheet! (esearch Co'puter Co'ponents 8(esearch the co'ponents needed to co'plete a custo'er=s co'puter. >e prepared to discuss .our selections.< Ma !00" p# 1 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 5 Slide 0 Infor'ation Technolo. 8IT< 1.0 Chapter Introduction Infor'ation technolo. 8IT< is the desin, develop'ent, i'ple'entation, support, and 'anae'ent of co'puter hardware and software applications. *n IT professional is &nowledea#le a#out co'puter s.ste's and operatin s.ste's. This chapter will review IT certifications and the co'ponents of a #asic personal co'puter s.ste'. *fter co'pletin this chapter, students will 'eet these o#$ectives! E-plain the IT industr. certification /escri#e a co'puter s.ste' Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power supplies Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal co'ponents Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes Slide 6 Slide 1 IT Technician 1.1 E-plain the IT industr. and .our place in it This course will focus on des&top and laptop co'puters. It will also discuss electronic devices, such as personal diital assistants and cell phones. Trainin and e-perience will ;ualif. a technician to service these co'puters and personal electronic devices. Students will ain the speciali?ed technical s&ills needed to install, 'aintain, and repair co'puters. Earnin an industr. standard certification can i'prove confidence and can increase $o# opportunities in IT. This course is focused on the followin two industr. standard certifications! The Co'pTI* *@ The European Certification of Infor'atics Professional 8E,CIP< IT *d'inistrator Certification 8Aodules 19 +< *fter co'pletin this section, students will 'eet these o#$ectives! Identif. the education and certifications re;uired /escri#e the *@ Certification /escri#e the E,CIP Certification Ma !00" p# ! of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 7 Slide 2 Education and Certification 1.1.1 Identif. education and certifications This course covers the infor'ation that a technician needs to #e successful in IT! Personal co'puters Safe la# procedures Trou#leshootin %peratin s.ste's "aptop co'puters Printers and scanners Betwor&s Securit. Co''unication s&ills This course focuses on two hardware and software s&ills9#ased industr. certifications! Co'pTI* *@ and E,CIP. This course is onl. an introduction into the world of IT. * technician 'a. continue to stud. and earn the followin certifications! CCB* 9 Cisco Certified Betwor&in *ssociate CCBP 9 Cisco Certified Betwor&in Professional CCIE 9 Cisco Certified Internetwor&in E-pert CISSP 9 Certified Infor'ation S.ste's Securit. Professional ACP 9 Aicrosoft Certified Professional ACS* 9 Aicrosoft Certified S.ste's *d'inistrator ACSE 9 Aicrosoft Certified S.ste's Enineer Betwor&@ 9 Co'pTI* Betwor& Certification "inu-@ 9 Co'pTI* "inu- Certification IT certifications can #e used as credits for universit. and collee derees in areas such as co'puter science and teleco''unications. Slide 8 Slide 3 Co'pTI* *@ Certification 1.1.2 /escri#e the *@ certification Co'putin Technolo. Industr. *ssociation 8Co'pTI*< developed the *@ Certification prora'. *n *@ Certification candidate 'ust pass two e-a's. 1. The first e-a' is Co'pTI* *@ Essentials 82209101<, which covers the #asic s&ills needed to install, #uild, uprade, repair, confiure, trou#leshoot, opti'i?e, dianose, and 'aintain #asic personal co'puter hardware and operatin s.ste's. 2. The second e-a' depends on the t.pe of certification desired. IT Technician 82209102< 9 :ield technicians wor& in #oth 'o#ile and corporate technical environ'ents. (e'ote Support Technician 8220910+< * re'ote support technician is responsi#le for assistin a custo'er without ph.sicall. touchin the custo'er=s co'puter. * re'ote technician will often wor& in a call center environ'ent where technicians resolve operatin s.ste' and connectivit. issues over the telephone or Internet. /epot Technician 82209104< 9 The depot technician has li'ited interaction with the custo'er and wor&s pri'aril. in a wor&shop or la#. * depot technician is also called a #ench technician. St$dent Activity: The student course content includes wor&sheet, 1.1.2 7o# %pportunities. To co'plete this wor&sheet, students will research three co'puter9related $o#s. :or each $o#, the. will record the co'pan. na'e, the $o# title, the $o# details that are 'ost i'portant to the', and the $o# ;ualifications. %eso$rces: Co'pTI* *@C Certification http!))certification.co'ptia.or)a)default.asp- Ma !00" p# $ of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 9 Slide D E,CIP IT *d'inistrator Certification 1.1.+ /escri#e the E,CIP certification The E,CIP IT *d'inistrator certification covers the standards prescri#ed #. the Council of European Professional Infor'atics Societies 8CEPIS<. The E,CIP IT *d'inistrator Certification consists of five 'odules, with a correspondin e-a' for each 'odule. This course will prepare a student for Aodules 19+. Aodule 1! Co'puter Eardware Aodule 2! %peratin S.ste's Aodule +! "ocal *rea Betwor& and Betwor& Services Aodule 4! E-pert Betwor& ,se Aodule 0! IT Securit. Slide 10 Slide 10 E,CIP IT *d'inistrator Certification 1.1.+ /escri#e the E,CIP certification This course will prepare a student for Aodules 19+. &od$le #: Comp$ter Hardware includes the #asic 'a&eup of a personal co'puter and the functions of the co'ponents, a#ilit. to effectivel. dianose and repair hardware pro#le's, and a#ilit. to advise custo'ers of appropriate hardware to #u.. &od$le ': (perating Systems ) re;uires fa'iliarit. with the procedures for installin and updatin 'ost co''on operatin s.ste's and applications and fa'iliarit. with s.ste' tools for trou#leshootin and repairin operatin s.ste's. &od$le *: +ocal Area Network and Network Services re;uires fa'iliarit. with the procedure of installin, usin, and 'anain local area networ&s, a#ilit. to add and re'ove users and shared resources, and how to use s.ste' tools to repair the pro#le's that 'a. occur. &od$le 4: E,pert Network -se is #e.ond the scope of the IT Essentials course, althouh so'e of the topics are covered. The E-pert Betwor& ,se 'odule re;uires that the candidate understand "*B co''unication. &od$le .: IT Sec$rity is #e.ond the scope of the IT Essentials course, althouh so'e of the topics are covered. The IT Securit. 'odule re;uires that the candidate #e fa'iliar with securit. 'ethods and features that are availa#le for a standalone or networ&ed co'puter. %eso$rces: European Certification of Infor'atics Professionals http!))www.eucip.co')inde-.$sp Slide 11 Slide 11 PCs and Custo'er Beeds 1.2 /escri#e a co'puter s.ste' * co'puter s.ste' consists of hardware and software co'ponents. Eardware is the ph.sical e;uip'ent such as the case, storae drives, &e.