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uoveinoi Patiick's leaueiship in the iace against climate change has biought
Nassachusetts to the national foiefiont of climate action. 0nfoitunately, the science tells us
that oui actions to uate aie not sufficient to avoiu catastiophic climate changes. We must
uo moie. In the iemaining time of the uoveinoi's teim, theie aie specific oppoitunities to
take fuithei action on climate change that we outline heie. Taking these actions - banning
the woist fossil fuels, builuing only the best electiicity souices fiom this point foiwaius,
anu beginning to piice the iest of the state's emissions - woulu fiimly cement the
uoveinoi's legacy as a climate champion on the national anu global scale. Nassachusetts
woulu take it's place as a national anu inteinational mouel, that, if ieplicateu by othei
states anu nations, will gieatly inciease the ouus of avoiuing catastiophic climate changes
in the futuie.


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The climate ciisis is a challenge that iisks the stability of global society, thieatening
massive human suffeiing anu the tiansgiession of oui ueepest human values. This moment
in histoiy is one of incieuible uigency anu impoitance, foi the uecisions maue in the next
few yeais will ueteimine the state of the climate foi geneiations.


Confionting the climate ciisis iequiies expanuing clean electiicity piouuction anu cieating
sustainable moues of tianspoitation. The uigent neeu foi climate action thus piesents a
tiemenuous oppoitunity to invest in oui communities, as moving beyonu fossil fuels will
cieate thousanus of gieen jobs, bettei the health of iesiuents, anu builu a stable eneigy
founuation foi oui economy.

In his fiist teim, uoveinoi Patiick took impoitant steps towaius confionting the climate
ciisis anu builuing a clean eneigy economy. By builuing on his existing accomplishments,
the uoveinoi still has the chance to seize the oppoitunities piesenteu by the tiansition to a
clean eneigy futuie anu fully answei the challenge facing him with the climate ciisis.


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uoveinoi Patiick has alieauy taken stiong action to ieuuce emissions anu cieate clean
eneigy jobs. Buiing his time as goveinoi he has:
ietuineu Nassachusetts to its iightful place in the Regional uieenhouse uas
Initiative (RuuI),
loweieu the RuuI cap significantly,
auvocateu foi anu pioviueu all state peimits foi Cape Winu -soon to be the nation's
fiist offshoie winu faim,
incieaseu the NW goals foi both solai anu winu eneigy,
collaboiateu with the state legislatuie to pass the uieen Communities Act, uieen
}obs Act, anu ulobal Waiming Solutions Act (uWSA),
selecteu the highest 2u2u taiget peimissible in the uWSA,
anu launching the state's Climate Action Plan to meet these taigets.

As a iesult of these effoits, Nassachusetts piouuly leaus the nation in eneigy efficiency, anu
enjoys a iobust clean eneigy inuustiy, employing aiounu 8u,uuu iesiuents, with many
thousanus moie jobs expecteu as the sectoi continues to giow at an impiessive iate. The
climate anu clean eneigy leaueiship of Nassachusetts anu uoveinoi Patiick cleaily ueseive
to be iecognizeu anu celebiateu.


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The piomise of uoveinoi Patiick's climate anu clean eneigy legislation has yet to be
fulfilleu. Seveial tienus thieaten the success of uoveinoi Patiick's climate action agenua,
incluuing the emission ieuuction goals laiu out in his ulobal Waiming Solutions Act.

Fiist, the state's Clean Eneigy anu Climate Plan founu that oui electiicity giiu will likely
neeu to be at oi neai 1uu% clean (non-fossil fuel) by miu-centuiy to meet oui 2uSu
emissions ieuuctions goals. Bowevei, if seveial pioposals to builu new natuial gas plants
anu pipelines in the state move foiwaiu, Nassachusetts will eithei fail to meet oui 2uSu
emissions ieuuction taiget oi be foiceu to piompt piematuie plant ietiiement, wasting
some of the initial investment.

Seconu, the piopoition of tai sanus oil in the Noith Ameiican fuel supply is giowing. Tai
sanus oil is a paiticulaily caibon-intensive foim of oil mineu in noithein Canaua. Incieaseu
use of tai sanus oil in Nassachusetts will make it extiemely uifficult to achieve the neeueu
emissions ieuuction taigets in oui tianspoitation sectoi.

