Office for the Coordination

Of Humanitarian Affairs
United Nations
Disaster Assessment
And Coordination
UNDAC
Field Handbook
United Nations
3 Edition (printed 2!
0
"able of Content
Table of Content..............................................................................................................................................1
A# $%EFACE######################################################################################################23
A.1. Introduction to the Handbook (p.1).........................................................................................23
A.2. How to contact OCHA (p.2.)....................................................................................................24
&# OCHA'( %O)E *N COO%D*NA"*ON############################################################2+
.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................2!
.1.1 Coordination i" #""ential and I$portant................................................................................2!
%articipator&.................................................................................................................................................3'
I$partial........................................................................................................................................................3'
Tran"parent...................................................................................................................................................31
.2 (ield Coordination )andate* +oal and Ob,ecti-e"...................................................................31
. 2. 1.OCHA." )andate..............................................................................................................................31
.2.2 OCHA field/ba"ed +oal and Ob,ecti-e"..................................................................................32
(ield 0ba"ed +oal.........................................................................................................................................32
(ield/ba"ed Ob,ecti-e".................................................................................................................................34
.3 (ield Coordination (unction".......................................................................................................31
O-er-iew........................................................................................................................................................31
The Coordinator." Office.............................................................................................................................32
.3.1 OCHA %ri$ar& Coordination (unction"................................................................................33
.3.2 OCHA Au4iliar& Coordination (unction"..............................................................................3!
.3.3 %rincipal (iled Coordination Acti-itie"...................................................................................35
A""e"".............................................................................................................................................................35
%lan................................................................................................................................................................35
)obili6e.........................................................................................................................................................4'
7irect..............................................................................................................................................................4'
1
)onitor..........................................................................................................................................................4'
8eport............................................................................................................................................................4'
9iai"e..............................................................................................................................................................41
.4 OCHA Countr& 9e-el Coordination :tructure".........................................................................41
.4.1 The OCHA 8epre"entati-e.......................................................................................................41
;< 8e"ident Coordinator............................................................................................................................41
Hu$anitarian Coordinator.........................................................................................................................42
9ead A=enc& a" Coordinator.......................................................................................................................42
.4.2 (iled Coordination ;nit............................................................................................................42
.4.3 The Operation" Coordination Centre......................................................................................43
.4.4 8e=ional Coordination )echani"$.........................................................................................43
.4.1 :i$ultaneou" Hu$anitarian* :ecurit&* and 7e-elop$ent Operation"................................44
.1. Coordination (ora.....................................................................................................................44
.1.1 9ocal Authoritie".......................................................................................................................44
.1.2 ;nited <ation" 7i"a"ter )ana=e$ent Tea$...........................................................................41
.1.3 :ectoral Coordination...............................................................................................................42
.1.4 )ilitar& >Hu$anitarian Operation" Interface.......................................................................42
.1.1 <+O Coordinatin= Council"....................................................................................................43
.1.2 7onor Council"..........................................................................................................................43
.2 ?ariation" etween <atural 7i"a"ter" and Co$ple4 #$er=encie"...........................................43
The 8ole of the <ational +o-ern$ent> :tate.............................................................................................4!
C# UN*"ED NA"*ON( D*(A("E% A((E((,EN" AND COO%D*NA"*ON
(UNDAC ! (-("E,##############################################################################################./
C.1. Concept.......................................................................................................................................45
Added ?alue..................................................................................................................................................1'
;<7AC 8e=ional Tea$"..............................................................................................................................1'
Tri==er" for )obili6ation of the ;<7AC Tea$........................................................................................1'
C.2 ;<7AC :tandard Ter$" of 8eference........................................................................................11
2
C.3 The ;<7AC )i""ion C&cle...........................................................................................................13
1. ;<7AC $e$ber." Awarene"" (pre/$i""ion info).......................................................................13
2. %er"onal preparation a" an ;<7AC tea$ $e$ber....................................................................14
3. ;<7AC $obili6ation.....................................................................................................................14
4. 7eplo&$ent.....................................................................................................................................11
1. Arri-al in countr&..........................................................................................................................11
2. Orientation pha"e.................................................................................................................................11
3. %lan of action..................................................................................................................................12
!. #4ecution.........................................................................................................................................12
5. Con"olidation %ha"e.......................................................................................................................15
1'. ;<7AC tea$ 7i"en=a=e$ent (pullin=/ out )%ha"e....................................................................15
11. +ene-a debrief................................................................................................................................15
9e""on" learned fro$ the )i""ion...............................................................................................................2'
C.4 :kill" needed fro$ ;<7AC $e$ber"..........................................................................................2'
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................2'
D# ,O&*)*0A"*ON AND ,*((*ON######################################################################12
Ad$ini"trator...............................................................................................................................................22
7.1. :tandard )obili6in= %rocedure..........................................................................................................22
7. 1.1 )obili6ation.......................................................................................................................................22
Infor$ation ().').........................................................................................................................................22
Alert ().1).....................................................................................................................................................23
:tand 0b& ().2)............................................................................................................................................23
7i"patch ().3a).............................................................................................................................................24
7.1.2 :tand 0down ().3b)..................................................................................................................21
7.1.3 Ter$ination of )i""ion.............................................................................................................21
7.1.4 Te"t ($.1/ te"t and $.2/ te"t).....................................................................................................21
7.2 %er"onal %reparedne"" Checkli"t..................................................................................................22
3
7.2.1 7ocu$ent"..................................................................................................................................23
7.2.2 %er"onal and Tea$ Ite$"..........................................................................................................23
+eneral..........................................................................................................................................................23
@ar$ @eather..............................................................................................................................................2!
Cold @eather................................................................................................................................................2!
)edical>Health..............................................................................................................................................25
Optional.........................................................................................................................................................3'
Ite$" Included in ?ariou" ;<7AC )i""ion :upport #Auip$ent...........................................................3'
7.2.3 ?accination"...............................................................................................................................3'
7.2.4 Tea$ 9eader Checkli"t.............................................................................................................31
7.3 Collection of a"eline 7ata............................................................................................................32
7.3.1 The ;<7AC riefin= (ile........................................................................................................32
Content".........................................................................................................................................................32
7.3.2 Additional Infor$ation (carried b& the tea$ leader)............................................................33
7.4. International Tra-el..................................................................................................................34
Tra-el docu$ent"..........................................................................................................................................34
)one&............................................................................................................................................................34
)ar"hallin=...................................................................................................................................................31
Tra-el.............................................................................................................................................................31
9u==a=e.........................................................................................................................................................31
7.1. %lan of Action.............................................................................................................................32
7.1.1 Content.......................................................................................................................................32
7.1.2 Operation" briefin=...................................................................................................................35
7.2 Arri-al and (ir"t :tep"..................................................................................................................!'
7.2.1 Initial riefin= b& the ;<7AC Tea$ to the ;< 8e"ident Coordinator of 7)T................!2
+eneral..........................................................................................................................................................!2
%reparation for the riefin=........................................................................................................................!2
A"pect" to be co-ered durin= the riefin=..................................................................................................!3
4
7o." 7on.t" while briefin= the 7)T>8e"ident Coordinator....................................................................!4
7.3 )i""ion :upport.............................................................................................................................!1
7.! 8adio Co$$unication %rocedure"...............................................................................................!1
7.!.1 %reparin= the :et for Operation..............................................................................................!2
%honetic Alphabet and <u$berin=.............................................................................................................!2
%rocedure @ord"..........................................................................................................................................!!
#4a$ple of 8adio Con-er"ation..................................................................................................................5'
#4a$ple of (or$al )e""a=e........................................................................................................................5'
8eport of 8eception......................................................................................................................................51
7.5. :afet& and :ecurit&....................................................................................................................52
7.5.1 ;nited <ation" :ecurit&............................................................................................................53
%ha"e I 0%recautionar&................................................................................................................................52
%ha"e II 0 8e"tricted )o-e$ent.................................................................................................................52
%ha"e III/ 8elocation....................................................................................................................................52
%ha"e I?/ %ro=ra$$e :u"pen"ion..............................................................................................................53
%ha"e ?/ #-acuation.....................................................................................................................................53
7.5.2 Tea$ :afet& >:ecurit&................................................................................................................53
+eneral..........................................................................................................................................................5!
At Tea$ a"e.................................................................................................................................................55
In the (ield..................................................................................................................................................1''
7.5.3 %er"onal :afet&>:ecurit&.........................................................................................................1'3
7.5.4 )ine" %recaution"...................................................................................................................1'2
A-oidin= )ine"...........................................................................................................................................1'2
If the @or"t Happen".................................................................................................................................1'!
7.5.1 #-acuation %lan.......................................................................................................................111
7.1' )edical #-acuation................................................................................................................111
7.1'.1 In,ur& or death of ;<7AC )e$ber.............................................................................................112
7.11 )i""ion #nd..............................................................................................................................114
5
7.11.1 )i""ion #nd/ In countr&.................................................................................................................114
7.11.2 )i""ion #nd/ OCHA 0+ene-a.......................................................................................................114
)i""ion 7ebrief...........................................................................................................................................114
Ad$ini"trati-e )atter"..............................................................................................................................112
Infor$ation )eetin=..................................................................................................................................113
)i""ion 8eport............................................................................................................................................113
7.12. )i""ion 8eport..................................................................................................................................113
+eneral.........................................................................................................................................................113
The (or$at..................................................................................................................................................113
E# D*(A("E% A((E((,EN"#########################################################################222
#.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................121
%urpo"e of ;<7AC A""e""$ent................................................................................................................121
#.1.1 :cope of ;<7AC A""e""$ent.................................................................................................121
a. Initial or 8apid A""e""$ent.........................................................................................................121
b. :ituation>7i"a"ter A""e""$ent.....................................................................................................122
c. <eed" A""e""$ent.........................................................................................................................122
d. In/depth or :ectoral A""e""$ent.................................................................................................123
#.1.2 A""e""$ent 8eco$$endation" and their I$pact on 8eco-er&...........................................123
#.2 )ethodolo=& and %lannin=.........................................................................................................124
#.2.1 Be&" to :ucce""ful A""e""$ent.........................................................................................................124
Identif& Infor$ation That i" ?ital for the ;"er"......................................................................................124
Appl& :tandard" > Indicator"....................................................................................................................124
Ti$in= of the A""e""$ent...........................................................................................................................121
7eter$ine the e"t %lace" to Obtain Accurate Infor$ation..................................................................121
7i"tin=ui"h etween #$er=enc& and Chronic <eed".............................................................................121
;:# 8eco=ni6ed Ter$inolo=&* :tandard" and %rocedure"....................................................................122
Con"ider Countr&/:pecific :en"iti-itie"...................................................................................................122
6
#.2.2 A""e""$ent %roce""..................................................................................................................122
1. %lannin=........................................................................................................................................122
2. )onitorin=....................................................................................................................................131
#.3 %rinciple" for A""e""$ent............................................................................................................131
#.3.1 +eneral %rinciple" b& :ector..................................................................................................131
Health...........................................................................................................................................................131
:helter and %er"onal Hou"ehold <eed"....................................................................................................132
@ater and :anitation..................................................................................................................................133
(ood and <utrition.....................................................................................................................................133
7i"placed %er"on" Ca$p"C :ite :election* %lannin= and :helter...........................................................134
;rban :earch and 8e"cue (:A8)..............................................................................................................134
#.4 @ater and :anitation...................................................................................................................131
#.4.1 7i"placed %opulation :ituation..............................................................................................131
#.4.2 @ater :&"te$ di"ruption........................................................................................................132
#.4.3 :anitation 0 7i"placed %opulation "ituation.........................................................................132
#.4.4 <on di"placed %opulation :ituation.......................................................................................133
#.1 (ood Aid and <utrition................................................................................................................133
#.1.1 (ood..........................................................................................................................................133
a"eline 7ata...............................................................................................................................................133
#ffect" of the #-ent on (ood......................................................................................................................133
(ood A-ailabilit&.........................................................................................................................................13!
:ocial and )arket I$pact of (ood Aid....................................................................................................135
Other............................................................................................................................................................135
#.1.2 A=riculture...............................................................................................................................135
a"eline 7ata...............................................................................................................................................135
#ffect of the #-ent on A=riculture............................................................................................................141
Other............................................................................................................................................................142
#.1.3 <utrition...................................................................................................................................142
7
#.2 :helter...........................................................................................................................................143
#.2.1 Affected %opulation %rofile....................................................................................................143
#.2.2 )aterial"..................................................................................................................................143
#.2.3 7i"tribution..............................................................................................................................144
#.3 Health............................................................................................................................................141
Health...........................................................................................................................................................141
#.! Infra"tructure...............................................................................................................................143
#.!.1 Co$$unication"......................................................................................................................14!
#.!.2 #lectric %ower..........................................................................................................................11'
#.!.3 @ater>:ewa=e..........................................................................................................................111
#.!.4 H&dro (acilitie" (H&droelectric* Irri=ation)..........................................................................112
#.!.1 8oad" and rid=e"...................................................................................................................113
#.5 A""e""$ent Checkli"t"..................................................................................................................114
#.5.1 ?icti$"> 7i"placed %opulation %rofile...................................................................................114
+eneral Characteri"tic".............................................................................................................................114
#.5.2 +eneral A""e""$ent Checkli"t................................................................................................111
<ature of 7i"a"ter.......................................................................................................................................111
Affected Area".............................................................................................................................................112
<ational Authoritie"...................................................................................................................................113
7a$a=e........................................................................................................................................................11!
A. uildin=.........................................................................................................................................11!
. 9ifeline" and critical facilitie" (9C()..........................................................................................115
(%ri$aril& road" and $ean" of co$$unication" to affected area)........................................................115
C. A=riculture and fi"herie".............................................................................................................121
:econdar& Threat"......................................................................................................................................123
#ffect" on %opulation.................................................................................................................................123
On/"ite le-el international re"pon"e..........................................................................................................12!
A""i"tance reAuire$ent..............................................................................................................................13'
8
)ean" of deli-er& of international a""i"tance..........................................................................................132
Other infor$ation.......................................................................................................................................132
#.5.3 Health :tatu"............................................................................................................................133
#.5.4 Capacit& and A""et".................................................................................................................133
Capacitie"....................................................................................................................................................133
A""et"...........................................................................................................................................................133
#.5.1 ;<7AC :tandard :ur-e& (or$............................................................................................134
#.5.2 Contact %oint"..........................................................................................................................132
#.1' Table"...................................................................................................................................................133
#.1'.1 #$er=enc& Indicator" and )ini$u$ :tandard"........................................................................133
#.1'.2 @ater <eed" for 7i"placed %er"on"...............................................................................................13!
#.1'.3 @ei=ht 0for/Hei=ht #4pre""ed a" a %ercenta=e of )edian @ei=ht............................................135
#.1'.4 #4a$ple" of "ur-i-al (ood 8ation".......................................................................................1!'
#.1'.1 #4a$ple of %lannin= fi=ure" to 7eter$ine (ood <eed........................................................1!'
#.1'.2 Appro4i$ate <utritional ?alue" of Co$$oditie"...........................................................1!1
F# COO%D*NA"*ON *N "HE F*E)D################################################################233
(.1 #"tabli"hin= a Coordination Centre...........................................................................................1!3
:tructure......................................................................................................................................................1!3
:taffin=.........................................................................................................................................................1!3
:upport 8eAuire$ent"...............................................................................................................................1!4
(.1.3 An O:OCC in an earthAuake................................................................................................1!1
(.1.4 Coordination without a Centre..............................................................................................1!1
(.2 Coordination TechniAue" and Trouble :hootin=.......................................................................1!2
(.2.1TechniAue"...........................................................................................................................................1!2
%ro$ote an ;nder"tandin= of Collaboratin= Or=ani6ation".................................................................1!2
)ake the 9inka=e".....................................................................................................................................1!3
%ro$ote Tran"parenc&...............................................................................................................................1!3
9
:tart with the <eed" of Other"..................................................................................................................1!!
Clarif& Coordination %ara$eter" and Acti-itie".....................................................................................1!!
:ecure Co$$it$ent of :taff and Other 8e"ource" for Coordination...................................................1!!
@rite It 7own.............................................................................................................................................1!5
In-ol-e the 8i=ht %eople and Or=ani6ation" in Appropriate 8ole".......................................................1!5
Beep the all 8ollin=..................................................................................................................................1!5
8e"pect %eople." Ti$e and :chedule".......................................................................................................15'
Attack :$all %roble$" before the& +row................................................................................................15'
%ro-ide ;"eful Infor$ation and :er-ice".................................................................................................15'
uild on :tren=th"......................................................................................................................................151
<o :urpri"e"................................................................................................................................................151
Train Other" to Take O-er (unction".......................................................................................................151
Thank %eople and Acknowled=e Their Contribution.............................................................................152
Ha-e a %art&................................................................................................................................................152
(.2.2 Coordination arrier".............................................................................................................152
(.2.3 OCHA Coordination (unction" Checkli"t"...........................................................................153
Operation"> %ro=ra$$e Coordination.....................................................................................................153
9iai"on.........................................................................................................................................................151
Teleco$$unication"...................................................................................................................................152
9o=i"tic".......................................................................................................................................................153
:ecurit&........................................................................................................................................................15!
(.2.4 #4a$ple of coordination Centre e"tabli"hed durin= the flood" in )o6a$biAue..............155
:tructure......................................................................................................................................................155
7ail& 11'' hr" coordination briefin=........................................................................................................155
7ail& A=enda...............................................................................................................................................2''
(unction" of the "ector de"k".....................................................................................................................2''
(.3 :tructure and #"tabli"h$ent of an On "ite Operation" Coordination Centre (O:OCC).....2'1
(.3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................2'1
10
+eneral........................................................................................................................................................2'1
(.3.2. O:OCC :tructure...................................................................................................................2'2
O:OCC )ana=e$ent................................................................................................................................2'3
O:OCC :upport.........................................................................................................................................2'3
)ana=e$ent................................................................................................................................................2'2
:upport........................................................................................................................................................2'3
Infor$ation Collection > 7i""e$ination....................................................................................................2'3
O:OCC :taffin=.........................................................................................................................................2'5
O:OCC #Auip$ent....................................................................................................................................211
(.3.3 Co$$on )i"take" durin= the "et/up of the O:OCC...........................................................211
%lannin= for the O:OCC...........................................................................................................................211
:etup of O:OCC.........................................................................................................................................212
8elation with <ational>local authoritie"...................................................................................................213
8elation with international 8elief Actor".................................................................................................213
9iai"on Officer"...........................................................................................................................................213
Infor$ation #4chan=e................................................................................................................................214
(.3.4 #4a$ple for the a""i=n$ent of ta"k" for O:OCC "taff........................................................214
(.4 @orkin= with the )ilitar& in the (ield......................................................................................213
7i"a"ter 8elief.............................................................................................................................................213
Characteri"tic" of )ilitar& Culture..........................................................................................................213
1. Or=ani6ational Culture................................................................................................................213
2. )eetin="........................................................................................................................................215
3. Coordination.................................................................................................................................215
4. Operational ?iew of the )i""ion.................................................................................................215
1. 7eplo&$ent...................................................................................................................................22'
4# *NFO%,A"*ON ,ANA4E,EN"################################################################222
+.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................221
11
+.2 ;<7AC 8eportin= and :itrep"...................................................................................................222
+.2.1 %olic&........................................................................................................................................222
+.2.2 The 8eportin= :&"te$.............................................................................................................223
;<7AC :ituation 8eport".........................................................................................................................223
(ield :ituation 8eport"..............................................................................................................................223
#nd of )i""ion 8eport...............................................................................................................................224
+.2.3 ;<7AC :ituation 8eport.......................................................................................................224
+eneral........................................................................................................................................................224
+.2.4 (or$at of ;<7AC :ituation 8eport.....................................................................................221
(or$at.........................................................................................................................................................221
+.3 Infor$ation +atherin= and Anal&"i"..........................................................................................223
+.3.1 +eneral.....................................................................................................................................223
+.3.2 Infor$ation :ource"................................................................................................................223
%rinciple" for A""e""$ent...........................................................................................................................22!
In-ol-e$ent of ;< A=encie"......................................................................................................................22!
Collaboration with <ational>9ocal Authoritie".......................................................................................22!
#4pert Ad-ice..............................................................................................................................................225
Cultural Acceptance and Co$$unit& %articipation...............................................................................225
8eliabilit& and Credibilit& of Infor$ation :ource".................................................................................225
+.3.3 interpretation and (oreca"tin=...............................................................................................231
+.3.4 %re"entation of Infor$ation in the O:OCC.........................................................................231
1. A 9o= ook...................................................................................................................................231
2. An Infor$ation )ap....................................................................................................................232
4. A <otice oard.............................................................................................................................233
1. Coordination >Infor$ation $eetin="..........................................................................................233
2. Contact with OCHA HeadAuarter"............................................................................................234
+.4 Contact" with )edia....................................................................................................................231
+.4.1 +eneral.....................................................................................................................................231
12
+.4.2 %olic&........................................................................................................................................231
+.4.3 8ule" 8e=ardin= )edia..........................................................................................................232
%reparation..................................................................................................................................................232
8ule for dealin= with 8eporter"................................................................................................................233
(ollow/up.....................................................................................................................................................23!
+.1. Infor$ation Output"..........................................................................................................................235
+.2 %reparation of Appeal"................................................................................................................235
+.2.1 )obili6in= the International Co$$unit&.............................................................................235
+.2.2 Appeal" related to natural di"a"ter"......................................................................................24'
+.2.3 #4a$ple" of <atural 7i"a"ter Appeal"..................................................................................241
+.2.4 China (lood" 0 :epte$ber 155!.............................................................................................241
CH*NA 5 F)OOD(##############################################################################################2.2
;nited <ational Inter/A=enc& Appeal for #$er=enc& 8elief.................................................................242
and Initial 8ehabilitation...........................................................................................................................242
1. Ob,ecti-e.......................................................................................................................................242
2. :u$$ar& of the appeal................................................................................................................242
3. 7i"a"ter i$pact.............................................................................................................................244
4. %riorit& e$er=enc& need" and reAuire$ent" b& "ector.............................................................241
4.1 :helter...........................................................................................................................................241
4.2 (ood...............................................................................................................................................243
4.3 Health............................................................................................................................................245
4.4 @ater and :anitation...................................................................................................................211
4.1 A=riculture....................................................................................................................................213
4.2 Initial rehabilitation of e""ential facilitie" in Dian=4i* Hunan* and Hubei pro-ince".............211
4.3 #ducation......................................................................................................................................212
4.! Coordination and $ana=e$ent..................................................................................................213
1. :u$$ar& table on reAuire$ent" b& "ector................................................................................22'
13
2. I$ple$entation arran=e$ent"....................................................................................................221
+.2.1 )o6a$biAue (lood" 0 (ebruar& 1555...................................................................................222
II O?#8?I#@.................................................................................................................................222
1. Appeal Ob,ecti-e..........................................................................................................................222
2. I$pact of the di"a"ter..................................................................................................................224
3. :trate=& and %rioritie" of the Hu$anitarian 8elief Operation...............................................222
%ha"e I..........................................................................................................................................................223
%ha"e 2 (toward" 3
rd
week of (ebruar&).........................................................................................223
%ha"e 3.........................................................................................................................................................22!
4. 9o=i"tic" "ituation> Infra"tructure..............................................................................................225
1. %riorit& e$er=enc& need" and reAuire$ent" b& "ector.............................................................23'
1.1 (ood...............................................................................................................................................231
1.2 Health............................................................................................................................................234
8e"pon"ibilit& for i$ple$entation............................................................................................................232
1.3 @ater and :anitation...................................................................................................................233
1.4 :helter...........................................................................................................................................235
1.1 A=riculture....................................................................................................................................2!1
1.2 #ducation......................................................................................................................................2!3
1.3 Co$$unication"...........................................................................................................................2!1
1.! Co/ordination and )ana=e$ent.................................................................................................2!2
8ed Cro"" Action........................................................................................................................................2!5
8oad" and rid=e"......................................................................................................................................251
8ailwa&........................................................................................................................................................252
#lectricit& network.....................................................................................................................................252
8e"ettle$ent 8eAuire$ent"......................................................................................................................253
H&draulic "tructure" and flood $ana=e$ent..........................................................................................253
:tructure......................................................................................................................................................254
7ail& 11''hr" Co/ordination briefin=.......................................................................................................254
14
7ail& A=enda...............................................................................................................................................251
Announce$ent" of financial and>or in 0kind donation".........................................................................251
+.3. Anne4...................................................................................................................................................252
+.3.1. Ite$" which $a& be included in :itrep..........................................................................................252
A. <ational re"pon"e.........................................................................................................................252
. International re"pon"e.................................................................................................................253
#"ti$ated <eed" for A""i"tance.................................................................................................................255
)ean" of 7eli-erin= International A""i"tance.........................................................................................3''
%ro"pect"......................................................................................................................................................3'1
+.3.2.;< In"truction" re=ardin= co$$unication with the %re""/ (cop& of $e$orandu$ of 2! April
1555 fro$ the ;< :ecretar&/ +eneral).....................................................................................................3'1
UN*"ED NA"*ON( (EC%E"A%*A" %E)A"*ON( 6*"H "HE ,ED*A##############33
The %olic&....................................................................................................................................................3'3
:peakin= to the pre""..................................................................................................................................3'3
:en"iti-e I""ued...........................................................................................................................................3'4
:harin= Infor$ation...................................................................................................................................3'1
+round 8ule"..............................................................................................................................................3'1
H# U%&AN (EA%CH AND %E(CUE###############################################################31
H.1. 8e"pon"ibilitie" of partner" in-ol-ed in international urban :earch and 8e"cue operation"
3'2
Introduction................................................................................................................................................3'2
H.2. a"ic (act"...........................................................................................................................................31'
H.2.1 T&pe of Con"truction and Collap"e %rofile...........................................................................31'
H.2.2. uildin= Occupanc&........................................................................................................................311
H.2.3 Ha6ard"..............................................................................................................................................311
H.2.4. Ti$e (actor.....................................................................................................................................311
H.2.1. :earch and 8e"cue %ha"e" After an #arthAuake..........................................................................311
H.3 A""e""$ent and 8e"pon"e...................................................................................................................312
15
H.3.1. :earch and 8e"cue A""e""$ent Checkli"t.....................................................................................314
H.4. 7utie" of an O:OCC "upportin= :A8 tea$" after an earthAuake after an earthAuake.............312
Introduction................................................................................................................................................312
H.4.1. Operational Checkli"t for Action" to be taken while e"tabli"hin= an O:OCC for :A8
operation"....................................................................................................................................................322
H.1. Anne4...................................................................................................................................................324
Introduction................................................................................................................................................324
:i=nallin=.....................................................................................................................................................331
On/:ite :i=nalin=> Alertin=........................................................................................................................331
Crane Hand :i=nal"....................................................................................................................................332
*# UNDAC AND OCHA (U$$O%" %E(OU%CE(#########################################33+
I.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................333
I.2 Hu$an 8e"ource".........................................................................................................................33!
I.3 ;<7AC #Auip$ent :upport......................................................................................................335
I.3.1 %rinciple" for for$ulatin= :upport for ;<7AC )i""ion..............................................................335
I.3.2 )i""ion #Auip$ent............................................................................................................................34'
I.3.3 8e"ource %ro-ider" #Auip$ent )odule"........................................................................................34'
I.3.4 )odule................................................................................................................................................341
I.3.1. Au=$ented )odule...........................................................................................................................343
I.3.2. Co$ple4 #$er=enc& :upport #Auip$ent )odule........................................................................344
I.4.Additional "er-ice" pro-ided b& OCHA."...........................................................................................341
7i"a"ter 8e"pon"e ranch..........................................................................................................................341
I.4.1. #$er=enc& Ca"h +rant....................................................................................................................342
I.4.2 Channel for 7onor Contribution"....................................................................................................342
I.4.3 @arehou"e of #$er=enc& related Ite$"..........................................................................................342
I.4.4. :earch and 8e"cue (:A8) tea$"......................................................................................................343
I.4.1. #$er=enc& Teleco$$unication".....................................................................................................343
I.4.2 Technical and 9o=i"tic" 8e"ource"....................................................................................................34!
16
I.4.3 #n-iron$ental #$er=encie".............................................................................................................34!
I.4.!. Central 8e=i"ter of 7i"a"ter )ana=e$ent Capacitie"...................................................................345
I.4.5. )ilitar&* Ci-il %rotection and Ci-il 7efence A""et".......................................................................345
7# UN*"ED NA"*ON( AND *N"E%NA"*ONA)##################################################382
%E($ON(E O%4AN*(A"*ON(#########################################################################382
D.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................312
D.2 The ;nited <ation" :&"te$..................................................................................................................312
D.2.1. ;< 7)T (;nited <ation" 7i"a"ter )ana=e$ent Tea$)..............................................................312
%urpo"e of the ;< 7)T............................................................................................................................313
D.2.2 OCHA (;nited <ation" Office for the Coordination of Hu$anitarian Affair")..........................313
D.2.3. ;<7% (;nited <ation" 7e-elop$ent %ro=ra$$e).......................................................................311
Or=ani6ational arran=e$ent"....................................................................................................................312
D.2.4. ;<HC8 (;nited <ation" Hi=h Co$$i""ioner for 8efu=ee").......................................................313
D.2.1. ;<IC#( (;nited <ation" Children (und).....................................................................................321
+oal" and Ob,ecti-e"..................................................................................................................................321
7e-elop$ent Orientation...........................................................................................................................322
Co$ponent" of the #$er=enc& 8e"pon"e.................................................................................................322
A""e""$ent...................................................................................................................................................322
Care and :er-ice 7eli-er&.........................................................................................................................323
%rotection fro$ Har$................................................................................................................................323
In"titutional arran=e$ent" and re"pon"ibilitie" within..........................................................................321
;<IC#(.......................................................................................................................................................321
D.2.2. @(% (@orld (ood %ro=ra$$e)......................................................................................................322
D.2.3. @HO (@orld Health Or=ani6ation)...............................................................................................33'
7I:A:T#8 %8#%A8ATIO< A<7 %8#?#<TIO<...............................................................................331
D.3 The 8ed Cro"" and 8ed Cre"cent )o-e$ent....................................................................................333
D.4. <on/ +o-ern$ental Or=ani6ation" (<+O").....................................................................................332
17
D.1. The ;: 7A8T Tea$............................................................................................................................33!
O-er-iew......................................................................................................................................................33!
%urpo"e........................................................................................................................................................33!
9# $E%(ONA) HEA)"H#################################################################################33
9# $E%(ONA) HEA)"H####################################################################################33
B.1. %re/deplo&$ent........................................................................................................................3!'
