Cast Stainless Steels

Introduction
The heat treatment of stainless steel castings follous closely in purpose
and procedure the thermal processing of comparable wrought materials.
However, the differences in detail warrant separate consideration.
In work-hardenable ferritic alloys. machining and grinding stresses are
relieved at temperatures from approximately 260 to 5-tO C (500 to 1000
F). Castings of the martensitic grades CA-IS and CA-JO do not require
subcritical annealing to remove the effects of cold working, because they
are not cold worked or cold formed. Casting stresses in other martensitic
grades should be relieved by subcritical annealing, before further heat
treatment. For hardened martensitic castings, the stress-relieving tempera-
ture must be kept below the final tempering or aging temperature.
Homogenization. Alloy segregation and dendritic structures may
occur in castings. They may be particularly pronounced in heavy sections.
Also. mechanical reduction and soaking treatments are required in the mill
processing of wrought alloys. Therefore. it is frequently necessary to
homogenize some alloys at temperatures above 1095 C (2005 F). to
promote uniformity of chemical composition and microstructure. Full
annealing of martensitic castings results in recrystallization and maximum
softness. but it is less effective than homogenization in eliminating segre-
gation. Homogenization is a common procedure in the heat treatment of
precipitation-hardening castings.
Ferritic and Austenitic Grades. The fenitic. austenitic, and
mixed ferritic-austenitic grades are not hardenable by heat treatment. They
may be used in the as-cast condition. if maximum resistance to corrosion is
not required. They can be annealed or stress relieved to improve their
corrosion resistance and machining characteristics.
The fenitic alloys CB-30 and CC-50 are annealed to relieve stresses
and reduce hardness by being heated above 790 C (1455 R. as shown in
the table included in this section.
The austenitic grades achieve maximum resistance to intergranular
corrosion by the high-temperature heating and quenching procedure known
as solution annealing. As-cast structures or castings exposed to tempera-
tures in the range from 425 to 870 C (795 to I600 F) may contain complex
chromium carbides precipitated preferentially along gram boundaries in
wholly austenitic grades. This microstructure is susceptible to intergranular
corrosion, especially in oxidizing solutions. In partially ferritic grades.
carbides tend to precipitate in the discontinuous ferrite pools. Thus, these
grades are less susceptible to intergranular attack. The purpose of solution
annealing is to ensure complete solution of carbides in the matrix and to
retain these carbides in solid solution.
Solution annealing procedures for all austenitic grades are similar.
They consist of heating to a temperature of approximately 1095 C (2005
F). holding for a time sufficient to accomplish complete solution of
carbides. and quenching at a rate fast enough to prevent reprecipitation of
the carbides, particularly while cooling through the range from 870 to 540
C (1600 to 1000 F). Temperatures to which castings should be heated
before quenching vary somewhat. depending on the alloy.
As shown in the table included in this section, a two-step heat treating
procedure may be applied to the niobium-containing CF-8C alloy. The fust
treatment consists of solution annealing. This is followed by a stabilizing
treatment at 870 to 925 C ( I600 to 1695 F), which precipitates niobium
carbides, prevents formation of the damaging chromium carbides, and
provides maximum resistance to intergranular attack.
Because of their low carbon contents. CF-3 and CF-3M do not contain
enough chromium carbides to cause selective intergranular attack and
hence do not require solution annealing.
Martensitic Grades. The hardening procedures for CA- IS cast-
ings are similar to those used for the comparable wrought alloy, type 410.
Recommended practice for annealing. austenitizing, and tempering CA-15
are in the article on this alloy which follows. In addition, operating infor-
mation on two other martensitic grades. CA-40 and CA-6NM. is presented
in articles.
CompositiOns. Alloy Casting Institute (ACI) compositions for
corrosion resistant cast steels are in the adjoining table, along with infor-
mation on comparable wrought, and ASTM grades, plus the most com-
mon end-use microstructure for each alloy.