#oards, 'onitors, ca#les, spea&ers, and printers. The ter' software includes the operatin s.ste' and prora's. The operatin s.ste' instructs the co'puter how to operate. These operations 'a. include identif.in, accessin, and processin infor'ation. Prora's or applications perfor' different functions. Prora's var. widel. dependin on the t.pe of infor'ation that will #e accessed or enerated. :or e-a'ple, instructions for #alancin a chec&#oo& are ver. different fro' instructions for si'ulatin a virtual realit. world on the Internet. The followin sections in this chapter discuss the hardware co'ponents found in a co'puter s.ste'. Ma !00" p# 4 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 12 Slide 12 Co'puter Cases and Power Supplies 1.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of cases and power supplies Co'puter case Provides protection and support for the internal co'ponents of the co'puter. Should #e dura#le, eas. to service, and have enouh roo' for e-pansion The si?e and shape of the co'puter case is usuall. deter'ined #. the 'other#oard and other internal co'ponents. Power suppl. Converts alternatin9current 8*C< power fro' the wall soc&et into direct9 current 8/C< power The power suppl. 'ust provide enouh power for the co'ponents that are currentl. installed and allow for additional co'ponents that 'a. #e added at a later ti'e. If .ou choose a power suppl. that powers onl. the current co'ponents, it 'a. #e necessar. to replace the power suppl. when other co'ponents are upraded. *fter co'pletin this section, students will 'eet these o#$ectives! /escri#e cases /escri#e power supplies Slide 13 Slide 1+ Co'puter Cases 1.+.1 /escri#e cases * co'puter case contains the fra'ewor& to support the internal co'ponents of a co'puter while providin an enclosure for added protection. Co'puter cases are t.picall. 'ade of plastic, steel, and alu'inu' and are availa#le in a variet. of st.les. The si?e and la.out of a case is called a for' factor. There are 'an. t.pes of cases, #ut the #asic for' factors for co'puter cases include des&top and tower. /es&top cases 'a. #e sli'line or full9si?ed, and tower cases 'a. #e 'ini or full9si?ed. Co'puter cases are referred to in a nu'#er of wa.s! Co'puter chassis Ca#inet Tower >o- Eousin In addition to providin protection and support, cases also provide an environ'ent desined to &eep the internal co'ponents cool. Case fans are used to 'ove air throuh the co'puter case. *s the air passes war' co'ponents, it a#sor#s heat and then e-its the case. This process &eeps the co'ponents of the co'puter fro' overheatin. Slide 14 Slide 14 Case Selection 1.+.1 /escri#e cases There are 'an. factors that 'ust #e considered when choosin a case! The si?e of the 'other#oard The nu'#er of e-ternal or internal drive locations called #a.s *vaila#le space In addition to providin protection fro' the environ'ent, cases help to prevent da'ae fro' static electricit.. Internal co'ponents of the co'puter are rounded #. attach'ent to the case. N(TE: Fou should select a case that 'atches the ph.sical di'ensions of the power suppl. and 'other#oard. Ma !00" p# % of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 15 Slide 10 Power Supplies 1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies The power suppl. converts alternatin9current 8*C< power co'in fro' a wall outlet into direct9current 8/C< power, which is a lower voltae. /C power is re;uired for all of the co'ponents inside the co'puter. Aost connectors toda. are &e.ed connectors. Ge.ed connectors are desined to #e inserted in onl. one direction. Each part of the connector has a colored wire with a different voltae runnin throuh it. /ifferent connectors are used to connect specific co'ponents and various locations on the 'other#oard! Aole- connector is a &e.ed connector used to connect to an optical drive or a hard drive. >er connector is a &e.ed connector used to connect to a flopp. drive. * >er connector is s'aller than a Aole- connector. * 209pin or 249pin slotted connector is used to connect to the 'other#oard. The 249pin slotted connector has two rows of 129pins each, and the 209pin slotted connector has two rows of 109pins each. * 49pin to 39pin au-iliar. power connector has two rows of two to four pins and supplies power to all areas of the 'other#oard. The 49pin to 39pin au-iliar. power connector is the sa'e shape as the 'ain power connector, #ut s'aller. %lder standard power supplies used two connectors called P3 and PD to connect to the 'other#oard. P3 and PD were un&e.ed connectors. The. could #e installed #ac&wards, potentiall. da'ain the 'other#oard or power suppl.. The installation re;uired that the connectors were lined up with the #lac& wires toether in the 'iddle. N(TE: If .ou have a difficult ti'e insertin a connector, tr. a different wa., or chec& to 'a&e sure there are no #ent pins or forein o#$ects in the wa.. (e'e'#er, if it see's difficult to plu in an. ca#le or other part, there is so'ethin wron. Ca#les, connectors, and co'ponents are desined to fit toether snul.. Bever force an. connector or co'ponent. Ta&e .our ti'e and 'a&e sure that .ou are handlin the hardware correctl.. Ma !00" p# & of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 16 Slide 11 Electricit. and %h'=s "aw 1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies These are the four #asic units of electricit.! Holtae /01 Current /I1 Power /P1 (esistance /%1 Holtae, current, power, and resistance are electronic ter's that a co'puter technician 'ust &now! 0oltage is a 'easure of the force re;uired to push electrons throuh a circuit. Holtae is 'easured in volts /01. * co'puter power suppl. usuall. produces several different voltaes. C$rrent /I1 is a 'easure of the a'ount of electrons oin throuh a circuit. Current is 'easured in a'peres, or amps /A1. Co'puter power supplies deliver different a'peraes for each output voltae. Power is a 'easure of the force re;uired to push electrons throuh a circuit, called voltae, 'ultiplied #. the nu'#er of electrons oin throuh that circuit, called current. The 'easure'ent is called watts 84<. Co'puter power supplies are rated in watts. (esistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit. (esistance is 'easured in oh's. "ower resistance allows 'ore current, and therefore 'ore power, to flow throuh a circuit. * ood fuse will have low resistance or a 'easure'ent of al'ost 0 oh's. There is a #asic e;uation that e-presses how three of the ter's relate to each other. It states that voltae is e;ual to the current 'ultiplied #. the resistance. This is &nown as %h'Is "aw. 0 2 I% In an electrical s.ste', power 8P< is e;ual to the voltae 'ultiplied #. the current. P 2 0I In an electrical circuit, increasin the current or the voltae will result in hiher power. *s an e-a'ple of how this wor&s, i'aine a si'ple circuit that has a D9H liht #ul# hoo&ed up to a D9H #atter.. The power output of the liht #ul# is 10094. ,se the e;uation a#ove to calculate the ;uantit. of current in a'ps would #e re;uired to et 10094 out of this D9H #ul#. To solve this e;uation, we &now the followin infor'ation! P 2 #!! 