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You are here: Home (/) Engineering Guides (/engineering-guides.html) RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8
RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.8 (/engineering-
guides/254-rb-eg-ue301-comparison-asme-b31-1-b31-3-and-b31-8.html)
This is a LIVE STUDY document and will be changed without notice. The content may contain errors and omissions.
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Power piping: typically found in electric power
generating stations, in heating and cooling
systems
Process piping: typically found in petroleum
refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and
paper plants
Gas transportation and
distribution systems: piping
transporting products, predominantly
gas
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Page 1 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Applicable: boiler external piping from first joint
up to and including first block valve for boilers
where:
steam or vapor is generated over 100 kPa
high temperature water over 1103 kPa and/or
temperatures of 120 Celsius
Excluding: fatigue due to pressure cycling
Exclusions:
piping systems pressure above 0 and less
105 kPa nonflammable, nontoxic and not
damaging to human tissues
power boilers covered in BPV code and
external piping covered in B31.1
tubes, tube headers, crossovers and
manifolds of fired heaters
pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps
Including: fatigue due pressure cycling and
thermal cycling
Exclusions:
pressure vessels, heat
exchangers, pumps
metal temperatures below
-28.88 Celsius (-20 F) or over
232.22 Celsius (450 F)
piping beyond customer's meter
set assembly
piping in refineries, natural
gasoline extraction, gas treating
plants
vent piping to substantially
atmospheric pressures
wellhead assemblies
proprietary items such as
equipment
liquid petroleum transportation
systems, slurry transportation,
carbon dioxide and liquefied
natural gas piping systems
Allowable stress:
as per tables in Appendix A
shear to remain below 80%, bearing to
remain below 160% of allowable stress
basis are same as ASME section II Part D
Appendix 1 except for cast iron and ductile
iron
Allowable stress:
as per Table A-1 and A-2
shear to remain below 80%, bearing to
remain below 160% of allowable stress
basis for bolting, cast iron, other material
flanges due to leakage below 75%
allowable stress of unlisted material (not
conforming 323.1.2) can not be used
Allowable stress:
as per table Appendix D times
temperature derating factor in
table 841.116A
Materials: material of unknown specification shall
not be used for pressure containing components
Materials: material of unknown specification shall
not be used for pressure containing components
Materials: material only as per
Appendix A
Quality factor E: depending type of weld,
radiography and material
Quality factor E: depending type of weld,
radiography and material
Quality factor E: depending type of
weld, radiography and material
Factor y: factor depending Ferritic, Austenitic,
Nickel and design temperature
Factor W: weld strength reduction factor Factor W: weld strength reduction factor
Factor f: stress range factor
Factor F: design factor
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calculation.html)
Page 2 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Factor T: temperature derating
factor, compensate material
allowable stress values for
temperature, Table 841.166A
Pipe under internal pressure (104.1.2 and
104.1.4 (in creep)):
P = internal design pressure
D = outside diameter of pipe
SE = maximum allowable stress, including quality
factor
t = minimum required thickness
y = coefficient table 104.1.2A
A = additional thickness to compensate threading,
provide additional strength, corrosion allowance
W = Weld strength reduction factor when in creep
range, is 1 outside creep range (table 102.4.7)
Pipe under internal pressure (304.1.2):
P = internal design pressure
D = outside diameter of pipe
S = stress value for material
E = quality factor
t = pressure design thickness
y = coefficient, also from table 304.1.1
W = Weld strength reduction factor
Pipe under internal pressure
(841.11):
P = internal design pressure
D = nominal outside diameter of pipe
S = specified minimum yield strength
E = longitudinal joint factor, table
841.115A
t = wall thickness
F = design factor from table
841.114A
T = Temperature derating factor
from table 841.116A
0
m
Page 3 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Bend under internal pressure (102.4.5):
pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados
is:
and I for the extrados is:
and at sidewall I = 1.0,
R = radius of pipe bend
Bend under internal pressure (304.2.1):
pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados
is:
and I for the extrados is:
and at sidewall I = 1.0,
R = radius of pipe bend
Bend under internal pressure
(841.231):
For cold bends the deflection of
longitudinal axis and the radius is
limited according table in paragraph
841.231
Hot bends are to be designed and
manufactured according ASME
B16.49, the internal pressure rating
shall not be less than that which is
calculated for straight seamless pipe
and the intrados wall thickness
should be:
where the t the wall thickness of the
pipe is
Elbows under internal pressure (102.4.5):
Elbows manufactured according standards listed
in Table 126.1 are suitable for use at the
pressure-temperature ratings specified by such
standards.
Elbows not according above standards or for
which design formulas and not given in the code
shall be based on calculations consistent with the
design criteria of this code. These calculations
shall be substantiated by one or more of the
means stated in A B C or D of 104.7.2 (Does this
mean or allow that an elbow can be calculated
according a bend with uniform thickness? Refer
B31.3)
Elbows under internal pressure (304.2.1):
Elbows manufactured according standards listed
in Table 326.1 are suitable for use at the
pressure-temperature ratings specified by such
standards.
Elbows not according above standards or for
which design formulas and not given in the code
shall be based on calculations consistent with the
design criteria of this code. These calculations
shall be substantiated by one or more of the
means stated in A B C or D of 304.7.2, or the
elbow can be calculated according the Bend
calculation, refer 304.2.2.
Elbows under internal pressure
(841.231?):
No specific design rules are listed for
fabricated elbows
(Does this mean or allow that an
elbow can be calculated according a
bend with uniform thickness? Refer
B31.3)
Page 4 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Miter bends under internal pressure (104.3.3):
1. Only straight pipe calculations required if:
2. Pressure shall be limited to 70 kPa if:
or
and thickness is not less than required for straight
pipe
3. Pressure shall be limited to 700 kPa if:
and
and thickness is not less than required for straight
pipe
4. For pressure over 700 kPa: proof test, FEA, etc
required with a defined minimum for closely
spaced and widely spaced miter bend