In addition. I5 articles on representative individual alloys are pre-
sented. They include:
Ferritic and Austenitic grades
CB-30
CC-SO
CE-30
CF.3
CF-IC
CF-BM
blartensitic grades
CA-IS
CA-40
CA-6NM
CF-12M
CF- I6F
CF.20
CM-20
CK-20
CN-7M
Applications and welding conditions for corrosion resistant alloys are
listed in adjoining tables.
Heat-Resisting Grades. Information on these casting alloys that
follow include AC1 compositions; general corrosion characteristics and
creep stress values: room temperature properties: short-term tensile prop-
erties at elevated temperatures: approximate rates of corrosion in air and
flue gas; and corrosion resistance at 980 C ( I800 F) in various atmos-
pheres.
Cast Stainless Steels / 787
ACI Type: Compositions and Typical Microstructures of Alloy Casting Institute (ACI) Corrosion-Resistant Cast
Steels
wrought ASTM Most common end-use Composition, S(b)
ACltype alloy type(a)
specfications microstructure C hltt Si Cr Ni Others(c)
Chromium steels
CA-IS 110
CA-I5M
CA-I.0 320
CA--lOF
CB-30 431.4-E
cc-so 446
Chromium-nickel steels
CA-6N
CA-6NM
CA-28MWV
CB-7Cu- I
CB-7Cu-2
CD-IMCu
(X-30
CF-3(e)
CF-3M(eb
CF.3MN
CF-8(e)
CF-8C
CF43hI
CF-IO
CF- IOM
CF-IOMC
CF-IOSMnN
CF-I2M
312
304L
316L
30-l
317
316
316
CF-16F
CF-20
CC-6hlhfN
CG-8M
CG-I2
CH-8
CH-IO
CH-20
CK-3hlCuN
CK-20
303
302
317
309
310
Nickel-chromium steel
CN-3M
CN-7hl
CN-7MS
CT-ISC
A743.A217,A187
A 733
A 743
A 713
A 743
A 743
A743
A 713. A187
A7.l3
A747
A747
A351,A743.A744.
A 890
A 713
A351.A7-l3,A7U
A351.A743,A744
A 743
A351.A743,A711
A3Sl.A7-13.A744
A351,A743.A744
A351
A351
A351
A351.A743
A 743
A713
A35l.A743
A351.4743.A7U
A 743
A3.51
A351
A3Sl.A7-l3
A3Sl.A7-13.A7U
A 713
A 7-13
A35l,A713.A7-U
A 713. A 7-U
A351
Martensite
Martensite
Martensite
Martensite
Ferrite and carbides
Ferrite and carbides
Rlartensi te
Martensite
hlartensite
hlartensite. age hardenable
Martensite. age hardenable
Austrnitc in ferrite. age
hardenable
Femtr in austenitr
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite in austcnite
Ferrite in austenite
Femte in austenite
Femtr in austenitr
Ferrite in austcnite
Femtrt in austemte or
austenite
Austcoitr
Austenite
Ferrite in austenitc
Ferrite in austenite
Ferrite tnaustenite
Ferrite in austenitc
Ferrite in austrntte
Austrnite
Ferrite tn austenite
Austetute
Austenite
Austenite
Austenite
Austenitr
0.15 1.00
0.15 1.00
0.10 1.00
0 -0.1 100
0.30 I .OO
0.30 1.00
0.06 0.50
0.06 loo
0.20-O 28 O.SO- I .oO
0.07 0.70
0.07 0 70
0.04 I .(X1
0.30 I so
0.03 I so
0.03 I.50
0.03 I .so
0.08 I.50
0.08 I.50
0.08 I so
0 04-O. IO I 50
0.04-O. IO I.50
0. IO I so
0.10 7.00-9 00
0. I 2 I .50
0.16 I.50
0.20 I.50
0.06 1.00-h 00
0.08 I .50
0.12 I 50
0.08 I.50
00-1-o IO I.SO
0.20 I.50
0.025 1.20
0.20 2.00
0.03 XKJ
007 I.50
0.07 I so
0.05-O. IS 0.15-1.50
I.90
065
I.50
I.50
I.50
1.50
I .OO
I.00
I .OO
I .OO
loo
I.00
2.00
00
2.00
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
I.50
I 50
3.50-4.50
2.00
.oil
200
I .OO
I.50
2.00
I .50
2.00
2.w
I SM
2.00
I.00
I..50
3.501,gr
0.m I .so
I I.%l-l.0
11.5-11.0
11.5.IJ.0
II.S-14.0
18.0-72.0
26.0-30.0
I.0
I.0
I .o
I .O
2.0
-I.0
O.SOMo(d)
0. IS-I.OOMo
O.SMo(d)
10.5-17 5
11.9-11.0
11.0-125
6.0-8.0
3.5-4.5
0.50-I 00
0.4-I .OMo ..