B.1.2 ;pon acti-ation for ;<7AC $i""ion....................................................................................3!4
B.1.3 7urin= the ;<7AC $i""ion deplo&$ent..............................................................................3!1
%recaution" taken after arri-al.................................................................................................................3!1
od& H&=iene..............................................................................................................................................3!1
%rotection a=ain"t In"ect"..........................................................................................................................3!2
B.2 :afe (ood for Tra-eller"..............................................................................................................3!3
B.2.1 :afe food durin= deplo&$ent.................................................................................................3!3
B.2.2 %reparin= before 7eparture...................................................................................................3!3
B.2.3 %recaution" taken after Arri-al..............................................................................................3!3
#atin= :afel&...............................................................................................................................................3!3
B.3 :afe @ater for Tra-eller".............................................................................................................3!5
B.3.1 :afe water durin= deplo&$ent...............................................................................................3!5
B.3.2 %reparin= before 7eparture...................................................................................................3!5
B.3.3 %recaution" to be Taken after Arri-al...................................................................................3!5
B.4 :tre""..............................................................................................................................................35'
B.4.1 The :tre"" :ituation.................................................................................................................351
:tre"" :&$pto$".........................................................................................................................................352
B.4.2 how to )ini$i6e :tre"" durin= a di"a"ter Operation...........................................................353
B.4.3 :tre"" 7ebriefin=......................................................................................................................351
B.4.4 After the ;<7AC $i""ion......................................................................................................352
)edical Bit..................................................................................................................................................353
18
B.1 )edical #$er=encie" and (ir"t Aid...................................................................................................4''
Chokin=.......................................................................................................................................................4'3
Other #$er=enc& :ituation"......................................................................................................................4'4
)# D*(A("E% )O4*("*C(#################################################################################.2
9.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................41'
9.2. 9o=i"tic" O-er-iew"............................................................................................................................414
:tructure and Or=ani6ation of #$er=enc& 9o=i"tic"..............................................................................411
7e-elop$ent %olic& and 8elief 9o=i"tic"..................................................................................................412
9.3. 9o=i"tic" A""e""$ent Checkli"t.........................................................................................................415
1. Airport".........................................................................................................................................415
2. Ci-il A-iation................................................................................................................................42'
3. Alternati-e Aircraft......................................................................................................................421
4. :eaport".........................................................................................................................................421
1. Tran"fer %oint".............................................................................................................................423
2. Truckin=........................................................................................................................................424
3. 8ailroad".......................................................................................................................................424
!. @arehou"in=.................................................................................................................................421
,# C)*,A"E AND "E%%A*N#############################################################################.2+
).1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................423
).2. Cli$ate and Terrain Eone"...............................................................................................................423
).3 %olar 8e=ion".......................................................................................................................................425
).3.1 Tra-el................................................................................................................................................425
).3.2 <a-i=ation.........................................................................................................................................425
).3.3 Clothin=............................................................................................................................................43'
).3.1 :helter...............................................................................................................................................43'
).3.1 :helter...............................................................................................................................................431
).3.2. (ire...................................................................................................................................................431
19
).3.3 @ater.................................................................................................................................................431
).3.!. Arctic Health...................................................................................................................................432
).4.Hi=h Altitude 8e=ion".........................................................................................................................432
).4.1. +eneral.............................................................................................................................................432
).4.2 #ffect" of Hi=h Altitude...................................................................................................................432
).4.3 #ffect" of 9ow Te$perature"..........................................................................................................431
).4.4 Operational I$perati-e".................................................................................................................432
).:. Tropical 8e=ion"................................................................................................................................432
).1.1. :helter..............................................................................................................................................43!
).1.3. (ood..................................................................................................................................................43!
).1.4. 7an=er".....................................................................................................................................435
).1.1. Tra-el in Dun=le".............................................................................................................................44'
).1.2.<a-i=ation in Dun=le"......................................................................................................................441
).1.3. Health and :anitation.....................................................................................................................442
).2.7e"ert 8e=ion".....................................................................................................................................443
).2.1.7e"ert condition"..............................................................................................................................443
).2.2.@ater.................................................................................................................................................441
).2.3.:helter and (ire................................................................................................................................442
).2.4.Clothiln=...........................................................................................................................................443
).2.1 (ood...................................................................................................................................................44!
).2.2.Health................................................................................................................................................44!
).2.3. 7on.t" while dri-in= in the 7e"ert.................................................................................................445
N#%EFE%ENCE##################################################################################################.8
<.1. Con-er"ion Table to )etric :&"te$..................................................................................................41'
<.2. Characteri"tic" of 8adio and :atellite Co$$unication"................................................................411
<.3 Characteri"tic" of Aircraft that $a& be u"ed durin= 7i"a"ter Operation".............................412
<.3. Characteri"tic" of Aircraft that $a& be u"ed durin= 7i"a"ter Operation"....................................413
20
<.4 Characteri"tic of helicopter" that $a& be u"ed durin= 7i"a"ter Operation"..........................413
<.1 Aircraft 9oadin= and Offloadin= )ethod"........................................................................................414
21
22
A# $reFace
A.1. Introduction to the Handbook (p.1)
A.2. Ho to contact !"HA (p.2.)
A#2# *ntroduction to the Handbook (p#2!
#he $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter A&&e&&(ent and "oordination ($%'A")
handbook i& intended a& a )uick re*erence +uide *or (e(ber& o* an $%'A"
#ea( be*ore and durin+ a (i&&ion to an area a**ected b, an e(er+enc,. #he
handbook i& not an authoritati-e in&truction but rather repre&ent& an
accu(u.ation o* in&titutiona. (e(or, re.ated to procedure& *or internationa.
e(er+enc, a&&e&&(ent and coordination a& &een in the &cope o* the $%'A"
ter(& o* re*erence.
#he $%'A" handbook ha& been de-e.oped in cooperation beteen the
!**ice *or "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA) &ta** and (e(ber& o* the
internationa. $%'A" /,&te(. #he in*or(ation contained in the handbook dra&
on re*erence& *or( a -ariet, o* &ource&0 inc.udin+ 1 !"HA pub.ication&0 the
$nited /tate& !**ice o* 2orei+n 'i&a&ter A&&i&tance (!2'A) 3 2ie.d !peration&
4uide5 and 'i&a&ter A&&e&&(ent 6rocedure& 7anua.50 the $nited %ationa. Hi+h
co((i&&ioner *or 8e*u+ee& ($%H"8) 3Handbook *or 9(er+encie&5 and other
$%H"8 re*erence (ateria.0 the :or.d 2ood 6ro+ra((e (:26) pub.ication 32ood
Aid in 9(er+encie&50 the $%I"92 handbook 3A&&i&tin+ in 9(er+encie&50 #rainin+
7odu.e& o* the $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #rainin+ 6ro+ra((e0 the
!;*a( pub.ication on .and(ine& 3<e+ac, o* "on*.ict5 b, 8ae 7c 4rath0
pub.ication& b, the 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent 7o-e(ent and the /phere
6ro=ect pub.ication 3Hu(anitarian "harter and 7ini(u( /tandard& in 'i&a&ter
8e&pon&e5.
23
#he $%'A" handbook ha& been de-e.oped b, the !"HA 2ie.d
"oordination /upport $nit (2"/$) o* the 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch. 2"/$ i&
*inanced entire., throu+h -o.untar, contribution& *ro( intere&ted 4o-ern(ent&.
An, co((ent& on the handbook or propo&a.& *or i(pro-e(ent can be addre&&ed
to1
!**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air&
2ie.d "oordination /upport $nit
6a.ai& de& %ation&
"H 1211 4ene-a 100 /it?er.and
#e.ephone1 @41(0) 22917A1234
2ac&i(i.e1 @41(0) 22 917A0190
A#2# Ho: to contact OCHA (p#2#!
UNDAC ,obili;ation and ,issions
'urin+ $%'A" (obi.i?ation and (i&&ion to &eparate .ine& i.. be opened
e;c.u&i-e., *or co((unication& ith the $%'A" tea(1
2ac&i(i.e1 @ 41 (0) 22 917A0023
#e.ephone1 @ 41(0) 22 917A1600
Other $urposes
2or an, other purpo&e or0 hen an $%'A" tea( ha& not been acti-ated0
the *o..oin+ contact point& &hou.d be u&ed1
24
4ENE<A
Durin= Office Hours > ?.2 (! 22 /2+@223.
$nited %ation& !**ice at 4ene-a /itchboard nu(ber. I* knon0 direct
nu(ber& to !"HA o**icer& can a.&o be u&ed.
*n Emer=encies> ?.2 (o! 22 /2+@ 22
!"HAA 4ene-a 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch (aintain& a 24A hour dut,
&,&te( 365 da,&AaA,ear. #he ca.. i& recei-ed b, an an&erin+ &er-ice0 'i+ica..0
hich con-e,& the (e&&a+e to the !"HAA4ene-a 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e 'ut,
!**icer ho then ca..& back.
2ac&i(i.e1 @ 41 (0) 22 917A0023
#e.e;1 414242 !"HA "H
Internet 1 ocha+-aBun.or+
7ai.1 $nited %ation& !**ice *or
the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air&
6a.a&i& de& %ation&
"HA1211 4ene-a 10
/it?er.and
Field Coordination (upport Unit (FC(U!
4i-en be.o are the o**ice te.ephone nu(ber& and eA(ai. addre&&e& o*
the &ta** o* 2"/$ in ca&e $%'A" tea( (e(ber& need to contact the(.
Name "elephone E@mail
Ar=un Catoch @41229171199 CatochBun.or+
#ho(a& 6eter @41229173143 6etertBun.or+
De&per <und @41229171783 <undBun.or+
Catarina
#o..AEe.a&)ue? @41229171107 #o..kBun.or+
Du.iette de 8i-ero @41229173513 'eri-eroBun.or+
7artin 6ere? @41229173218 6ere?.Bun.or+
Ana 7.
'ona(aria
@41229173530 'ona(ariaBun.or+
25
Ne: -ork
Durin= Office Hours > ?2222/13@223.
$nited %ationa. Head)uarter& &itchboard. I* knon0 direct nu(ber& to
!"HA can a.&o be u&ed.
*n Emer=encies> ?2222/13@./12
!"HAA4ene-a. /ee abo-e.
2ac&i(i.e 1 @1212 963A9489F1312F1040
Internet 1 ochan,Bun.or+
7ai.1 !**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air&
1 $nited %ation& 6.a?a
10017 %e Gork
$/A
26
&# OCHA'( %O)E *N COO%D*NA"*ON
&#2 *ntroduction
>.1.1. "oordination i& 9&&entia. and I(portant
&#2 Field Coordination ,andateA 4oal and ObBectiCes
>.2.1 !"HAH& 7andate
>.2.2 2ie.dAba&ed 4oa.F!b=ecti-e&
&#3 Filed Coordination Functions
>.3.1 !"HaH& 6ri(ar, "oordination 2unction&
>.3.2 !"HAH& Au?i.iar, "oordination 2unction&
>.3.3 6rincipa. 2ie.d "oordination Acti-itie&
&#. OCHA CountrD )eCel Coord# (tructures
>.4.1. #he 8epre&entati-e o* !"HA
>.4.2. 2ie.d "oordination $nit
>.4.3. #he !"HA !peration& "oordination "entre
>.4.4. 8e+iona. "oordination 7echani&(
27
&#2 *ntroduction
#he purpo&e o* the coordination chapter in the 2ie.d Handbook i& to
pro-ide an ea&i., acce&&ib.e0 pocket re*erence to &upport a $nited %ation& !**ice
*or the coordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA) &ta** I per&on0 (e(ber o* an
$%'A" #ea(0 or a &ta**Aper&on o* a hu(anitarian or+ani?ation orkin+ in a
!"HA *i.edAba&ed coordination &ettin+. It co-er& coordination i&&ue& *or both
natura. di&a&ter& and co(p.e; e(er+encie&. It *ocu& i& on the 3ho to5 o*
coordination but a.&o inc.ude& &u**icient conte;t to +round the u&er in !"HAH&
(andate. It +i-e& +uidance on coordination *unction& and &tructure& a& e.. a&
he.pin+ 3troub.e &hoot5 coordination barrier& that (a, be encountered.
&#2#2 Coordination is Essential and *mportant
An e(er+enc, &ituation i& characteri?ed b, o-erhe.(in+ need&J
co(petin+ prioritie&J de&tro,ed or da(a+ed co((unication and tran&portation
in*ra&tructureJ a rapid in*.u; o* pro-ider& o* hu(anitarian a&&i&tance coup.ed ith
an outbur&t o* (utua. aid *ro( .oca. citi?en&J and hi+h., &tre&&ed .oca.
+o-ern(enta. and nonA+o-ern(enta. in&titution&. 4i-en thi& -ie o* the
e(er+enc, condition& an i(a+e o* chao& )uick., &prin+& to (ind.
:hi.e coordination (a, not be ea&i., de*ined it& ab&ence i& characteri?ed
b, +ap& in &er-ice to a**ected popu.ation&J dup.ication o* e**ortJ inappropriate
a&&i&tanceJ ine**icient u&e o* re&ource&J bott.eneck&0 i(pedi(ent&0 and &.o
reaction to chan+in+ condition&J and *ru&tration o* re.ie* pro-ider&0 o**icia.& and
&ur-i-or& I in +enera.0 an un&ati&*actor, re&pon&e to the e(er+enc,.
"oordination i& a re&u.t o* intentiona. action& to har(oni?e indi-idua.
re&pon&e& to (a;i(i?e i(pact and achie-e &,ner+, I a &ituation here the
o-era.. e**ect i& +reater than the &u( o* the part&. #here can be a .itt.e
coordination or a .ot o* coordination and0 *or the (o&t part0 the (ore coordinationA
the better.
28
At it& be&t0 coordination re&u.t& in hu(ane0 neutra.0 and i(partia.
a&&i&tanceJ in increa&ed (ana+e(ent e**ecti-ene&&J a &hared -i&ion o* the be&t
po&&ib.e outco(e& *ro( a +i-en &ituationJ a &ea(.e&& approach to &er-ice
de.i-er,J and donor con*idence re&u.tin+ in &u**icient re&ource& to achie-e the
de&ired outco(e&0 i.e.0 the .ea&t po&&ib.e a(ount o* hu(an &u**erin+ and
(ateria. da(a+e and a rapid return to nor(a. .i-in+ condition& and the on+oin+
pro+re&& o* de-e.op(ent.
"oordination be+in& ith the initiation o* orkin+ re.ation&hip& and re+u.ar
&harin+ o* in*or(ation. A& coordination and re+u.ar &harin+ o* in*or(ation. A&
coordination increa&e& there i& a re&u.tin+ chan+e in the a, re.ie* pro-ider&
i(p.e(ent their pro+ra((e& o* a&&i&tance. >ecau&e re.ie* pro-ider& cooperate0
indi-idua.& and or+ani?ation& adapt and ad=u&t their e**ort& ba&ed on chan+in+
need& and each otherH& &tren+th& and eakne&&.
"oordination rare., i& the re&u.t o* one +roup or or+ani?ation te..in+
another hat or ho to do their ork. "ertain., e;a(p.e& o* coordination a&
3directin+5 e;i&t0 e&pecia.., here re.ie* operation& are directed and contro..ed b,
a &tron+ nationa. +o-ern(ent0 but the&e &ituation& are rare.
$&ua.., coordination i& a re&u.t o* -o.untar, e**ort&. In &ituation& o*
-o.untar, particpation0 coordination a& 3directin+5 i& rare., e**ecti-e. 8e.ie*
a+encie& part., *unction ithin a *ra(eork o* &e.* I intere&t. #heir *ir&t ob=ecti-e
i& to a&&i&t their tar+eted bene*iciarie&. #heir &econd ob=ecti-e i& to a&&i&t their
bene*iciarie& in &uch a a, that their +ood ork& are &een and -a.ued b, the
donor co((unit, and the 3pro*i.e5 o* their a+enc, i& enhanced. 2arther don the
.i&t i& the +oa. o* reco+ni?in+ the contribution& o* other& or dec.arin+F ad(ittin+
that &o(eone e.&e can do a particu.ar =ob better than the, can. "oordination i&
not0 then0 and a+enc,H& *ir&t priorit,.
29
#he per&on or or+ani?ation char+ed ith pro(otin+ and en&urin+
cooperation i&0 there*ore0 orkin+ in an en-iron(ent here the coordination
authorit, ha& *e i* an, re&ource& to 3re)uire5 coordination. #here*ore0 a+encie&
and indi-idua.& (u&t &ee &o(e added -a.ue *ro( participatin+ i& the coordination
proce&& and the bene*it& (u&t outei+h the co&t&. And0 indeed0 there are co&t&
to coordination. "oordination re)uire& ti(e& and other re&ource&. "oordination
(a, re&u.t in one or+ani?ation takin+ a 3back &eat5 to another0 c.othin+
operation& in one area0 takin+ on a cha..en+e at hich the, (a, be .e&&
&ucce&&*u.0 or reducin+ their or+ani?ationH& pro*i.e.
"oordination0 there*ore0 i& *ar *ro( a &ure thin+. #hu&0 the coordinatin+
or+ani?ation0 in thi& ca&e !"HA0 (u&t e&tab.i&h a coordination proce&& ba&ed on
certain characteri&tic&. #o achie-e the be&t po&&ib.e coordination the proce&&
&hou.d be1
$articipatorD
"oordination occur& throu+h the .e+iti(ac, deri-ed *ro( in-o.-e(ent. #he
ta&k& o* coordination (u&t occur ithin a &tructure and proce&& a+reed and
&upported b, the actor& in their e(er+enc, &ituation. #he coordinator& (u&t
&ecure and (aintain the con*idence o* the other actor&0 en+enderin+ an
at(o&phere o* re&pect and +ood i... !r+ani?ation& need to participate in
decidin+ the po.icie&0 procedure&0 &trate+ie& and p.an& hich i.. a**ect the(.
*mpartial
#he coordination proce&& &hou.d not be &een to *a-or one or+ani?ation
o-er another but rather to identi*, the di&tincti-e co(petencie& o* the -ariou&
actor&. "oordination &hou.d ad-ocate the princip.e o* i(partia..,0 i.e.0 the
pro-i&ion o* re.ie* &o.e., on the ba&i& o* need irre&pecti-e o* race0 re.i+ion0
po.itica. a**i.iation0 +ender0 or a+eJ pro-ided b, the actor (o&t .ike., to achie-e the
de&ired outco(e&.
30
"ransparent
"oordination re)uire& tru&t and tru&t re)uire& tran&parenc,J the i..in+ *.o
o* in*or(ation0 open deci&ionA(akin+ proce&&e&0 and pub.ic.,A&tated0 &incere0
and hone&t rationa.e& *or deci&ion&. #hi& i.. inc.ude the need to ad(it *ai.ure or
at .ea&t *a..in+ &hort o* ob=ecti-e&.
&#2 Field Coordination ,andateA 4oal and ObBectiCes
&# 2# 2#OCHA's ,andate
$% !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or coordination in a di&a&ter or e(er+enc,. #h&i
re&pon&ibi.it, ha& been hi&torica.., deter(ined and (andated. A& &uch0 !"HAH&
(andate i& to en&ure that the re.ie* pro-ided i& e**ecti-e0 not to pro-ide e**ecti-e
re.ie*.
In 'ece(ber0 19910 the $nited %ation& 4enera. A&&e(b.,0 b, it&
re&o.ution 46F182 reco+ni?ed the need to &tren+then and (ake (ore e**ecti-e
the co..ecti-e e**ort& to pro-ide hu(anitarian a&&i&tance. #he re&o.ution
&upported a &tren+thened .eader&hip ro.e o* the /ecretar, I 4enera. to en&ure
better preparation *or0 a& e.. a& rapid and coherent re&pon&e to0 natura.
di&a&ter& and other e(er+encie&. #o thi& end0 the re&o.ution ca..ed *or the
/ecretar, I4enera. to de&i+nate an 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator0 at the .e-e. o*
$nder I/ecretar, 4enera. *or Hu(anitarian A**air&0 and &peci*ied that the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator &hou.d be &upported b, a &ecretariat0 thi& i&
!"HA.
#he re&pon&ibi.itie& a&&i+ned to the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator and
hi&Fher &ecretariat0 !"HA are e&&entia.., coordination0 ad-ocac, and in*or(ation.
#hi& &hou.d inc.ude the *o..oin+1
31
"oordinatin+0 *aci.itatin+0 and (obi.i?in+ the hu(anitarian a&&i&tance o* the
$nited %ation& &,&te( in tho&e e(er+encie& that re)uire a coordinated
re&pon&eJ
6ro-idin+ &er-ice& that (a;i(i?e the e**icient u&e o* re&ource& *or
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance0 &uch a& con&o.idatin+0 (ana+in+ and di&&e(inatin+
in*or(ation inc.udin+ &ituation report&0 ear., arnin+ data and need&
a&&e&&(ent&J
7obi.i?in+ re&ource& throu+h the preparation o* intera+enc, appea.&0
(ana+e(ent o* re-o.-in+ *und&0 and *inancia. trackin+ o* donor re&pon&e&J
6ro(otin+ co(petent &ta** throu+h trainin+ pro+ra((e& and other &ta**
de-e.op(ent acti-itie&J
Actin+ a& *oca. point *or ad-ocac, on hu(anitarian concern&0 and *or
(a;i(i?in+ opportunitie& *or pre-entati-e action and *or &ecurin+ acce&& to
peop.e a**ected b, con*.ictJ
9n&urin+ that re.ie* contribute& to *uture de-e.op(ent0 and that de-e.op(ent
p.an& incorporate (ea&ure& *or di&a&ter (iti+ation0 preparedne&& and
pre-entionJ
/upportin+ and &tren+thenin+ nationa. capacit, *or e(er+enc, re&pon&e.
&#2#2 OCHA field@based 4oal and ObBectiCes
Field 5based 4oal
#he +oa. o* hu(anitarian coordination i& to en&ure that hu(anitarian
actor& re&pondin+ to di&a&ter& or e(er+encie& ork toard a co((on &trate+ic
32
-i&ion0 de&i+n and de.i-er their a&&i&tance in a co(p.e(entar, *a&hion accordin+
to their (andate& and capacitie&0 and adapt their acti-itie& in re&pon&e to (utua.
a+ree(ent on chan+e& in circu(&tance& and thu& o* need&.
#here are to a&pect& o* hu(anitarian coordination0 the *ir&t re*errin+ to
re)uire(ent& at the &trate+ic .e-e.0 and the &econd to tho&e at the operationa.
.e-e.. #he to are interA.inked ith one a&pect *eedin+ the other.
3/trate+ic coordination5 i& concerned ith the o-era.. direction o* the
hu(anitarian pro+ra((e. #hu& it inc.ude& the &ettin+ o* a+reed +oa.& *or the
pro+ra((e0 drain+ on a co((on &trate+ic ana.,&i& o* the prob.e(. It a..ocate&
ta&k& and re&pon&ibi.itie&0 accordin+ to (andate& and capacitie&0 and en&ure&
that re&ource (obi.i?ation *or the pro+ra((e i& a proce&& conducted in a (anner
hich re&pond& to a+reed prioritie&. It (onitor& and e-a.uate& the o-era..
i(p.e(entation o* the pro+ra((e to en&ure that chan+in+ circu(&tance& and
con&traint& are identi*ied and are then re&ponded to in an a+reed (anner. In &o
doin+0 it (a, addre&& i&&ue& (ore +enera.., re+arded a& operationa. hen the&e
i&&ue& are &een to ha-e an i(pact on the pro+ra((e a& a ho.e.
3!perationa. coordination5 i& concerned ith to re)uire(ent&. #he *ir&t i&
the need0 ithin the &trate+ic *ra(eork o* the hu(anitarian pro+ra((e0 *or
&ub&tanti-e coordination in re.ation to &peci*ic &ector&0 ith re+ard to
+eo+raphica. area& or bene*iciar, +roup&. #hi& i& to en&ure that0 ithin each
&ector0 the acti-itie& o* di**erent actor& are conducted in a co(p.i(entar, (anner
and accordin+ to an a+reed p.an. #he &econd re)uire(ent i& *or co((on
&er-ice& *or hu(anitarian actor&. #hu&0 operationa. coordination en&ure& that
(atter& &uch a& &ecurit,0 co((unication& and co((on .o+i&tica. &,&te(& are
(ana+ed in a (anner be&t ca.cu.ated to re&pond to chan+in+ operationa. need&.
33
Field@based ObBectiCes
/e-era. ob=ecti-e ha-e been identi*ied b, !"HA a& e&&entia. to achie-in+
e**ecti-e &u&tained *ie.d coordination con&onant ith it& +oa.. #he&e ob=ecti-e&
inc.ude1
1. 9n&ure a co(prehen&i-e and coordinated pro+ra((e o* hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance b,1
"reatin+ a *ra(eork and (echani&(Fp.at*or( and act a& cata.,&t *or
&trate+ic deci&ionA(akin+ and con&u.tationJ
Identi*,in+ critica. need& and tar+et re&ource& to tho&e need&J
9n&urin+ acce&& to popu.ation&AatAri&kJ
'e-e.opin+ and adopt a uni*ied approach that e.i(inate& +ap& and
dup.ication&J
6ro(otin+ an appropriate di-i&ion o* re&pon&ibi.itie& re&u.tin+ in a
&trea(.ined and coherent &er-ice pro-i&ionJ
6ro(otin+ accountabi.it, throu+h the u&e o* (onitorin+ and e-a.uation
in*or(ationJ and
6ro(otin+ e(er+enc, a&&i&tance that i& &upporti-e o* reco-er, and
.on+Ater( de-e.op(ent.
Ad-ocatin+ *or hu(anitarian princip.e& and concern& a& e.. and the
&ecurit, o* hu(anitarian orker&.
2. 9n&ure a &tead, and re.iab.e *.o o* in*or(ation to in*or( deci&ionA(akin+
b,1
7onitorin+ e-ent&0 condition& and trend& to pro-ide &u**icient ear.,
arnin+ to enab.e a ti(e., re&pon&eJ and
34
9&tab.i&hin+ and (aintainin+ an e**ecti-e in*or(ation co..ection0
ana.,&i&0 di&&e(ination and c.earin+ hou&e capacit,.
3. 9n&ure &u**icient re&ource& to acco(p.i&h a+reed pro+ra((e& b,1
7obi.i?in+ &u**icient re&ource& to acco(p.i&h ta&k& in a coordinated an
&,&te(atic (annerJ
6ro-idin+ e&&entia. coordinationFco((on &er-ice& otheri&e not
a-ai.ab.eJ and
6ro(otin+ &harin+ o* re&ource& a(on+ pro-ider o* hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance.
4. 9&&entia..,0 coordination nor(a.., need& to pro+re&& throu+h the
under(entioned pha&e& o* increa&in+ interaction.
(a) In*or(ation &harin+
(b) A+reed di&tribution o* pro+ra((e ta&k& and re&pon&ibi.itie&
a(on+&t a.. participant&
(c) "o((on +oa.& and pro+ra((in+
&#3 Field Coordination Functions
OCerCie:
!"HA &eek&0 o-era..0 to i(pro-e the i(pact o* *ie.d operation& throu+h
coordination. "oordination i& deter(ined b, the 4enera. A&&e(b., (4A) to add
-a.ue to the $nited %ationH& e**ort& but i& not e;pected to add a .a,er o* deci&ionA
(akin+ or e;tra bureaucratic i(pedi(ent&.
I* *ie.d operation& are i(pro-ed the, i.. &ho i(pro-e(ent in one o* the
area& o* e**icienc,0 e**ecti-ene&& and i(pact. 9**icienc, co-er& tho&e
35
i(pro-e(ent& hich en&ure that &er-ice& are pro-ided *or the .ea&t po&&ib.e co&t
and (ini(a. a(ount o* re&ource&. 9**ecti-ene&& i& i(pro-ed hen hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance pro-ider& are ab.e to achie-e the ob=ecti-e o* their pro+ra((e&.
2ina..,0 i(pact i& the e;tent to hich the o-era.. 3)ua.it, o* .i*e5 condition& in the
e(er+enc, are i(pro-ed.
A& an e;a(p.e0 con&ider a pro+ra( to di&tribute &eed& and too.& to a
di&p.aced popu.ation &o that the, (i+ht +ro &o(e o* their on *ood and reduce
their dependenc, on the hu(anitarian a&&i&tance co((unit,. An e**icient
pro+ra( ou.d di&tribute the &eed& and too.& ith a .o co&t per &eed pack and
too. de.i-ered. An e**ecti-e pro+ra( ou.d di&tribute a.. the &eed& and to..& to
)ua.i*,in+ bene*iciarie&. A hi+h i(pact pro+ra( ou.d re)uire that the &eed& and
too.& ere u&ed and that *ood a& +ron.
It i& ea&, *ro( thi& e;a(p.e to &ee that a pro+ra( cou.d ha-e hi+h
e**icienc, but .o e**ecti-ene&& and .o i(pactJ .o e**icienc, but hi+h
e**ecti-ene&& and i(pactJ hi+h e**icienc, and hi+h e**ecti-ene&& but .o i(pactJ
or .o e**icienc,0 e**ecti-ene&& and i(pact0 etc.
#o carr, out it& (andate *ie.d coordination re)uire& the pro-i&ion o* certain
ke, *unction&. #he (andate to en&ure coordination doe& not0 hoe-er0 (ean that
!"HA (u&t pro-ide a.. o* the(Ait (u&t en&ure the, are there. 'etai.ed be.o are
the *unction& nor(a.., re)uired a& part o* a *ie.d coordination e**ort.
"he Coordinator's Office
"ertain *unction& re)uire the &tatu& inherent in the repre&entationa. ro.e o*
the 8e&ident "oordinatorF Hu(anitarian "oordinator a& the de&i+nated
repre&entati-e o* the /ecretar, 4enera. and 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator and
are c.o&e., .inked ith the re&pon&ibi.itie& o* the coordinator hi(Fher&e.*.
36
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ib.e *or o-era.. .eader&hip o* the hu(anitarian
coordinationJ repre&entin+ the $% &,&te(0 to hi+h .e-e.& o* +o-ern(ent and other
hi+hA .e-e. .iai&onJ and *aci.itatin+ &en&iti-e po.itica. or interAa+enc, a+ree(ent&.
/peci*ic 2unction& re.ated to thi& ob=ecti-e inc.ude1
"on-ene and chair coordination bod,J
2aci.itate a+ree(ent on di-i&ion o* re&pon&ibi.itie&J
%e+otiate acce&& to e(er+enc, area& *or a.. or+ani?ation&J and
Ad-ocate *or hu(anitarian concern&.
$%'A" #ea(& ork to &upport the 4o-ern(ent o* the a**ected
countr,0 $% 8e&ident "oordinator in countr, and the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie*
"oordinator.
&#3#2 OCHA $rimarD Coordination Functions
In order to achie-e &trate+ic coordination0 !"HA i.. t,pica.., pro-ide the
pri(ar, *unction& o* 1
(1) operation&Fpro+ra((e coordination and
(2) in*or(ation co..ection and di&&e(ination. #he *o..oin+ are the
ob=ecti-e& *or the&e pri(ar, *unctiona. re&pon&ibi.itie&1
2# OperationsE $ro=ramme Coordination
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or *aci.itatin+ a coordinated0 co(prehen&i-e and
coherent operationFpro+ra((e o* a&&i&tance to (eet the hu(anitarian
need& in the e(er+enc, &ituation.