Thiiu, the miu-centuiy emissions ieuuction taigets set by the uWSA uo not fully ieflect the
natuie of the challenge piesenteu by the climate ciisis. The total amount of caibon ieleaseu
into the atmospheie, iathei than miu-centuiy emission levels, is the bottom line foi oui
success in mitigating climate change. To avoiu ovei-ieaching oui global "caibon buuget",
4- 7$**2% 4$)% %2 :-+)* $++/-'').-50 /-(,7)*+ -1)'')2*'; We must set ambitious miu-teim
uBu taigets foi 2uSu anu 2u4u anu lay out plans to meet them-- an act legally iequiieu by
the uWSA, though the Patiick auministiation has yet to act upon its iesponsibility heie.


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SSu Nassachusetts is a volunteei-leu netwoik ueuicateu to confionting the climate ciisis
anu builuing a just anu secuie futuie beyonu fossil fuels, focusing on action within the state
of Nassachusetts. We piopose thiee sets of steps that uoveinoi Patiick can take
immeuiately thiough the uiscietionaiy executive authoiity gianteu unuei the ulobal
Waiming Solutions Act. Consoliuateu into the "uoveinoi's Climate Legacy Platfoim", these
initiatives will Nassachusetts squaiely on couise towaius achieving oui miu-centuiy
emissions ieuuctions taigets anu becoming a full clean eneigy economy.

Below we uesciibe each step of the Climate Legacy Platfoim, suppoiting aiguments, anu an
explanation of the legal methous thiough which uoveinoi Patiick can implement the policy
uuiing his iemaining time in office.

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Byuiaulic fiactuiing, oi "fiacking", is a methou of using piessuiizeu fluius anu hoiizontal
uiilling to extiact methane gas tiappeu in unueigiounu shale iock foimations. Fiacking
poses gieat iisks to the health of local communities anu the stability of the global climate.
Nany communities in Pennsylvania, 0hio, anu othei states have iepoiteu tioubling impacts
fiom fiacking incluuing poisoneu uiinking watei, suuuen ueaths of livestock, a iise in
unusual illnesses among local iesiuents, anu eaithquakes. uas leaks fiom fiacking anu
natuial gas tianspoitation thieaten to eiase oui successes in uecieasing caibon uioxiue
emissions, $' 1-%#$*- )' %4-*%0>3).- %)1-' $' 924-/3,5 $ +/--*#2,'- +$' $' 7$/:2* ()2J)(-;
The exact amount of methane leaking fiom fiacking opeiations is unceitain, but a
Novembei 2u1S Baivaiu stuuy-- the most compiehensive stuuy of methane leaks yet--
founu that the EPA was unueiestimating leaks by Su%.

ueologists have uncoveieu shale gas in the Baitfoiu Basin iegion of westein
Nassachusetts. Fiacking in the Baitfoiu Basin is consiueieu uneconomical at this moment,
given the low piice of gas anu the lessei quality of the Basin's shale gas ueposits compaieu
to those in othei iegions of the countiy. Bowevei, a futuie maiket shift coulu make
fiacking the Baitfoiu Basin economically viable.

Fiance, the state of veimont, anu a numbei of municipalities have alieauy banneu fiacking.
Following theii leau woulu pievent the climate anu health uangeis of fiacking fiom evei
enuangeiing Nassachusetts, anu lenu oui voice to the giowing choius of goveinments that
aie piioiitizing the long-teim sustainability of theii lanu anu watei ovei the shoit-teim
economic benefits of uestiuctive extiaction.

uoveinoi Patiick shoulu implement a fiacking ban in one of the following two ways:

1. By executive oiuei to issue a moiatoiium on new fossil fuel infiastiuctuie (see
implementation guiuelines in section 2, Builu 0nly the Best, below)
2. By instiucting the Bepaitment of Enviionmental Piotection (BEP) to piomulgate
iegulations that ban hyuiaulic fiactuiing, using both the state's manuate to ieuuce
gieenhouse gas emissions unuei the the ulobal Waiming Solutions Act iegulate
souices of watei pollution anu its authoiity to iegulate unueigiounu injections
(S1u CNR 27.u4). The iegulations shoulu explicitly piohibit the constiuction,
installation, opeiation, oi maintenance of any anu all Class II injection wells anu any
anu all Class III (c) injection wells by eliminating exceptions foi futuie
authoiizations thiough S1u CNR 27.uu.

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L2$5 -1)%' %#- 12'% 7$/:2* ()2J)(- 9-/ ,*)% 23 -*-/+0 23 $55 32'')5 3,-5', making it a piime
taiget foi emissions ieuuction plans. Pollution fiom coal combustion has cieateu seiious
iespiiatoiy uiseases anu othei illnesses among Nassachusetts iesiuents who live neai oui
state's thiee coal plants, as well as sickening anu enuangeiing the communities neai the
West viiginian anu Colombian mines fiom which oui coal is souiceu.