15.5-17 7 3.6-1.6
l-3.0-IS.5 1 s-s.5
25.0-26 5 4.75-6.0
0.9-I .25Mo: 0.9- I .25W:
0.2-0.3v
2.S-3.2Cu;0.20-0.3SNh:
O.OSN max
2.S-3.3Cu:0.20-0.3SNb:
0.05N max
I 752.2Shlo: 2.75.3.2SCu
26.0-30.0 8.0. I I .O
l7.0-I.0 8.0-13.0
17.0.I.0 8.0-12.0
17.0-z I .o 9.0- 13.0
18.0-2 I .O 8.0. I I .O
18.0-21 0 9.0-12.0
l80-Il.0 9.0- 12.0
180-21.0 80-11.0
18.0-21.0 9.0- I2 0
15.0-18.0 13.0-16.0
lhOl8 0 8.0-9.0
I8 O-21.0 9.0-12.0
2.0-3.OMo
2.0-3.OMo: 0. IO-EON
NMf)
2.0-3.Ohlo
2.0-3.OMo
1.75-2.25Mo
0.08-O. I8N
2.0.3.Ohlo
18.0-21.0 ).(I- 12.0
18.0-2 I .O 8.0-I I .O
20.5-23 5 I 1.5-l 3.5
I .SOhlo max: 0.20-0.3SSe
IY.O-21.0 9.0- 13.0
20.0-23 0 l(J.O-I3 0
22.0-26.0 12.0-15.0
22.0-26 0 12.0-15.0
22.0-7-6.0 I2.0- IS.0
19.5-20.5 17519.5
I SO-3.OOhlo: 0. IO-
0.30Nb; 0. IO-30V;
0.20~-ION
3.01.0hlo
6.0-7.OV: 0. I8-0.24N:
o.so- I OOCU
23.0-27.0 19.0-22.0
20 O-12.0 13.0-27.0 -155Shlo
19.0-X 0 17.5-30.5 2.0-3.OMo: 3 03.OCu
I8 O-20.0 22 o-3.0 2.s-3.OMo: I .s-XCU
19.0-Z I .o 3 I .o-34.0 0.5-l sv
(a) Qpe numbers of wrought alloys are listed only for nominal identification of corresponding wrought and cast grades. Composition ranges of cast alloys are not the same as for
corresponding wrought alloys; cast alloy designations should be used for castings only. tb) hlaumum unless a range is given. The balance of all compositions is iron. (c)Sulfur
content is 0.04% in all grades except: CG-6hlMN. 0.030% S (mast: CF-IOSh4nN. 0.035, S tmax): CT-ISC. O.O3cc, S (ma\): CK-3hlCuN. O.OlOQ S (max): CN-3hl. 0.0306 S
(m~):CA-6N.0.0206S(max):CA-28hlWV.0.03O~~S(m~):CA-U)F.0.20-O10~S:CB-7Cu-I and-2.0.03%S(ma~.). Phosphoruscontent isO.O4%~max~inallgradesexcept.