2# *nformation CollectionE Dissemination
!b=ecti-e&1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or co..ectin+0 co(pi.in+0 ana.,?in+0 di&p.a,in+
and reportin+ on the +enera. e(er+enc, &ituation0 it& con&e)uence&0
37
re&ource need and a-ai.abi.it,0 the re&pon&e acti-itie&0 the achie-e(ent&0
and the un(et need&.
&#3#2 OCHA AuFiliarD Coordination Functions
In order to achie-e operationa. coordination !"HA (a, need to pro-ide
certain au;i.iar, *unction&. #he&e inc.ude1
(1) te.eco((unication& coordination0
(2) .o+i&tic& &upport and coordination0 and
(3) &upport *or (onitorin+ and i(p.e(entation o* &ecurit, procedure&.
In re+ard to the&e *unction&0 !"HAH& pri(ar, re&pon&ibi.it, i& to
en&ure that the&e *unction& are bein+ ade)uate., per*or(ed. :hen
it i& c.ear that the&e area& are not ade)uate., co-ered and the +ap
cannot be i((ediate., *i..ed b, other entitie&0 *or e;a(p.e durin+
the ear., &ta+e& o* an e(er+enc,0 !"HA (a, ha-e to arran+e to
pro-ide the&e au;i.iar, *unction&. It (a, a.&o be deter(ined that *or
-ariou& rea&on& a &er-ice0 hi.e pro-ided b, another a+enc, e.+.
:26 .o+i&tica. &upport0 i.. be (o&t e**ecti-e hen coA.ocated ith
the !"HA e**ort. #he ob=ecti-e& *or au;i.iar, *unction& are detai.ed
be.o.
2# "elecommunications Coordination
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or en&urin+ the creation0 e**ecti-e
i(p.e(entation and coordination o* the nece&&ar, co((unication
&,&te(& inc.udin+ p.annin+0 &uper-i&ion o* in&ta..ation0 and the
(ana+e(ent o* co((unication netork& a(on+ the $% a+encie& and0 to
the e;tent po&&ib.e0 the hu(anitarian a&&i&tance co((unit, inAcountr,.
2# )o=istics (upportE Coordination
38
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or *aci.itatin+ &u**icient .o+i&tica. &upport to
enab.e hu(anitarian a&&i&tance to be de.i-ered in the (o&t e**icient
(anner po&&ib.e. "oordinate& and pro-ide&0 hen nece&&ar,0 .o+i&tica.
&upport &er-ice&.
3# (ecuritD
!b=ecti-e 1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or &upportin+ ade)uate preparedne&& and
re&pon&e to chan+in+ &ecurit, &ituation&0 protection o* per&onne. and
a&&et& under the authorit, o* $%/9"!!8' and the 'e&i+nated !**icia..
&#3#3 $rincipal Filed Coordination ActiCities
!"HA &ta** i.. en+a+e in the *o..oin+ acti-itie& hen orkin+ to achie-e
the abo-e .i&ted +oa. and ob=ecti-e&.
Assess
A coordinated pro+ra((e o* a&&i&tance re)uire& accurate and ti(e.,
in*or(ation on the hu(anitarian &ituation. #hi& in*or(ation (u&t be re+u.ar.,
co..ected and ana.,?ed. !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or identi*,in+ area& *or
a&&e&&(ent and coordinatin+ and &upportin+ interAor+ani?ationa. a&&e&&(ent&J
en&urin+ that a.. area& o* po&&ib.e a&&i&tance are a&&e&&ed and that0 to the
e;tent po&&ib.e0 a&&e&&(ent tea(& do not dup.icate each other& ork or .ea-e
i(portant area& una&&e&&ed (&ee "hapter 9).
$lan
In*or(ation co..ected on the hu(anitarian need& and pro+ra((e& o*
a&&i&tance o**ered b, -ariou& re&pondin+ or+ani?ation& (u&t be &hared
di&cu&&ed b, the&e or+ani?ation&. !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or re+u.ar., con-enin+
the or+ani?ation to p.an inte+rated and co(prehen&i-e inter-ention&J *aci.itatin+
39
a+ree(ent on the di-i&ion o* re&pon&ibi.it,J and takin+ &uch action& a& are
nece&&ar, to en&ure p.an& are updated and inter-ention& i(p.e(ented a&
en-i&a+ed in the p.an(&).
,obili;e
#he re&ource& re)uired to e**ecti-e., re&pond to an e(er+enc, i.. be
&i+ni*icant0 and *re)uent., *a.. out&ide o* nor(a. bud+etar, pro=ection&. !"HA i&
re&pon&ib.e *or &upportin+ the *und (obi.i?ation proce&&0 perhap& throu+h the
"on&o.idated Appea. 6roce&& ("A6). !"HA (a, a.&o be re)uired to (obi.i?e
per&onne. and (ateria. to &upport hu(anitarian a&&i&tance e**ort&.
Direct
In the ear., &ta+e& o* a hu(anitarian e(er+enc,0 e&pecia.., a natura.
di&a&ter i.. &earch and re&cue re)uire(ent&0 !"HA i.. be re&pon&ib.e *or
identi*,in+ priorit, area and directin+ internationa. a&&i&tance pro-ider& to the&e
area&0 in &upport o* nationa. and .oca. authoritie&.
,onitor
A& the hu(anitarian e(er+enc, e-o.-e&0 ne area& o* need i.. de-e.opJ
&o(e need& i.. be (et or otheri&e decrea&e in i(portanceJ and ne pro-ide&
i.. =oin the e**ort. !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or (onitorin+ the e(er+enc, &ituation0
need& and a&&i&tance pro-ided to )uick., identi*, e(er+in+ need&0 +ap& and
dup.ication& in a&&i&tance0 and the e;tent o* pro+ra((e acco(p.i&h(ent&.
%eport
!"HA i& the principa. or+ani?ation throu+h hich in*or(ation on the
hu(anitarian &ituation i& +athered and ana.,?ed. !"HA i& a.&o0 there*ore0
re&pon&ib.e *or re+u.ar., co((unicatin+ the re&u.t& o* the ana.,&i& to intere&ted
40
partie& &uch a& e(er+enc, re&ponder&0 donor& and the (edia0 in the *or( o*
re+u.ar &ituation report& and brie*in+&.
)iaise
An e(er+enc, &ituation o* &u**icient (a+nitude i.. be characteri?ed b, a
.ar+e nu(ber o* di**erent entitie&0 i.e. $% a+encie&0 I!& and %4!&0 pro-idin+
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance. !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or en&urin+ that the&e
or+ani?ation& are .inked ith each other and ith the o-era.. e**ort&. !"HA i&0
there*ore0 re&pon&ib.e *or (aintainin+ contact to pro(ote inte+rated pro+ra((in+
and re+u.ar and e**ecti-e &harin+ o* in*or(ation.
&#. OCHA CountrD )eCel Coordination (tructures
&#.#2 "he OCHA %epresentatiCe
UN %esident Coordinator
In the +reat (a=orit, o* countrie& here the $% &,&te( i& pre&ent0 o-era..
coordination o* $% acti-itie& *a..& pri(ari., to the 8e&ident "oordinator0 in
con&u.tation ith the re.e-ant $% a+encie&. In (o&t ca&e& the 8e&ident
8epre&entati-e o* the $nited %ationa. 'e-e.op(ent 6ro+ra((e ($%'6) i&
de&i+nated a& the 8e&ident "oordinator. #he 8e&ident "oordinator i& re&pon&ib.e
*or coordinatin+ $% hu(anitarian a&&i&tance. In the period be*ore a natura. or
(anA(ade di&a&ter occur&0 the 8e&ident "oordinator coordinate& preparedne&&
and (iti+ation acti-itie&J (onitor& and pro-ide& ear., arnin+ o* potentia.
e(er+enc, &ituationJ .ead& contin+enc, p.annin+ ba&ed on ear., arnin+
(onitorin+J and chair& the $% 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( ($%'7#). $n.e&&
otheri&e de&i+nated0 once an e(er+enc, occur&0 the 8e&ident "oordinator i..
continue to .ead and coordinate the $% interAa+enc, re&pon&e. 2or the duration
o* the e(er+enc, he report& to the $% 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator ho i& a.&o
$/4 o* !"HA.
41
Humanitarian Coordinator
I* an e(er+enc, beco(e& &i+ni*icant in &i?e andFor co(p.e;it,0 the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator0 in con&u.tation ith the $% a+encie&0 (a,
appoint a Hu(anitarian "oordinator. I* the 8e&ident "oordinator ha& the
nece&&ar, &ki..&0 he F&he i.. nor(a.., be de&i+nated the Hu(anitarian
coordinator. I* not0 either a ne 8e&ident "oordinator i.. be appointed to &er-e
in both *unction&0 or a &eparate Hu(anitarian "oordinator i.. be appointed. In
countrie& here there i& a &i+ni*icant ri&k o* the occurrence o* a co(p.e; or (a=or
e(er+enc, e**ort& i.. be (ade b, the Ad(ini&trator0 $%'60 hether throu+h
&peci*ic trainin+ or acce.erated rotation0 to *ind a 8e&ident "oordinator ith an
appropriate hu(anitarian pro*i.e. #he Hu(anitarian "oordinator nor(a.., pha&e&
out once the e(er+enc, &ub&ide&.
)ead A=encD as Coordinator
In in&tance& here one $% a+enc, i& pro-idin+ the o-erhe.(in+ (a=orit,
o* $% hu(anitarian a&&i&tance0 the IA/" (a, de&i+nate thi& a+enc, a& <ead
A+enc, and it& repre&entati-e a& the Hu(anitarian coordinator0 actin+ under the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinatorH& authorit, and reportin+ to the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie*
"oordinator on coordination (atter&.
&#.#2 Filed Coordination Unit
'urin+ an e(er+enc,0 !"HA i& re&pon&ib.e *or en&urin+ that the
8e&identFHu(anitarian coordinator recei-e& the &upport re)uired to carr, out
hi&Fher re&pon&ibi.itie&. In (a=or or .on+ runnin+ e(er+encie& the "oordinator i..
need &ub&tantia. a&&i&tance in the *or( o* a core o* e;perienced and ener+etic
pro*e&&iona. and &upport &ta**0 and ade)uate .o+i&tica.0 ad(ini&trati-e and
*inancia. &upport. #hi& (a, entai. the e&tab.i&h(ent o* dedicated *ie.d
coordination unit (2"$).
42
&#.#3 "he Operations Coordination Centre
In &ituation& co(binin+ a hi+h nu(ber o* hu(anitarian actor& and a
rapid., e-o.-in+ e(er+enc, &ituation re)uirin+ a hi+h de+ree o* rea. ti(e
3operationa. coordination50 the !"HA *ie.d coordination acti-it, (a, be or+ani?ed
in an !peration& "oordination "entre. #he "entre &er-e& a& the entit, *or the
coordination o* the operationa. acti-itie& undertaken b, hu(anitarian
or+ani?ation& re&pondin+ to the e(er+enc,0 inc.udin+ the $nited %ationa.
a+encie&0 4o-ern(ent0 and nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&. It pro-ide& a
c.ear., -i&ib.e *oca. point and 3(eetin+ p.ace5 *or interaction a(on+&t the
or+ani?ation& carr,in+ out or &upportin+ the hu(anitarian re&pon&e operation.
#he centre *ocu&e& on the (u.tiA&ectora. o-er-ie o* the &ituation0 actor& and
re&pon&e in the e(er+enc,. It en&ure& that &ectora. coordination i& inte+rated
and pre&ented ithin a p.an *or the o-era.. hu(anitarian re&pon&e0 idea..,
throu+h &ectora. coordination carried out *ro( the "entre b, the a+enc,
de&i+nated re&pon&ib.e *or a +i-e &ector.
In a natura. di&a&ter0 the "entre i.. t,pica.., be knon a& an onA&ite
!peration& and "oordination "entre (!/!"") and be .ocated at the di&a&ter
&ite. 2ie.d o**ice& (a, be e&tab.i&hed at other .ocation& a**ected b, the
e(er+enc,.
&#.#. %e=ional Coordination ,echanism
In &ituation& here the e(er+enc, i& .ike., to0 or a.read, ha&0 in-o.-ed
(ore than one countr,0 the IA/" and 98" (a, e&tab.i&h a 8e+iona.
"oordination 7echani&( o* &o(e kind. !peratin+ under the &uper-i&ion o* the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator0 a 8e+iona. "oordinator (echani&( i.. ha-e
re&pon&ibi.it, *or *aci.itatin+ con+ruence o* countr,A&peci*ic po.ic, on &ubAre+iona.
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance i&&ue&0 inc.udin+0 here appropriate0 &tandardi?ation o*
a+ree(ent +o-ernin+ cro&&Aborder operation& and pro-idin+ .o+i&tica. &upport
inc.udin+ re+iona. te.eco((unication& netork&. 9;a(p.e& o* &uch a (echani&(
43
are !peration <i*e.ine /udan0 the 8e+iona. Hu(anitarian "oordinator *or the
4reat <ake& 8e+ion.
&#.#8 (imultaneous HumanitarianA (ecuritDA and DeCelopment
Operations
In &o(e &ituation&0 the $% a+encie& in Icountr, i.. &i(u.taneou&., be
in-o.-ed ith hu(anitarian0 &ecurit,0 and de-e.op(ent operation&. In &uch ca&e&
there (a, be three &eparate and di&tinct reportin+ .ine&. 6eaceAkeepin+ *orce&
i.. be o-er&een b, a 2orce "o((ander0 hu(anitarian a**air& b, a Hu(anitarian
"oordinator0 and de-e.op(ent acti-itie& b, a 8e&ident "oordinator. #here (a,
a.&o be a /pecia. 8epre&entati-e o* the /ecretar, I 4enera. (/8/4).
An /8/4 (a, be appointed to act an beha.* o* the $% /4 in an
e(er+enc, hich i& 3co(p.e; or o* e;ceptiona. (a+nitude5 I nor(a.., one in
hich there are (a=or po.itica. ne+otiation& and For hen $% peachAkeepin+
*orce& are dep.o,ed. An /8/4 ha& o-era.. re&pon&ibi.it, *or $% &,&te(Aide
action and coordination. #he !"HA "oordinator(&) ha& a dua. reportin+
re)uire(ent to both the /8/4 and the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator.
&#8# Coordination Fora
&#8#2 )ocal Authorities
In (o&t e(er+encie&0 the (ain $% counterpart inAcountr, i& the nationa.
+o-ern(ent. In (o&t countrie& the +o-ern(ent i.. appoint a &pecia. (ini&tr, or
other entit, char+ed ith o-era.. coordination o* +o-ern(ent hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance0 and ith interactin+ ith internationa. a&&i&tance entitie&. :hen &uch
a +o-ern(ent coordination &tructure e;i&t&0 thi& i.. be an i(portant counterpart
*or $% hu(anitarian coordination &ta**. !ther +o-ern(ent (ini&trie& that !"HA
(a, .iai&e ith inc.ude 2orei+n A**air&0 Interior (nor(a.., enco(pa&&in+ the
po.ice and border contro. *unction&)0 'e*ence0 and "i-i. 'e*ence. #he $%'A"
44
tea( (a, at ti(e& be ta&ked to &tren+then thi& capacit, o* the nationa.
4o-ern(ent.
At the *ie.d .e-e.0 it i& not unu&ua. *or .oca. authoritie&0 &uch a& 8e+iona.
4o-ernor& or .oca. (i.itar, co((ander&0 to ha-e con&iderab.e authorit, and
&o(e de+ree o* independence *ro( the capita.. An i(portant ta&k o* !"HA *ie.d
.e-e. &ta** i& to en&ure that &uch authoritie& are e.. in*or(ed concernin+ the
ob=ecti-e&0 princip.e& and i(p.e(entation o* hu(anitarian a&&i&tance0 both o* the
$% a& e.. a& the .ar+er internationa. &,&te(.
In co(p.e; e(er+encie&0 $% a&&i&tance (a, need to be pro-ided to
per&on& .i-in+ in area& out&ide o* the contro. o* the nationa. +o-ern(ent0 i.e.0
under the contro. o* oppo&ition +roup&. !ppo&ition +roup& (a, ha-e e&tab.i&hed
their on coordination (echani&(& and !"HA *ie.d &ta** (u&t be ab.e to ork
e**ecti-e., ith the(.
&#8#2 United Nations Disaster ,ana=ement "eam
#he $% 4enera. A&&e(b., ha& (andated that a &tandin+ $% 'i&a&ter
7ana+e(ent #ea( ($% '7#) be *or(ed in e-er, di&a&terF e(er+enc, Iprone
countr,. #he '7# i& chaired b, the 8e&ident "oordinator. It& co(po&ition i&
uni)ue to each countr, dependin+ on it& &pecia. circu(&tance& and nor(a..,
inc.ude& repre&entati-e&0 i* pre&ent in the countr,0 *ro( 2A!0 $%'60 $%I"920
:260 :H! and $%H"8.
#he pri(ar, purpo&e o* the $% '7# i& to prepare and en&ure a pro(pt0
e**ecti-e0 and concerted re&pon&e and pro(ote coordinated $% a&&i&tance to the
4o-ern(ent *or po&tAe(er+enc, reco-er,. #hi& doe& not &uper&ede the
(andate& o* it& (e(ber&. 'urin+ an e(er+enc,0 the '7# i& the (ain inAcountr,
(echani&( b, hich $% a+encie& coordinate po.icie& and pro+a((e& o*
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance.
45
&#8#3 (ectoral Coordination
#he re&pon&ibi.it, *or coordination ithin the -ariou& re&pon&e &ector& o*
the e(er+enc,0 e.+.0 hea.th0 o(en and chi.dren0 re*u+ee&0 &anitation0 nutrition0
etc. or &peci*ic +eo+raphica. area0 re&ide& ith the &peci*ic $% a+enc, ith that
(andate. #he a+enc, ith the appropriate (andate (a, *ind it de&irab.e to
e&tab.i&h a &ectora. coordination (echani&(. !"HA &upport& the acti-itie& o* the
&ectora. coordinatin+ a+enc,. !"HA en&ure& that the operationa. action& ithin
each &ector are co(p.i(entar, and inte+rated ithin the o-era.. 6.an o* Action.
&#8#. ,ilitarD EHumanitarian Operations *nterface
In countrie& hich ha-e a $% peaceA keepin+ (i&&ion or other (u.tiA
nationa. (i.itar, pre&ence it can be e;pected that &uch operation& ou.d ha-e
re&ource hich can be o* con&iderab.e -a.ue *or the i(p.e(entation o*
hu(anitarian operation&. Apart *ro( pro-idin+ &ecurit, to hu(anitarian
operationa.0 &uch re&ource& a& .o+i&tic&0 te.eco((unication&0 and en+ineerin+
&upport &uch a& road0 brid+e0 and &ite preparation (a, be u&e*u. or e&&entia..
A $% peaceAkeepin+ operation (a, t,pica.., ha-e a hu(anitarian ce.. or
other hu(anitarian .iai&on *unction. $/ (i.itar, operation& or $/A.ead (u.tiA
nationa. *orce& o*ten ha-e a "i-i. I 7i.itar, !peration& "entre ("A7!") ith
hu(anitarian .iai&on a& one o* it& re&pon&ibi.itie&.
Idea..,0 &uch (i.itar, .iai&on *unction& &hou.d ork to &upport !"HAH&
coordination ro.e. A& the a-ai.abi.it,0 t,pe o* re&ource&0 and e;perti&e i.. di**er in
each &ituation0 it i& not po&&ib.e to create a +eneric .ink beteen a 6each I
keepin+ !peration and the !"HA coordination &tructure.
!r+ani?ationa..,0 the (i.itar, &upport e.e(ent can be .i(ited to a po&ition
in a .iai&on ce.. or take up a (ore acti-e po&ition in other ce..&.
46
#he (i.itar, a&&et& a-ai.ab.e *or hu(anitarian acti-itie& &hou.d be
inte+rated or at .ea&t .inked to the !"HA coordination &tructure. Hoe-er0 it i&
i(portant that the (i.itar, .iai&on *unction&0 i* in the *or( o* a hu(anitarian ce.. or
"A7!" 0 act in &upport o* and not para..e. to or in *ront o* a pri(ar, hu(anitarian
coordination *unction. !"HA 4ene-a ha& a 7i.itar, "i-i. 'e*ence "oordination
$nit (7"'$) hich can a&&i&t in e&tab.i&hin+ a (i.itar, Ici-i.ian inter*ace.
&#8#8 N4O Coordinatin= Councils
In an, +i-en e(er+enc, there (a, be a .ar+er pro.i*eration o* %4!&. #he,
(a, ha-e or+ani?ed the(&e.-e& into %4! coordination bodie& to (eet their
co..ecti-e need& and inte+rate acti-itie& to (a;i(i?e their i(pact. /uch e**ort&
(a, be or+ani?ed b, the Internationa. "ounci. o* Eo.untar, A+encie& (I"EA)0
InterAction or other %! u(bre..a or+ani?ation&. #he acti-itie& o* the&e %4!
"oordinatin+ bodie& &hou.d be inte+rated into !"HAH& o-era.. coordination e**ort.
&#8#1 Donor Councils
In &o(e e(er+encie&0 donor& (a, *or( a coordination bod, *or their on
bene*it. #he&e bodie& are (ore .ike., to be created at the hei+ht o* an
e(er+enc,0 hen donor& need in*or(ation )uick., and hen0 indi-idua..,0 the,
are not ab.e to +et re.iab.e in*or(ation. #he&e e**ort& (a, be &u&tained durin+ the
rehabi.itation and recon&truction pha&e a& e...
&#1 <ariations &et:een Natural Disasters and CompleF
Emer=encies
:hi.e each e(er+enc, &ituation i& uni)ue0 (an, a&pect& o* the
e(er+enc, en-iron(ent and ho the re&pon&e i& (ana+ed are the &a(e in
natura. di&a&ter& and co(p.e; e(er+encie&. /i+ni*icant -ariation& a.&o e;i&t and
are detai.ed be.o. #he ter(& di&a&ter and e(er+enc, ha-e +enera..,0 thou+h
not uni-er&a..,0 accepted de*inition& (&ee +.o&&ar,).
47
"he %ole of the National 4oCernmentE (tate
3#he &o-erei+nt,0 territoria. inte+rit, and nationa. unit, o* /tate& (u&t be
*u.., re&pected in accordance ith the "harter o* the $nited %ation&. In thi&
conte;t0 hu(anitarian a&&i&tance &hou.d be pro-ided ith the con&ent o* the
a**ected countr, and in princip.e on the ba&i& o* an appea. b, the a**ected
countr,5.
39ach &tate ha& the re&pon&ibi.it, *ir&t and *ore(o&t to take care o* the
-icti(& o* natura. di&a&ter& and other e(er+encie& occurrin+ on it& territor,.
Hence0 the a**ected /tate ha& the pri(ar, ro.e in the initiation0 or+ani?ation0
coordination0 and i(p.e(entation o* hu(anitarian a&&i&tance ithin it& territor,K
#he&e princip.e& *ro( 4A 8e&o.ution 46F182 are *unda(enta. to the $%
&,&te(.
:hi.e *or (o&t natura. di&a&ter&0 the /tate i& a i..in+ and .e+iti(ate
partner and (u&t re)ue&t internationa. a&&i&tance. In co(p.e; e(er+encie&0 the
.e+iti(ac, and territor, o* the /tate i& under0 o*ten -io.ent0 di&pute. In &o(e
&ituation& a /tate0 per &e0 (a, not e;i&t. 9-en i* it doe& e;i&t it (a, ha-e .i(ited
authorit, and capabi.it,.
#hi& &ituation (ake& the adherence to the abo-e princip.e& prob.e(atic in
co(p.e; e(er+encie&. In the&e ca&e& the co((it(ent to the -icti(& (a,
&uper&ede the co((it(ent to the /tate. 7ore .ike.,0 hoe-er0 !"HA
coordination e**ort& i.. need to ackno.ed+e the .e+iti(ac, o* co(petin+
authoritie&. #hu&0 !"HA (a, need to de-e.op and (aintain.
48
C# United Nations Disaster Assessment and
Coordination (UNDAC ! sDstem
".1 "oncept
".2 $%'A" /tandard #er(& o* 8e*erence
".3 #he $%'A" 7i&&ion ",c.e
".4 /ki..& needed *ro( $%'A" (e(ber&
C#2# Concept
#he $%'A" /,&te( i& de&i+ned to a&&i&t in (eetin+ internationa. need&
*or ear., and )ua.i*ied in*or(ation durin+ the *ir&t pha&e o* a &uddenAon&et
e(er+enc, and0 hen nece&&ar,0 in the coordination o* internationa. re.ie*
operation& at the &ite o* the e(er+enc,. It a.&o ai(& at &tren+thenin+ nationa.
and re+iona. di&a&ter re&pon&e capacit, in di&a&ter prone countrie&.
#he $%'A" /,&te( con&i&t& o* three co(ponent&1
2# (taff
!"HA 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e o**icer& to+ether ith pro*e&&iona. and
e;perienced e(er+enc, (ana+er& (ade a-ai.ab.e *or $%'A" (i&&ion&
b, their re&pecti-e +o-ern(ent& or or+ani?ation&. A.. (e(ber& o* the
$%'A" /,&te( ha-e been &pecia.., trained and e)uipped *or their ta&kJ
2# $rocedures
6rede*ined (ethod& *or the co..ection o* in*or(ation a& e.. a& &tructure&
*or coordination &upport durin+ the *ir&t pha&e o* a &uddenAon&et
e(er+enc,J
3# (upport
/,&te(& to (obi.i?e0 dep.o, and &upport an $%'A" tea( in achie-in+ it&
ob=ecti-e& in an, e(er+enc, en-iron(ent ithin the nece&&ar, ti(e
*ra(e.
49
Added <alue
An $%'A" #ea( ork& under the authorit,0 o* the $nited %ation&
8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator and in &upport o* the 4o-ern(ent o* the
'i&a&ter a**ected countr, and For the $% 8e&ident Hu(anitarian "oordinator. It
can be di&patched at -er, &hort notice at the occurrence or ear., arnin+ o* a
&uddenAon&et e(er+enc,. #he #ea( rein*orce& the o**ice o* the 8e&identF
Hu(anitarian "oordinator or .oca. 4o-ern(ent ith &pecia.i?ed kno.ed+e in
(u.tiA&ectora. e(er+enc, a&&e&&(ent and (ana+e(ent. :hen re)uired0 an
$%'A" #ea( can a.&o be rein*orced ith e;pert& co-erin+ &pecia.i?ed *ie.d& o*
di&a&ter a&&e&&(ent and For coordination. #he $%'A" #ea( i& +enera.., &e.*A
&u**icient hen dep.o,ed to an e(er+enc, area.
UNDAC %e=ional "eams
In e(er+encie& o* (ain., nationa. or re+iona. concern0 $%'A" can dra
upon i& 8e+iona. #ea(& con&i&tin+ o* $%'A" (e(ber& *ro( the a**ected
countr, F re+ion. #he *ir&t $%'A" 8e+iona. #ea( a& e&tab.i&hed in <atin
A(erica in 1995 and a &econd in the /outh 6aci*ic in 1996.
"ri==ers for ,obili;ation of the UNDAC "eam
Indicator& tri++erin+ the (obi.i?ation o* an $%'A" #ea( inc.ude1
Natural Disasters>
#he di&a&ter cau&e& &eriou& ca&ua.tie& or de&truction and it i& unc.ear
hether &u**icient re&ource& are a-ai.ab.e nationa.., to (eet the i((ediate
re)uire(ent& o* the e(er+enc,J
!r the di&a&ter cau&e& (a=or internationa. concern e-en it re&ource& to (eet
it& con&e)uence& are a-ai.ab.e nationa..,J or there are cata&trophic
con&e)uence& to the en-iron(ent.
50
CompleF Emer=encies
#he &udden on&et0 or chan+e o* inten&it,0 o* an e(er+enc,J and0 ab&ence o*
ade)uate re&ource& in I&itu re)uired to pro-ide &tructure and &upport *or a
ne or &tren+thened coordination (echani&(.
In each ca&e0 the dep.o,(ent o* an $%'A" tea( i& decided b, the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator (98") in con&u.tation ith the $nited %ation&
8e&ident F Hu(anitarian coordinator and a**ected 4o-ern(ent0 a& nece&&ar,.
#he #ea( nor(a.., &ta,& in the a**ected are *or the initia. period and *ir&t pha&e
o* an e(er+enc, operation.
C#2 UNDAC (tandard "erms of %eference
In &uddenA on&et e(er+encie&0 or in a &udden deterioration o* the
condition o* an e(er+enc,0 !"HA can decide to di&patch an $%'A" tea( under
the authorit, o* the =oint (e(o o* the $%'6 Ad(ini&trator F98" o* 26 7arch0
1999 and para 9 o* $%'6 A&&i&tant Ad(ini&trator& (e(o nu(ber $%'6F A'7
93F57 o* 2 /epte(ber 1993.
#he *o..oin+ are &tandard ter(& o* re*erence +i-en to (e(ber& o* an
internationa. $%'A" tea(. #he, (a, be (odi*ied0 dependin+ on the
re)uire(ent& o* the &ituation.
1. #he $%'A" tea( i& a too. pro-ided b, the 98" that i.. ork in &upport0
and under the authorit,0 o* the $nited %ation& 8e&ident F Hu(anitarian
"oordinator (the "oordinator)0 or an, other .ead entit, appointed b, the
$nited %ation& /ecretar, I4enera..
51
2. #he $%'A" tea( i.. cooperate c.o&e., ith and &upport the nationa. and
.oca. authoritie& o* an a**ected countr, re&pon&ib.e *or the e(er+enc,
re&pon&e a& appropriate.
3. #he $%'A" tea( i.. a&&i&t in the a&&e&&(ent o* internationa. re.ie*
re)uire(ent& durin+ the *ir&t pha&e o* the e(er+enc, and0 hen
nece&&ar,0 in the coordination o* internationa. re.ie* operation& at the &ite
o* the e(er+enc,.
4. #he $%'A" tea( i.. *ocu& it& acti-itie& on the onA&ite &ituation o* an
e(er+enc, and there*ore0 hen po&&ib.e0 i((ediate., upon arri-a. in the
a**ected countr, &eek the *a&te&t (ean& to tra-e. to the a**ected area
here it i.. act a& a *oca. point o* the $nited %ation& in cooperation ith
$% a+enc, repre&entati-e& pre&ent.
5. In e(er+encie& ith a ideA&pread +eo+raphica. &cope0 the $%'A" tea(
i.. be ba&ed in the o**ice o* the coordinator0 and0 a& *ar a& po&&ib.e0 co-er
area& o* &pecia. intere&t to it& (i&&ion throu+h *ie.dAtrip&.
6. #he $%'A" tea( i.. report to the "oordinator and in*or( hi(Fher o* the
onA&ite &ituation and other in*or(ation hich (i+ht0 inter a.ia0 be inc.uded
in !"HA in*or(ation di&tribution to di&a&ter re.ie* or+ani?ation an dthe
internationa. co((unit,.