3 0 2 4 0 I 2 #!! 354 0 2 #### A 4hat happens if a 129H #atter. and a 129H liht #ul# are used to et 100 4 of powerJ #!! 3 5 #' 0 2 6** A This s.ste' produces the sa'e power, #ut with less current. Co'puters nor'all. use power supplies ranin fro' 20094 to 00094. Eowever, so'e co'puters 'a. need 00094 to 30094 power supplies. 4hen #uildin a co'puter, select a power suppl. with sufficient wattae to power all of the co'ponents. %#tain the wattae infor'ation for the co'ponents fro' the 'anufacturerIs docu'entation. 4hen decidin on a power suppl., 'a&e sure to choose a power suppl. that has 'ore than enouh power for the current co'ponents. So'e co'puter 'anufacturers use a proprietar. power suppl.. :or these t.pes of co'puters, the co'puter case is onl. co'pati#le with a power suppl. fro' the sa'e 'anufacturer. %eso$rces: %h'Is "aw http!))www.rc.nasa.ov)444)G9 12)Sa'pleKPro$ects)%h'sK"aw)oh'slaw.ht'l Ma !00" p# " of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 17 Slide 12 Power Supplies 1.+.2 /escri#e power supplies CA-TI(N: /o not open a power suppl.. Electronic capacitors located inside of a power suppl. can hold a chare for e-tended periods of ti'e. Slide 18 Slide 13 Internal Co'ponents 1.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal co'ponents This section discusses the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of the internal co'ponents of a co'puter. *fter co'pletin this section, .ou will 'eet these o#$ectives! Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards E-plain the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of coolin s.ste's Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of adapter cards Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal ca#les Slide 19 Slide 1D Aother#oards 1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards The 'other#oard is the 'ain printed circuit #oard and contains the #uses, or electrical pathwa.s, found in a co'puter. These #uses allow data to travel #etween the various co'ponents that co'prise a co'puter. * 'other#oard is also &nown as the s.ste' #oard, the #ac&plane, or the 'ain #oard. The 'other#oard acco''odates the central processin unit 8CP,<, (*A, e-pansion slots, heat sin&)fan asse'#l., >I%S chip, chip set, and the e'#edded wires that interconnect the 'other#oard co'ponents. Soc&ets, internal and e-ternal connectors, and various ports are also placed on the 'other#oard. Ma !00" p# ' of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 20 Slide 20 Aother#oards 1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of 'other#oards The for' factor of 'other#oards pertains to the si?e and shape of the #oard. It also descri#es the ph.sical la.out of the different co'ponents and devices on the 'other#oard. Harious for' factors e-ist for 'other#oards. *n i'portant set of co'ponents on the 'other#oard is the chip set. The chip set is co'posed of various interated circuits attached to the 'other#oard that control how s.ste' hardware interacts with the CP, and 'other#oard. The CP, is installed into a slot or soc&et on the 'other#oard. The soc&et on the 'other#oard deter'ines the t.pe of CP, that can #e installed. The chip set of a 'other#oard allows the CP, to co''unicate and interact with the other co'ponents of the co'puter, and to e-chane data with s.ste' 'e'or., or (*A, hard dis& drives, video cards, and other output devices. The chip set esta#lishes how 'uch 'e'or. can #e added to a 'other#oard. The chip set also deter'ines the t.pe of connectors on the 'other#oard. Aost chip sets are divided into two distinct co'ponents, Borth#ride and South#ride. 4hat each co'ponent does varies fro' 'anufacturer to 'anufacturer, #ut in eneral the Borth#ride controls access to the (*A, video card, and the speeds at which the CP, can co''unicate with the'. The video card is so'eti'es interated into the Borth#ride. The South#ride, in 'ost cases, allows the CP, to co''unicate with the hard drives, sound card, ,S> ports, and other I)% ports. Slide 21 Slide 21 Central Processin ,nit 8CP,< 1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s The central processin unit 8CP,< is considered the #rain of the co'puter. It is so'eti'es referred to as the processor. Aost calculations ta&e place in the CP,. In ter's of co'putin power, the CP, is the 'ost i'portant ele'ent of a co'puter s.ste'. CP,s co'e in different for' factors, each st.le re;uirin a particular slot or soc&et on the 'other#oard. Co''on CP, 'anufacturers include Intel and *A/. The CP, soc&et or slot is the connector that interfaces #etween the 'other#oard and the processor itself. Aost CP, soc&ets and processors in use toda. are #uilt around the pin rid arra. 8PL*< architecture, in which the pins on the underside of the processor are inserted into the soc&et, usuall. with ?ero insertion force 8MI:<. MI: refers to the a'ount of force needed to install a CP, into the 'other#oard soc&et or slot. Slot9#ased processors are cartride9shaped and fit into a slot that loo&s si'ilar to an e-pansion slot. The CP, e-ecutes a prora', which is a se;uence of stored instructions. Each 'odel of processor has an instruction set, which it e-ecutes. The CP, e-ecutes the prora' #. processin each piece of data as directed #. the prora' and the instruction set. 4hile the CP, is e-ecutin one step of the prora', the re'ainin instructions and the data are stored near#. in a special 'e'or. called cache. There are two 'a$or CP, architectures related to instruction sets! %ed$ced Instr$ction Set Comp$ter /%ISC1 *rchitectures use a relativel. s'all set of instructions, and (ISC chips are desined to e-ecute these instructions ver. rapidl.. Comple, Instr$ction Set Comp$ter /CISC1 *rchitectures use a #road set of instructions, resultin in fewer steps per operation. Ma !00" p# ( of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 22 Slide 22 Central Processin ,nit 8CP,< 1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of CP,s So'e CP,s incorporate "ypert"reading to enhance the perfor'ance of the CP,. 4ith h.perthreadin, the CP, has 'ultiple pieces of code #ein e-ecuted si'ultaneousl. on each pipeline. To an operatin s.ste', a sinle CP, with h.perthreadin appears to #e two CP,s. The power of a CP, is 'easured #. the speed and the a'ount of data that it can process. The speed of a CP, is rated in c.cles per second. The speed of current CP,s is 'easured in 'illions of c.cles per second, called 'eahert? 8AE?<, or #illions of c.cles per second, called iahert? 8LE?