CF-l6F. 0.176 P (max); CF-IOSMnN. 0.060%, P rmax): CT-ISC. 0.0304 P tmax): CK-3hlCuN. 0.045~ P tmax): CN-3hl. 0.03Oc1 P (mar): CA-6N. 0.0204 P tmax): CA-
28MWV. 0.030% P (max): CB-7Cu- I and -2.0.0354 P (mrlr;). td) Molbbdenutn not intrnoonall) added. or) CF-?A, CF-3MA. and CF-8A have the same composition ranges as
CF-3, CF-3hl. and CF-8. respectively. but habe balanced compositions so that ferrite contents are at Ie\els that permit higher mechanical property specifications than those for re-
latedgrades.Theyareco~ered by ASTM A 351. [f) Nb. 8 x %,C min (l.O%, maxi: or Nb+Ta x QC t I. Iq, max). (g) For CN-7hlS. silicon ranges from 2.50 to 3.50%,
788 / Heat Treaters Guide
Summary of Applications for Various Corrosion-Resistant Cast Steels
AllO) Characteristics
c4-I5
CA-40
CA-6Nhl
CA-6N
CB-30
CB-7Cu- I
CB-7Cu-2
cc-so
CD-4hlCu
CE-30
CF-3. CF-8. CF-0.
CF.3hl. CF-BM.
CF-YC.CF-I6F
CG-Yhl
CH-20
CK-20
CFu-7hl
Hidrly used in mildI! corrosilr en\ ironmrnts: hardcnahlc: good eroston resistance
S~milartoCA-15at higherstrength Ic\el
lmproied proper&> o\er CA IS. especialI) impro\rd resistance rocaitxion
Ourjtanding combinations ofa=ngth. ~oughnesi. and #eldahiltv u ith moderateI! good corrosion resistance
Improved performance m oxidizing eni ironmentb compared to CA- 15: excellent resistance to corrosion b! nitric acid. alkaline solutions. and many organic
chemicals
Hardrnahls H ith good corrorion resistance
Suprnor combination of strength. toughness. and ucldabili~ 1% rth moderateI! good cormston re+ance
Used in highl) owbring medtaihor HNO,. astd nunc \raterst
Similar to CF.8 in corrosion resistawe. but higher svrngth. hardness. and stress-comosion cracking resistance: txrllent resistance to en\ ironments
rn\ol\ ing abmston orerojion-coTToj1on: usefully employed in handling hoth oxidizing and reductng cormdents
SimilmtoCC-50. but Ni imparts higher strength and roughness level>. Agmde a\ilahlc with controlled ferrire
CF types: most wtdrly wed corroston-reststant alloys at ambient and cr)ogemc temperatures
hl !anations: enhanced resistance to halogen ion and redwing acids
C and F \ xiations: wed \t here application does not pemtit posnrcld heat treat
.Agradessvailsble M ith controlled femte
Greater resistance to pitting and corrosion in reducing media than CF-8hl: not suitahlr for nitric acids orothrrstrongl) ovidring environments
Superior to CF.8 in specialized chemical and papsrnpplication~ in resistance IO hot HJSOI. org.+ acids. and dilure H+SO,. rhe high nickel and chromium
contents also make thus alloy less susceptthle to tntergranular conosion after exposure to carhtde-precipitstng trmpcrarures
improved corroston wsistance compared to CH-20
HighI) resistant to H,SO,. H xPO,. H&GO,. salts. and seawater. Good resistance to hot chloride -11 solutions. mtric acid. and many reducing chemicals
Welding Conditions for Corrosion-Resistant Steel Castings