7. :hen re)uired0 the $%'A" tea( i.. act a& a cata.,&t in the
e&tab.i&h(ent o* an !nA&ite !peration& "oordination "entre (!/!"") at
the &ite o* the e(er+enc, or0 in e(er+encie& ith a ideA&pread
+eo+raphica. &cope0 &upport a ne or &tren+thened coordination
(echani&( ithin the o**ice o* the "oordinator.
52
8. #he $%'A" tea( i.. a&&i&t the 8e&ident F Hu(anitarian "oordinator in
en&urin+ that re+u.ar reportin+ on the &ituation0 need& and re.ie* e**ort& i&
(ade to the $nited %ation& 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator. #hi& i..
nor(a.., be throu+h the 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch o* !"HA 4ene-a.
9. #he $%'A" tea( i.. (aintain co((unication .ink& ith and report on
the pro+re&& o* it& ork to !"HA head)uarter& throu+hout the duration o*
the (i&&ion.
10. #he $%'A" tea( i& (obi.i?ed *or a particu.ar e(er+enc, pri(ari., b,
uti.i?in+ &pecia.i?ed e(er+enc, (ana+er& (ade te(porari., a-ai.ab.e b,
(e(ber &tate o* the $%. It i& thu& a te(porar, entit, hich i& e(bodied
*or the e(er+enc, pha&e o* a di&a&ter on., hich nor(a.., .a&t& at (o&t
2A3 eek&.
C#3 "he UNDAC ,ission CDcle
4i-en be.o i& an out.ine o* action& hich an $%'A" (e(ber (a, be
re)uired to take durin+ the -ariou& &ta+e& o* a t,pica. (i&&ion c,c.e co((encin+
*ro( preparation o* the (i&&ion to .e&&on& .earned.
2# UNDAC member's A:areness (pre@mission info!
- the internationa. di&a&ter en-iron(ent (the con&e)uence& o* *.ood&0
earth)uake&0 re*u+ee0 (o-e(ent&0 etc.)
- the ke, p.a,er& (ho are the,) and their (andate&
- internationa. hu(anitarian .a
- internationa. re&ource& *or re.e-ant in*or(ation (e.+. eb &ite&)
- !"HAH& coordination (andate L $%'A" rai&on dHetre1 ho0 hat0
here and hen
53
2# $ersonal preparation as an UNDAC team member
- Eaccination& F(edica.
- 2a(i.,
- 6h,&ica. (preA0 durin+0 L po&tA(i&&ion)
- Cit (per&ona. L $%'A" tea( e)uip(ent)
- /tate o* readine&&
3# UNDAC mobili;ation
- Cno the &,&te(1
- /tep b, &tep
- 2or(& and procedure&
- %ationa.F4ene-a .e-e.
- "ontractua. arran+e(ent& *or1
- In&urance
- <iabi.it,
- 8eadine&&
- "o(pen&ation
- "ontract&
- <en+th& o* (i&&ion
- 'ai., &ub&i&tence A..oance ('/A)
- "erti*icateF docu(entation
- /tatu& a& a 3$% 9;pert on 7i&&ion5
- ".i(atic condition& at di&a&ter area
- Arran+e(ent *or e-acuation in the e-ent o* &eriou& in=ur,
Fi..ne&&
- Arran+e(ent& F preparation& *or the po&&ibi.it, o* death
54
.# DeploDment
- ter(& o* re*erence
- (i&&ion ob=ecti-e& (deter(ined in con&u.tation ith $% 8e&ident
"oordinator and !"HA 4ene-a)
- brie*in+ ((i&&ion0 ro.e&0 e;pectation&0 (ethod& o* operation0 brie*in+
*i.e0 initia. 6.an o* Action)
- tea( capabi.it, ((e(ber&H &tren+th& and eakne&&e&0 and
co..ecti-e.,)
- tea( .eaderH& ro.e and re&pon&ibi.itie& to the tea(0 and to the
or+ani?ation
- &ecurit, &ituation
8# ArriCal in countrD
- contact& (ho0 h,)
- entr, *or(a.itie& (*or(&0 te.eco((unication& and I# e)uip(ent.)
- .o+i&tic practica.itie& (bi..&0 tran&port0 (one,0 *ood etc.)
- &e.ect appropriate tea( pro*i.e .e-e.F-i&ibi.it, on entr,
- (arketin+ our &er-ice& (u&in+ tar+eted .iterature0 pre&entation&0
(e(ber& pro*i.e&)
- identi*,in+ the ke, peop.e and +ainin+ their con*idence a& &oon a&
po&&ib.e
- e&tab.i&hin+ co((unication .ink& (ith the *i.ed0 !"HA 4ene-a)
1# Orientation phase
- to di&pe. preAconcei-ed idea& and reAad=u&t ob=ecti-e& on *acin+
rea.it,
- be+innin+ o* the in*or(ation (ana+e(ent proce&& hich continue&
throu+hout
55
- identi*, the ke, i&&ue&0 e&tab.i&h a c.ear ai(Fob=ecti-e& and then
&ta, *ocu&&ed
- a.thou+h (i&&ion& are &hort0 .ook at tran&ition (&hortA(ediu(A.on+
ter()0 i.e. hat happen& a*ter the $%'A" (i&&ion& and p.an the
e;it &trate+, no
- in 8e&ident "oordinatorH& Fother ke, p.a,er&H (+o-t.0 $% a+encie&)
con*idence and (ana+e their e;pectation&
- +et a *ee.in+ *or the &ecurit, &ituation.
+# $lan of action
- :h, a p.an o* actionF ho ith
- "ontent& (ti(e&0 ob=ecti-e&0 etc.)
- /tate& c.ear., to the tea( and to out&ider& hat $%'A" i& doin+ in
the countr,K
- 4i-e& (i&&ion *ocu&0 i.e. *aci.itatin+ interAa+enc, coordination or
(ore in &upport o* bi.atera. re.ie* Ftea(&.
3# EFecution
(a) A&&i&t and ork under the $% 8e&ident "oordinator1
- :ho i& Fhat i& 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator
- #heir #er( o* 8e*erence (#!8) and ro.e& in &peci*ic di&a&ter
&ituation&
- 98" re&pon&ibi.it,0 ro.e0 poer etc.
(b) 6articipate in the '7#1
- :hat i& it F ho &it& in it
- Ho i& it &uppo&ed to ork
- It& re&pon&ibi.it, -i& a -i& the a**ected countr,
- A& an e**ecti-e p.at*or( *or coordination (,e& in theor,0 but in
practiceK)
(c) 6ro-ide cro&& &ectora. &upport to in*or(ation and re&pon&e coordination1
- :hat do the&e thin+& (ean (i.e. hat are the ta&k&F acti-itie& the,
i(p.,)
56
- Ho do e acco(p.i&h the&e thin+& ta&k&F acti-itie&
- Identi*, and obtain the &upport e re)uire (4o-t. /er-ice 6acka+e&F
7i.itar, and "i-i. 'e*ence A&&et& (7"'A)).
(d) 6articipate in =oin a&&e&&(ent (o* &ituation0 re&pon&e L re.ie* need&)J
- Cno the characteri&tic& and need& o* other &takeho.der& in
a&&e&&(ent
- :here0 hen L ho to carr, out =oint a&&e&&(ent
- Ho $%'A" can be&t &upport the =oint a&&e&&(ent
- Ho to achie-e con&i&tenc, o* a&&e&&(ent in*or(ation
- Ho to prioriti?e need& and act a& an arbiter beteen &takeho.der&
- Ho to identi*, +ap&0 o-er.ap&0 and ine**icient or eak re&pon&e
- Ho to pre&ent a&&e&&(ent *indin+&
&ut assessment in the UNDAC conteFt is more than Bust surCeD and
reportin=A it is the :hole information ,ana=ement cDcle>
- 'e*ine priorit, in*or(ation re)uire(ent&
- "o..ect he re.e-ant in*or(ation
- "o..ate the in*or(ation co..ected
- "on&o.idate and or+ani?e the in*or(ation
- Ana.,?e the co..ate and con&o.idated in*or(ation
- 7ake reco((ended cour&e& o* action0 *or deci&ionA(aker&
- 8eport and di&&e(inate the *indin+& and reco((endation&0 a&
appropriate
(e) "oordination1
- :ho are the (a=or p.a,er&K
- :hat are their e;pre&&ed intention&0 L their po&&ib.e a+enda&K
- :hat doe& coordination (ean to di**erent peop.eF a+encie&K
- I& there a 3(ain p.an5 or (ode. *or coordination L i& it orkab.e.
- Identi*, po&&ib.e con*.ict& o* intere&t
- :hat i& orkin+ in thi& &ituation L hat i&HntK
- Identi*, and ana.,&e e;i&tin+ coordination *ora *or &tren+th&F
eakne&&e&
57
- 6ractice (i.e. +roup e;erci&e&) in 3coordination5 in a ran+e o*
di**erent &cenario& re)uirin+ -ariou& di**erent .e-e.& o* coordination
*ro( the 3e.co(e0 ha-e a cup o* tea5 o**ice0 throu+h to the *u..A
b.on !/!"" re)uired *or co(p.e; e(er+encie&.
(*) /itrep&J
- :hat are the,0 ho are their audience and hat i& their purpo&eF
- Ho are the, con*i+ured L hat the, &hou.dF &hou.d not containF
- Ho are the, prepared (doH& and donHtH&)
- :hat i& the $%'A" ro.e in preparin+ the(K
- :hat happen& to the( in 4ene-aK
- 6ractice +ood &itrep producin+ &ki..& (b, readin+ ritin+ L criti)uin+
the()
(+) Appea.&
- :hat are the,0 ho are their audience and hat i& their purpo&eF
- :hen to do the(0 hen not to (the, &hou.d be +enerated inAcountr,
F be =oint)
- Ho are the, con*i+ured L hat the, &hou.dF &hou.d not contain
- :hat i& the e;tent o* $%'A"H& (&upportin+ ro.e ) in their
preparation
- Ho the, are i(p.e(ented in the countr,0 L hat happen& to the(
in 4ene-a
- 6ractice +ood appea. producin+ &ki..& (b, readin+0 ritin+ L
criti)uin+ the()
(h) 7aintain .ink& ith the '8> de&k F2"/$ (i.e. the /tandard !peratin+
6rocedure& (/!6&) *or)1
- Ceepin+ in contact
- 8eportin+
- 7o-e(ent
- 6er&onne.0 etc.
58
/# Consolidation $hase
- An open di&cu&&ionJ 3 are e on the ri+ht trackK5
- Are the ri+ht peop.e doin+ the ri+ht =ob&
- Are tea( (e(ber& +ettin+ the &upport the, need
- Ana.,&e di&tribution o* ork .oad (do e need to rotateK)
2# UNDAC team Disen=a=ement (pullin=@ out !$hase
- 9;it &trate+ie& ((u&t be inte+ra. to the tea(H& entr, &trate+ie&0 i.e.
in the 6.an o* Action)
- ".ari*, to partner& that $%'A" i& not there *or e-er0 but =u&t a &ta+e
in a .on+er proce&&
- :ho (ake& the deci&ion0 ba&ed on hat0 c.earance& and need&
- Indicator& *or ithdraa.
- 2u.. pro partia. pu..Aout0 ho to hand o-er *unction& to
- 9n&ure &,&te(& are in p.ace to a-oid tota. breakdon o* &tructure&
the tea( &etAup
- :hat e)uip(ent &ta,& behind (i.e. i& .e*t *or counterpart& to
continue u&in+)
- >rin+ in other re&ource& F counterpart&F a+encie& ear.ier0 to *aci.itate
handAo-er
- 3&hadoin+5 b, .oca. counterpart& *ro( the &tart o* the (i&&ion0 to
bui.d capacit,
22# 4eneCa debrief
- ith ho( (in-o.-e the ho.e tea(K)
- t,pe o* debrie* F*or(atF pre&entation
- keep inAhou&e to i(pro-e the &,&te( (i.e. ith con*identia.it,) and F
or open to pro(ote tran&parenc, and con*idence in the $%'A"
&,&te(F
59
- hen (ho &oon a*ter the (i&&ion end1 and i((ediate 3po&t
(i&&ion5 unburdenin+ o* the tea( (e(ber& and F or a .ater *a..oA
up o* (e(ber&H (enta. L ph,&ica. &tate&K
)essons learned from the ,ission
- *or 3c.o&in+ the .oopH
- a correcti-e action proce&& to i(pro-e practiceF recti*, prob.e(&
- a a, o* (arketin+ out &er-ice& (3continuou& i(pro-e(ent5 *or
*uture (i&&ion&)
- pro-idin+ *eedAback to tea( (e(ber& about the correcti-e action
proce&&
- (i&&ion report&5 their purpo&e0 audience (the $%'A" #ea( L *oca.
point&0 the $% tea( in countr,0 the nationa. +o-t.0 !"HA de&k&0
donor&K)
- a &tandardi?ed *or(at *or report&0 and approach to their production
on (i&&ion
- ho bi+ (i.e. ho (uch ti(e and e**ort &hou.d be e;pended on
the(K)
C#. (kills needed from UNDAC members
*ntroduction
#hi& &ection atte(pt& to break a t,pica. $%'A" (i&&ion c,c.e into it&
inherent &e)uentia. co(ponent& and ana.,&e the kno.ed+e an $%'A" (e(ber
need& or -ariou& action& heF&he (a, be ca..ed upon to per*or( at each &ta+e o*
the (i&&ion. It &hou.d pro-ide $%'A" (e(ber& ith a check.i&t that a..o& the(
to anticipate the ne;t &tep& the, (a, need to take durin+ a (i&&ion. %ot a.. the
action& .i&ted here are app.icab.e a.. the ti(e and thi& i& pri(ari., (eant to be a
+uide *or the $%'A" (e(ber& di&cretionar, u&e.
60
Core UNDAC Skills
e cannot rea.., in*.uence an indi-idua.H& )ua.itie& on &hort $%'A" cour&e&0 there*ore e (u&t re*ine
the &e.ection proce&& (n. >. %ot =u&t the &e.ection criteria)
e can train &o(e &ki..& on re&ti-e., &hort cour&e& but not other&0 there*ore pro&pecti-e (e(ber& (u&t
co(e to the cour&e& a.read, e)uipped ith certain &ki..&
e can i(part the &peci*ic kno.ed+e to *unction e**ecti-e., on $%'A" (i&&ion& throu+h &hort cour&e&0
&o thi& &hou.d be the e(pha&i& o* our cour&e content&
61
(kills
needed
for
UNDAC
missions
D# ,obili;ation and ,ission
Administrator
D#2# (tandard ,obili;in= $rocedure
7obi.i?ation o* an $%'A" tea( i.. be co((enced on the occurrence0 or
ear., arnin+0 o* a &uddenAon&et natura. di&a&ter in hich ear., in*or(ation
indicate& that an $%'A" tea( (i+ht be needed. #he (obi.i?ation i.. *o..o a
preA&et routine in 4 pha&e&1 (i) In*or(ation0 (2) A.ert0 (3) /tandAb,0 and (4)
'i&patch. #he $%'A" (obi.i?ation procedure can be interrupted at an, ti(e b,
the tran&(i&&ion o* a /tandAdon (e&&a+e (73b).
#o te.ephone nu(ber& de&i+nated *or co((unication& ith !"HAA
4ene-a i.. be u&ed durin+ the (obi.i?ation o* an $%'A" tea(J
2ac&i(i.e 1 @41 (22) 917A0023
#e.ephone 1 @41 (22) 917A1600
D# 2#2 ,obili;ation
*nformation (,#!
1. :hen a .ar+e e(er+enc, occur&0 !"HA I 4ene-a (2"/$) can &end an
in*or(ation (e&&a+e (70) to the %ationa. 7obi.i?ation "entre o* a..
countrie& participatin+ in $%'A".
2. %o con*ir(ation or other rep., need be &ent to !"HAA4ene-a
3. An in*or(ation (e&&a+e i.. not auto(atica.., tri++er other $%'A"
(e&&a+e&.
62
Alert (,#2!
1. !"HAA 4ene-a &end& an a.ert (e&&a+e ((1) to the %ationa. 7obi.i?in+
"entre o* a.. countrie& participatin+ in $%'A". An a.ert (e&&a+e need not
be preceded b, an in*or(ation (e&&a+e.
2. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& pa&& the (e&&a+e0 b, prearran+ed
(ean& o* co((unication0 to the $%'A" &tandAb, tea( (e(ber&.
3. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& cop, the a.ert (e&&a+e to the nationa.
authorit, re&pon&ib.e *or $%'A".
4. #he (e(ber& con*ir( receipt o* the a.ert (e&&a+e to the %ationa.
7obi.i?in+ "entre&.
5. #he (e(ber& rep., direct., to !"HAA4ene-a (71 Irep.,)0 indicatin+ their
a-ai.abi.it,0 contact point0 the airport c.o&e&t to their pre&ent .ocation and
the ear.ie&t ti(e the, can be at the airport read, *or departure to the
di&a&ter &ite.
(tand 5bD (,#2!
6. !"HAA 4ene-a0 dependin+ on the (a+nitude and t,pe o* di&a&ter0 &e.ect&
and $%'A" tea( *ro( a(on+&t $%'A" (e(ber& ho ha-e indicated
the, are a-ai.ab.e *or (i&&ion.
7. !"HAA4ene-a &end& a &tandAb, (e&&a+e (72) to the %ationa. 7obi.i?in+
"entre&0 indicatin+ the na(e& o* the &e.ected (e(ber&.
8. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& pa&& thi& in*or(ation to a.. (e(ber& and
to the nationa. authorit, re&pon&ib.e *or $%'A".
63
9. #he &e.ected (e(ber& con*ir( receipt o* the &tandAb, (e&&a+e to the
%ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& and a.&o direct., to !"HAA4ene-a.
10. #he &e.ected (e(ber& prepare *or their departure.
Dispatch (,#3a!
11. !"HAA 4ene-a0 in .i+ht o* the de-e.op(ent o* the di&a&ter &ituation0
(ake& the deci&ion to di&patch an $%'A" tea(.
12. !"HAA4ene-a (ake& *.i+ht re&er-ation& *or the &e.ected (e(ber& and
arran+e& *or the i&&uin+ o* preApaid ticket& to be co..ected b, the &e.ected
(e(ber& at the airport& o* their departure.
13. !"HAA 4ene-a take& out in&urance co-erin+ (edica. e-acuation *or a..
&e.ected (e(ber& (&ee "hapter ".10 *or (ore detai.& o* co-era+e0 etc).
%!#90 a.. other nece&&ar, in&urance i& the re&pon&ibi.it, o* the &e.ected
(e(ber or hi& +o-ern(entF or+ani?ation.
14. !"HAA 4ene-a &end& a di&patch (e&&a+e (73a) to the %ationa.
(obi.i?in+ "entre&0 &tatin+ it& deci&ion to di&patch a tea( and inc.udin+
tra-e. arran+e(ent& *or each &e.ected (e(ber.
15. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& i((ediate., in*or( the &e.ected (e(ber&
o* !"HAA 4ene-aH& deci&ion.
16. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& in*or( a.&o the nationa. authorit,
re&pon&ib.e *or $%'A" a& e.. a& nonA&e.ected (e(ber& o* !"HAA
4ene-aH& deci&ion.
64
17. #he &e.ected (e(ber& con*ir( receipt o* the di&patch (e&&a+e to !"HAA
4ene-a and to the %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre.
18. #he &e.ected (e(ber& depart *or the $%'A" (i&&ion.
D#2#2 (tand 5do:n (,#3b!
1. !"HAA4ene-a0 in .i+ht o* the de-e.op(ent o* the di&a&ter &ituation0
(ake& the deci&ion to &tandAdon the $%'A" tea(.
2. !"HA I 4ene-a &end& a &tandAdon (e&&a+e (73b0 to a.. %ationa.
7obi.i?in+ "entre&.
3. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& pa&& the (e&&a+e to a.. (e(ber& a& e..
a& to the nationa. authorit, re&pon&ib.e *or $%'A".
4. A.. (e(ber& con*ir( receipt o* the &tandAdon (e&&a+e to the %ationa.
7obi.i?in+ "entre and direct., to !"HA I4ene-a.
D#2#3 "ermination of ,ission
1. !nce an $%'A" tea( i& in countr, and ha& co(p.eted it& (i&&ion0 the
deci&ion to ter(inate the $%'A" tea(&H& (i&&ion i& taken b, !"HA
4ene-a in con&u.tation ith0 the 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator and
the #ea( <eader.
D#2#. "est (m#2@ test and m#2@ test!
#he abo-e (obi.i?ation procedure& i.. be te&ted at re+u.ar inter-a.&
()uarter.,). #he te&t i.. *o..o the procedure de&cribed be.oJ
65
1. !"HAA 4ene-a &end& a te&t (e&&a+e (71 I te&t) to the %ationa.
7obi.i?in+ "entre o* a.. countrie& participatin+ in $%'A".
2. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre pa&& the (e&&a+e0 b, prearran+ed (ean&
o* co((unication&0 to the (e(ber&.
3. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre& cop, the te&t (e&&a+e to the nationa.
authorit, re&pon&ib.e *or $%'A".
4. #he (e(ber& rep., direct., to !"HAA4ene-a ((1A te&t).
5. !"HAA 4ene-a &end& a re&pon&e (e&&a+e (72Ate&t) to the %ationa.
7obi.i?in+ "entre0 .i&tin+ the (e(ber& that re&ponded and indicatin+ the
ti(e their rep.ie& ere recei-ed at !"HA I 4ene-a.
6. #he %ationa. 7obi.i?in+ "entre in*or(& the nationa. authorit, re&pon&ib.e
*or $%'A" o* the re&u.t& o* the te&t.
7. 9nd o* te&t.
D#2 $ersonal $reparedness Checklist
".othin+ and e)uip(ent re)uire(ent& *or an $%'A" (i&&ion i.. -ar,
accordin+ to the .ocation o* the di&a&ter0 the c.i(ate and cu.ture o* the a**ected
area0 the &ea&on0 e;tent o* da(a+e0 and other *actor&. #ea( (e(ber& are
e;pected to (aintain a hi+h .e-e. o* readine&& to a..o the( to .ea-e on (i&&ion
at -er, &hort notice and to be *u.., independent throu+hout the (i&&ion ith
re+ard to c.othin+ and per&ona. e**ect&.
Ite(& be.o (arked ith an a&teri&k are part o* the $%'A" &tandard
e)uip(ent i&&ue.
66
D#2#2 Documents
1. 6a&&port and e;tra pa&&port photo& (6)0 ith copie& o* the pa&&port
2. Internationa. certi*icate o* -accination&0 ith copie& o* the certi*icate&
3. Internationa. dri-in+ .icen&e0 ith copie& o* the .icen&e
4. "redit card&0 tra-e..erH& check&0 *orei+n currenc, (inc.udin+ $/ do..ar& in
&(a.. deno(ination&)
5. ".ipboard0 paper0 pen&0 penci.&
D#2#2 $ersonal and "eam *tems
4eneral
1. 2ood and .i)uid *or the *ir&t 72 hour& o* the (i&&ion (in ca&e none i&
initia.., a-ai.ab.e)
2. M 8uck&ack
3. ".othin+ (at .ea&t 2 chan+e&)0 underear and &turd, a.kin+ &hoe&
appropriate *or the .ocation0 e.e-ation0 ti(e o* ,ear and e;pected duration
o* the (i&&ion (nor(a.., .e&& than to eek&)
4. Dacket and tie (*or (eetin+& ith .oca. o**icia.& a& appropriate. 2e(a.e
$%'A" (e(ber& to ha-e appropriate c.othin+)
5. M 8ain +ear (=acket and trou&er&0
6. M /.eepin+ ba+
7. M 2oa( (attre&&
8. 9;tra pair o* +.a&&e& (contact .en&e& are not reco((ended)
9. 2 pair& o* &un+.a&&e& (,ou can ea&i., .o&e a pair)
10. M $%'A" identi*ication kit (-e&t0 ar(Abad+e and *ie.d cap)
11. 'u&t (a&k&
67
12. M <i+htei+ht &to-e and one .itre bott.e *or *ue. (e(pt, *or air tran&port)
13. 7u+0 p.ate0 eatin+ uten&i.&
14. #oi.et artic.e&
15. #oi.et paper
16. 9ar 6.u+&
17. 2.a&h.i+ht ith &pare bu.b and batterie&
18. 6ocket kni*e (/i&& ar(, (ode.)
19. /ein+ kit
20. /hoeFboot po.i&h and bru&he&
21. :a&hin+ poder (u&ab.e in co.d ater)
22. >a.. o* &trin+
23. 6.a&tic ba+&
24. 7atche&
25. "and.e&
26. $ni-er&a. adaptor& *or te.eco((unication e)uip(ent
27. "anteen

6arm 6eather
1. 7o&)uito net
2. "oo. boot&F&hoe&
8e(e(ber that &hort &.ee-e& and &hort& (a, not be cu.tura.., acceptab.e
in &o(e countrie&.
Cold 6eather
1. M inter =acket and o-er trou&er&
2. :ar( boot& (ater Ire&i&tant)
3. Hea-, &ock&0 +.o-e&0 ther(a. underear and ar( hat
68
,edicalEHealth
/ee a.&o "hapter <. 6er&ona. Hea.th.
1. M 2ir&tAaid kit inc.udin+J
a&h &ab&
dr, &ab&
a&&orted banda+e&
+au?e ro..er banda+e
*ir&tAaid re&cue &heet
protecti-e +.o-e&
re&pirator, &heet
c.ean&in+ &ab&
&ci&&or&
2. M/tandard :ho hea.th Cit inc.udin+1
antibiotic tab.et&
reh,dration &a.t&
diar&ed (a+ain&t diarrhoea)
antiAin*.a((ator, crea(
(a.aria proph,.actic&
pre-ention o* (,co&i& (poder and crea()
in&ect repe..ent
in&ecticide poder
&in+.eAu&e di&po&ab.e &,rin+e& and need.e&
3. !-erAthe counter painki..er&
4. 6re&cription (edicine *or e;pected .en+th o* &ta,
5. :ater puri*ication tab.et& or drop&
6. /un &creen (15 or hi+her)
7. <ip &a.-e
69
8. "erti*icate o* b.ood t,pe
Optional
1. "a(era and *i.(
2. "o(pa&&
3. A.ar( c.ock
4. 7icro Ica&&ette recorder
5. 6ocket I&i?e binocu.ar&
6. 9.ectrica. adapter& *or app.iance&
7. #abacco
8. 3'o+ #a+H ith na(e0 nationa.it, and b.ood t,pe
*tems *ncluded in <arious UNDAC ,ission (upport EGuipment
#he $%'A" (i&&ion &upport kit& are &tored at !"HAA4ene-a and i.. be
dep.o,ed ith !"HAA4ene-a (e(ber& o* an $%'A" (i&&ion a& =ud+ed
nece&&ar,1
1. #e.eco((unication e)uip(ent (&ee "hapter 4)
2. 4.oba. 6o&itionin+ /,&te( (46/)
3. 9(er+enc, o**ice kit (&ee "hapter 4)
4. "ar *.a+&
D#2#3 <accinations
$%'A" &tandAb, tea( (e(ber& &hou.d ha-e their -accination& up to
date and re+i&tered in an internationa. certi*icate o* -accination (:H! &tandard
reco((ended). It i& un.ike., that there i.. be ti(e to arran+e *or -accination&
be*ore departure. 7ore in*or(ation on per&ona. h,+iene in tropica. area& and
-accination& i& to be *ound in the chapter on hea.th and in the brochure inc.uded
in the :H! hea.th kit.
70
1. Eaccination a+ain&t ,e..o *e-er i& re)uired b, &o(e countrie& *or entr,
into their territor,0 in accordance ith internationa. hea.th re+u.ation&0
dependin+ on the tra-e..erH& point o* departure and itinerar,.
2. "ertain -accination& are reco((ended1
#etanu&
6o.io
Hepatiti& A
Hepatiti& >
#,phoid
7enin+iti&
D#2#. "eam )eader Checklist
1. :here to (eet the tea(
2. 6repare brie*in+ *i.e
3. 6repare &peci*ic ite(& *or tea( brie*in+
4. #ra-e. authori?ation&
5. #ea( (e(ber contract&
6. Ei&a&
7. $% certi*icate&
8. 6re&& packA !"HAF'8>F2"/$ pa(ph.et& and handout&
9. /!/ pa&&port
10. #ea( (e(ber tra-e..erH& check&
11. $%'A" tea( e)uip(ent
12. "u&to(& paper& *or $%'A" tea( e)uip(ent
13. In&urance *or e)uip(ent carried
14. <i&t o* contact point& (addre&&e&0 te.ephone nu(ber&0 etc.)
15. 6re.i(inar, di-i&ion o* ro.e& F re&pon&ibi.itie& o* tea( (e(ber&
71
D#3 Collection of &aseline Data
6rior to the departure o* the $%'A" tea(0 it i& e&&entia. to co..ect a..
a-ai.ab.e re.e-ant data hich cou.d be u&e*u. *or the &ucce&&*u. per*or(ance o*
the (i&&ion. A& it i.. not be po&&ib.e to brie* a.. tea( (e(ber& in 4ene-a0 the
'e&k !**icer0 to+ether ith the !"HA tea( .eader0 i.. co..ect a.. re.e-ant data in
a >rie*in+ 2i.e *or the $%'A" tea( (e(ber&. #hi& i.. be done durin+ the
(obi.i?ation pha&e o* an $%'A" tea(.
D#3#2 "he UNDAC &riefin= File
#he content& o* the >rie*in+ 2i.e &hon be.o inc.ude a -ariet, o* po&&ib.e
in*or(ation. Additiona. (ateria. can be added a& appropriate.
Contents
1. #he &ituation
In*or(ation F/ituation 8eport& on the di&a&ter
2ie.d &ituation 8eport&
<ate&t 8euter& report&
!ther in*or(ation0 e.+. I28" report&0 etc.
2. "ountr, In*or(ation
"ountr, pro*i.e
!ther a-ai.ab.e in*or(ation on the countr,0 e.+. /tate&(anH& Gearbook
7edia report&
3. 7ap&
7ap co-erin+ the ho.e countr,
7ap co-erin+ the a**ected area (.ar+e &ca.e)
72
4. "orre&pondence
8e)ue&t *or a&&i&tance
Announce(ent to $% 8e&ident "oordinator o* $%'A" tea(H& arri-a.
<ate&t in*or(ation on contribution&0 p.ed+e&0 !"HA e(er+enc, +rant0
etc.
5. 8e*erence 7ateria.
!"HAF'8> In*or(ation /heet
8eport& on pre-iou& di&a&ter& in the area
<i&t o* +ood& a-ai.ab.e at the 6i&a arehou&e.
6. 2or(&
2a; *or(&
/tandard /ur-e, *or(&
"ontac 6oint *or(&
<o+ *or(&
D#3#2 Additional *nformation (carried bD the team leader!
