Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
LOGIC
ANOATOMY OF PROJECT:P- PLANNING OF WORK
R- REASERCH OF DESIGN
O- ORGANISATION
J- JOINT EFFORTS
E- ENGINERING FUNCTION
C- COURAE TO TAKE RISK
T- TECHNOLOGY
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
INTRODUCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
CONTROL SYSTEM
MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY
POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
TYPES OF MOTORS, SPECIFICAION AND APPLICATIONS
SYSTEM HARDWARE
SPECIFICATION
TROUBLE SHOOTING AND TEST POINTS
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
3-D VIEW OF ENCLOSURE
FLIM OF PCB WITH COMPONENT PLACEMENT
BILL OF MATERIAL
BIBILOGRAPHY
DATASHEETS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In communication mobile technology and information
technology are the examples. In industrial electronics a single motor is
driving the total plant. In biomedical electronics X-ray machine, scanning
machine, ECG, EMG & Hemodylysis machines are the main gifts. Also,
PLCs & embedded systems have a Lions share in industrial automation.
We are developing a system Automatic Car Parking
System which will be controlled by a single chip micro controller. The
system is developed using the puzzle logic.
In big cities and multistory building, there is no enough
space for parking the cars in multi floor fashion.
Lets consider the case study of Taj Hotel in Mumbai
where number of floors and numbers of rooms and flats are available in
same building. It is highly impossible to park the cars on the ground floor
only.
We are utilizing a lift system for each column. The cars
can be moved in vertical and horizontal fashion. The incoming and outgoing
cars are first coming in entrance, and then the user will press his allotted
button and leave his car. The car will be automatically located at its pallet
place. Similarly, when user has to go outside, he will come in the entrance
and will call his pallet number. His car will be available in the entrance. On
each floor, one pallet has to be kept free so that the puzzling can be made
possible. The cars are parked automatically with belt and pulley systems.
Thus, plenty of cars can be parked in this fashion. The
limit switches will be fitted in mechanical assembly. These switches will
sense whether the car is on the pallet is present or not. The logic high and
low signals will be given to micro controller as the input. The keyboard
connections will go directly to the CPT AT89C51 as the input. The micro
controller is provided with Tran receivers and pulls up resistor in order to
avoid the tri-state logic situations.
The relay board is drive by the micro controller with its
output port. These relays are made ON and OFF as per the commands
received by the user from the keyboard and the limit switches.
WHAT IS AUTOMATED CAR PARKING? :Automated car parking is a method of automatically
parking and retrieving cars that typically uses a system of pallets, lifts and
carries.
By parking cars in the way, the floor area and volume of
garage can be used much more efficiently. The intention is to compact more
cars in the same space, reduce the space needed to park the same no of cars,
or allow car parking car parking where previously there would have been no
room. Automated car parks can be sited above or bellow ground or a
combination of both, and designed to accommodate any no of cars.
Automated parking will make a huge difference in urban
planning and in designing developments of the future.
HOW IS THE CAR PARKED? :The process of parking is simple for the driver. The car
is parked in a module at the entrance to the car park.
It is then
system of pallets, lifts, carriers, and in the case of the sky packs robotic
parking system, robots.
The car is returned to the driver in the same way, using a
signaling device in private parking, or a ticket and payment system in a
public car park. Retrieval time for a vehicle is rapid-an average of 2.5 min
depending on the type of automated car park and its size.
Scan Photo
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING
PUZZLING LOGIC:-
TRANS
RECEIVER
P1
P2
c
AT89C51
PULL UP
REGUSTER
P3
PULL UP
REGISTER
TRANS
RECEIVER
4
P4
P5
KEYBOARD
RELAY
BOARD
RELAY
DRIVER
PALLET SYSTEM
Lift Moving
Motors
REGULATED
POWER
SUPPLY
Pallet No
Indicator
CHAPTER 2
the micro controller, drivers and buffers and the relays for working. The
power supply requirements are mainly 5v and 12v micro controller and
relays and motor with 5v.
2.
MICRO-CONTROLLER & PERIPHERALS:The micro controller block is the heart of the system; it
controls working of the whole system and for the controlling the motion of
the pallets in the mechanical assembly.
The output form the micro controller block drivers the
relays on the relay board that ultimately drives the motors of the mechanical
assembly to move the pallets up and down.
3.
parking the car as well as while retrieving it back. The keyboard given input
to the micro controller block and according to the key pressed the micro
controller takes action.
4.
DRIVERS & BUFFERS:These are used to drive the relays on the relay board.
They are used basically to avoid false triggering and to get the reliable
output for driving the motors from relays.