ACI
designation
Pw of
electrodes used(a) T
Preheat
OF Poshreld heat treatment
CA-6Nhl Same composition
CA-15 410
CA-40 -I IO or 120
CB-7Cu Same compoiition or 308
CB-30 442
cc-so 446
CD-4hlCu Sdmc conipo>tllon
CE-30 312
CF.3 308L
CF.8 308
CF.YC 347
CF-3hl 316L
CF-8hl 316
CF-I2hl 316
CF-IhF 308 or 308L
CF-20 308
CG-YM 317
CH-20 309
CK-20 310
CN-7hl 320
100-150
XX-315
2(x)-3 I5
315-42s
20@7OO
700
Not requtred
Nor requtred
Not rrqwred
Not required
Not requtred
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
Not required
590-620 C I I 100. I I .50 n
610-760CtII2S-IXX)~F1.lurc~~~l
610.760C I II25-lUWFj,iurcool
SO-590 T I YOW I IOU Fj. air cool
790 T ( I-150 FI. nun. atr cool
900C I I6iOFt. arc001
Heat to 1120C tIO5OF). cool to ItUOC ( IYOO F). quench
Quench from I OW I I20 C i2OOO-20.50 F)
Llsuall~ unneccssag
Quench from I t2-0 I I20 C I I YOO-2050 F)
llsudl~unnrsrssq
hIidl) uM+XSSLUJ
-UN
Quench from 1070-I 150C t lYS@1100F~
Quench from 1070-I ISOT (IYSO-2100F)
Quench from IOYO- I I.50 C (2000-2 100F)
Quench from IOYO- I I50 C t X00-2 IO0 FJ
Quench from IWO-I 110C t IYW20SOFt
Quench from IOYO- I ISWC (XXI-2lOOF)
Quench from I @X1- I I80 C (X00-2 I SO F)
Quench Tom I 120 T t2050 F)
Note: hletal arc. inert-gas arc. and electroslng \t elding methods can be used. Sugared electrical ssrttngs and electrode rircj for \ arious wctton thicknesses arc:
Section thickness,
mm (in.)
Electrode
diameter, mm (in.)
Current.
A
hbximum m
voltage, V
3.2-6.4 t !+,i) 2.1t3h:l 45-70 2-l
3.2-6.-l (!i-,il 3 2lb) 70. I05 25
3.1-6.4 I &,) 1.01j.3~1 100-140 15
6.4-I 3 Is,-,;)
-
-1.8 13.,(4 I 30- 180 6
?13t.!) 6.4 I I., I 110-290 7
t;11 Lime-<ostrd elrctrodcj are recommended
Cast Stainless Steels / 789
Compositions of ACI Heat-Resistant Casting Alloys
AC1 designation
UNS
number ASTM specfications(a) C
Composition, S(b)
Cr Ni Si (max)
HA
HC
HD
HE
HF
HH
HI
HK
HKSO
HKU)
HL
HN
HP
HP-SOHZ(s)
HT
HI-30
HlI
HH
HX
A217 0.20 max 8-10 I .Oo
19605 A197.A608 0.50 mab 26-30 4 ma\ 2.00
193005 A 97. .A608 0.50 max 26-30 4-7 l?.ca
JY 3403 A297.A608 0.10-0.50 26-30 Y-II 2.00
JY2603 A2Y7.A608 O.O-0.40 IY-23 Y-12 1.00
593.503 4 297. ,460x. AU7 0.~0-0 so 21-28 II-11 1.00
JY4003 AY7.AS67.A608 0.20-0.90 26-30 14-18 2.00
JY127-I A 397.435 I. AS67. A608 0.70-0.60 2-l-28 18-22 2.00
A351 0.25-0.3s 23.0.17.0 19.0-22.0 I .7s
A351 0 35-0.4s 23.0>27 0 lY.0.110 I .7s
J946O-t A297.A608 0.10-0.60 28-32 18-22 XKI
J942 I.3 A:Y7,A608 0.~0-0.50 19-23 23-27 2.00
A 197 Cl 35-0.7s 24-28 33-37 2.ocl
0 -Is-o.ss 24-28 33-37 2.50
194605 A297.A3Sl.AS67.A608 0.35-0.75 13-17 33.37 7.SfJ
A3SI 0.2%0.35 13.0.17.0 33 O-37.0 ?.S(J
A297.A608 0 354.75 17-21 37-41 2.50
A 297. A608 0.50.75 10-l-t 58-62 SO
A297.A608 0.35-O 7s IS-19 M-68 2.50
(a) ASTM deslgnatlons are the same as ACI desipattonl. th t Rem Fe in dl compositions. hlanpanesc content: O.R., to 0.65 5 for HA. 15 for HC. I .Sq for HD. and 2% for the other