1. 4enera.
#er(& o* 8e*erence
#ra-e. Authori?ation&
$% "erti*icate&
#ra-e. ad-ance
/!/ pa&&port
2. <i&t o* "ontact 6oint&
$% o**ice& in the countr,
73
6o&&ib.e contact& in the capita. ((ini&trie&0 e(ba&&ie&0 %4!H&0 hote.&0
tra-e. a+encie&0 etc.)
#e.ephoneF*a; .i&t o* !"HAA4ene-aF%e Gork &ta** (inc.udin+ ho(e
nu(ber&)
3. <i&t o* 9)uip(ent
#e.eco((unication& e)uip(ent
!**ice e)uip(ent
!ther e)uip(ent
D#.# *nternational "raCel
"raCel documents
2or tra-e..er& departin+ *or( point& other than !"HA head)uarter&0 the
ticket *or internationa. tra-e. i.. nor(a.., be i&&ued b, the air.ine at the airport o*
departure. I*0 *or an, rea&on0 the ticket &hou.d not be a-ai.ab.e0 $%'A" (e(ber&
&hou.d contact !"HA i((ediate.,. #ra-e..er &hou.d +o to the airport a& ear., a&
po&&ib.e to ha-e a (ar+in *or an, prob.e(& ith the departure arran+e(ent&. In
addition to the ticket0 the *o..oin+ docu(ent& &hou.d be carried b, the tra-e..er1
nationa. pa&&port0 internationa. -accination certi*icate and internationa. dri-er&
.icen&e.
An atte&tation i.. be *a;ed to a.. (e(ber& o* the (i&&ion ith the $%'A"
di&patch (e&&a+e0 &tatin+ that the tra-e..er i& tra-e..in+ on an o**icia. $nited
%ation& re.ie* (i&&ion and that -i&a&0 i* re)uired0 i.. be i&&ued on arri-a. throu+h
the .oca. $nited %ation& repre&entati-e. #he atte&tation a.&o re)ue&t& a&&i&tance
in *aci.itatin+ the =ourne, o* the tea( (e(ber.
,oneD
74
In $%'A" (i&&ion0 &ub&i&tence a..oance *or a.. tea( (e(ber& ho do
not depart *ro( !"HA head)uarter&0 i.. be carried b, the tea( .eader in the
*or( o* tra-e..er& che)ue& *or handAo-er at the (ar&ha..in+ point. In addition to
the &ub&i&tence a..oance0 a.. tra-e..er& are &tron+., ad-i&ed to carr, &u**icient
(ean& *or the initia. period o* the (i&&ion. A.. tra-e..er& are a.&o ad-i&ed to carr,
ca&h in &(a.. deno(ination&0 to a .i(it acceptab.e *or &ecurit, rea&on&
(deter(ined b, the tra-e..er)0 in a currenc, acceptab.e in the a**ected countr,
u&ua.., ($./. do..ar& or other (a=or internationa. currencie&). #ra-e..er& &hou.d
bear in (ind that in certain &ituation& it i& not po&&ib.e to tran&*or( tra-e..er&
che)ue& or credit& in ca&h a*ter arri-a. in the a**ected countr, and &hou.d
there*ore arran+e *or thi& be*ore departure.
,arshallin=
:hene-er po&&ib.e0 !"HA i.. tr, to (ar&ha. the tea( at a point be*ore
arri-a. in the a**ected countr,. #hi& i.. u&ua.., be a (a=or internationa. hub *ro(
hich the (e(ber& o* the tea( i.. continue the =ourne, to the a**ected countr,
to+ether. I* it i& not po&&ib.e to 7ar&ha.. the tea( be*ore arri-a. in the a**ected
countr,0 the *ir&t entr, point i.. u&ua.., be u&ed a& the (ar&ha..in+ point.
"raCel
:hen tra-e..in+0 it i& i(portant that the tea( (e(ber& take the
opportunit, to +et a& (uch re&t a& po&&ib.e a& the, i.. be e;pected to take up
ork i((ediate., upon arri-a. in the a**ected countr,. /hou.d an,thin+
un*ore&een occur durin+ the =ourne,0 &uch a& (i&&in+ a *.i+ht connection0 !"HA
&hou.d be in*or(ed i((ediate.,.
)u==a=e
A& the =ourne, to the a**ected countr, (a, in-o.-e &e-era. *.i+ht chan+e&0
(e(ber& &hou.d pack their e)uip(ent in a a, that the, can carr, onAboard the
75
(o&t -ita. ite(& to a..o the( to *unction a*ter arri-a.. It i& reco((ended that the
nor(a. entit.e(ent& *or handA.u++a+e are u&ed to the (a;i(u(.
D#8# $lan of Action
An $%'A" (i&&ion p.an o* action &hou.d be e&tab.i&hed a& ear., a&
po&&ib.e in the (i&&ion. #he p.an o* action &hou.d re*.ect the in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e
on the e(er+enc,0 the (i&&ion ob=ecti-e& and the p.anned acti-itie& o* the
$%'A" tea( +i-en it& con&titution and (ean& a-ai.ab.e. #he $%'A" tea(
.eader i& re&pon&ib.e *or creatin+ the p.an o* action. #he tea( .eader &hou.d u&e
the co(petence o* the (e(ber& o* the tea( in de-e.opin+ the p.an. #he tea(
.eader i& a.&o re&pon&ib.e *or in*or(in+ !"HA and the $%F8e&ident
FHu(anitarian coordinator o* the p.an o* action and an, chan+e& to it a& the,
occur.
A.. (e(ber& o* the tea( &hou.d be brie*ed on the p.an o* action at the *ir&t
po&&ib.e opportunit,0 e.+. at the tea( (ar&ha..in+ point0 e-en i* the p.an at thi&
&ta+e on., pro-ide& a brie* (i&&ion operatin+ en-e.ope due to a .ack o*
in*or(ation on the e(er+enc, and inAcountr, &ituation. A.. (e(ber& o* the tea(
&hou.d be in*or(ed o* an, chan+e& to the p.an a& it de-e.op&.
D#8#2 Content
#he *o..oin+ point& &hou.d be addre&&ed in the p.an o* actionJ
/ituation
7i&&ion ob=ecti-e&
InAcountr, counterpart&
#ea( or+ani?ation
6ro+ra((e o* ork
<o+i&tic& and re&ource&
7i&&ion &upport
76
"o((unication&
/a*et, and &ecurit,
'ea.in+ ith the Internationa.F.oca. 7edia
(ituation &hou.d inc.ude knon in*or(ation on the di&a&ter e-ent0
da(a+e0 nationa. re&pon&e0 internationa. re&pon&e and pro=ected de-e.op(ent&
in the e(er+enc, &ituation inc.udin+ &econdar, ri&k&.
,ission ObBectiCes &hou.d re*.ect the +enera. $%'A" ter(& o* re*erence
and inc.ude the &peci*ic ob=ecti-e& o* the (i&&ion ba&ed on the direction& o* the
98"0 the e(er+enc, &ituation and inAcountr, &upport re)uire(ent&. #he (i&&ion
ob=ecti-e& &hou.d indicate the (ain *ocu& o* the (i&&ion e.+. a&&e&&(ent0
coordination0 in*or(ation (ana+e(ent0 e&tab.i&h(ent o* &upport &tructure&
(!/!"")0 <iai&on0 etcJ and the e;pected ba&e o* the (i&&ion0 e.+. in the capita.
ith *ie.d trip&0 or at the e(er+enc, &ite ith .iai&on in the capita.. 7i&&ion
ob=ecti-e& &hou.d a.&o inc.ude an e&ti(ation o* the duration o* the (i&&ion.
*n@countrD counterparts &hou.d na(e the $nited %ation& 8e&ident F
Hu(anitarian "oordinator0 under ho&e authorit, the tea( i.. ork in the
a**ected countr,0 a& e.. a& other i(portant counterpart& ithin the $% &,&te(
e.+. in countr, 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( ('7#) and the nationa. e(er+enc,
(ana+e(ent authorit,. !ne o* the *ir&t ta&k& o* an $%'A" tea( ou.d be to
brie* the $% 8e&ident "oordinatorF'7# on the tea(H& capabi.itie&. An out.ine o*
point& to be co-ered hi.e brie*in+ the '7# i& at pa+e.
"eam Or=ani;ation &hou.d inc.ude the or+ani?ation o* the tea( in &ubA
co(ponent& dependin+ on the (i&&ion ob=ecti-e& and pro+ra((e o* ork a&
e.. a& the a&&i+n(ent o* indi-idua. re&pon&ibi.itie& a(on+&t the tea( (e(ber&.
A ba&ic tea( &tructure &hou.d inc.ude re&pon&ibi.itie& *or in*or(ation
(a&&e&&(ent and reportin+)0 operation& (.iai&on ith di&a&ter re&ponder&)0
.o+i&tic& (tran&port0 board and .od+in+) and &upport (ad(ini&tration and
77
te.eco((unication&). #ea( or+ani?ation &hou.d a.&o inc.ude the a&&i+n(ent o*
*ie.d and capita. re&pon&ibi.itie& a& e.. a& a deci&ion on here the tea( i.. be
ba&ed *or it& ork ($%'60 hote.0 *ie.d .ocation0 etc.)
$ro=ramme of 6ork &hou.d inc.ude a de&cription (in a& (uch detai. a&
po&&ib.e) o* the acti-itie& p.anned in order to achie-e the (i&&ion ob=ecti-e&0 the
re.ation beteen the&e acti-itie& and the ti(e *ra(e *or their e;ecution (ear., in
the (i&&ion0 it (a, on., be po&&ib.e to indicate a de&irab.e &tart ti(e *or the
indi-idua. acti-itie&).
)o=istics and %esources &hou.d inc.ude in*or(ation on .o+i&tica.
arran+e(ent& in p.ace *or0 or re)uired b,0 the tea( &uch a& acco((odation and
tran&port a& e.. a& re&ource& a-ai.ab.e to the tea( &uch a& te.eco((unication&
e)uip(ent and (i&&ion &upport kit& e.+. o**ice kit. <o+i&tic& and re&ource& &hou.d
a.&o inc.ude *inancia. re&ource& a-ai.ab.e *or re.ie* acti-itie&0 &uch a& the !"HA
e(er+enc, +rant.
,ission (upport &hou.d inc.ude in*or(ation on (ea&ure& in p.ace to
back&top the (i&&ion *ro( !"HA head)uarter& a& e.. a& in*or(ation on the
!"HA de&kFtea( (ana+in+ the e(er+enc, at head)uarter&.
Communications &hou.d inc.ude in&truction on reportin+ beteen the
$%'A" tea( and !"HA head)uarter& (*or the 98") a& e.. a& beteen
$%'A" *ie.d tea(& and the 8e&ident F Hu(anitarian "oordinator in the capita..
(#he *ir&t report to !"HA head)uarter& &hou.d a.a,& be &ent a& ear., a&
po&&ib.e a*ter arri-a. in the a**ected countr,.) #herea*ter0 i* circu(&tance& per(it0
the tea( &hou.d &end a dai., /ituation 8eport *or the bene*it o* the e(er+enc,
8e.ie* "oordinator. It the tea( i& u&in+ radio co((unication& e)uip(ent (EH2 or
H2) co((unication& &hou.d a.&o inc.ude *re)uencie& to be u&ed0 indi-idua. ca..
&i+n&0 ti(e& *or contact& beteen the ba&e and *ie.d tea(& and0 hen
78
appropriate0 co((unication& re&triction& due to &ecurit, concern&. 2or *urther
re*erence on reportin+ &ee chapter 4.
(afetD and (ecuritD &hou.d inc.ude in*or(ation on &a*et, and &ecurit,
concern& in the a**ected countr, and at the di&a&ter &ite. /a*et, and &ecurit,
&hou.d a.&o inc.ude in&truction& *or tea( (o-e(ent& (e.+. budd, &,&te(0
reportin+) and identi*ication. 2or *urther re*erence on &a*et, and &ecurit, &ee
chapter '.9.
Dealin= :ith the *nternationalElocal ,edia in the current en-iron(ent o*
in&tant co((unication& F#E co-era+e0 the $%'A" tea( (u&t decide on their
&trate+, to dea. ith internationa. and nationa. (edia. #he tea( &hou.d no(inate
a &poke&per&on *or the internationa. (edia (nor(a.., the tea( .eader). #he&e
(a, be a need to no(inate a di**erent &poke&per&on *or the nationa. (edia i* the
tea( .eader i& not *.uent in the .an+ua+e &poken at the e(er+enc, &ite. #hi&
doe& not prec.ude an, #ea( (e(ber an&erin+ (edia )ue&tion& i* the
&poke&per&on i& not a-ai.ab.e. At the dai., operation& brie*in+0 the tea( &hou.d
decide on the point& to be (ade to the (edia. %or(a.., it i& be&t to be truth*u.0
con&er-ati-e and (ind*u. o* nationa. &en&iti-itie&. /ee /ection 4.7.2 *or *urther
detai.&.
D#8#2 Operations briefin=
An operation& brie*in+ &hou.d be +i-en to the tea( each da,. #he
operation& brie*in+ &hou.d re*.ect chan+e& in the 6.an o* Action and the
i((ediate ork p.anned *or the da, and co(in+ period. #he operation& brie*in+
&hou.d inc.ude1
%e de-e.op(ent& in the &ituation
An, chan+e& to the ob=ecti-e& o* the (i&&ion
'ai., ork pro+ra((e
An, chan+e& to tea( or+ani?ation and indi-idua. a&&i+n(ent&
79
#ea( (o-e(ent&
8e&ource& a-ai.ab.eFneeded
In&truction& on co((unication&
$pdate on &a*et, and &ecurit,
D#1 ArriCal and First (teps
*mmi=ration and Customs> I((ediate., upon arri-a. in the a**ected
countr,0 the tea( &hou.d proceed throu+h the nece&&ar, i((i+ration procedure&
and cu&to(& c.earance. 'ependin+ on the &ituation inAcountr,0 &o(e o* the
e)uip(ent &uch a& &ate..ite te.eco((unication (a, ha-e to be dec.ared at the
entr,. An in&truction to thi& e**ect &hou.d nor(a.., ha-e been +i-en to the tea(
.eader be*ore departure a*ter con&u.tation ith the 8e&identF Hu(anitarian
coordinator. I* no in&truction ha& been +i-en0 it i& a&&u(ed that no cu&to(&
c.earance i& re)uired. #he 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator i& a.a,&
in*or(ed o* the co((unication& e)uip(ent carried b, the tea( and &hou.d
nor(a.., (ake the nece&&ar, arran+e(ent& ith the a**ected countr, *or the
e)uip(ent to be entered.
First Contact> I* the tea( arri-e& in the capita.0 or at a point here the $%
8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator i& repre&ented0 the tea( &hou.d nor(a.., be
(et at the airport and taken to it& *ir&t point o* contact in the a**ected countr,.
Hoe-er0 thi& (a, not a.a,& be the ca&e. I* the tea( i& not (et at the airport0
dependin+ on the &ituation0 one o* the *o..oin+ cour&e& o* action i&
reco((ended1 (1) contact the 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator b, te.ephone
and a&k *or in&truction&J (2) arran+e *or .oca. tran&port to the o**ice o* the
8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator or0 out&ide o**ice hour&0 to a hote. here the
tea( can e&tab.i&h ba&eJ (3) contact !"HA and a&k *or in&truction&. I* the tea(
arri-e& at a point here there i& no repre&entation o* the $% 8e&ident
FHu(anitarian "oordinator0 the tea( &hou.d proceed i((ediate., ith
e&tab.i&hin+ the tea( ba&e. !ne o* the *ir&t action& the tea( &hou.d undertake i&
80
to brie* the $% 8e&ident "oordinator F'7# on it& capabi.itie&. An out.ine brie*in+
i& at '.6.1.
Establish "eam &ase> In the capita. the tea( ba&e i.. nor(a.., be the
o**ice o* the 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator. I* thi& pro-e& i(practica.0 in
con&u.tation ith the "oordinator and !"HA0 the tea( (a, ha-e to e&tab.i&h a
ba&e out&ide the o**ice o* the 8e&identFhu(anitarian coordinator. #hi& cou.d be at
a hote. or in the o**ice o* a nationa. authorit,. I* the tea( arri-e& direct., at an
e(er+enc, &ite here the 8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator i& not
repre&ented0 the tea( &hou.d proceed to identi*, a ba&e &uch a& a hote.0 o**ice or
other .ocation *ro( hich it can operate.
First %eport> I((ediate., upon identi*,in+ the tea( ba&e0 the tea(
&hou.d co((unicate it& coordinate& to !"HA to+ether ith knon in*or(ation on
the e(er+enc, and p.anned acti-itie&.
Establish $riorities> 2o..oin+ the *ir&t contact ith the 8e&ident
FHu(anitarian "oordinator and reportin+ back to !"HA0 the tea( &hou.d
e&tab.i&h or a.ternati-e., re-i&e it& i((ediate prioritie& in the .i+ht o* the
in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e on the e(er+enc, and the option& open to the tea(. #he
6rioritie& &hou.d inc.ude action on1
Field "rip> I* the tea( ha& arri-ed in the capita. or out&ide the i((ediate.,
a**ected area0 a deci&ion &hou.d be taken on ho the tea( can proceed ithout
de.a, to the a**ected area to co((ence it& a&&e&&(ent and0 i* re)uired0 onA&ite
coordination acti-itie&.
*dentifD 9eD Contacts@ Capital> #he&e inc.ude1 (1) the $% 'i&a&ter
7ana+e(ent #ea(J (2) #he nationa. authorit, in char+e o* the e(er+enc,
re&pon&e and (3) the nationa. authorit, in char+e o* internationa. re.ie* i* not the
&a(e a& 2J (4) ke, dip.o(atic (i&&ion& repre&entin+ the countrie& (o&t .ike., to
81
re&pond to the e(er+enc,J (5) internationa. hu(anitarian or+ani?ation& inc.udin+
%4!& repre&ented in the countr,J (6) nationa. hu(anitarian or+ani?ation&J and
(7) internationa. re&ponder& arri-in+ in the countr,.
*dentifD 9eD contacts 5 Field> #he&e inc.ude1 (1) $nited %ation&
A+encie& repre&ented at the &iteJ (2) .oca. authoritie& in char+e o* the e(er+enc,
re&pon&eJ and (3) internationa. or+ani?ation& a.read, pre&ent at the &iteJ (4)
nationa. re.ie* or+ani?ation& repre&ented at the &iteJ and (5) internationa. re.ie*
or+ani?ation&Ftea(& arri-in+ in re&pon&e to the e(er+enc,.
*dentifD %elief EntrD $oint> #he tea( &hou.d identi*, the (o&t .ike.,
arri-a. point o* internationa. re.ie* and decide hether to e&tab.i&h a reception
centre at thi& point.
Operations &riefin=H At thi& ti(e the 6.an o* Action &hou.d be re-i&ited
and the or+ani?ation o* the tea(0 pro+ra((e o* ork and indi-idua. a&&i+n(ent&
ithin the tea( be ad=u&ted and co((unicated in an !peration& >rie*in+ (&ee
"hapter '.5).
D#1#2 *nitial &riefin= bD the UNDAC "eam to the UN %esident
Coordinator of D,"
4eneral
1. #he initia. brie*in+ b, the $%'A" tea( to the $% 8e&ident
"oordination F'7# i& e;tre(e., i(portant a& it i& the initia. opportunit,
pro-ided *or the $%'A" tea( to e&tab.i&h it& ro.e0 u&e*u.ne&& and
credibi.it,. 8e(e(ber the $%'A" tea( i& a tea( o* &pecia.i&t e(er+enc,
(ana+er& not +enera.i&t&.
$reparation for the &riefin=
82
2. A e.. prepared brie*in+ i& an indication o* pro*e&&iona.i&(. #he *o..oin+
preparation &hou.d be (ade b, the $%'A" tea(.
'ecide on ho i& to +i-e the brie*in+ Inor(a.., the tea( .eader
'ecide on ho i.. an&er &pecia.i?ed )ue&tion&A ba&ed on &pecia.tie&
o* $%'A" tea( (e(ber&
6repare an out.ine brie*in+ I&hort0 re.e-ant and to the point (&ee
be.o)
6repare &u**icient copie& o* the *o..oin+ docu(ent& to hand out1
- >rie* "-& o* tea( (e(ber&
- #er(& o* 8e*erence o* the $%'A" tea(
- A .i&t o* (e(ber& F(i&&ion& undertaken b, the $%'A" tea( &ince
1993
- An out.ine 6.an o* Action (i* read,)
- >u&ine&& card& *or $%'A" tea( (e(ber&
7ake the e**ort to *ind out a& to ho are the (e(ber& o* the '7# and
hat or+ani?ation& the, repre&ent
Aspects to be coCered durin= the &riefin=
3. #he *o..oin+ &hou.d be co-ered b, the tea( durin+ the brie*in+.
A &hort back+round o* the $%'A" /,&te(. (hand o-er .i&t o*
(i&&ion&F(e(ber countrie& and &tandard #er(& o* 8e*erence)
A &hort brie* on each (e(berH& e;perience (hand o-er "-&)
#he -a.ue added ta&k& that the $%'A" tea( can undertake in &upport
o* the '7#
- o-era.. in*or(ation (ana+e(ent *or '7#
- e&tab.i&h .ink ith %4!&
- e&tab.i&h .ink ith donor&
83
- e&tab.i&h *unctiona. re.ation&hip ith 4o-ern(ent e(er+enc,
(ana+e(ent bod,
- e&tab.i&h coordination .ink ith *orei+n (i.itar, a&&et&
- e&tab.i&h a $% (oda. point *or a.. di&a&ter re.ated operation& on
beha.* on '7#
- or+ani&e and conduct (u.tiA&ectora. a&&e&&(ent
I* prepared0 a &hort .i&t out.ine o* the 6.an o* Action prepared b, the
$%'A" tea( inc.udin+ ho to e&tab.i&h a c.o&e orkin+ re.ation&hip
ith the .oca. authoritie&. (hen (eetin+ ith '7# i& not at be+innin+
o* (i&&ion).
A &hort brie*in+ on the /A8 !/!"" i* it i& a &udden earth)uake
e(er+enc,
A &u((ar, o* *undin+ FAppea. in&tru(ent& the tea( can a&&i&t ith
Do's Don'ts :hile briefin= the D,"E%esident Coordinator
4. 'o
9(pha&i?e the *act that the $%'A" tea( i& there to he.p the '7# b,
enhancin+ it& capacit, to dea. ith the e(er+enc,.
9(pha&i?e that the $%'A" tea( i& a &pecia.i&t e(er+enc,
(ana+e(ent too. &ent b, the 98" to a&&i&t
/tate the tea( i& not it&e.* in-o.-ed in runnin+ re.ie* pro+ra((e& &o i&
percei-ed to be neutra. b, donor& and %4!&
/tate the tea( i.. a&&i&t in credibi.it, o* *und rai&in+ at the
internationa. .e-e..
9(pha&i?e that the $%'A" tea( i& &e.* &u**icient and i.. not di-e&t
re&ource& *ro( '7# (e(ber&.
5. 'onHt
Ha-e (ore than one tea( (e(ber ta.k &i(u.taneou&.,
84
/ho &i+n& o* i(patience or irritation
7ake co((it(ent& on beha.* o* !"HA
'i&cu&& *inancin+ to be pro-ided b, !"HA un.e&& ,ou are &ure o* it.
D#+ ,ission (upport
7i&&ion &upport i.. be pro-ided (ain., throu+h the !**ice o* the $%
8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator and i.. inc.ude arran+e(ent& *or entr, to the
a**ected countr,0 acco((odation0 inAcountr, tran&port and .iai&on ith nationa.
and .oca. o**icia.&. Accordin+ to the $%'6 ad(ini&trati-e in&truction 93F57 i&&ued
on 3 /epte(ber 1993 re+ardin+ "ooperation beteen $%'6 and $%
'epart(ent o* Hu(anitarian A**air& 3the re&ident coordinator i.. pro-ide &upport
to a !"HA tea(5 &ent to 3&tren+then and a&&i&t the re&ident coordinator and
'7# and the .oca. e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent authoritie& in identi*,in+ need& *or
internationa. di&a&ter re.ie* a&&i&tance0 a& e.. a&0 hen nece&&ar,0 coordinatin+
the ork o* internationa. re.ie* tea(& arri-in+ at the actua. &ite o* the di&a&ter.
3!"HA bein+ the &ucce&&or or+ani?ation to 'HA0 thi& &ti.. app.ie& a& ha& been
con*ir(ed b, =oin (e(o o* 26 Apri. 1999 i&&ued b, the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie*
"oordinator and the $%'6 Ad(ini&trator (&ee Anne;).
!"HA i.. nor(a.., authori?e the 8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator to
incur e;penditure& up to a +i-en .i(it on beha.* o* !"HA *or inter a.ia the co&t o*
inAcountr, tra-e. (inc.udin+ renta. o* -ehic.e& i* re)uired) and hirin+ o* .oca. &ta**
(dri-er& and interpreter& a& re)uired) and hirin+ o* .oca. &ta** (dri-er& and
interpreter& a& re)uired). #he $%'A" tea( .eader i.. be in*or(ed o* the a(ount
authori?ed in each +i-en ca&e. %or(a.., heF&he &hou.d carr, the authori?ation
.etter *ro( 4ene-a. 7i&&ion &upport i.. a.&o be pro-ided direct., b, !"HA a&
re)uired.
85
D#3 %adio Communication $rocedures
#he *o..oin+ i& an o-er-ie o* radio co((unication& procedure& that0
hen *o..oed0 i.. (ini(i?e radio ti(e0 (ake radio ti(e (ore e**ecti-e0 and
reduce (i&Ainterpretation o* radio (e&&a+e&. #he&e procedure& &hou.d a.a,&
be *o..oed b, the $%'A" tea(. It i& i(portant that a.. u&er o* the radio net at a..
ti(e& keep a &trict radio di&cip.ine.
D#3#2 $reparin= the (et for Operation
7ake &ure that there i& a poer &ource0 that it i& &u**icient and en&ure correct
connection to the radio &et.
"heck the antenna and a.. cab.e a&&e(b.ie& en&urin+ .i+ht and correct
connection to a.. &et&.
"onnect the audio acce&&orie&0 check proper operation o* *unction &itche&.
'.8.2 #ran&(ittin+
'ecide hat ,ou are +oin+ to &a, en&urin+ it i.. be c.ear and brie*.
7ake &ure noAone e.&e i& &peakin+ on the net hen ,ou &tart.
8e(e(ber to di-ide ,our (e&&a+e into &en&ib.e phra&e&0 (ake pau&e& and
(aintain a natura. rh,th( to ,our &peech.
A-oid e;ce&&i-e ca..in+ and uno**icia. tran&(i&&ion&.
:hen read, to tran&(it0 pu&h the tran&(i&&ion ke, and ait a &econd be*ore
&peakin+. :hen *ini&hin+ tran&(ittin+0 ait a &econd be*ore re.ea&in+ the ke,.
$&e &tandard pronunciation. 9(pha&i?e -oe.& &u**icient.,. A-oid e;tre(e& o*
hi+h pitch0 &peak in a (oderate., &tron+ -oice0 do not &hout.
Ceep a di&tance o* about 5 c( beteen the (icrophone and ,our .ip&. /hie.d
,our (icrophone *ro( back+round noi&e&.
86
$honetic Alphabet and Numberin=
6honetic A.phabet
A A A<6HA
> A >8AE!
" A "HA8<I9
' A '9<#A
9 A 9"H!
2 A 2!N#8!#
4 A 4!<2
H A H!#9<
I A I%'IA
D A D$<I9#
C A CI<!
< A <I7A
7 A 7IC9
% A %!E97>98
! A !/"A8
6 A 6A6A
O A O$9>9"
8 A 8!79!
/ A /I988A
# A #A%4!
$ A $%I2!87
E A EI"#!8
: A :I/CG
N A NA8AG
G A GA%C99
P A P$<$
%u(berin+
0 A P98!
1 A :$%
2 A #!!
3 A #H$HA899
4 A 2!A:98
5 A 2IAGIE
6 A /IN
7 A /9E9%
8 A A#9
9 A %I%98
In +enera.0 nu(ber& are tran&(itted di+it b, di+it e;cept that e;act
(u.tip.e& o* hundred& and thou&and& are &poken a& &uch. /o(e e;a(p.e& o*
pronunciation o* nu(ber& can be &een be.o1
12 A #e.-e
87
44 A 2oA:erA2oA2oer
90 A %iner Pero
136 A :un #huA8ee &i;
500 A 2IAGi- Hundred
7000 A /e-en #hou&and
160000A :un /i; #hou&and
1478 A :un 2oA:er /e-en Ate
19A A :un %iner A.*a
$rocedure 6ords
#he *o..oin+ i& a .i&t o* the (o&t co((on procedure ord& (proAord&) to
be u&ed and their (eanin+&.
$ro@6ord ,eanin=
A"C%!:<9'49
Q
"on*ir( that ,ou ha-e recei-ed (a, (e&&a+e
and i.. co(p.,.
- A22I87A#IE9
- %94A#IE9
Ge& F"orrect
%oFIncorrect
- A<< A2#98
- A<< >92!89
9-er,thin+ that ,ou (I)
#ran&(itted be*ore .. (ke,ord).
9-er,thin+ that ,ou (I)
#ran&(itted be*ore .. (ke,ord).
- "!889"#
(#HA# I/ "!889"#)
- "!889"#I!%
- :8!%4
:hat ,ou ha-e tran&(itted i& correct.
a) an error ha& been (ade in thi&
tran&(i&&ion. It i.. continue ith the .a&t
ord (+roup) correct., tran&(itted.
b) An error ha& been (ade in thi&
tran&(i&&ion. "orrect -er&ion i&...
c) #hat hich *o..o& i& a correct -er&ion in
an&er to ,our re)ue&t *or -eri*ication.
Gour .a&t tran&(i&&ion a& incorrect. #he
correct -er&ion i&....
'I/894A8' #HI/ #8A%/7I//I!%
- !$#
#hi& tran&(i&&ion i& an error. 'i&re+ard it. #hi&
proAord &ha.. not be u&ed to cance. an,
(e&&a+e that ha& a.read, been co(p.ete.,
tran&(itted and *or hich receipt or
ackno.ed+e(ent ha& been recei-ed.
'! %!#
A%/:98A!$#
/tation(&) ca..ed are not to an&er thi& ca..0
ackno.ed+e thi& (e&&a+e0 or otheri&e to
tran&(it in connection ith thi& tran&(i&&ion.
- /I<9%"9A
/I<9%"9A
/I<9%"9Q
"ea&e a.. tran&(i&&ion& on thi& net
i((ediate.,. :i.. be (aintained unti. .i*ted.
/i.ence i& .i*ted. #he net i& *ree *or tra**ic.