Miter bends under internal pressure (304.2.3):
1. When theta =< 22.5 deg than max. allowable
pressure shall be the lesser of (t = T - c):
and
2. When theta > 22.5 deg than max. allowable
pressure shall calculated as (t = T - c):
For all miter bends the R1 shall not be less than:
with A:
(T-c) =< 13 mm A = 25
13 < (T-c) =< 22 mm A = 2(T-c)
(T-c) > 22 mm A = 2(T-c)/3 + 30
Miter bends under internal
pressure (841.232):
1. If system hoop stress > 40% of
specified minimum yield strength
miter bends are not permitted.
Deflections caused by misalignment
up to 3 deg are not considered as
miters.
2. If 10% < hoop stress < 40%
SMYS the deflection of each miter
shall not exceed 12.5 deg.
3. If hoop stress < 10% SMYS the
total deflection angle shall not
exceed 90 deg.
4. If hoop stress > 10% SMYS the
distance measured at the crotch
shall not be less than one pipe
diameter
Page 5 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Reducer under internal pressure (104.6):
1. Flanged reducer according Table 126.1 are
considered suitable at the specified pressure
temperature ratings.
2. Where butt welding reducers are made to a
nominal pipe thickness, the reducers shall be
considered suitable for use with pipe of the same
nominal thickness.
3. Components not covered by the standards
listed in Table 126.1 shall be based on calculation
consistent with this code. Calculations are to be
substantiated by one of:
- extensive, successful service experience
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- detailed stress analysis, such as finite element
analysis
(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)
Reducer under internal pressure (304.6.1(b)):
1. Reducers according Table 326.1 shall be
considered suitable for use at established
pressure-temperature ratings or corresponding
straight pipe with 87.5% of nominal wall
thickness.
2. Concentric reducers not listed in Table 326.1
may be designed according closures as per
ASME VIII div.1
3. Eccentric reducers not listed in Table 326.1 are
qualified as unlisted components and shall be
designed and documented substantiated by one
of:
- extensive, successful service experience
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- detailed stress analysis, such as finite element
analysis
(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)
Reducer under internal pressure
(831.373):
1. Steel butt welded fittings shall
comply with ASME B16.9 or MSS
Standard Practice and shall have
pressure and temperature ratings
based on stresses for pipe of the
same of equivalent material
(831.31b)
2. Other pressure containing
components shall be designed the
according design philosophy of this
code substantiated by one of:
- extensive, successful service
experience
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- engineering calculations
3. Closure heads such as flat,
ellipsoidal, spherical or conical
heads are allowed for use under this
code. Such items may be designed
in accordance with ASME VIII div.1
(UG32).
Page 6 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Stubon under internal pressure (104.3.1(D)):
Required reinforcement area is
= angle between branch and run
with A is additional
thickness for corrosion and tolerances, tmh from
straight pipe calculation (104.1.2)
header excess
area, with
branch excess
tr is reinforcement pad thickness
weld area
area reinforcement ring
area saddle on right angle connections
Assessment:
Area A2,A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the
ratio of allowable working stress, maximum
multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 104.3.1(D.2.3))
Stubon under internal pressure (304.3.3):
Required reinforcement area is
= angle between branch and run
excess header,
with
attached reinforcement, weld area and
other area
Assessment:
Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the ratio
of allowable working stress, maximum
multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))
If
then assess
If then assess
Stubon under internal pressure
(831.4 and app. F):
Required reinforcement area is (Fig.
F-5):
reinforcement by
header
reinforcement
by branch with
attached reinforcement, weld
area and other area
Assessment:
Area A2 and A3 to be multiplied by
the ratio of allowable working stress,
maximum multiplication factor is 1.0
(para. 831.4(f))
Page 7 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure
(104.3.1(G)):
Required reinforcement area is
K = 1.0 when
K = when
K = 0.7 when
reinforcement by header
reinforcement by branch
with
excess branch area
Assessment:
Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure
(304.3.4):
Required reinforcement area is
K = 1.0 when
K = when
K = 0.7 when
reinforcement
by header
reinforcement by
branch with
excess branch area
Assessment:
If then assess
If then assess
Tee (extruded outlet) under
internal pressure (831.4 ref. App.
F):
Required reinforcement area is
K = 1.0 when d/D > 0.60
K = 0.6+(2d)/(3D) when 0.15 < d/D
<= 0.60
K = 0.7 when d/D <= 0.15
reinforcement
by header
reinforcement
by branch with
excess
branch area
Assessment:
Page 8 of 11
7/16/2014
ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure
(104.3.1(D)):
Required reinforcement area is
reinforcement by header,
with
reinforcement by branch
with
with
= thickness pad or height of 60 deg angle
fitting with in reinforcement material
= area provided by deposited weld metal
excess weldolet area in reinforcement
zone
Assessment:
Area A2,A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the
ratio of allowable working stress, maximum
multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 104.3.1(D.2.3))
Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure
(304.3.3):
Required reinforcement area is
reinforcement
by header, with
reinforcement by
branch with
with
= thickness pad or a height of 0
= area provided by deposited weld metal
and attached reinforcement
Assessment:
Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the ratio
of allowable working stress, maximum
multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))
Weldolet (branch) under internal
pressure (831.4 ref. App. F):
Required reinforcement area is (Fig.
F-5):
reinforcement by
header
reinforcement
by branch with
attached reinforcement, weld
area and other area
Assessment:
Area A2 and A3 to be multiplied by
the ratio of allowable working stress,
maximum multiplication factor is 1.0
(para. 831.4(f))
Cap under internal pressure (104.4.1(B)):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32
app.1-4
L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or
Cap under internal pressure (304.4.1(b)):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32
app.1-4
L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or
Cap under internal pressure
(831.372 and 831.373):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII
div.1 UG-32 app.1-4
L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or
Page 9 of 11
7/16/2014
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ASME B31.1 (2008) ASME B31.3 (2008) ASME B31.8 (2007)
Flat closure under internal pressure (104.4.1
(b)):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34

