Drilling Production

DRILLING & PRODUCTION
By:
Engr. Saleem Qadir Tunio
INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY &
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (PCB/PDB 1012)
MAY 2014 SEMSTER
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Lecturer details
Office : Block 16, Level 03
Room : 22
Email: saleem_tunio@petronas.com.my
Tel # : 368-7055

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Outlines
Familiarity with:
Drilling & Completion concepts
Drilling rig types & accessories
Drilling fluids
Types of completions
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INTRODUCTION
Oil/Gas Well drilling
To bore/drill a hole in the sub-surface, usually to extract
hydrocarbons such as oil and gas.

This drilling exists in two types;
On-shore (on land)
Off-shore (in sea/ocean)
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Well is drilled in several stages.
Normally starts with drilling a hole of 30 to 36 inches
diameters down to a depth of 150 to 250 m.
A steel pipe called casing is lowered into the well and
cemented to the wall.
After the cement has hardened, drilling is resumed with a
smaller drill bit.
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INTRODUCTION
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At a certain depth the drilling is stopped and another
string of casing is set and cemented.
This procedure will be repeated for each string until the well
has reached the depth of the reservoir.
Number of casing strings may vary from well to well
depending on well depth and formations to be drilled.
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INTRODUCTION
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DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
Rotary Rig
Components
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Drill bit: is a cutting tool used to create cylindrical
holes. Rotary table from rotating system will rotate the
Kelly pipe, drill pipe and bit. Rotating the bit provides an
axial force to create the hole.

Kelly: is a primary link between the drilling rigs surface
equipment and the bit. Kellys are manufactured with
either square or hexagonal cross-sections. API kellys
come in two standard lengths: 40 ft and 54 ft.

Drill String Components
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Drill Pipe: is a steel pipe available in three length
ranges: Range 1 (18 to 22 ft), Range 2 (27 to
30 ft) and Range 3 (38 to 45 ft).

Drill Collar: is a steel pipe thicker than drill pipe. It
is used to provide additional weight to
the bit and optimize drilling rates.
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Casing: is a steel pipe used during the
drilling of a well.

Casing types: Conductor Casing ,Surface Casing,
Intermediate Casing, Production
Casing
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CASING SIZES
Available Casing Sizes :
36 in. OD
30 in. OD
24 in. OD, 20 in. OD
13 3/8 in. OD, 10 in. OD
9 5/8 in, OD, 7 in. OD
5 in. OD
4 in. OD
4 in. OD
Where OD is Outside Diameter.

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TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Offshore wells, the types of rigs are:

Jack-ups where the water depth is less than 100m
Semi-Submersibles in hostile waters too rough for
Drill Ship and depths over 100m
Drill Ships in calm waters with depths over 100m
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Jack-up Rig
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Jack-up Rig
Jack-ups are used for most of the offshore exploration drilling world-wide.
Jack-up has a floating hull with retractable legs which can be jacked down
to the sea bed. Hull can be lifted until it is clear off the sea surface. The legs
support the hull.
In shallow and relatively calm waters the Jack up has the advantage of
being able to leave a free standing well with a surface completion once it is
finished.
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Semi-submersible Rig
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Semi-submersible Rig
Semi-Submersibles are used mostly in the range of water depths from
100-600 m.
This rig is not bottom-supported, but it is designed to float and it can
operate in water depths of up to 3000 ft.
In areas where water depths exceed 100m and heavy weather can be
expected, then semi-submersibles must be used.
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Drill Ship
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Drill Ship
Drill ships are used to drill the well in deep water ( up to 7000 ft ).
It is most suited in calmer waters and less harsh environment.
It can move between locations at high speed compared to semi-submersible
rigs.

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TYPES OF LAND RIG
Land Rig
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LAND RIGS
Conventional rigs

Mobile rigs

Portable mast

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SYSTEMS
Three systems

(1) Hoisting
(2) Circulating
(3) Rotary
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(1) Hoisting system

A large pulley system which is used to run and
pull equipment into and out of the well. Main
component is a draw-work which consists of a
clutch, gear and brake.
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(2) Circulating system

It is a system used to circulate drilling fluid down and
up the drilling string. Main functions of the system
are
To remove drilled cuttings from the borehole
To exert a hydrostatic pressure to prevent
formation fluid entering the borehole.
Drilling fluid is used as a circulation fluid (water +
bentonite + weighting material + chemicals).

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(3) Rotary system

The system is used to rotate the drilling string and
to rotate the drill bit on the bottom of the hole.

The system includes rotary table and kelly which is a
rectangular-shaped pipe placed in the rotary table.
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HOISTING
SYSTEM
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One major component system of rotary drilling rig

To support the rotating system in drilling the well by
providing the appropriate equipment and working areas
needed for lifting, lowering and suspending the
tremendous weights

Hoisting equipment used to lift, lower and suspend the
drilling stem

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Draw works

Overhead tools (crown block, travelling block, hook, elevator )

Drilling line
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Draw-works: Specialized heavy-duty hoisting winch
Crown block: An assembly of pulleys called sheaves
Travelling block: An arrangement of sheaves
Hook: A large hook-shaped device
Elevators: An extremely rugged, heavy duty clamps
Drilling line: A heavy-duty wire rope
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CIRCULATING
SYSTEM
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Components in Circulating system
1. Mud Pumps: to circulate large volume of drilling fluid under
high pressure.

2. Shale shaker: removes drill cuttings from the drilling fluid.

3. Desander: removes granular waste from drilling fluid.

4. Desilter: removes fine particles from drilling fluid.

5. Degasser: removes entrained gases from drilling fluid.
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CIRCULATING SYSTEM
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DRILLING MUD CIRCULATING SYSTEM
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ROTARY
SYSTEM
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Rotary System
Drive System
Top Drive System Kelly and Rotary Drive System
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Rotary System
Major components of
rotary system
O Rotary table with
Kelly
O Top Drive System
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Drill Bits
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Types of Drill Bits
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Types of Drill Bits
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Two basic categories:

1. Roller cutter bit (also known as roller cone bit)

- consists of cutting elements arranged on cones
(usually 3 cones) that rotate on bearings about
their own axis as the drill string turns the body of
the bit.

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2. Fixed cutter bit (also known as drag bit)

- consists of stationary cutting elements and is
rotated directly by the turning of the drill string.
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DRILLING
OPERATION
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CEMENTING
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Types of Borehole

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According to Casing operation
1.Open Hole
2.Cased hole

According to conductivity of the borehole
1. Conductive (water base drilling mud)
2. Non-conductive borehole (oil base mud, air
drilled or cased holes)

Open hole Cased Hole
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DRILLING
SEQUENCE

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Typical sequence of
operation
Rig up
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up

Drill surface hole
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole

Run & set surface casing
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole


Cement surface casing

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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole



Drill intermediate hole
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole




Run & set intermediate casing
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole





Cement intermediate casing
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up

Drill surface hole






Drill production hole
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Cement production casing
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up
Drill surface hole
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set liner
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set liner
Cement liner
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A string of tubing is set from
the producing zones to the
surface/ wellhead
Communicate reservoir to
surface
Provide conduit for fluid to
flow to the surface
Control the flow of fluid
reservoir
reservoir
reservoir
reservoir
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TYPES OF SEPARATOR
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Christmas TREE and WELLHEAD
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UNITS of Oil and Gas Flow Rate
Oil Flow Rate: bbl/day or
BPD (barrels/day)
Gas Flow Rate: MMSCF/D

(Million Standard Cubic
Feet/day)

1M = 1000 standard cubic
feet
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THANKS
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Drilling Production

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