88
A /I<9%"9
- <I2#9'
- 9%' !2 79//A49A
!E98 (!$#)
- 9%' !2 #9N#
#hi& conc.ude& the (e&&a+e =u&t tran&(itted
(and the (e&&a+e in&truction& pertainin+ to a
*or(a. (e&&a+e).
#he te;tua. part o* a *or(a. (e&&a+e end&.
/tand b, *or the (e&&a+e in&truction&
i((ediate., *o..oin+.
- 29#"H ....Q
- .... /69ACI%4
I& i&h to &peak on the radio to that per&on.
8e)ue&ted per&on i& no u&in+ the radio
hi(&e.*.
2I4$89/ %u(era.& or nu(ber& i.. *o..o. (#hi& proAord
i& not u&ed ith the ca.. &i+n&0 ti(e de*inition&0
+rid re*erence&0 bearin+&0 di&tance& etc.0
e&pecia.., in *i;ed *or( report&.)
- 28!7

- #!
- #hi& i&
A. #hi& i&
>. #he ori+inator o* thi& *or(a. (e&&a+e i&
indicated b, the addre&& de&i+nation
i((ediate., *o..oin+.
#he addre&&e& ho&e de&i+nation& i..
i((ediate., *o..o are to take action on thi&
*or(a. (e&&a+e.
#hi& tran&(i&&ion i& *ro( the &tation ho&e
de&i+nation i((ediate., *o..o&.
!E98 #hi& i& the end o* (, turn o* tran&(ittin+. A
(e&&a+e i& e;pected. 4o ahead.
- #H8!$4H 79
- 79//A49 6A//9' #!....
I a( in contact ith the &tation ,ou are ca..in+0 I
can act a& a re.a, &tation.
Gour (e&&a+e ha& been pa&&ed to.....
- 8!498
- 8!498 /! 2A8K
- :I<"!
I ha-e recei-ed ,our .a&t tran&(i&&ion
&ati&*actori.,.
Ha-e ,ou recei-ed thi& part o* (, (e&&a+e
&ati&*actori.,.
I ha-e recei-ed ,our (e&&a+e0 under&tand it0
and i.. co(p.,.
(#o be u&ed on., b, the addre&&ee). 8!498
and :I<"! are ne-er u&ed to+ether.
$%C%!:% /#A#I!% #he identit, o* the &tation ca..in+ or ith ho( I
a( atte(ptin+ to e&tab.i&h co((unication i&
unknon.
- E98I2G
- I E98I2G
Eeri*, entire (e&&a+e (or portion& indicated)
ith the ori+inator and &end correct -er&ion. #o
be u&ed on., at di&cretion o* or b, the
addre&&ee to hich the )ue&tioned (e&&a+e
a& directed.
#hat hich *o..o& ha& been -eri*ied at ,our
re)ue&t and i& repeated. #o be u&ed on., a& a
rep., to E98I2G.
- :AI# (:AI#A:AI#)
- :AI#A!$#
I (u&t pau&e *or a *e &econd&.
I (u&t pau&e .on+er than &o(e &econd&0 and
i.. ca.. ,ou a+ain hen read,.
- :!8' A2#98..... #he ord o* the (e&&a+e to hich I ha-e
re*erence i& that hich *o..o&...
89
- :!8' >92!89.... #he ord o* the (e&&a+e o* hich I ha-e
re*erence i& that hich precede&..
:!8'/ #:I"9 "o((unication i& di**icu.t. #ran&(it(tin+) each
phra&e (+roup) tice. #hi& proAord can be
u&ed a& an order0 re)ue&t or a& in*or(ation.
- !$#
- !$# #! G!$
#hi& i& the end o* (a, tran&(i&&ion to ,ou. %o
an&er or ackno.ed+e i& e;pected.
'o not an&er. I ha-e nothin+ (ore *or ,ou0 I
&ha.. no ca.. another &tation on the net.
- 89A' >A"CQ
- I 89A' >A"C
8epeat the entire *o..oin+ tran&(i&&ion back
to (e e;act., a& recei-ed.
#he *o..oin+ i& (, rep., to ,our re)ue&t to
read back.
- /AG A4AI%
- I /AG A4AI%
A. 8epeat a. ,our .a&t tran&(i&&ion.
>. 2o..oed b, A<< A2#980 A<< >92!89
etc. (ean&1 8epeat... (portion indicated).
I a( repeatin+ (a, tran&(i&&ion or portion
indicated.
- /9%' Q
- /9%' G!$8 79//A49Q
4o ahead ith ,our tran&(i&&ion
4o ahead0 tran&(itJ I a( read, to cop,.
..... /69AC /<!:98Q 8educe the &peed o* ,our tran&(i&&ion
I /69<< I &ha.. &pe.. the ne;t ord0 +roup or e)ui-a.ent
phonetica..,. (%ot u&ed hen tran&(ittin+
coded +roup& on.,).
- 89<AG #!....
- 89<AG #H8!$4H...
#ran&(it the *o..oin+ (e&&a+e to a..
addre&&ee& or to the addre&& de&i+nation
i((ediate., *o..oin+.
/end thi& (e&&a+e b, a, o* ca..A&i+n...
EFample of %adio ConCersation
1) A<2A0 #HI/ I/ "HA8<I9 I 79//A490 !E98
2) #HI/ I/ A<2AA /9%'0 !E98
3) #HI/ I/ "HA8<I9 I :A#"H 2!8 2A<<9% 8!"C/ !% 8!A' >I8C9# I
I /69<< I >8AE!0 I%'IA0 8!79!0 CI<!0 9"H!0 #A%4! I >I8C9#0
!E98
4) #HI/ I/ A<2AA :I<"!0 !$#.
EFample of Formal ,essa=e
2or(a. (e&&a+e &hou.d be tran&(itted in the *o..oin+ order1
90
1) 6re.i(inar, ca...
2) 6ro I ord 79//A49 2!<<!:/ (/9%' G!$8 79//A49).
3) Abbre-iated ca.. ith re.a, and tran&(i&&ion in&truction&0 i& an, (89A'
>A"C0 89<AG !% etc.)
4) 7e&&a+e hand.in+ order R precedence (nor(a.., one o* the *o..oin+1
2<A/H0 !698A#I!%A<0 I779'IA#90 68I!8I#G0 !r 8!$#I%9).
5) 'ate and ti(e +roup (e.+ 140630? A$40 hich i& 14 Au+u&t0 1430 S267T
47#).
6) 6roAord 28!7 *o..oed b, ori+enator& ca..&i+n.
7) 6roAord #! *o..oed b, action addre&&ee& ca..&i+n.
8) 6roAord I%2! *o..oed b, in*o addre&&ee& ca..&i+n.
9) 6roAord #9N# >94I%/.
10) /ecurit, c.a&&i*ication (nor(a.., one o* the *o..oin+1 $%"<A//I2I9'0
8e&tricted0 con*identia.0 or /9"89#F$%).
11) #he ori+inator and the nu(ber o* the (e&&a+e.
12) #he actua. te;t.
13) 6roAord 9%' !2 #9N# i* *ina. in&truction& are to *o..o0 otheri&e 9%'
!2 79//A49.
14) 6roAord !$# i* no an&er i& re)uired0 otheri&e !E98.
%eport of %eception
#he *o..oin+ phra&e& are *or u&e hen initiatin+ and an&erin+ )uerie&
concernin+ &i+na. &tren+th and readabi.it,.
8A'I! "H9"C :hat i& (a, &i+na. &tren+th and readabi.it,J ho do ,ou
read (eK
G!$8 A89
(I 89A' G!$) Gour &i+na. &tren+th and readabi.it, i& a& *o..o&....
91
8eport on &i+na. &tren+th1
<!$' Gour &i+na. i& &tron+.
4!!' Gour &i+na. i& +ood.
:9AC I can on., hear ,ou ith di**icu.t,.
E98G :9AC I can on., hear ,ou ith +reat di**icu.t,.
%!#HI%4 H9A8' I cannot hear ,ou at a...
8eport on readabi.it,1
"<9A8 9;ce..ent )ua.it,.
89A'A><9 4ood )ua.it,. %o di**icu.tie& readin+ ,ou.
'I/#!8#9' :I#H I ha-e troub.e readin+ ,ou.
I%#982989%"9
%!# 89A'A><9 I can hear that ,ou tran&(it0 but cannot read ,ou at
a...
9;a(p.e o* radio check
(1) A<2A0 #HI/ I/ "HA8<I9 I8A'I! "H9"C0 !E98
(2) #HI/ I/ A<2A I G!$ A89 <!$' A%' 89A'A><90 !E98
(3) #HI/ I/ "HA8<I9AG!$ A89 <!$' A%' 89A'A><9 A/ :9<<0 !$#.
D#/# (afetD and (ecuritD
#hi& chapter i.. concentrate on &a*et, and &ecurit, in 3ho&ti.e5
en-iron(ent&0 i.e. in area& here there are po&&ibi.itie& o* ar(ed con*.ict&0 act&
o* terrori&(0 etc. #he&e &ituation& (a, at *ir&t &ee( connected on., ith co(p.e;
e(er+encie&0 but a nu(ber a natura. di&a&terAprone countrie& a.&o ha-e
e.e(ent& o* thi& nature. 9-en thou+h the *o..oin+ concern& &a*et, and &ecurit,
in connection ith -io.ence0 &a*et, threat& cau&ed b, natura. di&a&ter& or b, po&tA
di&a&ter &ituation& (u&t not be *or+otten. #he&e threat& cou.d be0 *or e;a(p.e0
the dan+er o* *urther .and&.ide& a*ter *.ood& or hea-, rain&0 a*terA&hock& in
92
connection ith earth)uake&0 unA&a*e hou&in+ a*ter -ariou& di&a&ter&0 .eadin+
+a& pipe& and e;po&ed e.ectric cab.e& a*ter earth)uake&0 *.ood&0 etc. #he&e
threat&Aand other&A (u&t be taken into account hen orkin+ in a di&a&ter area.
#o a..o the e&tab.i&h(ent o* &a*et, and &ecurit, precaution& a+ain&t
-io.ence it i& nece&&ar, to identi*, the threat& to &a*et, and &ecurit,. #he&e
threat&Aapart *ro( tho&e po&ed b, natura.Adi&a&ter en-iron(ent&A ou.d be
t,pica.., *ro( banditr,0 unre&t or ci-i. &tri*eFar(ed con*.ict and (ine&. #he threat&
the(&e.-e& (a, be an,thin+ *ro( &i(p.e the*t throu+h kidnappin+ or bein+
cau+ht in cro&&A*ire to actua.., bein+ tar+eted. It a.. depend& on the &ecurit,
&ituation in the countr,.
I (u&t be (ade c.ear *ro( the -er, be+innin+ that 100U &a*et, and
&ecurit, are unobtainab.e. 4ood &a*et, and &ecurit,0 thou+h0 are not. $&ua..,0
there ou.d ha-e to be a ba.ance beteen &ecurit, re)uire(ent&0 a-ai.ab.e
re&ource& and the ta&k at hand (e.+. &ecurit, (u&t not beco(e 3a pri&on5
pre-entin+ co(p.etion o* the ta&k).
!* cour&e0 not e-er, (i&&ion entai.& &a*et, and &ecurit, threat&J *ar *ro( it.
#hi& chapter there*ore addre&&e& tho&e (i&&ion& that do po&e a &a*et, or
&ecurit, ri&k to the tea(. #he *o..oin+ &u++e&tion& on &a*et, and &ecurit, are
idea. (ea&ure& to be taken. In co(e &ituation& &o(e (ea&ure& (a, be
i(po&&ib.e to carr, out0 hi.e &o(e other &ituation& do not arrant the u&e o* a..
the (ea&ure&. It a.. depend& on condition&0 and ,ou are the one to decide (orAcoA
decide) on the .e-e. o* &ecurit,. In +enera.0 the precaution& that can be taken to
a..e-iate ri&k& are threeA*o.d1 the *ir&t are tho&e to be taken a& a tea(0 hi.e the
&econd are tho&e to be taken b, the indi-idua.0 and the third are tho&e to be
taken hen protectin+ ,our e&&entia. re&ource&0 i.e. e)uip(ent0 -ehic.e& and
*ue.. #he *o..oin+ i.. concentrate on the&e three cate+orie&. #he $%'A" #ea(
<eader i& re&pon&ib.e *or the &a*et, o* hi& $%'A" tea(.

93
D#/#2 United Nations (ecuritD
/ince the $%'A" tea( ork& under the ae+i& o* the $% in countr,0 i& i&
e&&entia. that tea( (e(ber& under&tand the $% /ecurit, /,&te(. In each
countr, the pri(ar, re&pon&ibi.it, *or the &ecurit, and protection o* $% &ta**
(e(ber& and dependant& re&t& ith the ho&t +o-ern(ent. In order to dea. ith
&ecurit, and protection *actor&0 $% re*er& to three (anua.&1 (a) $% 2ie.d /ecurit,
HandbookJ (b0 $n /ecurit, !peration& 7anua.J and (c) $% /ecurit, 'irecti-e&.
#he $% /ecurit, "oordinator0 appointed b, the /ecretar, 4enera.0 report&
direct., to hi( and &er-e& a& hi& coordinator at $%HO *or *or(u.atin+ po.ic, and
reco((endation&0 re&pondin+ to e(er+enc, &ituation0 coordinatin+ interAa+enc,
&a*et, pro+ra((e& and takin+ deci&ion& re.atin+ to the re.ocationFe-acuation o*
&ta** (e(ber&. #he 'e&i+nated !**icia. *or /ecurit, and 8e&ident "oordinator0
ha& &pecia. re&pon&ibi.it, *or the &ecurit, and protection o* a.. &ta** (e(ber& and
dependant& at the dut, &tation. #he A.ternate 'e&i+nated !**icia.0 act& in the
ab&ence o* the 'e&i+nated !**icia.. /Fhe i& no(inated b, the 'e&i+nated !**icia.
and appointed b, $%/9"!!8'. #he 8epre&entati-e o* !r+ani?ation& at the
"ountr, .e-e. a&&i&t the 'e&i+nated !**icia. on a.. (atter& concernin+ &ecurit,
and prepare updated .i&t& o* a.. &ta** (e(ber& and their hereabout&. #he 2ie.d
/ecurit, !**icer1 At dut, &tation& here a *u..Ati(e &ecurit, o**icer i& not
arranted0 one internationa. &ta** (e(ber &er-e& a& the 2/!. #he Area
"oordinator& ha-e re&pon&ibi.itie& &i(i.ar to tho&e o* the 'e&i+nated !**icia. in
.ar+er countrie& that ha-e &peci*ic area& &eparated *ro( the capita. cit,. #he
:arden& and 'eput, are appointed b, the 'e&i+nated !**icia. to en&ure the
proper i(p.e(entation o* &ecurit, arran+e(ent &in predeter(ined ?one& o* a cit,.
#he &ecurit, 7ana+e(ent #ea( i& co(po&ed b, repre&entati-e& o* $%
a+encie&0 pro+ra((e& and *und& at the dut, &tation0 and ad-i&e& the 'e&i+nated
!**icia. on a.. &ecurit,Are.ated (atter&. #he /ecurit, Arran+e(ent& detai.ed in the
2ie.d /ecurit, Handbook app., to a.. per&on& e(p.o,ed b, the or+ani?ation&0
(e;cepted tho&e .oca.., recruited)0 con&u.tant&0 $% -o.unteer& and $n *e..o&
&tud,in+ in the countr,. /ecurit, o* per&onne. o* the $% peacekeepin+ (i&&ion&0
94
.a,& under the =uri&diction o* the /8/4 and For the 2orce "o((ander. #he
/ecurit, 6.an i& the pri(ar, too. *or &ecurit, preparedne&& at the dut, &tation and
i& e&tab.i&hed b, the 'e&i+nated !**icia. and the /ecurit, 7ana+e(ent #ea(. It
de&cribe& (ea&ure& and arran+e(ent& to be *o..oed in the e-ent o* e(er+enc,
&ituation&. #he 2i-e /ecurit, 6ha&e& de&cribe &ecurit, condition& in a +i-en
countr, or in part& o* a countr,J are &tandard *or a.. dut, &tation& and are inc.uded
in a.. &ecurit, 6.an&. 6ha&e& (a, be i(p.e(ented in &e)uentia. order or a& the
&ituation dictate&0 and one part o* a countr, cou.d be under a di**erent pha&e than
the re(ainder o* the countr,.
6ha&e I 1 6recautionar,
6ha&e II 1 8e&tricted 7o-e(ent
6ha&e III 1 8e.ocation
6ha&e IE 1 6ro+ra((e /u&pen&ion
6ha&e E 1 9-acuation
It i& i(portant to be aare that e-en thou+h a &peci*ic countr, i&0 *or
e;a(p.e0 in /ecurit, 6ha&e IE0 there (a, be pocket& in the countr, here
indi-idua. pha&e& (a, be hi+her or .oer. A.&o0 it i& i(portant to kno that
chan+e& in &ecurit, pha&e& (a, be behind the actua. &ituation. #hu&0 it i&
concei-ab.e that a &ecurit, pha&e (a, be III hen the current &ituation dictate&
6ha&e IE or (i* the &ecurit, &ituation ha& chan+ed in a po&iti-e direction) 6ha&e II.
#he &ecurit, p.anAhich inc.ude& the *i-e pha&e&A i.. be countr, I&peci*ic0 i.e.
takin+ &peci*ic countr, concern& into con&ideration.
'urin+ 6ha&e I and II0 tra-e. c.earance (u&t be obtained *ro( the
'e&i+nated !**icia. (ho i& nor(a.., the $% 8e&ident FHu(anitarian
"oordinator). 2or &ub&e)uent pha&e&0 c.earance (u&t be obtained *or( the $%
/ecurit, "oordinator in %e Gork0 on the reco((endation o* the 'e&i+nated
!**icia.. ".earance &i+ni*ie& that the 'e&i+nated !**icia. i& aare o* the &ta**
95
(e(berH& pre&ence in the countr,0 and that heF&he &hou.d be inc.uded in an,
e-acuation p.an& or &ecurit, arran+e(ent&. ".earance (ean& a.&o that there i&
no &ecurit, rea&on h, &ta** (e(ber& cannot tra-e. to the .ocation. $pon arri-a.0
&ta** (e(ber& (in the ca&e o* an $%'A" tea(0 the tea( .eader0 i* it i& not
po&&ib.e *or the ho.e tea( to participate) &hou.d contact the 'e&i+nated !**icia.
*or a &ecurit, brie*in+.
$hase * 5$recautionarD
6ha&e I i& dec.ared to arn &ta** (e(ber& that the &ecurit, &ituation in the
countr,Aor part& o* itA arrant& thi& dec.aration. #he dec.aration inc.ude& a ban on
the tra-e. o* (i&&ion0 &ta** (e(ber& and their *a(i.ie& ithout prior c.earance.
/ta** (e(ber& &hou.d en&ure that the o**ice o* the 'e&i+nated !**icia. i& aare o*
their (o-e(ent&. In addition to thi&0 the 'e&i+nated !**icia. take& other action0
&uch a& in*or(in+ the /ecretar,A 4enera.0 noti*,in+ in the $n in nearb, countrie&0
con-enin+ -ariou& (eetin+&0 re(indin+ a.. &ta** (e(ber o* the (ea&ure& to be
taken0 etc.
$hase ** 5 %estricted ,oCement
:hen pha&e II i& dec.ared0 a hi+h .e-e. o* a.ert i& i(po&ed0 con&i&tin+ o*
(a=or re&triction& on the (o-e(ent o* a.. &ta** (e(ber& and their *a(i.ie&. 'urin+
thi& pha&e a.. &ta** (e(ber& and *a(i.ie& i.. re(ain at ho(e un.e&& otheri&e
in&tructed. In addition0 no inAco(in+ or inAcountr, tra-e. &hou.d take p.ace ithout
&peci*ic authori?ation b, the 'e&i+nated !**icia.. A+ain a& in 6ha&e I0 the
'e&i+nated !**icia. take& nu(ber o* action&0 &uch a& noti*,in+ the re.e-ant
peop.e and A+encie& that a.. tra-e. to the a**ected are (u&t be c.eared0 noti*,in+
internationa. per&onne. that the, (u&t ithdra chi.dren *ro( &choo.&0 pack a
&uitca&e0 pack e;tra *ood0 etc.0 and re)ue&tin+0 a& appropriate0 po.ice or ar(,
a&&i&tance *or road contro. and For e&cort dut,. /o(e other action& taken are
e)ui-a.ent to the one& in 6ha&e I.
96
$hase ***@ %elocation
#hi& pha&e i.. u&ua.., be reco((ended to the /ecretar, 4enera. b, the
'e&i+nated !**icia.. A.. or &o(e o* the *o..oin+ action& i.. be taken1 te(porar,
concentration o* a.. internationa. &ta** and *a(i.ie&J re.ocation o* a.. internationa.
&ta** an *a(i.ie& to a.ternati-e .ocation& in&ide the countr,J re.ocation out&ide the
countr, o* a.. e.i+ib.e *a(i., (e(ber& o* internationa. &ta** andFor nonAe&&entia.
internationa. &ta**. !ther &tep& that i.. a.. be taken are0 *or e;a(p.e0 noti*,in+ the
$% in nearb, countrie& o* the i(p.e(entation o* 6ha&e IIIJ noti*,in+ the ho&t
+o-ern(ent and re)ue&tin+ a&&i&tance i* nece&&ar,J re-iein+ arran+e(ent& to
be taken under 6ha&e& IE and E0 etc. #he *ie.din+ o* an, ne &ta** (u&t be
authori?ed b, the $% /ecurit, "oordinator.
$hase *<@ $ro=ramme (uspension
#hi& pha&e i.. u&ua.., be reco((ended to the /ecretar,A 4enera. b, the
'e&i+nated !**icia.. #hi& pha&e i& to a..o re.ocation0 out&ide the countr,0 o* a..
internationa. &ta** not direct., concerned ith e(er+enc, or hu(anitarian re.ie*
operation& or &ecurit, (atter&. #he *o..oin+ action& i.. a.. be taken b, the
'e&i+nated !**icia.1 noti*,in+ the ho&t +o-ern(ent and re)ue&tin+ a&&i&tance i*
nece&&ar,J de&i+natin+ a .oca.., recruited &enior &ta** (e(ber a& !**icer Iin
Achar+e0 ho i.. then b, in char+e o* .oca. &ta** (e(berH& &ecurit,0 the &a*et, o*
the $% pre(i&e&0 the pa,(ent o* &a.arie& and other e;pen&e&0 the (aintenance
o* routine o**ice operation&0 and the (ean& o* co((unicatin+ ith the
'e&i+nated !**icia..
$hase <@ ECacuation
A& in 6ha&e& III and IE0 thi& pha&e i.. a.&o be ordered b, the /ecretar,
A4enera.0 u&ua.., on the reco((endation o* the 'e&i+nated !**icia.. 9-acuation
97
i.. be carried out accordin+ to p.an& prepared be*ore hand and in accordance
ith the countr, I&peci*ic &ituation.
D#/#2 "eam (afetD E(ecuritD
:hi.e the $%'A" tea( .eader i& re&pon&ib.e *or tea( &ecurit,0 it i&
i(portant that e-er,one ackno.ed+e hi&Fher coAre&pon&ibi.it, *or the tea(H&
&a*et, and &ecurit,J breache& in &a*et, and &ecurit, procedure& (a, e..
endan+er the tea( or the (i&&ion0 *or hich rea&on it i& e&&entia. that a..
contribute to the e&tab.i&hed &ecurit, &che(e. /econd.,0 it i& i(portant that the
tea( .eader to be c.ear about hi&Fher re&pon&ibi.it, *or the &a*et, *o the tea(.
$.ti(ate.,0 the tea( .eader i& re&pon&ib.e *or .a,in+ don tea( &a*et, and
&ecurit, procedure& and ru.e& and *or en*orcin+ the(.
It i& o* ut(o&t i(portance that i& be co(p.ete., c.ear that the tea( .eader
i& a.a,& re&pon&ib.e *or the tea(H& &a*et,. #here*ore0 heF&he i& a.a,&
(andated to re*u&e ta&k& that po&e a threat to the tea(H& &a*et,.
#he .e-e. o* the threat dictate& the .e-e. o* &a*et, and &ecurit, (ea&ure& to
be taken. It (a, there*ore not be nece&&ar, to take a.. the precaution& (entioned
be.o. #he (ea&ure& taken i.. be on the +round& o* in*or(ation recei-ed *ro(0
a(on+ other&0 the 'e&i+nated !**icia.0 the $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian
coordinator0 the authoritie&0 and hu(anitarian or+ani?ation& in the area to+ether
ith (i.itar, and po.ice inte..i+ence here appropriate. #he *o..oin+ are a
nu(ber o* ite(& that can he.p the tea( and tea( .eader to e&tab.i&h rea.i&tic and
re.e-ant &a*et, and &ecurit, procedure&1
4eneral
/a*et, and &ecurit, (ea&ure& &hou.d be rea.i&tic0 not at a .e-e. hi+her than
the &ituation arrant&. !n the other hand0 it i& o*ten true that peop.e
98
(e&pecia.., tho&e co(in+ *ro( a.read, &a*e and &ecure countrie&) do not take
threat& to &ecurit, and &a*et, &eriou&.,. Hoe-er0 it i& e&&entia. that &a*et, and
&ecurit, (ea&ure& not be taken .i+ht.,.
A.. tea( (e(ber& (u&t kno the &a*et, and &ecurit, (ea&ure&.
:ith re*erence to .oca. peop.e orkin+ *or the $%0 procedure& concernin+
their e-acuation (u&t be taken up ith the 'e&i+nated !**icia..
#r, not to bui.d up dai., routine&1 thi& (ake& it di**icu.t *or a potentia.
a++re&&or to e.aborate a p.an o* action.
Durin= :orkin= hoursA the team must at all times kno: the :hereabouts
of each member and the estimated time that heEshe is eFpected to
returnA for eFampleA to team headGuartersA "he production of route
cards (on :hich the itinerarD is :ritten! :ill be of help#
It (a, be nece&&ar, either *or the tea( to .i-e in the &a(e bui.din+ or0 i* not0
to check on tea( (e(ber& that ha-e ti(e o** (e.+. b, radio0 te.ephone0 etc.0
#he e(p.o,(ent o* the 3budd, &,&te(5 (no unacco(panied per&on&) i..
enhance &ecurit,.
At "eam &ase
#he &ecurit, &ituation inAcountr, (u&t be a&&e&&ed. #hi& &hou.d be done
b, the tea( .eader0 part., *ro( a-ai.ab.e in*or(ation be*ore the (i&&ion and
part., on arri-a.0 throu+h0 *or e;a(p.e0 the 'e&i+nated !**icia.0 the 2ie.d /ecurit,
!**icer0 the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator0 the nationa. authoritie&0 the
I"8" FI28"0 %4!H& and other or+ani?ation& in the area.
99
A &et o* &a*et, and &ecurit, ru.e& (u&t be &et up. #he&e ru.e& &hou.d
inc.ude the *o..oin+1
$%'A"Aba&e &ecurit,0 e.+. the need *or +uard& (ho cou.d be either tea(
(e(ber& or .oca.&0 dependin+ on the &ituation)0 ad(i&&ion procedure&0 etc. I*
a *or( o* I' i& u&ed0 then chan+e it *ro( ti(e to ti(e.
In ca&e o* ar(ed con*.ict0 it (a, be nece&&ar, to de&i+nate a ce..ar .ocation
a& a &he.ter a+ain&t &he..in+0 air raid&0 etc.0 or di+ ho.e& *or &he.ter. It (a, a.&o
be nece&&ar, to rein*orce e;i&tin+ bui.din+& ith0 *or e;a(p.e0 &andba+& and
to tape indo& to reduce the e**ect o* *.,in+ +.a&& cau&ed b, e;p.o&ion&.
9&tab.i&h a procedure to check up on tea( (e(ber&0 e.+. b, &uin+ radio
ca..&0 etc.
/ecurit, (ea&ure& concernin+ -ehic.e&0 e)uip(ent0 etc.0 can be carried out
b,0 e.+.0 keepin+ a .i&t o* e)uip(ent and re+u.ar., checkin+ it a+ain&t actua.
e)uip(ent0 keepin+ e)uip(ent and -ehic.e& (hen not in u&e) under .ock0
a.a,& .ockin+ a.. -ehic.e door&0 and a&&i+nin+ +uard&.
2or &a*et, rea&on&0 *ue. &hou.d be &tored aa, *ro( .i-in+ and orkin+
)uarter& a& e.. a& aa, *ro( -ehic.e&. It i& i(portant a.&o to keep an e,e on
*ue. )uantitie& a& e.. a& .ockin+ the &tock& up0 &ince *ue. (a, be &een a& an
a&&et orth &tea.in+. #here &hou.d a.&o be a .oer .i(it on *ue. in the &tore1
enou+h &hou.d a.a,& be kept *or purpo&e& o* potentia. e-acuation.
*n the Field
:hen +oin+ into the *ie.d it i& i(portant to prepare the trip. #here are a
nu(ber o* thin+& hat &hou.d be in-e&ti+ated and carried out be*ore .ea-in+ and
100
hen in the *ie.d. #he *o..oin+ i.. be o* he.p in preparin+ and carr,in+ out a *ie.d
trip1
"heck the &ecurit, &ituation ith the 'e&i+nated !**icia.0 the 2ie.d /ecurit,
!**icer0 $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator0 the authoritie&0 and an,
or+ani?ation in the area here the *ie.d trip i.. take p.ace. 9&pecia.., peop.e
=u&t back *ro( the area (a, ha-e in-a.uab.e in*or(ation.
I* authori?ation i& needed *or the trip0 be &ure to +et it.
6rocedure& concernin+ accident& and breakdon& (u&t be a+reed upon
be*ore a *ie.d trip. #he&e procedure& (a, di**er dependin+ on the &ituation0
but (ake &ure that the *ie.d tea( kno& hat to do and that the $%'A" ba&e
i.. be ab.e to he.p hen nece&&ar,J it i& i(portant to ha-e
te.eco((unication& beteen the tea( and the ba&e. I* an accident occur&0
e&pecia.., one in-o.-in+ hu(an ca&ua.tie&0 it i& i(portant that the tea( (u&t
ha-e e&tab.i&hed be*orehand hether it ou.d be &a*e to &top and +i-e *ir&t
aid0 or hether one &hou.d dri-e on ithout &toppin+ and contact the ne;t
po.ice &tation0 checkpoint0 ho&pita.0 etc.
#he *o..oin+ (u&t be taken on the tripJ &pare *ue.0 too. kit0 &pare tire(or to
tire& i* it i& a .on+ trip)0 a &ho-e.0 an e.ectric *.a&h.i+ht0 &pare batterie&0 toin+
rope0 ration& *or 24 hour&0 ater *or 24 hour& (the .atter a.. in a pack0 enab.in+
)uick 3+et aa,5)0 *ir&t Iaid or trau(a kit0 ca&h0 and nece&&ar, docu(ent&
(e.+. dri-erH& .icen&e0 -ehic.e re+i&tration paper&0 i(portation paper&0 radio
tran&(i&&ion per(it0 in&urance paper&0 etc.). :hen dri-in+ in the inter
&ea&on ,ou &hou.d take a.&o ar( c.othe&0 antiA&kid chain&0 an a;e and
&ho-e.0 and a 6ri(u& &to-e to+ether ith *ue. *or 24 hour&.