5.
used to drive the motors ON/OFF, used in the mechanical assembly. The
relays present on the relay board get their input from the micro controller
and accordingly get switches ON and OFF i.e. energized or de-energized.
6.
of the car parking system fitted with pallets and motors driving them. The
assembly consists of gear and pulley arrangements for lifting the pallets on
which the cars can be parked. It also contains switches whose output is
given to the micro controller to confirm the status of the pallet on the
assembly.
7.
converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based on the
principle that when a current carrying is placed in a magnetic field.
It experiences a mechanical force whose direction is
given by Flemings left-hand rule and whose magnetic field is given by
F=Bil.newton.
CHAPTER 3
CONTROL SYSTEM
POWER SUPPLY:-
Transformer
Rectifier
Filter
Regulator
Regulator o/p
230v
50Hz
Fig- Block Diagram of Power Supply
In this fig. transformer is used because they readily
available. The +/- 5 volt supply voltage are obtained form the 12.6 volt
center tapped (CT). The output of the secondary is then applied to the
bridge rectifiers, which converts the sinusoidal input into full wave rectified
output. The filter capacitor at the output of the bridge rectifier is charged to
the peak value of rectified output voltage whenever the diodes are forward
biased.
Since the diodes are not forward biased during entire
positive and negative half cycle of the input wave form, the voltage across
the filter capacitor is a pulsating DC that is a combination of DC and a triple
voltage.
The diodes conduct only during the time when the anodes are
positive with respect to cathodes. In the other words, when the diodes are
forward biased, current pulses charge the capacitors.
Datasheets gives the maximum average rectified current
Io max that the diode can safely handled. In addition, when the power
supply is first turned on, the initial charging of the capacitor causes a large
transient current called the surge current to pass through the diodes. The
surge current Ifs flow only briefly and are therefore much lager than the
maximum average current Io max.
Finally the size of the filter capacitor depends on the
secondary current rating of the transformer. For the proper operation, the
regulators must be heat sinked in order to keep their temperature down. If a
regulator is metal package (TO-3 type), the approximate heat sinked is
mounted on the case of the package.
However, if the regulator is an epoxy package, silicon
grease may be used on the back of the package, and then the package can be
bolted to the chassis of the power supply cabinet with insulating hardware.
OPERATIONS:The mechanical assembly is consisting of 3 pallets up
and 2 pallets down leaving one place empty for puzzling. The cars are
parked automatically with belts pulleys systems. The plenty cars can be
parked in this fashion.
When a particular pallet key number is pressed by the car
holder, the signal goes to micro controller via transceiver. Before taking the
decision, it checks wheater route for the car which is accepted to come down
is free or not. And if not obstructing pallets are too cleared first. It searches
for the output to go high and thus energizing the particular relay. The relay
drives the motor in forward and reverse direction and also in up and down
motion.
Example: Upper layer consist of three pallets and lower
layer with two pallets, leaving one place empty I/f user has parked his car in
pallet one then he will press key P1 from key board which will be given to
micro controller through input port.
according to initial condition. The limit switch is closed it will give logic
zero (0) else logic one (1).
The initial motor M5 will start to move pallet five to right
side R2 and will make R3 = 0 to closed limit switch and when the switch is
closed motor M4 will start to bring pallet P4 to R1 position which will
finally to given to pallet one and bring to down. The user will get the car out
when he will see the LED indications. Thus, RL1 is energized finally to
move motor M1 in forward directions.
CHAPTER 4
MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY
the position using the software and the pallet on which component is to be
placed come on the ground floor accordingly.
We have used 3 DC shunt motors (12V) for the vertical
motion of the pallet and2 for the horizontal motion of the pallets through the
gear and regarding the pallets arrangements on the ground floor gets their
horizontal motion through the rack and pinion arrangement.
The pallets have been supported with the help of in
extensive string which is capable of lifting up to 0.1kg of load. Each pallet
has been supported with help of way guided around iron boards by placing
them through the pallets at the 4 corner this help in avoiding the damaging
movement of pallet while moving vertically.
The main frame of the mechanical assembly is made up
square iron pipes. There is total of 3 columns that adjust the 3 pallets at the
1st floor level and two on the ground floor.
To control motion of the pallets and for their accurate
positing, we have used limit switch at the pallets platforms. They also
provide the feedback to the micro controller unit by signaling it by presence
or absence of cars in the pallets and accordingly software works and the
relay get the approximate signals form the micro controller.
Scan Photo
CHAPTER 5
2.
The
2.
store the charge during the conduction period, and delivers this energy to the
load during the non conduction period.