<. The a'ount of data that a CP, can process at the one ti'e depends on the si?e of the processor data #us. This is also called the CP, #us or the front side #us 8:S><. The wider the processor data #us width, the 'ore powerful the processor is. Current processors have a +29#it or a 149#it processor data #us. (verclocking is a techni;ue used to 'a&e a processor wor& at a faster speed than its oriinal specification. %vercloc&in is not a relia#le wa. to i'prove co'puter perfor'ance and can result in da'ain the CP,. &&7 is a set of 'ulti'edia instructions #uilt into Intel processors. AAN ena#led 'icroprocessors can handle 'an. co''on 'ulti'edia operations that are nor'all. handled #. a separate sound or video card. Eowever, onl. software especiall. written to call AAN instructions can ta&e advantae of the AAN instruction set. The latest processor technolo. has resulted in CP, 'anufacturers findin wa.s to incorporate 'ore than one CP, core onto a sinle chip. Aan. CP,s are capa#le of processin 'ultiple instructions concurrentl.! Single Core CP- %ne core inside a sinle CP, chip that handles all of the processin capa#ilit.. * 'other#oard 'anufacturer 'a. provide soc&ets for 'ore than one sinle processor, providin the a#ilit. to #uild a powerful, 'ulti9processor co'puter. 8$al Core CP- Two cores inside a sinle CP, chip in which #oth cores can process infor'ation at the sa'e ti'e. Slide 23 Slide 2+ Coolin S.ste's 1.4.+ Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of coolin s.ste's Electronic co'ponents enerate heat. Eeat is caused #. the flow of current within the co'ponents. Co'puter co'ponents perfor' #etter when &ept cool. If the heat is not re'oved, the co'puter 'a. run slower. If too 'uch heat #uilds up, co'puter co'ponents can #e da'aed. Increasin the air flow in the co'puter case allows 'ore heat to #e re'oved. * case fan is installed in the co'puter case to 'a&e the coolin process 'ore efficient. In addition to case fans, a heat sin& draws heat awa. fro' the core of the CP,. * fan on top of the heat sin& 'oves the heat awa. fro' the CP,. %ther co'ponents are also suscepti#le to heat da'ae and are so'eti'es e;uipped with fans. Hideo adapter cards also produce a reat deal of heat. :ans are dedicated to cool the raphics9processin unit 8LP,<. Co'puters with e-tre'el. fast CP,s and LP,s 'a. use a water9coolin s.ste'. * 'etal plate is placed over the processor and water is pu'ped over the top to collect the heat that the CP, creates. The water is pu'ped to a radiator to #e cooled #. the air, and then re9circulated. Ma !00" p# 10 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 24 Slide 24 (ead9onl. Ae'or. 8(%A< 1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A (ead9onl. 'e'or. 8(%A< chips are located on the 'other#oard. (%A chips contain instructions that can #e directl. accessed #. the CP,. >asic instructions for #ootin the co'puter and loadin the operatin s.ste' are stored in (%A. (%A chips retain their contents even when the co'puter is powered down. The contents cannot #e erased or chaned #. nor'al 'eans. N(TE: (%A is so'eti'es called fir'ware. This is 'isleadin #ecause fir'ware is actuall. the software that is stored in a (%A chip. Slide 25 Slide 20 (ando'9access Ae'or. 8(*A< 1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A (ando' access 'e'or. 8(*A< is the te'porar. storae for data and prora's that are #ein accessed #. the CP,. (*A is volatile 'e'or., which 'eans that the contents are erased when the co'puter is powered off. The 'ore (*A in a co'puter, the 'ore capacit. the co'puter has to hold and process lare prora's and files, as well as enhance s.ste' perfor'ance. The different t.pes of (*A are! 8ynamic %andom Access &emory /8%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that is used as 'ain 'e'or.. /(*A 'ust #e constantl. refreshed with pulses of electricit. in order to 'aintain the data stored within a chip. Static %andom Access &emory /S%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that is used as cache 'e'or.. S(*A is 'uch faster than /(*A and does not have to #e refreshed as often. 9ast Page &ode 8%A& /9P& &emory1 is 'e'or. that supports pain. Pain ena#les faster access to the data than reular /(*A. Aost 431 and Pentiu' s.ste's fro' 1DD0 and earlier use :PA 'e'or.. E,tended 8ata ($t %A& /E8( &emory1 is 'e'or. that overlaps consecutive data accesses. This speeds up the access ti'e to retrieve data fro' 'e'or., #ecause the CP, does not have to wait fro one data access c.cle to end #efore another data access c.cle #eins. Sync"rono$s 8%A& /S8%A&1 is /(*A that operates in s.nchroni?ation with the 'e'or. #us. The 'e'or. #us is the data path #etween the CP, and the 'ain 'e'or.. 8o$:le 8ata %ate S8%A& /88% S8%A&1 is 'e'or. that transfers data twice as fast a S/(*A. //( S/(*A increases perfor'ance #. transferrin data twice per c.cle. 8o$:le 8ata %ate ' S8%A& /88%' S8%A&1 is faster than //( S/(*A 'e'or.. //(2 S/(*A i'proves perfor'ance over //( S/(*A #. decreasin noise and crosstal& #etween the sinal wires. %A&;$s 8%A& /%8%A&1 is a 'e'or. chip that was developed to co''unicate at ver. hih rates of speed. (/(*A chips are not co''onl. used. Ma !00" p# 11 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 26 Slide 21 Ae'or. Aodules 1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A Earl. co'puters had (*A installed on the 'other#oard as individual chips. The individual 'e'or. chips, called dual inline pac&ae 8/IP< chips, were difficult to install and often #eca'e loose on the 'other#oard. To solve this pro#le', desiners soldered the 'e'or. chips on a special circuit #oard called a 'e'or. 'odule. The different t.pes of 'e'or. 'odules are! /ual Inline Pac&ae 88IP< is an individual 'e'or. chip. * /IP had dual rows of pins used to attach it to the 'other#oard. Sinle Inline Ae'or. Aodule 8SI&&< is a s'all circuit #oard that holds several 'e'or. chips. SIAAs have +09pin and 229pin confiurations. /ual Inline Ae'or. Aodule 88I&&< is a circuit #oard that holds S/(*A, //( S/(*A, and //(2 S/(*A chips. There are 1139pin S/(*A /IAAs, 1349pin //( /IAAs, and 2409pin //(2 /IAAs. (*A >us Inline Ae'or. Aodule 8%I&&< is a circuit #oard that holds (/(*A chips. * t.pical (IAA has a 1349pin confiuration. N(TE: Ae'or. 'odules can #e sinle9sided or dou#le9sided. Sinle9sided 'e'or. 'odules onl. contain (*A on one side of the 'odule. /ou#le9sided 'e'or. 'odules contain (*A on #oth sides of the 'odule. Slide 27 Slide 22 Cache and Error Chec&in 1.4.4 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of (%A and (*A Cac"e 9 S(*A is used as cache 'e'or. to store the 'ost fre;uentl. used data. S(*A provides the processor with faster access to the data than retrievin it fro' the slower /(*A, or 'ain 'e'or.. The three t.pes of cache 'e'or. are! "1 cache is internal cache and is interated into the CP,. "2 cache is e-ternal cache and was oriinall. 