>e*ore the trip0 check that the -ehic.e i& in +ood order0 that the *ue. tank i& *u..0
and that a.. nece&&ar, e)uip(ent i& pre&ent.
101
I* a countr, ha& prob.e(& ith (ine&0 tr, to +et a (ap o* here the&e (a,. >e
aare that the&e are not a.a,& accurate0 and that there (a, be (ore than
the one& &hon.
9&tab.i&h ho checkpoint& &hou.d be ne+otiated.
#here &hou.d be radio contact beteen *ie.d tea(& and the $%'A" ba&e0
ith *re)uent radio check&. #hi& i& one o* the (o&t i(portant &ecurit,
(ea&ure& to be taken and (u&t not be o-er.ooked. It can &a-e .i-e& i* the
tea( ha& radio contactA at all times I ith the ba&e. #he u&e o* an ea&,
&,&te( o* &ituation code& i.. indicate i* a tea( (e(ber&(&) i& in di**icu.t,
ithout arou&in+ &u&picion.
:hen .ea-in+ *or a *ie.d trip or an e;cur&ion0 rite a .o+ ith co(p.ete tra-e.
detai.& (e.+. u&in+ route card&) prior to departure0 and e&tab.i&h ca..Ati(e& *or
radio check&.
I* the *ie.d tea( u&e& (ore than one -ehic.e0 there &hou.d be radio contact
beteen the(.
A +enera. ru.e i& to (ake &ure that it i& ob-iou& ho ,ou are0 i.e. ha-e bi+ $%
&ticker& on the -ehic.e&0 u&e *.a+& on the -ehic.e&0 etc. #here (a, be
&ituation&0 thou+h0 here the $% (i+ht be tar+etedJ thi& ou.d0 o* cour&e0
chan+e the abo-e reco((endation.
#ra-e..in+ b, ni+ht &hou.d0 a& a +enera. ru.e0 be a-oided. I* it i& e&&entia. to
tra-e. at ni+ht0 there &hou.d be (ore than one per&on in the -ehic.e and there
&hou.d be (ore than one -ehic.e. Gou &hou.d not &top un.e&&0 *or e;a(p.e0 at
a checkpointJ ,ou &hou.d kno the checkpoint procedure& *or ni+ht tra-e.J ,ou
102
&hou.d a.a,& ha-e a& (uch .i+ht turned on a& po&&ib.eJ and a.a,& keep the
door& .ocked (e-en hen dri-in+).
A*ter a *ie.d trip0 it i& i(portant that the *ie.d tea( be debrie*ed on the &ecurit,
&ituation0 the road condition&0 (ood o* the .oca. popu.ation0 etc. in the area&
-i&ited and the road& taken. #hi& data &hou.d be put on *i.e &o that other +oin+
to the &a(e area i.. ha-e the .ate&t in*or(ation.
D#/#3 $ersonal (afetDE(ecuritD
7an, thin+& (entioned in "hapter '.9.2 are app.icab.e a.&o to indi-idua.
tea( (e(ber&. #he *o..oin+ i& a .i&t o* &a*et, and &ecurit, (ea&ure& that (a,
be he.p in -ariou& &ituation o* ri&k1
In-e&ti+ate both the nationa. and .oca. &ecurit, &ituation& and act accordin+.,
I but do not o-erreact. <oca. authoritie&0 $% per&onne. and %4!H& in the area
i.. u&ua.., be ab.e to o**er -a.uab.e in*or(ation.
>e aare o* hat i& happenin+ around ,ou and react accordin+.,0 be*ore a
potentia. &ituation beco(e& &eriou&A .earn to be 3&treet i&e5.
!b&er-e .oca. beha-iour a& thi& (a, indicate i((inent outbur&t& o* (a=or
troub.e0 &he..in+0 etc. It i& i(portant to ob&er-e chan+e& in the nor(a. habit&
o* the .oca. popu.ation.
'o not carr, .ar+e a(ount& o* (one,. #he (one, ,ou do carr, &hou.d be
di-ided into &(a..er a(ount& and kept in &eparate p.ace&. 9nou+h &hou.d be
carried i* the need ari&e& to pa, *or a -ariou& 3&er-ice&5.
103
'o not arran+e ,our da,& in routine&0 a& thi& i.. (ake it ea&ier *or potentia.
a++re&&or& to e.aborate p.an& a+ain&t ,ou.
:hen at the $%'A" ba&e0 .i-in+ )uarter&0 hote.&0 etc.0 in-e&ti+ate po&&ib.e
e&cape route& in ca&e the bui.din+ i& attacked. !b&er-e the nu(ber o*
indo& in each roo( and here the, are &ituated0 the be&t a,& out o*
roo(&0 the be&t p.ace& to &eek co-er0 etc. Cno the *ire e&cape p.an (or
create one *or ,our&e.*). 7ake the&e thin+& a habit.
I* ,ou .ea-e the tea( ba&e0 (ake &ure that &o(eone (pre*erab., the tea(
.eader or &o(eone appointed b, hi( to (ana+e &ecurit,) kno& here ,ou
are0 ho .on+ it i.. take0 and the e&ti(ated ti(e that ,ou i.. be back.
I* ,ou re+u.ar., tra-e. beteen to *i;ed p.ace& (e.+. beteen .i-in+ )uarter&
and the ba&e) tr, not to tra-e. at the &a(e ti(e each da, and tr, to chan+e
the route& o* tra-e..
:hen out&ide the $%'A" ba&e0 a.a,& &ta,& to+ether ith another tea(
(e(ber or to i* po&&ib.e.
:hen +oin+ into the *ie.d0 a&k peop.e ho ha-e =u&t been to the &a(e p.ace
and tra-e..ed the &a(e route about the &ecurit, and &a*et, &ituation.
I* ,ou are e)uipped ith a he.(et and For a *.ack =acket or bu..etAproo* -e&t0
(ake &ure ,ou u&e the(J the, do ork and (a, &a-e ,our .i*e.
I* tra-e..in+ b, car0 a.a,& .ock the door&0 both hen dri-in+ and hen parkin+
(to pre-ent ea&, the*t and *or per&ona. &a*et,).
104
:hen parkin+0 be &ure to park in a a, that it i.. be *a&t and ea&, to dri-e
aa, i* nece&&ar,0 i.e. do not park ith the *ront o* the -ehic.e a+ain&t a a..
or an, other ob&truction.
7ake it a ru.e that ,ou ne-er pick up peop.e antin+ a .i*tJ ,ou do not kno
ho the per&on i& and hat hi&Fher intention& are. 9&pecia..,0 do not pick up
(i.itar, per&onne. or po.ice0 a& the, (a, be dan+erou& or the, (a, be
tar+eted0 hich i.. then endan+er ,ou. A.&o0 i* ,ou are &tranded0 e.+.
becau&e o* breakdon0 etc.0 do not accept ride& *ro( the po.ice or (i.itar, *or
the &a(e rea&on&.
I* ,ou &hou.d be the tar+et o* a robber, or ho.dAup 0 the *o..oin+ procedure&
&hou.d be *o..oed1 tr, to keep ca.J do not be pro-ocati-eJ do not p.a, the
heroJ be pa&&i-e and ta.k on., hen &poken toJ obe, order&J be cooperati-eJ
a-oid e,e contactJ and (in (o&t &ituation&) (ake it under&tood that ,ou are a
$% repre&entati-e. >$#1 /tand out *ro( other& on., i* appropriate.
:hen dri-in+0 &teer around potho.e&. #he, (a, not be ordinar, potho.e&0 but
crater& ith une;p.oded arti..er, or (ortar &he..& or ho.e& ith (ine&. >e
e&pecia.., aare o* &(a.. ho.e&0 a& the&e (a, be the entr, ho.e o* &he..&. Du&t
becau&e other -ehic.e& ha-e +one throu+h a potho.e doe& not (ean that
there i& not an une;p.oded ordnanceJ it (a, &ur-i-e 35 -ehic.e& hi.e the 36
th
i.. tri++er it.
I* ,ou ha-e a ca(era0 be cautiou& here ,ou u&e it. 6hoto& &hou.d ne-er be
taken here there are &o.dier&0 (i.itar, acti-it, or checkpoint&.
#o be prepared *or e-acuation0 ,ou &hou.d a.a,& ha-e a ba+ packed ith
pri-ate ite(&0 ar( c.othe& e;tra *ood and drink0 a *ir&tAaid kit0 he.(et (i*
&upp.ied) and *.ack =acket (i* &upp.ied).
105
A.a,& carr, $% credentia.& and pa&&port (a photocop, o* the pa&&port (a,
be u&e*u. to hand out in&tead o* the pa&&port0 i* o**icia.& de(and to ha-e the
pa&&port). 9-en a dup.icate pa&&port (a, be u&e*u..
<a&t but not .ea&t0 it &hou.d be (entioned that .oca. popu.ation& i.. u&ua..,
take &ide& and ha-e cu.ture& that (a, e.. be di**erent *ro( tho&e o* the $%'A"
(e(ber&. 2or the&e and other rea&on&0 it i& not ad-i&ab.e to enter into re.ation&
o* a t,pe that cou.d a**ect &ecurit,. ".o&e re.ation&hip& ith the oppo&ite &e;
&hou.d a.&o be a-oided0 not on., *or the abo-e rea&on& but a.&o becau&e o*
po&&ib.e &eriou& hea.th con&e)uence&.
D#/#. ,ines $recautions
#here are a nu(ber o* countrie& (inc.udin+ a.&o di&a&terAprone one&) that
ha-e (ine& .e*t o-er *ro( -ariou& *or(& o* con*.ict. It i& -ita. that $%'A" tea(
(e(ber& +oin+ to the&e countrie& ha-e (ini(u( kno.ed+e on ho to a-oid
(ine& and hat to do i* the or&t happen&. In thi& handbook it i& not po&&ib.e to
+o into detai. concernin+ precaution& to take a+ain&t (ine&. It i& there*ore
ad-i&ab.e to +et *urther in*or(ation *ro(0 *or e;a(p.e0 one o* the %4!H& that
ha-e been e&tab.i&hed in recent ,ear& to dea. ith thi& kind o* threat to ci-i.ian
popu.ation&. #he *o..oin+ i& a .i&t o* hat to do and hat not to do1
ACoidin= ,ines
2ir&t o* a.. it i& ad-i&ab.e to &eek .oca. in*or(ation *ro( the authoritie&0 the
$% and %4!H& on here the (ine& (i+ht be. #here (a, e-en be (ap& here
dan+erou& area& ha-e been (arked. 9-en thou+h in*or(ation on the
hereabout& o* (ine& ha& been recei-ed0 it &hou.d be u&ed on., a& a +uide.ine0
a& there cou.d be (ine& e.&ehere. >eare that a (ap ith an o-er-ie o* the
(ine*ie.d (a, .ead to a *a.&e &en&e o* &ecurit,.
106
%e-er +o into -i&ib.e (ine*ie.d&J the&e (a, be -i&ib.e b, (ine& &cattered
on the &ur*ace or b, the (ine*ie.d bein+ *enced or (arked ith &i+n& arnin+ o*
dan+er. >e aare that (ine*ie.d& that ha-e been c.eared (a, ha-e been reA
(ined. It happen& that (ine& are c.eared durin+ the da,ti(e on., to be reA(ined
the *o..oin+ ni+ht.
I* an area ha& been *ou+ht o-er0 it i& .ike., that part& o* it ha-e been (ined.
#errain around (i.itar, po&ition& (or *or(er po&ition&) and terrain hich i& &een to
a**ord a de*en&e *or ene(, troop& near (i.itar, po&ition& i& (o&t .ike., (ined.
>ui.din+ in area& here there ha& been *i+htin+ (a, a.&o be (ined or boob,A
trapped. >oob, trap& (a, be in connection ith door&0 under carpet&0 under
bodie&0 in connection ith *ood a& e.. a& (edica. and *ir&t Iaid e)uip(ent0 in
connection ith ob=ect& that cou.d be &een a& (e(ento&0 etc. 'o not +o throu+h
+ap& in hed+e&0 a& there (a, e.. be tripAired (ine&.
*f there is anD doubt at anD time as to :hether an area or a buildin= has
been minedA turn back#
:hen tra-e..in+ in p.ace& that are hi+h ri&kA(ine area& (and thi& &hou.d be
done on., i* ab&o.ute., nece&&ar,)0 then (hen tra-e..in+ b, car) u&e on., road
and track& that are e..Au&ed and (hen a.kin+) u&e on., path& that are e..A
u&ed. A-oid area& o* *re&h earth0 hether on road0 track& or path&. It i& i(portant
to kno a.&o that e-en e..Atra-e..ed area& (a, ha-e been reA(ined durin+ the
ni+ht. :hen in need to urinate or de*ecate0 ne-er +o out&ide the road0 track or
pathJ either &a..o ,our pride or ait. Area& *u.. o* *re&h hu(an e;cre(ent i..
u&ua.., be &a*e *ro( (ine&.
%e-er approach (ine&0 a((unition or &u&piciou& ob=ect&0 a& thi& can be
both dan+erou& and a bad e;a(p.e to the .oca. co((unit,. 'o not under an,
circu(&tance& hand.e or touch une;p.oded ordnance (or an,thin+ e.&e that .ook&
&u&piciou&)0 hoe-er har(.e&& it (a, appear. I* (ine& or une;p.oded ordnance
107
i& ob&er-ed0 (ake a note o* the po&ition and Ii* po&&ib.e I the t,pe ((ine0 &he..0
bo(b0 etc.) and report back.
#he .a&t i(portant thin+ to re(e(ber i& to be a.ert. 7o&t (ine in=urie&
occur becau&e peop.e do not &ee the (ine&. #hi& i& under&tandab.e becau&e the
(ine& are u&ua.., buried0 ca(ou*.a+ed or co-ered o-er b, direction. >ein+ a.ert
and ob&er-ant o* certain &i+n& i.. not (ake tra-e..in+ in (ined area& &a*e0 but i&
i.. (ake it &a*er. #here are certain c.ue& that can be .ooked *or in order to a-oid
(ine&. #he&e are1
/hape& that are unu&ua. in nature (&harp ed+e&0 round or rectan+u.ar ob=ect&0
etc.) and co.our& that are unu&ua. in nature (ru&t, Ico.oured &ur*ace&0
(eta..ic co.our& and p.a&tic &ur*ace&). #he&e (a, be (ien&0 a& (ine& are
u&ua.., round (c,.indric) or rectan+u.ar and are (ade *ro( (eta.0 p.a&tic or
ood.
#hin0 taut0 part., buried or entan+.ed ire a& e.. a& *i&hin+ .ine0 etc. #he&e
can be connected to (ine& and (u&t ne-er be touched.
/take&0 po.e&0 etc.0 e&pecia.., i* the, are connected ith ire. #he&e (a, be
connected to (ine&.
/i+n& o* (ine& ha-in+ been brou+ht to detonation0 e.+. ani(a. re(ain&0
piece& o* *ootear0 etc.
/i+n& o* batt.e& ha-in+ occurred in the area0 &uch a& bunker&0 barbed ire0
eapon&0 he.(et&0 de&tro,ed -ehic.e&0 a((unition0 etc.
>ui.din+& that (a, ha-e been occupied or u&ed durin+ *i+htin+.
108
A*ter hea-, rain&0 that ha-e created .and&.ide&0 (ine& (a, e.. ha-e *.oated
aa, or a&hed aa,J beare o* area& near .and&.ide&.
*f the 6orst Happens
#he to (o&t u&ua. a,& in hich ,ou i.. di&co-er that ,ou are in a
(ine*ie.d are (1) i* there i& an e;p.o&ion and (2) i* ,ou *ind a (ine.
I* an e;p.o&ion occur& or a (ine i& *ound0 the *ir&t thin+ to do i& to &top a..
(o-e(ent. An, (o-e(ent (a, detonate one or (ore nearb, (ine&. An,one in
the -icinit, (u&t be arned. I* there i& a ca&ua.t,0 it i& (o&t i(portant that heF&he
doe& not (o-e and thatAat .ea&t initia.., I no@one =oes into the minefield to
help# 6eop.e ru&hin+ in to he.p are -er, o*ten either ki..ed or (ai(ed. 2ir&t aid
can be +i-en on., hen a &a*e path ha& been *ound into the *ie.d.
9&tab.i&hin+ a &a*e path into or out o* a (ine*ie.d i& &o(ethin+ that &hou.d
be done on., a& a .a&t re&ort. It i& a.a,& be&t to +et pro*e&&iona. he.p0 either
*ro( trained (i.itar, per&onne. (u&ua.., *ro( an en+ineerin+ re+i(ent) or *ro( a
deA(inin+ %4!. I* a &a*e path ha& to be *ound ithout pro*e&&iona. he.p0 the
*o..oin+ (u&t be done1
I* there i& a &a*e pathQ
I* po&&ib.e0 *ind out here the c.o&et &a*e area i&. #hi& (a, be the direction in
hich the path (u&t +o. #he &a*e&t path0 thou+h0 ou.d u&ua.., be the route
that a& u&ed on the a, into (ine*ie.d.
I* there i& (ore than one per&on in the (ine*ie.d0 on., one per&on (u&t be in
char+e0 and on., one per&on (u&t (o-e at a ti(e. Ceep a &a*e di&tance o* at
.ea&t 10A20 (etre& beteen each per&on.
109
#he ori+ina. route into the (ine*ie.d &hou.d be *o..oed CerD closelD0 hi.e
the per&on (o-in+ (u&t &ta, a.ert at a.. ti(e&. 6anic (u&t0 a& *ar a& po&&ib.e0
be &topped i((ediate.,.
I* there i& no &a*e pathQ
I* ,ou cannot re(e(ber ,our route into the (ine*ie.d or i* ,ou *ind a (ine on
the route that ,ou thou+h ere &a*e0 then the on., a, *orard i& b, probin+
*or (ine&. 6robin+ i& done ith an in&tru(ent0 e.+. a kni*e at .ea&t 8A10 c(
.on+ (re(e(ber to procure &uch an in&tru(ent be*ore enterin+ an are here
there i& a ri&k o* (ine&.). #hi& i& u&ed to &tick into the +round at an an+.e o*
30 de+ree&. 9-er, &)uare c( o* the path (u&t be probed. I* there i& an
ob&truction0 thi& i& carefullD e;po&ed. I* it i& a (ine0 then arn the other&0
(ark the &pot (u&e &tone&0 piece& o* ood0 etc.) and continue probin+.
:hen probin+0 it i& i(portant to decide the idth o* the path to probe1 i* it i&
too narro0 &o(eone (a, tread out&ideJ i* it i& too ide0 an unnece&&ar,
a(ount o* ti(e (a, be u&ed to probe and there i.. be *urther ri&k o*
detonatin+ a (ine. >e aare that probin+ i& ti(eAcon&u(in+0 -er, tirin+ and
ner-eArackin+Ae&pecia.., *or the untrained.
8e&cuin+ a 7ine Eicti(Q
I* a path (u&t be (ade to re&cue a (ine -icti(0 thi& &hou.d be done on., i*
the per&on i& a.i-e and hen there i& no pro*e&&iona. he.p. :hen the per&on
ha& been reached (b, one o* he abo-e (ethod&)0 an area around the per&on
(u&t be c.eared0 a..oin+ roo( *or the u&e o* *ir&t aid. >e care*u.0 a& there
(a, be untri++ered (ine& under the ca&ua.t, 1 probe under the per&on.
I* the ca&ua.t, i& h,&terica.0 it i& -ita. to ca.( hi(Fher be*ore +ettin+ c.o&e.
!*ten thou+h0 -icti(& are unu&ua.., ca.(J thi& i& becau&e the, ha-e had a
trau(atic &hock.
110
:hen the abo-e ha& been carried out0 +i-e *ir&t aid.
:hen read,0 the ca&ua.t, (u&t be e;tricated *ro( the (ine*ie.d. #hi& can be
done0 *or e;a(p.e0 b, u&in+ a *ire(anH& .i*t or b, pu..in+ the per&on a.on+ the
path. It i& i(portant to be -er, care*u. do a& not to +et in=ured b, (ine&
,our&e.*.
It i& i(portant to be aare that re&cuin+ a ca&ua.t, *ro( a (ine*ie.d i& a
-er, ri&k, undertakin+0 and that no done i& there*ore ob.i+ed to carr, thi& out. #he
u&e o* he.icopter e-acuation (b, inch) i& a po&&ibi.it, that &hou.d be .ooked into0
i* po&&ib.e.
D#/#8 ECacuation $lan
#he tea( .eader i& u&ua.., re&pon&ib.e *or e&tab.i&hin+ e-acuation p.an&
(hich (u&t coincide ith the p.an& o* the 'e&i+nated !**icia.). 9-acuation p.an&
(a, be di-ided into (1) &e(iAe-acuation (in ca&e it i& nece&&ar, to reduce
per&onne. don to a &ke.eton tea(0J (2) *u.. e-acuation (hen there i& enou+h
ti(e *or the ho.e tea( to e-acuate in an order., (anner and take a.. the
e)uip(ent0 -ehic.e&0 etc.0 ith the()J and (3) e(er+enc, e-acuation (hen there
i& ti(e *or the tea( to take on., the (o&t nece&&ar, e)uip(ent and -ehic.e&).
Ite(& that &hou.d be inc.uded in the&e p.an& areJ a.a,& keep a &u**icient a(ount
o* (one, *or e-acuation purpo&e&J a.a,& keep a *ue. re&er-e read, *or -ehic.e&
to be u&edJ pinApoint -ehic.e& to be u&ed *or e(er+enc, e-acuationJ *ind potentia.
route& to be u&ed out o* the areaJ i* po&&ib.e0 (ake a+ree(ent& be*orehand ith
authoritie& border po&t&0 %4!H&0 etc. (it (a, be po&&ib.e *or the tea( and other
or+ani?ation&0 that are e-acuatin+0 to e-acuate to+ether)J and brin+ interpreter&
(be aare that thi& (a, endan+er the interpreter i& heF&he i& .oca.).
111
D#2 ,edical ECacuation
2or each $%'A" (i&&ion0 !"HA obtain& 3(edica. e-acuation in&uranceH
*or a.. (e(ber& participatin+ in the (i&&ion. 9ach (e(ber i& pro-ided ith an
3/!/ pa&&portH nu(ber a& proo* o* the in&urance. #hi& re*erence nu(ber &hou.d
be u&ed in a.. contact& ith /!/ A&&i&tance /.A. /!/ A&&i&tance ha& a
or.dide netork o* "ontro.0 /er-ice and 7edica. "entre& acce&&ib.e b,
te.ephone0 *a; or te.e; 24 hour& a da,0 7 da,& a eek. In &u((ar,0 the &er-ice&
inc.ude1 re*erra. to (edica. corre&pondent& abroadJ .on+Adi&tance (edica. ad-iceJ
e-acuation andFor (edica. repatriationJ di&patch o* an /!/ &pecia.i&t ph,&icianJ
.oca. treat(ent o* patient under /!/ &uper -i&ionJ +uarantee o* ho&pita. depo&it&J
di&patch o* (edicine.
#he in&urance pro-ide& tra-e..in+ (e(ber& a&&i&tance in ca&e o* (edica.
e(er+enc, or tra-e. incident a& de*ined in the 4enera. "ondition& o* the /!/
/er-ice 6ro+ra((e. #he in&urance i& -a.id i((ediate., upon receipt o* the
!"HA re)ue&t at /!/ A&&i&tance /.A. /!/ pa&&port nu(ber& *or each in&ured
(e(ber o* the (i&&ion are pro-ided i((ediate., or0 out&ide o**ice hour&0 on the
*o..oin+ orkin+ da,.
In ca&e o* (edica. e(er+enc,0 the $%'A" (e(ber &hou.d1
"a.. the neare&t 8e+iona. "ontro. "entre1
4ene-a1 #e.1 @41 22 785 0000
2a;1 @ 41 22 785 6424
#e.e;1 427 172 &o&a ch
6hi.ade.phia1 #e.1 @ 1215245 4707
$/A
112
/in+apore1 #e.1 @ 65 226 3936
>e read, to pro-ide the *o..oin+ in*or(ation1
2a(i., na(e and *ir&t na(e
/!/ pa&&port nu(ber (inc.udin+ the .etter&)
7e(berH& pre&ent .ocation0 te.ephone nu(ber
#he nature o* the prob.e(
In*or( !"HA I4ene-a a& &oon a& po&&ib.e.
D#2#2 *nBurD or death of UNDAC ,ember
In the un*ortunate e-ent o* in=ur, or death o* an $%'A" (e(ber on
(i&&ion0 the *o..oin+ action &hou.d be taken1
1. In*or( the in countr, 8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator o* the incident
i((ediate.,Are)ue&t hi( to *orard a report to !"HA 4ene-a ('8>) and
$%/9"!!8' %e Gork (i* nece&&ar,).
2. /tart o* .o+ o* action& taken and re&pon&e.
3. %oti*, !"HA 4ene-a (2"/$F"hie* '8>F'e&k '8>) a.on+ ith
in*or(ation to in countr, 8e&ident "oordinator. !"HA 4ene-a to in*or(
the $%'A" (e(ber& countr, *oca. point *or in*or(ation to the re.ati-e& o*
the in=ured Fdecea&ed (e(ber.
4. %oti*, the 9(ba&&, o* the ca&ua.t, $%'A" (e(ber0 i* it e;i&t& in countr,.
5. A&k *or !"HA 4ene-a to arran+e aero(edica. e-acuation o* in=ured
$%'A" (e(ber.
113
6. 9n&ure .oca. authoritie& kept in*or(edA check i* an, *or(a.itie& ha-e to be
done .oca.., i.e. 6o.ice 8eport0 death certi*icate etc. a& the&e (a, ha-e
.e+a. i(p.ication& .ater on.
7. 6repare a &hort pre&& re.ea&e +i-in+ the *act& o* the incident *or the .oca.
Finternationa. (edia i* needed.
8. Arran+e *or e-acuation the ca&ua.t, to the capita. o* the countr, orF
neare&t air*ie.dFneare&t (edica. *aci.it, Ia& re)uired.
9. 9n&ure arran+e(ent& (ade in countr, *or either (edica. treat(ent o*
in=ured (e(ber or repatriation o* decea&ed (e(ber.
10. A&&e&& he circu(&tance& o* the incident and (ake a deci&ion in
con&u.tation ith tea( (e(ber& $n 8e&ident "oordinator and 2"/$ on
(odi*ication0 continuation or ter(ination o* the (i&&ion.
D#22 ,ission End
D#22#2 ,ission End@ *n countrD
>e*ore endin+ a (i&&ion0 the deci&ion to e;it (u&t be taken. #hi& i& done
throu+h a+ree(ent ith the $% 8e&ident F Hu(anitarian "oordinator and
throu+h a+ree(ent ith !"HAA4ene-a. A*ter the deci&ion i& taken0 the tea(
&hou.d0 be*ore departure0 debrie* the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator0 i&
po&&ib.e the '7#0 and0 hen appropriate0 the nationa. authoritie&.
I* the $% 8e&ident "oordinator decide& to re)ue&t an e;ten&ion o* the
$%'A" #ea( inAcountr,0 thi& re)ue&t &hou.d be re-ieed b, 2"/$ *or *orard
p.annin+ (i.e. a-ai.abi.it, o* $%'A" (e(ber& inAcountr, to pro.on+ their (i&&ion0
rotation b, &endin+ out a ne $%'A" a.ert).
114
D#22#2 ,ission End@ OCHA 54eneCa
At the (i&&ion end0 a.. $%'A" (e(ber& i.. return to their ho(e
countrie& -ia 4ene-a here the, i.. be debrie*ed and0 i* app.icab.e0 participate
in +enera. in*or(ation (eetin+& ith repre&entati-e& o* the internationa.
co((unit, and a+encie& repre&ented in 4ene-a. I* debrie*in+ i& not po&&ib.e in
4ene-a becau&e o* .ar+e &ca.e in-o.-e(ent o* a nationa. or 8e+iona. $%'A"
#ea(0 !"HA 4ene-a i.. or+ani&e it& conduct ithin the re+ion.
,ission Debrief
#he (i&&ion debrie* i.. take p.ace ith the 'e&k !**icer *or the
e(er+enc, and 2"/$ &ta**. It i.. co-er the *o..oin+ point&0 hich are &et out in
the >rie*in+ 2i.e pro-ided to the #ea( on departure0 and an, other& hich (a,
be re.e-ant0 in order to dra up .e&&on& .earned and to enrich the in&titutiona.
(e(or,1
#er(& o* re*erence 1 ere the #!8 ade)uate0 ere the, a(ended0 and i* &o0
*or hat rea&on.
7obi.i?ation1 an, di**icu.tie&0 de.a,&0 (i&under&tandin+&0 durin+ the
(obi.i?ation period &hou.d be (entioned.
Arri-a. in countr,1 a& the tea( (et b, o**icia.&0 $%'6 repre&entati-eJ ere
arran+e(ent& *or -i&a&0 reception o* .u++a+e0 e)uip(ent0 etc. &ati&*actor,.
#ra-e. (internationa. and in countr,)1 (ention &hou.d be (ade o* initia. tea(
(ar&ha..in+0 the onard =ourne, to the a**ected countr,J an, tra-e. in countr,
*or *ie.d trip&.
115
Ad(ini&tration1 an, i&&ue& re+ardin+ per die(0 u&e o* tra-e..er& che)ue&0
other ad(ini&trati-e (atter &hou.d be (entioned.
6er&ona. and #ea( e)uip(ent1 an, chan+e& or addition& &hou.d be noted.
!**ice 9)uip(ent1 an, chan+e& or addition& &hou.d be noted.
/upport *ro( the 8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator and $%'61 thi& ite(
ou.d co-er &upport *ro( per&onne. in the capita. and in the *ie.d0 pro-i&ion o*
o**ice &pace *or the tea(.
>ack&toppin+ *ro( 4ene-a1 an, re)uire(ent& *e.t durin+ the (i&&ion and ho
the, ere dea.t ith &hou.d be noted.
!r+ani?ation o* ork and a&&e&&(ent proce&&1 thi& i&&ue &hou.d be e-a.uated
in the .i+ht o* e;perience.
<o+i&tic&J ere arran+e(ent& *or acco((odation ade)uateJ an, tip& on
hote.& u&ed &hou.d be pro-idedJ (ention &hou.d a.&o be (ade o* u&e o*
-ehic.e& in the capita. and in the *ie.d and an, other i&&ue& ari&in+.
AdministratiCe ,atters
A.. (e(ber& &hou.d co(p.ete the $nited %ation& tra-e. c.ai( *or(. #o
a&&i&t ith thi& procedure0 the *o..oin+ check.i&t o* docu(ent& needed i& a.&o
contained in the >rie*in+ 2i.e pro-ided to the #ea( on departure1
!ri+ina. o* 6#8 ($$ #ra-e. authori?ation)
!ri+ina.& o* u&ed air ticket& p.u& photocopie& o* onard ticket&.