While coal appeais to be on its way out of the state without fuithei action, the seiiousness
of the climate anu health impacts iequiie moie uigent anu uelibeiate action. Bighei natuial
gas piices in the futuie might make coal moie economical; banning coal now will guaiantee
that we save millions of tons of gieenhouse gas emissions fiom enteiing the atmospheie
anu piotect the health of many iesiuents. This woulu make Nassachusetts the fiist state in
the nation to explicitly piohibit the buining of coal, setting a poweiful pieceuent foi the
iest of New Englanu anu beyonu.

uoveinoi Patiick shoulu implement such a ban by utilizing the poweis gianteu unuei the
ulobal Waiming Solutions Act (Ch. 21N, Section 4) to piomulgate electiicity-sectoi
emission peifoimance stanuaius such that the pei-unit level of caibon uioxiue emissions is
below that of the most efficient coal plant (that uoes not employ CCS) by 2u2u.

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Coal plants in Nassachusetts cuiiently employ a few hunuieu woikeis anu pioviue a tax
base to the thiee host communities. To meet the neeus of woikeis anu local communities
uuiing plant ietiiement, uoveinoi Patiick shoulu cieate a }ust Tiansition Initiative that
woulu be iesponsible foi:
convening gieen anu high-tech business leaueis to invest in ex-host communities,
ieseaiching, uesigning, anu piomoting incentives foi clean tech anu gieen economy
investments in ex-host communities, incluuing as-of-iight siting anu tax bieaks;
cieating, suppoiting, anu wiuely piomoting investment into instiuments like
Community Bevelopment Financial Institutions that suppoit ex-host communities;
assisting anu auvocating foi the uevelopment of a souice of funuing that woulu
covei ieplacement wages, job ietiaining, anu lost tax ievenues to piotect woikeis
anu communities uuiing a tiansition peiiou;
ieseaiching anu suppoiting othei tiansition policies to alleviate the buiuen placeu
on coal communities


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As uetaileu in "Section Iv: The Risk of Failuie on uoveinoi Patiick's Climate uoals" above,
incieaseu use of tai sanus oil thieatens oui ability to ieuuce tianspoitation emissions as
iequiieu unuei the uWSA.

uoveinoi Patiick shoulu effectively uetei the sale of tai sanus oil in Nassachusetts by
establishing a Clean Fuel Stanuaiu (CFS). A CFS woulu give eveiy fuel souice a uBu "iating"
anu iequiie that the aveiage iating of vehicle fuels be ieuuceu ovei time. In auuition to
ueteiiing tai sanus oil use, a steauily uecieasing CFS woulu necessitate a giowing poition
of fuel to come fiom low oi zeio-caibon souices such as cellulosic ethanol, biouiesel, anu
ienewable-poweieu electiicity ovei time.

In auuition to its uangeious climate impacts, the extiaction anu piocessing of tai sanus has
been shown to seveiely haim the health anu livelihoous of neaiby communities. Nany of
the communities neai extiaction sites aie inuigenous, anu the Beavei Lake Ciee Nation has
fileu lawsuit against tai sanus companies foi violating theii tieaty iights. Banning tai sanus
oil in Nassachusetts woulu be an impoitant step foi ensuiing basic human iights anu
iespecting inuigenous iights in Noith Ameiica.

uoveinoi Patiick alieauy has taken steps towaius implementing this policy with the 2uu8
Clean Eneigy Biofuels Act by which Nassachusetts committeu to leauing the cieation of a
iegional Clean Fuels Stanuaiu. The effoit has stalleu in iecent yeais, but uoveinoi Patiick
shoulu ie-piioiitize the effoit by leauing as many noitheast states as possible to sign on to
a CFS by the enu of 2u14 anu commit to implementation within two yeais.


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All majoi eneigy infiastiuctuie investments in NA fiom this point foiwaiu shoulu be
uiiecteu to ienewable souices anu eneigy efficiency.

The Inteinational Eneigy Agency has pieuicteu that continuing cuiient tienus of fossil fuel
infiastiuctuie expansion foi the next thiee yeais will iesult in a planet "lockeu" into
consuming the global caibon buuget anu suipassing the uangeious thiesholu of 2C
waiming. We thus cannot affoiu to commit ouiselves to fuithei fossil fuel uepenuence by
investing in new coal, oil oi natuial gas infiastiuctuie such as pipelines, powei plants, anu
expoit teiminals. Fiom this point foiwaiu, we must iely upon only new ienewable souices,
eneigy efficiency, anu conseivation to meet oui new eneigy uemanu anu ieplace ietiiing
fossil fuels.