'ounted on the 'other#oard near the CP,. "2 cache is now interated into the CP,. "+ cache is used on so'e hih9end wor&stations and server CP,s. Error C"ecking < Ae'or. errors occur when the data is not stored correctl. in the (*A chips. The co'puter uses different 'ethods to detect and correct data errors in 'e'or.. Three different 'ethods of 'e'or. error chec&in are! Bonparit. 'e'or. does not chec& for errors in 'e'or.. Parit. 'e'or. contains eiht #its for data and one #it for error chec&in. The error9chec&in #it is called the parit. #it. Error Correction Code 8ECC< 'e'or. can detect 'ultiple #it errors in 'e'or. and correct sinle #it errors in 'e'or.. Ma !00" p# 1! of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 28 Slide 23 *dapter Cards 1.4.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of adapter cards *dapter cards increase the functionalit. of a co'puter #. addin controllers for specific devices or #. replacin 'alfunctionin ports. *dapter cards are used to e-pand and custo'i?e the capa#ilit. of the co'puter! BIC 9 Connects co'puter to a networ& usin a networ& ca#le 4ireless BIC 9 Connects co'puter to a networ& usin radio fre;uencies Sound adapter 9 Provides audio capa#ilit. Hideo adapter 9 Provides raphic capa#ilit. Aode' adapter 9 Connects a co'puter to the Internet usin a phone line SCSI adapter 9 Connects SCSI devices, such as hard drives or tape drives, to a co'puter (*I/ adapter 9 Connects 'ultiple hard drives to a co'puter to provide redundanc. and i'prove perfor'ance ,S> port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices Parallel port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices Serial port 9 Connects a co'puter to peripheral devices Co'puters have e-pansion slots on the 'other#oard to install adapter cards. The t.pe of adapter card connector 'ust 'atch the e-pansion slot. * riser card was used in co'puter s.ste's with the "PN for' factor to allow adapter cards to #e installed hori?ontall.. The riser card was 'ainl. used in sli'9line des&top co'puters. The different t.pes of e-pansion slots are! Industr. Standard *rchitecture 8IS*< is an 39#it or 119#it e-pansion slot. This is older technolo. and is seldo' used. E-tended Industr. Standard *rchitecture 8EIS*< is a +29#it e-pansion slot. This is older technolo. and is seldo' used. Aicrochannel *rchitecture 8AC*< is an I>A9proprietar. +29#it e-pansion slot. This is older technolo. and is seldo' used. Peripheral Co'ponent Interconnect 8PCI< is a +29#it or 149#it e-pansion slot. PCI is the standard slot currentl. used in 'ost co'puters. *dvanced Lraphics Port 8*LP< is a +29#it e-pansion slot. *LP is desined for video adapters. PCI9E-press is a serial #us e-pansion slot. PCI9E-press is #ac&ward co'pati#le with PCI parallel slot. PCI9E-press has -1, -4, -3, and -11 slots. Ma !00" p# 1$ of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 29 Slide 2D Eard /rives and :lopp. /rives 1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives * storae drive reads or writes infor'ation to 'anetic or optical storae 'edia. The drive can #e used to store data per'anentl. or to retrieve infor'ation fro' a 'edia dis&. Storae drives can #e installed inside the co'puter case, such as a hard drive. :or porta#ilit., so'e storae drives can connect to the co'puter usin a ,S> port, a :ire4ire port, or an SCSI port. These porta#le storae drives are so'eti'es referred to as re'ova#le drives and can #e used on 'ultiple co'puters. Eere are so'e co''on t.pes of storae drives! :lopp. drive Eard drive %ptical drive :lash drive Betwor& drive * floppy drive, or flopp. dis& drive, is a storae device that uses re'ova#le +.09inch flopp. dis&s. These 'anetic flopp. dis&s can store 220 G> or 1.44 A> of data. In a co'puter, the flopp. drive is usuall. confiured as the *! drive. The flopp. drive can #e used to #oot the co'puter if it contains a #oota#le flopp. dis&. * 0.209inch flopp. drive is older technolo. and is seldo' used. * "ard drive, or hard dis& drive, is a 'anetic storae device that is installed inside the co'puter. The hard drive is used as per'anent storae for data. In a co'puter, the hard drive is usuall. confiured as the C! drive and contains the operatin s.ste' and applications. The hard drive is usuall. confiured as the first drive in the #oot se;uence. The storae capacit. of a hard drive is 'easured in #illions of #.tes, or ia#.tes 8L><. The speed of a hard drive is 'easured in revolutions per 'inute 8(PA<. Aultiple hard drives can #e added to increase storae capacit.. Ma !00" p# 14 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 30 Slide +0 %ptical /rives and :lash /rives 1.4.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of storae drives *n optical drive is a storae device that uses lasers to read data on the optical 'edia. There are two t.pes of optical drives! Co'pact disc 8C/< /iital versatile disc 8/H/< C/ and /H/ 'edia can #e pre9recorded 8read9onl.<, recorda#le 8write once<, or re9recorda#le 8read and write 'ultiple ti'es<. C/s have a data storae capacit. of appro-i'atel. 200 A>. /H/s have a data storae capacit. of appro-i'atel. 3.0 L> on one side of the disc. There are several t.pes of optical 'edia! C/9(%A C/ read9onl. 'e'or. 'edia that is pre9recorded. C/9( C/9recorda#le 'edia that can #e recorded once. C/9(4 C/9rewrita#le 'edia that can #e recorded, erased, and re9 recorded. /H/9(%A /H/ read9onl. 'e'or. 'edia that is pre9recorded. /H/9(*A /H/9rando' access 'e'or. 'edia that can #e recorded, erased, and re9recorded. /H/@)9( /H/9recorda#le 'edia that can #e recorded once. /H/@)9(4 /H/9rewrita#le 'edia that can #e recorded, erased, and re9 recorded. * flas" drive, also &nown as a thu'# drive, is a re'ova#le storae device that connects to a ,S> port. * flash drive uses a special t.pe of 'e'or. that re;uires no power to 'aintain the data. These drives can #e accessed #. the operatin s.ste' in the sa'e wa. other t.pes of drives are accessed. Eard drives and optical drives are 'anufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the co'puter. To install a storae drive in a co'puter, the connection interface on the drive 'ust #e the sa'e as the controller on the 'other#oard. Eere are so'e co''on drive interfaces! I8E Interated /rive Electronics, also called *dvanced Technolo. *ttach'ent 8*T*< is an earl. drive controller interface that connects co'puters and hard dis& drives. *n I/E interface uses a 409pin connector. EI8E Enhanced Interated /rive Electronics, also called *T*92, is an updated version of the I/E drive controller interface. EI/E supports hard drives larer than 012 A>, ena#les /irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*< for speed, and uses the *T *ttach'ent Pac&et Interface 8*T*PI< to acco''odate optical drives and tape drives on the EI/E #us. *n EI/E interface uses a 409pin connector. PATA Parallel *T* refers to the parallel version of the *T* drive controller interface. SATA Serial *T* refers to the serial version of the *T* drive controller interface. * S*T* interface uses a 29pin connector. SCSI S'all Co'puter S.ste' Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 10 drives. SCSI can connect #oth internal and e-ternal drives. *n SCSI interface uses a 009pin, 139pin, or 309pin connector. Ma !00" p# 1% of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 31 Slide +1 Internal Ca#les 1.4.