alloys. Phosphorusandsulfurcontents: 0.04% tmax) forall hut HP-SOkVZ. hlolvhdenum is tntentionally addcdonl) to HA. u hish hat0.90 to I 70% hlo: maximum forotheralloys
issrtatO.S% MO. HHalsocontainsO.2rL Ntmaxt tcjAIsocontains1to65 W:O.I to I.OQ~Zr.andOO35% Slma~land Ptmax,
General Corrosion Characteristics of Heat-Resistant Cast Steels and Typical Limiting Creep Stress Values at
Indicated Temperatures
Alloj Corrosion characteriskzs
Creep test
temperature
T OF
Limiting creep stress
(0.ooo1 a/h)
MPa hi
HA
HC
HD
HE
HF
HH(a)
HI
HK
HL
HN
HP
HP-SOWZ
HT
HU
HU
HX
Good oxidation resistance to 650 C ( 1200 F): w idrIb used in oil refining industq
Good sulfur and oxidation resistance up to IOYS C I 2OUO F); minimal mechanical propertws:
used in applications where stwngh is not a consideranon or for moderate load lwanng up to
6S0 C t I200 F,
650 I200 21.5 3.1
870 1600 S.15 0.75
Ebcellrnt oxidation and sulfur resistance plus \\sldahili~ 981) 1800
Higher temperature and sulfur resistant capabilities than HD 980 I 80
Excellent general corrosion resistance to 8 IS C i IS00 FI H ith modcrate mechanical propcntes 870 16(x)
High suengh: oxidation resistant to I090 C (2000 F,: most \5 idcly used 980 IS00
lmprotrd owiation resistance compared to HH
Because of itzi high temperature strength. uldely used for strw.ed parts in sbuctural spphsatton>
up to I IS0 C (2 I(x) F): offers good reslstance to sorrosion h) hot ga.w>. mcludmg wlfur-
bearing gases. in hoth oxtdizing and reducing conditions (although HC. HE. and HI are more
resistant in oxidizing gasej): used in illr, ammonia. hydrogen. and molten neutral salt\: m Idell
used for tubes and furnace parts
9x0
IWO
I800
I900
Improved sulfur resistance compared to HK: cspeciall! useful \\ here ewrssi\e ,caline must br
a\ aided
Y8tI
Very high strength at high temperatures. resibtant tooxtdizing and reducing flue g&e\
Resistant to both oxidizing and carhuririnp atmospheres at high temperatures
lmpro~edcrecpmpturcstrrngthat lO9CCt~000F1andaho\ecomparcdtoHP
Hidely used in thermal shocb applications: corrosion resistant in atr. okidizing and redwing
flue gases. carburizing gases. salts. and molten metals: performs satisfactorily up to I I SO C
tZIOOF, in ohidiling atmospheres and up to IO% C (2000 FI in reduang atmosphere>.
provided that limiting creep stress \alurs are not exceeded
Higher hot strength than HTand ohen selected for its superior corroston resIstawe
High hot strength and clectrkal resisti\ Ity: performs satisfactotil) to I I70 C I 20.50 FI in
strongly oudizing atmospheresand up to IWO C I 1900 FI inoxidizing or reducmg product,
ofcombustion that do not contain sulfur: resistant to some 4ts and molten metal<
Resistant to hot-gas corroilon under qcling conditions u hour cracking or \t arpmg: corroston
resistant in air, carhurizing gases. combustion gases. flue gases. h)drogcn. molten qanide.