")%#2,% %#)' '%-98 )% )' ,*5)6-50 %#$% O$''$7#,'-%%' 4)55 $7#)-.- 2,/ EFPF -1)'')2* /-(,7%)2*'
%$/+-%' ,*(-/ %#- ?"MC; The state's 2u1u Clean Eneigy anu Climate Plan founu that oui
electiicity giiu will likely neeu to be 1uu% clean electiicity by miu-centuiy. If natuial gas
continues to expanu beyonu its cuiient shaie of the NA electiicity maiket, we will eithei
miss oui 2uSu emissions taigets oi be left with billions of uollais of stianueu assets in the
foim of fossil fuel infiastiuctuie that cannot be useu without violating oui emissions limit--
an unlikely pioposition.


uoveinoi Patiick shoulu implement a ban on new fossil fuel infiastiuctuie thiough the
following thiee methous:
a. Immeuiately ueclaie a moiatoiium on new constiuction anu majoi expansion of
fossil fuel powei plants, pipelines, extiaction sites, anu impoitexpoit facilities by using the
same authoiity that was employeu to ueclaie a moiatoiium on waste incineiation facilities
(Title XvI, Chaptei 111, Section 1 nst42A).
b. 0n the basis of the uWSA manuate that the uoveinoi's office set plans foi 2uSu,
2u4u, anu 2uSu emissions taigets, the uoveinoi shoulu ueclaie that the amounts of
ienewable eneigy anu eneigy efficiency containeu in those plans make new fossil fuel
facilities unnecessaiy anu inconsistent with the uWSA. The state's Eneigy Facilities Siting
Boaiu woulu then be obligateu to ueny appioval foi new facilities uue to theii conflict with
the uWSA.
c. 0sing the same uWSA authoiity as in (b), uoveinoi Patiick shoulu instiuct the
BEP to implement a peifoimance stanuaiu foi powei plants such that the pei-unit level of
caibon uioxiue emissions in 2uSu is below that of the most efficient natuial gas plant (that
uoes not employ caibon captuie anu unueigiounu stoiage technology, oi CCS).

Neeting oui eneigy neeus while banning new fossil fuel infiastiuctuie will iequiie a moie
iapiu expansion of ienewable eneigy anu eneigy efficiency. Nassachusetts has alieauy
cieateu policies to suppoit this expansion, such as the Renewable Poitfolio Stanuaiu anu
the manuate foi all cost-effective efficiency. Auuitional policies will be necessaiy, anu in
this white papei's appenuix we suggest seveial policies foi uoveinoi Patiick to piioiitize.

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uoveinoi Patiick shoulu convene a task foice to uesign a faii caibon piicing system that
holus polluteis accountable, piotects low- anu moueiate-income iesiuents, anu ensuies
that Nassachusetts businesses iemain competitive.

Theie is wiue agieement that the complex mix of feueial anu state iegulations that aie
intenueu to limit uBu emissions fiom vaiious souices $/- 12/- -J9-*').- $*( 5-'' -33-7%).-
%#$* $ '0'%-1 5)6- $ '%/2*+ 7$/:2* %$J 4#)7# ,*)32/150 9-*$5)Q-' -1)'')2*' $7/2'' $55 '-7%2/'
23 %#- -72*210; While these othei policies have histoiically been easiei to actualize
politically, the tiue is beginning to shift, anu we think this is the iight time foi
Nassachusetts to ieasseit its couiage anu leaueiship.

The Regional uieenhouse uas Initiative (RuuI) cuiiently cieates such a piice foi electiicity
geneiation, although touay's piice is fai too low. Califoinia is in the piocess of cieating an
economy-wiue cap-anu-tiaue system that will moie bioauly put a piice on caibon, while
moie uiiect caibon taxes exist in Biitish Columbia anu Iielanu.

While impoitant foi shifting householu anu consumei behavioi, a caibon piice has
potential to be iegiessive because lowei-income householus spenu a highei peicentage of
theii incomes on eneigy costs. In oiuei to be faii to eveiyone, paiticulaily the most
vulneiable in oui communities, the ievenue obtaineu must be useu to minimize the net
economic impact of a caibon piice on low- anu moueiate-income householus while still
pioviuing a stiong incentive to ieuuce uBu emissions. At the same time, we must use some
of the ievenue to ensuie that non-fossil fuel businesses in Nassachusetts aie able to iemain
competitive with businesses in othei states that uo not face theii own caibon taxes to
ensuie the long-teim sustainability anu success of a caibon piice.