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of internal ca#les /rives re;uire #oth a power ca#le and a data ca#le. * power suppl. will have a S*T* power connector for S*T* drives, a Aole- power connector for P*T* drives, and a >er 49pin connector for flopp. drives. The #uttons and the "E/ lihts on the front of the case connect to the 'other#oard with the front panel ca#les. /ata ca#les connect drives to the drive controller, which is located on an adapter card or on the 'other#oard. Eere are so'e co''on t.pes of data ca#les! :lopp. dis& drive 8://< data ca#le /ata ca#le has up to two +49pin drive connectors and one +49pin connector for the drive controller. P*T* 8I/E< data ca#le Parallel *T* data ca#le has 40 conductors, up to two 409pin connectors for drives, and one 409pin connector for the drive controller. P*T* 8EI/E< data ca#le Parallel *T* data ca#le has 30 conductors, up to two 409pin connectors for drives, and one 409pin connector for the drive controller. S*T* data ca#le Serial *T* data ca#le has seven conductors, one &e.ed connector for the drive, and one &e.ed connector the drive controller. SCSI data ca#le There are three t.pes of SCSI data ca#les. * narrow SCSI data ca#le has 009conductors, up to seven 009pin connectors for drives, and one 009pin connector for the drive controller, also called the host adapter. * wide SCSI data ca#le has 139conductors, up to fifteen 139 pin connectors for drives, and one 139pin connector for the host adapter. *n *lt94 SCSI data ca#le has 309conductors, up to O10O 309pin connectors for drives, and one 309pin connector for the host adapter. N(TE: * colored stripe on a ca#le identifies Pin 1 on the ca#le. 4hen installin a data ca#le, alwa.s ensure that Pin 1 on the ca#le alins with Pin 1 on the drive or drive controller. So'e ca#les 'a. #e &e.ed and therefore the. can onl. #e connected one wa. to the drive and drive controller. St$dent Activity: The student course content includes wor&sheet, 1.4.2 (esearch Co'puter Co'ponents. To co'plete this wor&sheet, students will research the co'ponents needed to co'plete a custo'er=s co'puter. The. should #e prepared to discuss their selections. Slide 32 Slide +2 Serial Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les Input)output 8I)%< ports on a co'puter connect peripheral devices, such as printers, scanners, and porta#le drives. The followin ports and ca#les are co''onl. used! Serial ,S> :ire4ire Parallel SCSI Betwor& PS)2 *udio Hideo Serial Ports and Ca:les 9 * serial port can #e either a />9D or a />920 'ale connector. Serial ports trans'it one #it of data at a ti'e. To connect a serial device, such as a 'ode' or printer, a serial ca#le 'ust #e used. * serial ca#le has a 'a-i'u' lenth of 00 feet 810.2 '<. Ma !00" p# 1& of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 33 Slide ++ ,S> Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les -S; Ports and Ca:les ) The ,niversal Serial >us 8,S>< is a standard interface that connects peripheral devices to a co'puter. It was oriinall. desined to replace serial and parallel connections. ,S> devices are hot9 swappa#le, which 'eans that users can connect and disconnect the devices while the co'puter is powered on. ,S> connections can #e found on co'puters, ca'eras, printers, scanners, storae devices, and 'an. other electronic devices. * ,S> hu# is used to connect 'ultiple ,S> devices. * sinle ,S> port in a co'puter can support up to 122 separate devices with the use of 'ultiple ,S> hu#s. So'e devices can also #e powered throuh the ,S> port, eli'inatin the need for an e-ternal power source. ,S> 1.1 allowed trans'ission rates of up to 12 A#ps in full9speed 'ode and 1.0 A#ps in low speed 'ode. ,S> 2.0 allows trans'ission speeds up to 430 A#ps. ,S> devices can onl. transfer data up to the 'a-i'u' speed allowed #. the specific port. Slide 34 Slide +4 :ire4ire Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les 9ire3ire Ports and Ca:les 9 :ire4ire is a hih9speed, hot9swappa#le interface that connects peripheral devices to a co'puter. * sinle :ire4ire port in a co'puter can support up to 1+ devices. So'e devices can also #e powered throuh the :ire4ire port, eli'inatin the need for an e-ternal power source. :ire4ire uses the IEEE 1+D4 standard and is also &nown as i."in&. The IEEE 1+D4a standard supports data rates up to 400 A#ps and ca#le lenths up to 10 feet 84.0 '<. This standard uses a 19pin connector or a 49pin connector. The IEEE 1+D4# standard supports data rates in e-cess of 300 A#ps and uses a D9pin connector. Slide 35 Slide +0 Parallel Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les Parallel Ports and Ca:les ) * parallel port on a co'puter is a standard T.pe * />920 fe'ale connector. The parallel connector on a printer is a standard T.pe > +19pin Centronics connector. So'e newer printers 'a. use a T.pe C hih9densit. +19pin connector. Parallel ports can trans'it 3 #its of data at one ti'e and use the IEEE 1234 standard. To connect a parallel device, such as a printer, a parallel ca#le 'ust #e used. * parallel ca#le has a 'a-i'u' lenth of 10 feet 84.0 '<. Slide 36 Slide +1 SCSI Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les SCSI Ports and Ca:les * SCSI port can trans'it data at rates in e-cess of +20 A#ps and can support up to 10 devices. If a sinle SCSI device is connected to an SCSI port, the ca#le can #e up to 30 feet 824.4 '< in lenth. If 'ultiple SCSI devices are connected to an SCSI port, the ca#le can #e up to 40 812.2 '< feet in lenth. *n SCSI port on a co'puter can #e one of three different t.pes! />920 fe'ale connector Eih9densit. 009pin fe'ale connector Eih9densit. 