molten lead. and molten neutral sahsat temperatures up to I ISOC I 2 IOWFI
IO.40
980
IWO
080
Id00
I YW
I800
YJfx)
I800
980
980
Y~(J IX00 II 1.6
6.2 0.9
9.S I .4
27 3.9
7.5 (type I) I.1 (typeI)
11.5 (Iype II) ?.I (type II)
I3 I .9
95 I .1
IS
II
19
1.x
l-l
IS
9.5
2.1
I6
2.8
0.7
2.0
2.2
I .-I
ts~Tlrogrades: type l~frmtr~naustemt~)nnd~)~~ Il~uholl! austrnitickperASThlAU7
790 / Heat Treaters Guide
Typical Room-Temperature Properties of ACI Heat-Resistant Casting Alloys
MOY
Condition
Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation. Eardll~
MPa ksi MPa ksi % ml
HC
HD
HE
HF
HH.t)pel
HH. type Ii
HI
HK
HL
HN
HP
HT
HLI
HH
w
AS-C3St 760 110 51s 75 19
Aged(a) 790 11s 550 80 18
As-cast 585 85 330 -la I6
As-cast 655 95 310 45 20
Aged(a) 620 90 380 55 IO
As-cast 635 92 310 45 38
Aged(a) 690 100 3-E SO 25
As-cast 585 85 31s SO 5
Aged(a) 595 86 380 55 II
As-cast 550 80 27s 40 1s
Aged(a) 635 92 310 4.5 8
As-cast SSO 80 310 35 I2
Aged(a) 620 90 -IS0 65 6
As-cast 515 75 3-E SO I7
Aged(b) 58s 85 315 50 IO
As-cast 56.5 82 3bO 52 I9
As-cast 470 68 2bO 38 13
As-cast 190 71 275 10 II
As-cast 48.s 70 27s 10 IQ
Agedib) 51s 75 310 4s 5
As-cast 485 70 27s 30 9
Aged(c) SO5 73 295 13 5
As-cast 470 68 250 36 4
Aged(d) 580 8-l 360 5 4
As-casr 450 65 250 36 9
Aged(c) SO5 73 30s 4-l 9
223
90
200
270
165
190
I85
200
I80
200
I80
200
170
I90
I92
160
170
I80
200
170
I90
I85
205
176
I85
tar Agingtreatment: 24hat 76OCt 1400F). fumacecool.(b)Agingtrearment: 24hat760GC(I-KWF~,aircool. t~)Agingtreatment: -l8 hatYgOC( 18OOF),aircool.(d)Aging
treatment: 18 h at 980 C ( I800 OF). furnace cool
Representative Short-Term Tensile Properties of Cast Heat-Resistant Alloys at Elevated Temperatures
Alloy
Property at indicated temperature
760% (1JOO~F) 870 C (1600 F) !BoT (MooT)
Ultimate tensile Yield strength at Ultimate tensile Yield strength Ultimate tensile Yield strength
strength 0.2 % offset Elongation, strength at 0.2 5% o&t Elongation, strength at 0.2% of&et Elongation,
MPa ksi hfPa ksi 5% hIPa ksi hiPa ksi 8 hlPa bi hlPa ksi +
HA
HD
HF
HHttjpeI)(c)
HH (type IIMsI
HI
HK
HL
HN
HP
HT
HlI
HH
Hx
4662(a)
248
262
228
258
262
258
345
296
240
75
220
310(d)
6-h~ 220(b) 32t bj
36 ,_. _._ ;; I59 3 ,:: ,,_ I8 ld; IS ::: ::: 40
38 17 25 I6 I15 21 107 IS.5 I6 ___ .., .,. ___ __.