While legislative appioval will likely be necessaiy foi cieating an economy-wiue caibon
piicing system, uoveinoi Patiick can lay impoitant giounuwoik by convening a task-foice
to uesign that system anu piesent theii pioposal in eaily 2u1S to the new uoveinoi anu
state legislatuie. To avoiu a iegiessive oi anti-business caibon piicing uesign, uoveinoi
Patiick shoulu ensuie that the task foice incluues business leaueis anu community gioups
that iepiesent low-income iesiuents, in auuition to all othei majoi stakeholueis.


D9: 1,.62=0#,.
As extieme weathei uisasteis continue to woisen anu sea levels continue to iise alongsiue
foou piices, the impoitance of global waiming in oui politics anu oui lives will only
inciease. uoveinoi Patiick's action, oi his choice of inaction, uuiing his final months in
office will shape oui state's climate anu clean eneigy futuie anu theieby shape his legacy.

In his 2uu7 inauguial auuiess, the uoveinoi spoke poweifully of his hope anu optimism foi
the Commonwealth: "I see above all the imagination, the compassion, anu the eneigy of oui
people. I see what we aie capable ofnot just as a mattei of histoiy but as a mattei of
chaiactei. Anu I am asking you to touch that pait of oui shaieu legacy, anu ieach with me
foi something bettei."

We aie capable of tuining the tiue on fossil fuels in Nassachusetts. Tienus set in the
Commonwealth often spieau acioss the nation anu aiounu the globe. If the uoveinoi
finishes what he set out to uo uuiing his fiist teim foi climate anu clean eneigy, he will
leave behinu a legacy that matches his inauguial optimism anu uefies expectations in
enacting the compassion, chaiactei, anu iueals of oui state.


1,.$(6$:
Boiian Williams, Climate Legacy Campaign Cooiuinatoi: uoiianbetteifutuiepioject.oig,
77S-289-224u

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To encouiage iapiu ueployment of ienewable eneigy in Nassachusetts, we iecommenu
that uoveinoi Patiick implement the following policies:

a. uoveinoi Patiick has alieauy commissioneu a stuuy of a feeu-in taiiff foi solai
photovoltaic powei in NA (the "stanuaiu offei"). Feeu-in taiiff policies cieate long-teim
electiicity contiacts that guaiantee piice anu investment ceitainty foi ienewable facilities,
fiom family homes with solai photovoltaic (Pv) panels on theii iooftops to commeicial
winu faims.


Feeu-in taiiffs have been useu to iapiuly builu ienewable eneigy capacities in ueimany,
Italy anu othei Euiopean countiies, a laige poition of which is owneu by citizens. Because
of theii unpaialleleu iecoiu of success, feeu-in taiiffs shoulu be fuithei exploieu as an
option foi Nassachusetts, incluuing expanuing the pievious stuuy to incluue offshoie winu,
community winu, anu biogas.

b. Auvocate foi upgiauing oui iegion's electiical giiu. In oiuei to meet oui full
electiicity uemanu thiough ienewables, we must connect Nassachusetts with othei New
Englanu states anu New Yoik moie efficiently, anu make it easiei foi uevelopeis to builu
tiansmission to get this electiicity to maiket.

In auuition to leauing a joint effoit with othei state goveinments to upgiaue the giiu,
uoveinoi Patiick shoulu suppoit new ienewable facilities in oui iegion by iate-basing
tiansmission (guaianteeing the iate of ietuin foi utilities) anu take othei necessaiy steps
to both suppoit impiovements to oui tiansmission system anu help uevelopeis get
ienewable eneigy to maiket.

c. Incoipoiate into the eneigy poitions of the state's builuing coue a iequiiement
that all new builuings be "solai ieauy" foi both Pv anu theimal systems. In auuition,
manuate that all new iesiuential anu commeicial builuings install solai watei heating
(unless constiaineu iooftop space woulu cause use of solai watei heating to pievent
installation of solai Pv). Anothei option is to manuate that all new builuings above a
ceitain size achieve net-zeio uBu emissions, eithei thiough on-site geneiation, suppoit foi
off-site geneiation, oi puichasing RECs.

u. Eneigy efficiency constitutes much of the "low hanging fiuit" foi ieuucing uBu
emissions. Yet, because state law says that the electiic anu gas utilities may only suppoit
efficiency measuies that aie cheapei than the alteinative of pioviuing moie eneigy
supplies, theie is a uangei that continueu low natuial gas piices will hampei the piogiess
of efficiency. It is essential that this obstacle be auuiesseu. 0ne way to uo so is foi the state
to set an official piice on caibon emissions that iecognizes theii full long-teim costs to
society. This piice woulu then be auueu to the benefits pioviueu by efficiency in ieuucing
the neeu to buin moie fossil fuels, anu so woulu allow the utilities to suppoit a wiuei iange
of efficiency measuies.