139pin fe'ale connector N(TE: SCSI devices 'ust #e ter'inated at the endpoints of the SCSI chain. Chec& the device 'anual for ter'ination procedures. CA-TI(N: So'e SCSI connectors rese'#le parallel connectors. >e careful not to connect the ca#le to the wron port. The voltae used in the SCSI for'at 'a. da'ae the parallel interface. SCSI connectors should #e clearl. la#eled. Ma !00" p# 1" of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 37 Slide +2 Betwor& Ports and Ca#les 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les Network Ports and Ca:les ) * networ& port, also &nown as an (7940 port, connects a co'puter to a networ&. The connection speed depends on the t.pe of networ& port. Standard Ethernet can trans'it up to 10 A#ps, :ast Ethernet can trans'it up to 100 A#ps, and Lia#it Ethernet can trans'it up to 1000 A#ps. The 'a-i'u' lenth of networ& ca#le is +23 feet 8100 '<. Slide 38 Slide +3 PS)2 Ports and *udio Ports 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les PS5' Ports 9 * PS)2 port connects a &e.#oard or a 'ouse to a co'puter. The PS)2 port is a 19pin 'ini9/IB fe'ale connector. The connectors for the &e.#oard and 'ouse are often colored differentl.. If the ports are not color9 coded, loo& for a s'all fiure of a 'ouse or &e.#oard ne-t to each port. A$dio Ports 9 *n audio port connects audio devices to the co'puter. The followin audio ports are co''onl. used! "ine In Connects to an e-ternal source, such as a stereo s.ste' Aicrophone Connects to a 'icrophone "ine %ut Connects to spea&ers or headphones La'eport)AI/I Connects to a $o.stic& or AI/I9interfaced device Slide 39 Slide +D Hideo Ports 1.0 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of ports and ca#les 0ideo Ports and Connectors 9 * video port connects a 'onitor ca#le to a co'puter. There are several video port and connector t.pes! 0ideo =rap"ics Array /0=A1 HL* has a +9row 109pin fe'ale connector and provides analo output to a 'onitor. 8igital 0is$al Interface /80I1 /HI has a 249pin fe'ale connector or a 2D9pin fe'ale connector and provides a co'pressed diital output to a 'onitor. /HI9I provides #oth analo and diital sinals. /HI9/ provides diital sinals onl.. Hig"<8efinition &$ltimedia Interface /H8&i1 E/Ai has a 1D9pin connector and provides diital video and diital audio sinals. S<0ideo S9Hideo has a 49pin connector and provides analo video sinals. Component5%=; (L> has three shielded ca#les 8red, reen, #lue< with (C* $ac&s and provides analo video sinals. Ma !00" p# 1' of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 40 Slide 40 Input /evices 1.1 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of input devices Eere are so'e e-a'ples of input devices used to enter data or instructions into a co'puter! The mo$se and key:oard are the two 'ost co''onl. used input devices. The 'ouse is used to naviate the raphical user interface 8L,I<. The &e.#oard is used to enter te-t co''ands that control the co'puter. 8igital cameras and digital video cameras create i'aes that can #e stored on 'anetic 'edia. The i'ae is stored as a file that can #e displa.ed, printed, or altered. ;iometric identification 'a&es use of features that are uni;ue to an individual user, such as finerprints, voice reconition, or a retinal scan. 4hen co'#ined with ordinar. userna'es, #io'etrics uarantees that the authori?ed person is accessin the data. * to$c" screen has a pressure9sensitive transparent panel. The co'puter receives instructions specific to the place on the screen that the user touches. * scanner diiti?es an i'ae or docu'ent. The diiti?ation of the i'ae is stored as a file that can #e displa.ed, printed, or altered. * #ar code reader is a t.pe of scanner that reads universal product code 8,PC< #ar codes. It is widel. used for pricin and inventor. infor'ation. Ma !00" p# 1( of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 41 Slide 41 Aonitors and Pro$ectors 1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices *n output device is used to present infor'ation to the user fro' a co'puter. So'e e-a'ples of output devices, include 'onitors, pro$ectors, printers, scanners, fa- 'achines, spea&ers, and headphones. &onitors and Pro>ectors 9 Aonitors and pro$ectors are pri'ar. output devices for a co'puter. The 'ost i'portant difference #etween these 'onitor t.pes is the technolo. used to create an i'ae! Cat"ode<ray t$:e /C%T1 'onitor is the 'ost co''on 'onitor t.pe. (ed, reen, and #lue electron #ea's 'ove #ac& and forth across the phosphorous9coated screen. The phosphor lows when struc& #. the electron #ea'. *reas not struc& #. the electron #ea' do not low. The co'#ination of lowin and non9lowin areas is what creates the i'ae on the screen. Aost televisions also use this technolo.. +i?$id crystal display /+C81 is co''onl. used in laptops and so'e pro$ectors. It consists of two polari?in filters with a li;uid cr.stal solution #etween the'. *n electronic current alins the cr.stals so that liht can either pass throuh or not pass throuh. The effect of liht passin throuh in certain areas and not in others is what creates the i'ae. "C/ co'es in two for's, active 'atri- and passive 'atri-. *ctive 'atri- is so'eti'es called thin fil' transistor 8T:T<. T:T allows each pi-el to #e controlled, which creates ver. sharp color i'aes. Passive 'atri- is less e-pensive than active 'atri- #ut does not provide the sa'e level of i'ae control. 8igital lig"t processing /8+P1 is another technolo. used in pro$ectors. /"P pro$ectors use a spinnin color wheel with a 'icroprocessor9controlled arra. of 'irrors called a diital 'icro'irror device 8/A/<. Each 'irror corresponds to a specific pi-el. Each 'irror reflects liht toward or awa. fro' the pro$ector optics. This creates a 'onochro'atic i'ae of up to 1024 shades of ra. in #etween white and #lac&. The color wheel then adds the color data to co'plete the pro$ected, color i'ae. Aonitor resolution refers to the level of i'ae detail that can #e reproduced. Eiher resolution settins produce #etter i'ae ;ualit.. There are several factors involved in 'onitor resolution! Pi,els The ter' pi-el is an a##reviation for picture ele'ent. Pi-els are the tin. dots that co'prise a screen. Each pi-el consists of red, reen, and #lue. 8ot Pitc" /ot pitch is the distance #etween pi-els on the screen. * lower dot pitch nu'#er produces a #etter i'ae. %efres" %ate The refresh rate is how often per second the i'ae is re#uilt. * hiher refresh rate produces a #etter i'ae and reduces the level of flic&er. Interlace5Non<Interlace Interlaced 'onitors create the i'ae #. scannin the screen two ti'es. The first scan covers the odd lines, top to #otto', and the second scan covers the even lines. Bon9interlaced 'onitors create the i'ae #. scannin the screen, one line at a ti'e fro' top to #otto'. Aost C(T 'onitors toda. are non9interlaced. Hori@ontal 0ertical Colors /H0C1 The nu'#er of pi-els in a line is the hori?ontal resolution. The nu'#er of lines in a screen is the vertical resolution. The nu'#er of colors that can #e reproduced is the color resolution. Aspect %atio *spect ratio is the hori?ontal to vertical 'easure'ent of the viewin area of a 'onitor. :or e-a'ple, a 4!+ aspect ratio would appl. to a viewin area that is 11 inches wide #. 12 inches hih. * 4!+ aspect radio would also appl. to a viewin area that is 24 inches wide #. 