33 117 I7 I8 I27 18.5 93 13.9 30 62 9 43 6.3 45
37.4 136 19.8 I6 1-M 21.5 II0 I6 I8 75 IO.9 SO 7.3 31
38 6 179 26
31.5 I68 21.1 I2 lb1 23 IOI
I2 _.. ,, .,. ..,
I5 lb 8.53 12.4 60 8.7 42
so 210 30.5 I29 18.7 ,,. ___ .__
I40 0 100 11.5 37 83 I2 66 9.6 51
43 200 29 IS 179 26 I21 17.5 27 loo I-l 5 76 II 46
35 I80 26 IO 130 I9 103 I5 2-l 76 II 55 8 28
-lo I35 19.5 20 69 IO 43 6.2 28
32 I58 13 I31 19 103 I5 69 IO 55 8 40
-lStd) 138(d) 20(d) 8(d) I11 20.5 I21 17.5 48 7-1 10.7 17 6.9 30
(31 In tlus instance. test temperature was 5-lOC I 1000F) (b)Test tcmperxure uas 590C I IO95 F). (c~npe land Il perASTh1 AU7 (d)Trst tempennrrew~6650C(1200~
Cast Stainless Steels / 791
Approximate Rates of Corrosion for ACI Heat-Resistant Casting Alloys in Air and in Flue Gas
Alloy
Corrosion rate.mm/yT,at 980% (1WJF)
Oxidation rate in air, mm/yr in flue gas with sulfur content of:
870 oc 980 oc 109OT 0.12 g/m 2.3 g/m
(lmF) ~~~F) ~2~ OF) Oxidizing Reducing Oxidizing Reducing
HB 0.63- 6.25- 12.5 3.5+ 12.5 6.25 I2.5
HC 0.25 I .25 I.25 0.63- 0.63+ 0.63 0.63-
HD 0.25 I .25- I .25- 0.63- 0.63- O.63- 0.63-
HE O.l3- 0.63- 0.88- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63-
HF 0. I3- 1.25+ 2.5 I .25+ XC l.25+ 6.25
HH 0. I3- 0.63- I.25 O.b3- O.b3 0.63 0.63-
HI O.l3- 0.5+ 0.88- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0 63-
HK 0.25- 0.25- 0.88- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63-
HL 0.25+ 0.63- 0.88 0.63- 0.63- 0.63 0.63-
HN 0.13 0.25+ I .25- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63 0.63
HP 0.63- 0.63 I.35 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63-
HT 0.13- 0.25+ I.25 0.63 0.63- 063 2.5
HU O.l3- 0.25- 0.88- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63
HIV O.l3- 0.25- 0.88 0.63 0 63- I .25- 6.25
HX O.l3- O.S- 0.88- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63- 0.63-
Annealing of Ferritic and Austenitic Stainless Steel
Castings
Corrosion Resistance of Heat-Resistant Cast Steels at
980 C (1800 F) in 100 h Tests in Various Atmospheres
Minimum Tensile
temperature strength
YI OF Quench(a) ksi(b) MPa(b)
For full softness
CB-30 790 I-IS0
cc-50 790 1450
For maximum corrosion resistance
CE-30 1095 2ooo
CF-3. CF-3M 1040 1900
CF-8. CF-SC(d) I040 1900
CF-SM.CF-I?M(e) I040 1900
CF- l6F, CF-20 I040 I900
CH-20 1095 2000
CK-20 1095 mlo
CN-7M II20 2050
FCtA(c, 95 655
A 97 669
W.0.A 97 bb9
W.0.A 77 531
W.O.4 77 531
W.0.A 80 552
W.0.A 77 531
W.0.A 88 607
W.0.A 76 52-I
W.0.A 69 476
(a) FC, furnace cool; W. water. 0. oil: A. air. (b) Approximate. (c) Furnace cool to 5-tU
C (IOOOF); then air cool. (d)CF-SC may be reheated to870 to925 C (16OOto I700
F): then air cooled for precipitation of niobium carbides. (e) CF.I2M should be
quenched from a temperature above I095 C (2000 OF).
Corrosion rating(a) in indicated atmosphere
Reducing Reducing flue
flue gas gas cooled to
Oxidizing Reducing Reducing (constant 15OT (3oo~F)
Alloy Air flue gas(b) flue gas(b) flue gas(c) temperature)(d) every I2 h(d)
HA U u
HC G G
HD G G
HE G G
HF S G
HH G G
HI G G
HK G G
HL G G
HN G G
HP G G
HT G G
HU G G
HW G G
HX G G
11
G
G
G
S
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
u
s
S
U
S
S
U
S
U
G
U
u
U
S
U
G
G
S
G
G
tat G. good (corrosion mte r < 1.27 mnuyr. or 50 mils/yr); S. satisfactory (r c 2.5-l
mndyr. or 100 milslw): U. unsatisfacton tr > 2.54 mm/yr. or 100 mils/yr). (b) Con-
tained 2gofsulfur/mr(S grinsS/ICO ftj. (c)Contamed 120gS/mJ(300grainsS/IO0
ftt td~Contained-10gISlnt~ilOO~~insS/lOO~~