Flat closure under internal pressure (304.4.1

(b)):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34

Flat closure under internal

pressure (831.373):
Can be calculated with ASME VIII
div.1 UG 34

Flange under internal pressure (104.5.1(B)):

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 app.
2 using B31.3 allowable stresses and
temperature limits with:
= design gauge pressure
= bolt design stress at atmospheric
temperature
= bolt design stress at design temperature
= product SE
Flange under internal pressure (304.5.1(b)):
Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 app.
2 using B31.3 allowable stresses and
temperature limits with:
= design gauge pressure
= bolt design stress at atmospheric
temperature
= bolt design stress at design temperature
= product SEW
Flange under internal pressure
(831.2):
Allowed to use:
ASME B16 series as listed in
Appendix A such as B16.5.
Also MSS SP-44.
For slip-on welding flanges
reference is made to ASME VIII div.1
design.
Can ASME VIII div.1 be used for
calculation?
Blind flange under internal pressure (104.5.2
(B)):
Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 UG-
34 with:
= sum of allowances
= internal design gauge pressure
= product SE
= pressure design thickness as per ASME
VIII div. 1 UG-34
Blind flange under internal pressure (304.5.2
(b)):
Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 UG-
34 with:
= sum of allowances
= internal design gauge pressure
= product SEW
= pressure design thickness as per ASME
VIII div. 1 UG-34
Blind flange under internal
pressure:
Can ASME VIII div.1 be used?
Blanks (spade) under internal pressure
(304.5.3(B)):
= sum of allowances
= inside diameter of gasket
Blanks (spade) under internal pressure
(304.5.3(b)):
= sum of allowances
= inside diameter of gasket
Blanks (spade) under internal
pressure:
Can ASME VIII div.1 be used?
Page 10 of 11
7/16/2014