13 inches hih. * viewin area that is 22 inches wide #. 12 inches hih has an aspect ratio of 11!1. Aonitors have controls for ad$ustin the ;ualit. of the i'ae. Eere are so'e co''on 'onitor settins! >rihtness Intensit. of the i'ae Contrast (atio of liht to dar& Position Hertical and hori?ontal location of i'ae on the screen (eset (eturns the 'onitor settins to factor. settins Ma !00" p# !0 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 42 Slide 42 %ther %utput /evices 1.2 Identif. the na'es, purposes, and characteristics of output devices PrintersA ScannersA and 9a, &ac"ines 9 Printers are output devices that create hard copies of co'puter files. So'e printers speciali?e in particular applications, such as printin color photoraphs. %ther all9in9one t.pe printers are desined to provide 'ultiple services such as printin, fa-, and copier functions. Speakers and Headp"ones 9 Spea&ers and headphones are output devices for audio sinals. Aost co'puters have audio support either interated into the 'other#oard or on an adapter card. *udio support includes ports that allow input and output of audio sinals. The audio card has an a'plifier to power headphones and e-ternal spea&ers. Slide 43 Slide 4+ S.ste' (esources 1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes S.ste' resources are used for co''unication purposes #etween the CP, and other co'ponents in a co'puter. There are three co''on s.ste' resources! Interrupt (e;uests 8I(P< Input)%utput 8I)%< Port *ddresses /irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*< Slide 44 Slide 44 Interrupt (e;uests 8I(Ps< 1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes Interr$pt %e?$ests 9 I(Ps are used #. co'puter co'ponents to re;uest infor'ation fro' the CP,. The I(P travels alon a wire on the 'other#oard to the CP,. 4hen the CP, receives an interrupt re;uest, the CP, deter'ines how to fulfill this re;uest. The priorit. of the re;uest is deter'ined #. the I(P nu'#er assined to that co'puter co'ponent. %lder co'puters onl. had eiht I(Ps to assin to devices. Bewer co'puters have 11 I(Ps, which are nu'#ered 0 to 10. *s a eneral rule, each co'ponent in the co'puter 'ust #e assined a uni;ue I(P. I(P conflicts can cause co'ponents to stop functionin and even cause the co'puter to crash. 4ith the nu'erous co'ponents that can #e installed in a co'puter, it is difficult to assin a uni;ue I(P to ever. co'ponent. Toda., 'ost I(P nu'#ers are assined auto'aticall. with plu and pla. 8PnP< operatin s.ste's and the i'ple'entation of PCI slots, ,S> ports, and :ire4ire ports. Slide 45 Slide 40 Input)%utput 8I)%< Port *ddresses 1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes Inp$t5($tp$t /I5(1 Port Addresses 9 Input)output 8I)%< port addresses are used to co''unicate #etween devices and software. The I)% port address is used to send and receive data for a co'ponent. *s with I(Ps, each co'ponent will have a uni;ue I)% port assined. There are 10,0+0 I)% ports in a co'puter, and the. are referenced #. a he-adeci'al address in the rane of 0000h to ::::h. Ma !00" p# !1 of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 46 Slide 41 /irect Ae'or. *ccess 8/A*< 1.3 E-plain s.ste' resources and their purposes 8irect &emory Access 9 /A* channels are used #. hih9speed devices to co''unicate directl. with 'ain 'e'or.. These channels allow the device to #.pass interaction with the CP, and directl. store and retrieve infor'ation fro' 'e'or.. %nl. certain devices can #e assined a /A* channel, such as SCSI host adapters and sound cards. %lder co'puters onl. had four /A* channels to assin to co'ponents. Bewer co'puters have eiht /A* channels that are nu'#ered 0 to 2. Slide 47 Slide 42 Chapter 1 Su''ar. This chapter introduced the IT industr., options for trainin and e'plo.'ent, and so'e of the industr.9standard certifications. This chapter also covered the co'ponents that co'prise a personal co'puter s.ste'. Auch of the content in this chapter will help .ou throuhout this course! Infor'ation Technolo. enco'passes the use of co'puters, networ& hardware, and software to process, store, trans'it, and retrieve infor'ation. * personal co'puter s.ste' consists of hardware co'ponents and software applications. The co'puter case and power suppl. 'ust #e chosen carefull. to support the hardware inside the case and allow for the addition of co'ponents. The internal co'ponents of a co'puter are selected for specific features and functions. *ll internal co'ponents 'ust #e co'pati#le with the 'other#oard. Fou should use the correct t.pe of ports and ca#les when connectin devices. T.pical input devices include the &e.#oard, 'ouse, touch screen, and diital ca'eras. T.pical output devices include 'onitors, printers, and spea&ers. S.ste' resources 'ust #e assined to co'puter co'ponents. S.ste' resources include I(Ps, I)% port addresses, and /A*s. Slide 48 Slide 43 Instructor Trainin *ctivities Slide 49 Slide 4D *ctivities for Instructor Trainin These activities are suested for use in instructor trainin. 1. Ta&e the Pui? provided in Chapter 1 course content. 2. Co'plete the 2 wor&sheets included in Chapter 1. 4hile co'pletin these, 'a&e notes of potential issues and ;uestions that students 'a. have. +. Conduct Internet research to pre9screen online resources for students to use in co'pletin the student wor&sheets! 1.1.2 7o#s %pportunities 1.4.2 (esearch Co'puter Co'ponents Ma !00" p# !! of !$ ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 Instructor Professional Development Speaker Notes Slide 50 Slide 00 Instructor Trainin /iscussion /iscuss ;uestions. Participate in discussion or $ournal .our answers to discussion ;uestions. Share and discuss with the other instructors, .our list of an. potential student issues and ;uestions reardin the wor&sheets. Share with the other instructors, .our list of online resources for students to use in co'pletin the research. Slide 51 Slide 01 *dditional (esources Career resources, news, $o#s and resu'es in Infor'ation Technolo. and Enineerin http!))www.techcareers.co') Co'pTI* *@C Certification http!))certification.co'ptia.or)a)default.asp- European Certification of Infor'atics Professionals http!))www.eucip.co')inde-.$sp %h'Is "aw http!))www.rc.nasa.ov)444)G9 12)Sa'pleKPro$ects)%h'sK"aw)oh'slaw.ht'l EowStuff4or&s! ItIs Lood to Gnow http!))co'puter.howstuffwor&s.co' M/Bet! Tech Bews, >los and 4hite Papers for IT Professionals http!))www.?dnet.co' 4hatisJco'! IT Enc.clopedia and "earnin Center http!))whatis.co' TechTaret! The Aost Tareted IT Aedia http!))techtaret.co' CBET.co' http!))www.cnet.co' PC 4orld http!))www.pcworld.co' Co'puter4orld http!))www.co'puterworld.co' 4I(E/ BE4S http!))www.wired.co' e4EEG.co' http!))www.ewee&.co' Slide 52 Slide 02 P and * Slide 53 Ma !00" p# !$ of !$