In this way the time during which the current flows
through the load increases and thus reducing the ripple. During the positive
half cycle the, capacitor charges to the voltage = Vp = the peak voltage of
the transformer secondary voltage, however during the negative half cycle,
when the diode does not conduct the capacitor will maintain its voltage,
since no path is available for its discharge. Thus, the capacitor acts as a
perfect filter.
Application
For driving constant speed line shafting
starring torque
Pumps.
For traction work i.e. Electric
Cumulative
Torque.
Variables speed, adjustable
compounds
Series Motor
Torque.
SYSTEM HARDWARE
SYSTEM HARDWARE:Our project is basically divided into the following main points:
Electrical Section
Mechanical section
Power Supply
Relay board
2.
5v & 12v dc for micro controller & relay and 5V for motor.
pull-up resistors in order to avoid the tri-state logic situations. The input to
the CPU AT89C51 is from limit switches that will be fitted in mechanical
assembly & from the keyboard.
output port. These relays are made ON and OFF as per the commands
received by the user form the keyboard & the limit switches.
Pallet System
Limit switches
Pallet system
moved in vertical and horizontal direction with the help of pallet. The pallet
will move up and down with the help of motors.
LIFT MOVING MOTORS:The micro controller takes input from keyboard and the
output from the micro controller block drives the relays on the relay board
that ultimately drives the motors of mechanical assembly to move pallets up
and down.
energy into mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when
a current carrying is placed in a magnetic field. It experiences a mechanical
force whose direction is given by Flemings left hand rule and whose
magnetic filed is given by F=Bil.newton.
CHAPTER 8
SPECIFICATIONS
General Specification:1.
2.
B.
Component Details:1.
2.
C.
Motor
a.
b.
RMP - 250
1.
No. of motors: 5
2.
3.
4.
D.
1.
2.
Power Supply
a.
CPU board: 5V DC
b.
c.
Motor: -/+ 5V
Relays:
a.
b.
Resistance : 258
CHAPTER 9
TROUBLE SHOOTING:Check list for electronic fault finding or where and how
to look for what that doesnt
Before soldering in components:
Check that the components agree with the part list (Value & power of
power resistors, value advantages rating of capacitors, etc)
Check the continuity of the traces on the printed circuit board with a
resistance meter or continuity tester.
Check that the connectors used are compatible and that they are
mounted the right way round.
Inspect all solder joints by eye or using a magnifying glass and check
them with the continuity tester. Make sure short circuited be poor
soldering.
Ensure that the positions of all the components agree with the
mounting diagram.
Reread the article carefully and clarify anything about which are
doubtful.
Check the supply voltage or voltages carefully and make sure that
they reach the appropriate components especially the pins of the ICs.
2)
3)
4)
ADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS
ADVANTAGES:Increasing pressure on building development within our
cities through lack of space, coupled with stringent environmental impact
considerations raises an important question for commercial and government
developers alike: where to put the cars?
In many cities, limited space means that construction of a
conventional multi-store underground car park, or dedication of a
sufficiently large amount of space above ground for parking is simply out of
the question.
MINIMAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE TO EXISTING BUILDINGS:A significant benefit resulting from the installation of
automated car parking is that by utilizing one of the many systems available,
little or no structural changes need to be made to existing building.
Automated
parking
system
also
integrates
well
Cladding can be
DRIVER FRIENDLY PARKING:The ability to make the drive/park process an easier and
less stressful one must also be considered a significant benefit for automated
car parking. Automated car parks reduce:
1)
2)
3)
4)
The publics access to the car park as the public are not
permitted inside the system.
5)
Threats of theft because the vehicle and its contains are secure
inside the car park.
with mobility problems or special needs: every space is suitable for any to
park in.
LOW MAINTENANCE OPERATION:Operating cost is low since automated car parking
requires less energy to run. There is no need for energy intensive ventilating
system as the cars are not being driven inside the facility.
LIMITATIONS:
Maintenance required.
CHAPTER 11
APPLICATIONS
used various material used in the industry can be placed at desired location
with minimum human intervention this ensure that the material is not
damaged and also the hazardous material can also be handled easily.
Scan Photo
CHAPTER 12
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
II)
III)
The modified system can include an optical card, which may have
the information like the assigned pallet no and can be read by the
sensor at the top of the pallet. The car will then be lifted to the
assigned no automatically without the need of the driver to punch
in the number.
The waiting time can also be reduced by calculating time
taken by the pallet to move sideways and downwards. So that both the
movements of two pallets can be co-ordinate and thus the time for empty
pallet to reach the user is reduced.
Scan Photo
*************