116
Attach(ent& o* e;pen&e& (receipt& *or ta;i&0 o**icia. phone ca..&0 etc.) 6.ea&e
note that the $nited %ation& i& -er, re&tricti-e ith rei(bur&in+ e;pen&e& that
are not e;p.icit., authori?ed on the tra-e. authori?ation0 #here*ore0 con&u.t
ith the tea( .eader be*ore incurrin+ &uch e;pen&e&. I* o**icia. ca..& are (ade
*ro( the hote.0 a break don &hoin+ nu(ber& ca..ed and date& &hou.d be
re)ue&ted *ro( the hote..
<o+ o* inAcountr, tra-e. (ith note& on photo&F&.ide& taken)0 (eetin+&
attended and peop.e (et.
A.. docu(ent&0 inc.udin+ #ra-e. c.ai( *or ter(ina. e;pen&e&0 are
photocopied *or $%'A" (e(ber and !"HA $%'A" *i.e.
#he $% certi*icate (u&t be returned to $%'A" &upport tea(.
*nformation ,eetin=
A*ter re.ie* (i&&ion& to (a=or e(er+encie&0 an in*or(ation (eetin+ (a, be
he.d0 ith participation o* intere&ted countrie& and For a+encie&0 %4!&0 !"HA
&ta**0 durin+ hich the tea( i.. pro-ide a &u((ar, to the acti-itie& carried out0
ith achie-e(ent&0 u&in+ an, -i&ua. aid& a-ai.ab.e (&.ide&0 o-erhead0 -ideo0.
,ission %eport
A dra*t o* the (i&&ion report0 inc.udin+ an, &ituation report&0 .i&t o*
(eetin+& he.d0 per&on& (et0 &hou.d be prepared0 *or *ina.i?ation b, !"HA tea(
.eader.
D#22# ,ission %eport
117
4eneral
#he (i&&ion report i& co(po&ed b, the tea( and &hou.d be *orarded to
!"HA a& &oon a& po&&ib.e a*ter the end o* the (i&&ion. #he purpo&e o* a
(i&&ion report i& to in*or( !"HA about the nature and &cope o* the (i&&ion
undertaken. It a.&o +oe& into !"HAH& &ub&tanti-e *i.e and ad(ini&trati-e record&.
2urther(ore0 (i&&ion report& hi+h.i+ht *o..oAup action& to be taken a*ter the
(i&&ion. #he report (a, contain an anne; ith brie* (inute& o* (eetin+&J report&
recei-ed *ro( .oca. authoritie&0 the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator0 other
$% a+encie&0 +o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&0 %4!H& re.ie* tea(& and other&J
picture& re.atin+ to the purpo&e o* the (i&&ionJ (ap&H and a .i&t o* per&on& (et.
"he Format
/ub(itted b,1 (%a(e >ranch 'ate)
"oAtra-e..er&1
Ei&it to 1 (na(eF.ocation o* in&titute&0 or+ani?ation pro=ect0 (eetin+0 etc.)
Inc.u&i-e (i&&ion date&1 Inter IA+enc, 7i&&ion1
(rite ,e& or no)
6urpo&eF!b=ect o* 7i&&ion1
/u((ar, 1
8eco((endation(&)FAction to be #aken1
AnneF 5 )etter of 21 April 2/// issued bD the Emer=encD %elief Coordinator
and the UND$ Administrator
118
#he *o..oin+ .etter a& &ent to a.. 8e&ident "oordinator& *ro( 7r. Da(e&
4u&ta-e /peth0 Ad(ini&trator0 $nited %ation& 'e-e.op(ent 6ro+ra((e&0 %e
Gork and 7r. /er+io Eieria 'e 7e..o0 $nder I/ecretar,A 4enera. *or
Hu(anitarian A**air& and 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator.
3'ear "o..ea+ue&0
4enera. A&&e(b., re&o.ution 46F182 and the /ecretar, I4enera.H&
6ro+ra((e *or 8e*or( char+e the 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator (98") ith
pro-idin+ .eader&hip in coordinatin+ the e**ort& o* the internationa. co((unit, to
&upport countrie& a**ected b, di&a&ter&. #he, a.&o +i-e hi( the re&pon&ibi.it, o*
&tren+thenin+ the &,&te(A ide capacit, to re&pond to pre&ent and *uture
hu(anitarian cha..en+e&. Hu(anitarian coordination arran+e(ent& at the *ie.d
.e-e. are the ke, (echani&(& to achie-e thi&.
2urther(ore0 4enera. A&&e(b., re&o.ution 52F12> and the /ecretar,A
4enera.H& 6ro+ra((e *or 8e*or( tran&*erred the re&pon&ibi.itie& o* the 98" *or
operationa. acti-itie& *or natura. di&a&ter (iti+ation0 pre-ention0 and
preparedne&& to $%'60 in order to pro(ote nationa. capacit,A bui.din+.
A& ,ou are aare0 the =ob de&cription o* 8e&ident "oordinator& (8")
out.ine& re&pon&ibi.itie& *or .eadin+ the &,&te(Aide re&pon&e to both
hu(anitarian cri&e& cau&ed b, con*.ict (co(p.e; e(er+encie&0 and natura. and
techno.o+ica. di&a&ter&0 e&pecia.., durin+ the initia. &ta+e& and up to &uch ti(e a&
the InterAA+enc, /tandin+ "o((ittee *or(a.., decide& on a hu(anitarian
coordination arran+e(ent *or a +i-en countr, or re+ion. :hen (ana+in+ and
coordinatin+ re&pon&e& to the&e &ituation&0 8"& are re&pon&ib.e and accountab.e
to the 98". :hen dea.in+ ith natura. di&a&ter (iti+ation0 pre-ention0 and
preparedne&&0 to en&ure nationa. capacit, bui.din+0 the, i.. report to $%'6.
119
In 19880 natura. di&a&ter& e;acted a particu.ar., hea-, to.. on de-e.opin+
countrie&0 *or hich (a&&i-e a&&i&tance a& re)uired *ro( the internationa.
co((unit,. #he $nited %ation& &,&te(0 under the .eader&hip at the countr, .e-e.
o* 8"& and $nited %ation& countr, tea(& p.a,ed a (a=or ro.e in re&pondin+ an
thu& a..e-iatin+ the &u**erin+ o* a**ected popu.ation& ith the &upport o* !"HA
inc.udin+ the $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter A&&e&&(ent and "oordination ($%'A")
tea(&. /i(i.ar.,0 the 9(er+enc, 8e&pon&e 'i-i&ion (98') in $%'6 ha& been
+i-in+ &upport to the countr, tea(& e&pecia.., in di&a&ter (iti+ation0 pre-ention0
preparedne&& and capacit, bui.din+.
#o en&ure the (o&t rapid and e**icient $nited %ation& &,&te( approach at
countr, .e-e. and the direct acce&& o* 8"& to the &pecia.i&t &upport and +uidance
a-ai.ab.e *ro( !"HA0 e i&h to reca.. the arran+e(ent& out.ined in the
attached 4uide.ine& *or "ooperation a+reed beteen $%'6 and !"HA (then
'HA) dated 3 /epte(ber 1993. A& indicated therein0 hen re&pondin+ to
co(p.e; e(er+encie& and natura. di&a&ter&0 8"& i.. report to the 98". :hen
dea.in+ ith natura. di&a&ter (iti+ation0 pre-ention0 preparedne&& and capacit,
bui.din+. 8"& i.. report to the Ad(ini&trator. #he 98" and the $%'6
Ad(ini&trator in turn i.. en&ure that 8"& are *u.., &upported. 2or !"HA0 the
*oca. point in thi& re+ard i& the A&&i&tant 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator in
4ene-a. <ikei&e *or $%'60 the *oca. point i& the director0 98" at $%'6 in %e
Gork and the 'eput, 'irector o* 98' in 4ene-a.
In thi& re&pect0 p.ea&e note that !"HA 4ene-a ha& a 24A hour0 7 da,&F
eek dut, &,&te( ith the *o..oin+ e(er+enc, nu(ber1
'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch ('8>) 1 0041 22 917 2010
"o(p.e; 9(er+enc, >ranch ("98>) 1 0041 79 217 3052
2inance and Ad(ini&trati-e /ection (2A/) 1 0041 79 217 3000
8e+ardin+ $%'6 98' the contact nu(ber& areJ
120
$%'6 9(er+enc, 8e&pon&e 'i-i&ion (98') %e Gork
>ranch 1 1 212 906 5193
$%'6 9(er+enc, 8e&pon&e 'i-i&ion (98') 4ene-a
>ranch1 0041 22 917 8540
A& .eader o* the $nited %ation& countr, tea(0 e .ook *orard to ,our
c.o&e co..aboration ith the 98" to en&ure rapid and e**ecti-e &,&te(Aide
re&pon&e to natura. di&a&ter& and co(p.e; e(er+encie&.
8e+ard.5
E# Disaster Assessment
E#2 *ntroduction
$urpose of UNDAC Assessment
#he o-era.. purpo&e o* an $%'A" a&&e&&(ent i& to a&&i&t the +o-ern(ent
o* an a**ected countr, and the $% 8e&ident F Hu(anitarian "oordinator F $%A
'7# in identi*,in+ need& *or internationa. di&a&ter re.ie* a&&i&tance and to
*aci.itate a ti(e.,0 appropriate re&pon&e b, the internationa. co((unit,. In
particu.ar0 the $%'A" tea( a&&i&t& in an onA&ite a&&e&&(ent o*1
121
#he nature o* the di&a&terJ
'a(a+e0 inc.udin+ &econdar, threat&J
9**ect& on the popu.ationJ
!n+oin+ re.ie* acti-itie& and .oca. re&pon&e capacit,J
%eed *or internationa. a&&i&tanceJ
7ean& o* de.i-erin+ internationa. a&&i&tanceJ
9;pected de-e.op(ent&.
E#2#2 (cope of UNDAC Assessment
In order to de.ineate the &cope o* an $%'A" a&&e&&(ent0 it i& u&e*u. to
di&tin+ui&h beteen the *o..oin+ di**erent t,pe& o* a&&e&&(ent0 a& de*ined in
the conte;t o* thi& handbookJ
a# *nitial or %apid Assessment
Initia. a&&e&&(ent co(pri&e& both &ituation and need& a&&e&&(ent in the
ear.,0 critica. &ta+e o* a di&a&ter to deter(ine the, t,pe o* re.ie* needed *or
i((ediate re&pon&e. Initia. a&&e&&(ent ai( to1
Identi*, the i(pact a di&a&ter ha& had on a &ociet, and it& in*ra&tructure0 and
the abi.it, o* that &ociet, to copeJ
Identi*, the (o&t -u.nerab.e &e+(ent& o* the popu.ation that need to be
tar+eted *or a&&i&tanceJ
Identi*, the .e-e. o* re&pon&e b, the a**ected countr, and it& interna. capacit,
to cope ith &ituationJ
Identi*, the .e-e. o* re&pon&e *ro( the internationa. co((unit,J
Identi*, the (o&t ur+ent re.ie* need& and potentia. (ethod& o* pro-idin+ the(
(o&t e**ecti-e.,J
7ake reco((endation& hich de*ine and &et prioritie& on the action& an
re&ource& needed *or i((ediate re&pon&eJ
Hi+h.i+ht &pecia. concern& re+ardin+ the de-e.op(ent o* &ituationJ
122
'ra attention to +eo+raphica. area&F &ub&tanti-e &ector& needin+ iAdepth
a&&e&&(ent.
b# (ituationEDisaster Assessment
/ituationFdi&a&ter a&&e&&(ent re*er& to the proce&& o* co..ectin+
in*or(ation on the (a+nitude o* the di&a&ter and the e;tent o* it& i(pact on both
the popu.ation and in*ra&tructure o* the &ociet,. #hi& t,pe o* in*or(ation i& u&ua..,
*ir&t a-ai.ab.e to an a&&e&&(ent tea(.
c# Needs Assessment
%eed& A&&e&&(ent ai(& to de*ine the .e-e. and t,pe o* a&&i&tance
re)uired *or the a**ected popu.ation. #he initia. need& a&&e&&(ent identi*ie&
re&ource& and &er-ice& *or i((ediate e(er+enc, (ea&ure& to &a-e and &u&tain
the .i-e& o* the a**ected popu.ation It i& conducted at the &ite o* a di&a&ter or at
the .ocation o* a di&p.aced popu.ation. It (a, a.&o identi*, the need *or continued
(onitorin+ and rea&&e&&(ent o* the un*o.din+ di&a&ter.
d# *n@depth or (ectoral Assessment
InAdepth A&&e&&(ent (a, re*er to both &ituation and need& a&&e&&(ent.
An inAdepth a&&e&&(ent u&ua.., &tart& a*ter the initia. &ur-e,& and i.. co-er
critica. &ector& that ha-e to be addre&&ed *or (ediu(A and .on+erAter( re.ie* a&
e.. a& rehabi.itation and recon&truction a&&i&tance. InAdepth a&&e&&(ent& are
carried out b, &pecia.i&t& in the &ector& concerned. An $%'A" tea( doe& not
rep.ace a traditiona. interAa+enc, (i&&ion *or an inAdepth ana.,&i& o* (ediu(A
and .on+Ater( rehabi.itationFrecon&truction need& e(anatin+ *ro( an e(er+enc,.
#he $%'A" tea( *ocu&e& on initia. rapid a&&e&&(ent a& &oon a& po&&ib.e
a*ter the i(pact o* a &uddenAon&et di&a&ter. An $%'" a&&e&&(ent &hou.d he.p
deter(ine the e;tent o* a di&a&ter and it& i(pact on the popu.ation a& e.. a&
123
need& *or internationa. a&&i&tance durin+ the i((ediate re.ie* or &ur-i-a. pha&e.
'urin+ thi& pha&e e;ceptiona. (ea&ure& ha-e to be taken to (eet the ba&ic
need& o* &ur-i-or& ith re+ard to &earch and re&cue0 (edica. a&&i&tance0 ater
&upp.,0 i((ediate *ood need&0 &he.ter and &anitation.
E#2#2 Assessment %ecommendations and their *mpact on
%ecoCerD
It i& i(portant that the reco((endation& o* the $%'A" tea( do not ha-e
a counterAproducti-e e**ect on the .on+Ater( reco-er, e**ort& o* an a**ected
countr,. 8e.ie* pro+ra(& can &et the &ta+e *or rapid reco-er, or pro.on+ the
.en+th o* the reco-er, period. 9-er, action an e(er+enc, re&pon&e i.. ha-e a
direct e**ect on the (anner and co&t o* recon&truction.
7an, co((on re.ie* pro+ra(& can create dependencie& and &e-ere.,
reduce the &ur-i-orH& abi.it, to cope ith the ne;t di&a&ter. 2or e;a(p.e0 *ood
co((oditie& brou+ht into a di&a&ter area ithout con&ideration *or the .oca.
a+ricu.tura. &,&te( can de&tro, the .oca. (arket and cau&e *uture *ood &horta+e&
here &e.*A&u**icienc, had been the nor(. Another e;a(p.e i& hen re.ie*
&upp.ie&0 e)uip(ent or techno.o+, are &ent in that cannot be &u&tained b, the
&ur-i-or&. :hen thi& a&&i&tance ear& out or i& u&ed up0 the &ur-i-or& (a, be
.e*t in the &a(e condition a& i((ediate., *o..oin+ the di&a&ter.
8eco((endation& &hou.d be &i(p.e0 &upport the u&e o* .oca. (ateria.&
and &,&te(& and be &u&tainab.e b, the a**ected countr,.
E#2 ,ethodolo=D and $lannin=
E#2#2 9eDs to (uccessful Assessment
/e-era. *actor& contribute to the de&i+n o* &ucce&&*u. and accurate
a&&e&&(ent1
124
*dentifD *nformation "hat is <ital for the Users
#he u&er& o* an $%'A" a&&e&&(ent are nor(a.., the +o-ern(ent o* an
a**ected countr,0 the $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator0 the $%A'7#0
!"HAA 4ene-a0 the $nited %ation& 9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator and deci&ionA
(aker& and e(er+enc, practitioner& or pro-ider& o* internationa. re.ie*
a&&i&tance. #he $%'A" a&&e&&(ent check.i&t &er-e& a& a +enera. +uide0
hoe-er the tea( &hou.d deter(ine hat in*or(ation i& -ita. in the particu.ar
circu(&tance&0 hat (ethod i& be&t to obtain thi& in*or(ation0 and ho (uch
detai. i& nece&&ar, *or the in*or(ation to be u&e*u.. 7i&take& that are ea&i., (ade
are to co..ect in*or(ation that i& anecdota. rather than &ub&tanti-eJ or to a&te
-a.uab.e ti(e co..ectin+ detai.ed in*or(ation hen repre&entati-e data ou.d be
=u&t a& u&e*u.. #hu&0 trian+u.atin+ in*or(ation i& -ita..
ApplD (tandards E *ndicators
>, app.,in+ indicator& and &tandard& to the pre&entation o* data0 ke,
re.ation&hip& can be )uick., noted. 2or e;a(p.e0 dai., death rate& in a di&p.aced
per&on ca(p &hou.d be ca.cu.ated and co(pared to the internationa. &tandard o*
1.0 death& per 100000 per da,. 8e*erence (ateria. o* 7ini(u( /tandard& in
di&a&ter 8e&pon&e in -ariou& &ector& i& +i-en in /ection I.
"imin= of the Assessment
#i(in+ (a, a**ect the accurac, o* an a&&e&&(ent. 8e(e(ber &ituation&
and need& can chan+e dra(atica.., *ro( da, to da,. 8e.ie* need& are a.a,&
re.ati-e but0 a& a +enera. ru.e0 initia. rapid a&&e&&(ent& &hou.d be broad in &cope
and &hou.d deter(ine o-era.. pattern& and trend&. 7ore detai.ed in*or(ation can
ait unti. e(er+enc, operation& are e.. e&tab.i&hed.
125
Determine the &est $laces to Obtain Accurate *nformation
It the in*or(ation (u&t be obtained *ro( check .i&t&0 it i& i(portant that the
area& bein+ a&&e&&ed pro-ide an accurate picture o* need& and prioritie&.
Distin=uish &et:een Emer=encD and Chronic Needs
Eirtua.., a.. de-e.opin+ countrie& ha-e .on+A&tandin+ chronic need& in
(o&t0 i* not a..0 &ector&. It i& i(portant to de&i+n and a&&e&&(ent that i..
di&tin+ui&h beteen chronic and e(er+enc, need&. #he &ur-e,or& (u&t
di**erentiate beteen hat i& nor(a. *or the .ocation and hat i& occurrin+ a& a
re&u.t o* the di&a&ter0 &o that e(er+enc, *ood aid0 hea.th care and other
a&&i&tance can be pro-ided at the appropriate .e-e.. #hu& ba&e.ine in*or(ation
i.e. hat a& the &ituation prior to the di&a&ter0 i& -ita. to be ab.e to co(pare
-u.nerabi.it, be*ore and a*ter the di&a&ter and to di**erentiate beteen chronic
and e(er+enc, need&.
U(E %eco=ni;ed "erminolo=DA (tandards and $rocedures
#o 6ro-ide a ba&i& *or e-a.uatin+ the in*or(ation0 the $%'A" tea( &hou.d
be care*u. to *o..o reco+ni?ed &ur-e, and data co..ection (ethod& a& indicated
in "hapter 9.2.2 and u&e the ter(ino.o+, indicated in the +.o&&ar, and &tandard&
pro-ided in the re*erence (ateria.& b, &ector.
Consider CountrD@(pecific (ensitiCities
#he a&&e&&(ent tea( (u&t be &en&iti-e to the &ituation in the a**ected
countr,. #he ta( need& to &tructure it& a&&e&&(ent )ue&tion& &o that
e;pectation& are not created. It &hou.d be c.ear to that authoritie& at a.. .e-e. hat
the ro.e o* $%'A" i&. #he a&&e&&(ent tea( (u&t a.&o be aare o* the
126
pre&&ure& it i.. *ee. *ro( the a**ected countr, and other& to 5identi*, need&.5 A
reco((endation o* 3 no additiona. a&&i&tance i& re)uired05 (a, be a -a.id
re&pon&e0 i* an onA&ite -i&it re-ea.& that the di&a&ter i& not &o &e-ere a& indicated
in thirdAhand report& and (edia co-era+e.
E#2#2 Assessment $rocess
#he *o..oin+ in*or(ation de*ine& the e.e(ent& o* an, a&&e&&(ent
proce&&. A&&e&&(ent& are +enera.., co(pri&ed o* *i-e ba&ic e.e(ent& or
acti-itie&1
2# $lannin=
An accurate a&&e&&(ent depend& on thorou+h p.annin+0 de&i+n and
preparation. 7o&t in*or(ation need& can be identi*ied in ad-ance. A p.an o*
action &hou.d be e&tab.i&hed a& a re&u.t o* the p.annin+ pha&e. !b=ecti-e& it i&
intended to achie-e (u&t be enu(erated.
In the p.annin+ &ta+e0 the *o..oin+ point& ha-e to be taken into
con&ideration1
/peci*ic ta&k o* the tea( (adaptation o* the ter(& o* re*erence in di&cu&&ion
ith the $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator)
Initia. &i?e and co(po&ition o* $%'A" tea( and there*ore a con&ideration o*
it& abi.itie& and .i(itation&
'i&a&ter &ituation
#,peFoccurrence
#i(in+ o* (i&&ion
6o&&ib.e *uture de-e.op(ent& o* the di&a&ter
127
'ata and in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e (re.iabi.it,)
/tricken area (&i?e0 topo+raph,0 acce&&ibi.it,0 popu.ation den&it,0 urbanFrura.0
etc.)
:eatherF c.i(atic condition&F &ea&on
InAcountr, .o+i&tic& ((ean& o* tran&port0 co((unication0 (i&&ion &upport I
*ood0 (edica. etc.). Acce&& and /ecurit, .e-e.& to be checked ith appropriate
$% authoritie&.
#i(e a-ai.ab.e
6o&&ib.e in*or(ation &ource& in the area
<oca. cu.tura. and other &ocia. *actor&
6o.itica. &ituation (&ecurit,0 *reedo( o* (o-e(ent0 other re&triction&)
In countr, $% pre&ence in the a**ected area ((an, $% A+encie& ha-e
pro+ra((e& ith nationa. &ta** ho (a, be in the a**ected area. "on&ider
u&in+ their he.p)
6re&ence o* an, other internationa. re.ie* tea(& e.+. 'A8# or (i.itar,.
>a&ed on con&ideration o* the abo-e *actor&0 a p.an o* action &hou.d be
de-e.oped ith the *o..oin+ e.e(ent&1
6reci&e de*inition o* the *ie.d &ur-e,
128
Area(&) to &ur-e,
Itinerar,
#i(e *ra(e
#ea( co(po&ition
At .ea&t to tea( (e(ber& &hou.d &ta, to+ether in carr,in+ out an
a&&e&&(ent. 9-er, atte(pt &hou.d be (ade to ha-e a repre&entati-e *ro(
the $%'6 o**ice or a $% a+enc, ith a pro+ra((e in the area and *ro(
the .oca.Fre+iona. +o-ern(ent acco(pan, the tea(. 8e(e(ber to take a
tran&.ator.
'i&tribution o* ta&k&
#he &pecia. e;perti&e o* indi-idua. tea( (e(ber& &hou.d be taken into
account hen deter(inin+ the di&tribution o* re&pon&ibi.itie&. I* po&&ib.e0 a
*e(a.e $%'A" (e(ber &hou.d be a part o* the tea( a& it (a, ea&e
acce&& to o(en in &o(e area&.
7ain ta&k& to be *u.*i..edJ
Ceepin+ a .o+book o* tea( acti-itie&
8ecordin+ a&&e&&(ent data
6hoto+raphic docu(entation (ith record keepin+)A pre*erab., di+ita.
ca(era
"o((unication&
8eportin+
<o+i&tic& and (i&&ion &upport (ater &upp., and *ood0 *ue.0 keepin+ o*
receipt&0 (edica. kit&0 (ap&0 etc.)
7ethod& o* data co..ection
129
#akin+ into account the di**erent (ethod& o* data co..ection a choice o*
appropriate (ethod& and in*or(ation &ource& ha& to be (ade1 the
participati-e too.& and (ethod& (o&t *re)uent., need areJ
2ocu& 4roup&
/e(i &tructured inter-ie&
!pen )ue&tion&
:a.k throu+h a -i..a+e
:ea.th rankin+
4ender acti-it, pro*i.e&
#i(eA.ine need&
$&e o* rapid a&&e&&(ent check .i&t (&ee "hapter 9.5.1) i& u&ua.., the be&t
a, to en&ure that a.. in*or(ation i& reported in a uni*or( a,
$%'A" (e(ber& (a, a.&o &tud, a&&e&&(ent& conducted b, other&0 tr,
to in*or( the(&e.-e& o* the approach u&ed and thi& (ateria.0 a&
appropriate0 in their reportin+. In thi& ca&e0 the &ource &hou.d a.a,& be
indicated. I28" in (o&t countrie& in an e;tre(e., u&e*u. &ource becau&e
o* the pre&ence o* .oca. chapter& in countr,.
9)uip(ent *or the *ie.d trip
6er&ona.
#ea(
Announce(ent o* itinerar, and contact point&
8e+iona.F.oca. authoritie&
"entra. +o-ern(ent (.etter o* re*erence)
!ther $% a+encie&F (i&&ion& in the areaF%4!H&0 other internationa. tea(&
e.+. 'A8# tea(&.
130
In an initia. a&&e&&(ent0 the +atherin+ o* in*or(ation (u&t proceed rapid.,.
A&&e&&or& &hou.d .ook *or pattern& and indicator& o* potentia. prob.e(&. /ource&
o* a.. in*or(ation &hou.d be identi*ied. 9;a(p.e& inc.ude hether it a& ob&er-ed0
reported b, a ke, in*or(ant in a di&cu&&ion0 co..ected throu+h a check.i&t0 etc.
#he in*or(ation i.. be (ore (eanin+*u. to tho&e interpretin+ it (e&pecia.., ith
con*.ictin+ report&) i* a &ource i& indicated.
#he *o..oin+ .i&t out.ine& &o(e o* the (o&t co((on a,& o* co..ectin+
data in e(er+encie&. A& the $%'A" tea( carrie& out an initia. a&&e&&(ent0 it i..
not nor(a.., ha-e an opportunit, to u&e a.. o* the&e (ethod& in a tru., &cienti*ic
(anner. #he kno.ed+e o* the&e (ethod& (a,0 hoe-er0 he.p to app., a (ore
ob=ecti-e approach and (a, a.&o be u&e*u. in =ud+in+ the re.iabi.it, and -a.idit, o*
a&&e&&(ent& carried out b, other&.
1. Auto(atic0 initia. &e.*Aa&&e&&(ent and .oca. a&&e&&(ent e.+. &ta** o*
V.i*e.ine5 &,&te(&. #hi& can in-o.-e preAp.anned da(a+e reportin+ b,
e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent authoritie& or autoritie& in-o.-ed in the
e(er+enc, re&pon&e.
2. Ei&ua. in&pection &e(i &tructured inter-ie& and 2ocu& +roup& b,
&pecia.i&t&. 7ethod& can inc.ude o-er*.i+ht and check.i&t&. 'o re(e(ber
to inter-ie o(en to +it a +ender ba.anced re-ie o* the &ituation to
achie-e rapid apprai&a. o* area da(a+e.
3. Gou &hou.d take the *o..oin+ action hi.e conductin+ a rapid a&&e&&(ent
in the *i.edJ
(a) 7eet ith the .oca. authorit,0 &tate ho ,ou are.
(b) :a.k throu+h area& a& (uch a& ,ou can.
(c) Ei&it (arket&0 &choo.&0 co((unit, centre&.
(d) <i&ten to peop.e.
131
(e) A&k )ue&tion&.
(*) #rian+u.ate in*or(ation ith a di**erent +roup o* peop.e.
4. 3/entine.5 &ur-ei..ance. #hi& i& a (ethod ide., u&ed in e(er+enc, hea.th
(onitorin+0 here pro*e&&iona. &ta** e&tab.i&h a reportin+ &,&te( hich
detect& ear., &i+n& o* particu.ar prob.e(& at &peci*ic &ite&. #he (ethod
can be app.ied to a -ariet, o* other prob.e(& here ear., arnin+ i&
particu.ar., i(portant.
2# ,onitorin=
An $%'A" a&&e&&(ent &hou.d not be &een a& an end in it&e.*0 but rather
a& one part o* a continuin+ proce&& o* re a&&e&&in+ the need& and
appropriatene&& o* re&pon&e& to the di&a&ter &ituation. In +enera.0 (onitorin+
*o..oin+ an $%'A" a&&e&&(ent &hou.d be carried out b, the $%A7at.
E#3 $rinciples for Assessment
E#3#2 4eneral $rinciples bD (ector
Health
In &uddenAon&et di&a&ter& &uch a& earth)uake&0 or durin+ ci-i. &tri*e di&a&ter&0
there can initia.., be a &i+ni*icant need *or curati-e care0 particu.ar., trau(a
care ithin the popu.ation.
Hea.th &er-ice& *or di&p.aced peop.e &hou.d be +i-en to concept o* pri(ar,
hea.th care. 6riorit, &hou.d be +i-en to pre-enti-e (ea&ure& &uch a& proper
nutrition and pub.ic hea.th &er-ice&0 rather than curati-e (ea&ure&.
An, detai.ed .i&tin+ o* (edica(ent& that (i+ht be &ub(itted to the $%'A"
#ea( i.. ha-e to be re*erred to :H! *or +uidance un.e&& it i& part o* the
9(er+enc, Hea.th Cit.
132
(helter and $ersonal Household Needs
!n., the nece&&ar, (ini(u( o* ti(e0 e**ort and re&ource& &hou.d be
co((itted to te(porar, e(er+enc, &he.ter. 6er(anent recon&truction &hou.d
be pro(oted a& &oon a& po&&ib.e. /ee reco((ended /6H989 pro=ect
&tandard& *or hou&eho.d ite(&0 c.othin+ and hou&in+ in the tab.e&.
"a&h contribution& *or .oca.Fre+iona. purcha&e o* traditiona. hou&in+ (ateria.
*or te(porar, &he.ter are o*ten pre*erab.e to contribution& in kind0 purcha&e o*
tent&0 pre*abricated hou&in+ (ateria. or other &o.ution& not adapted to the
.oca. conte;t. I* po&&ib.e0 (ateria.& &hou.d be pro-ided hich can be reu&ed
.ater in per(anent recon&truction. 7a;i(u( u&e &hou.d a.&o be (ade o*
(ateria. hich can be &a.-a+ed *ro( da(a+ed bui.din+&. Hi+he&t priorit,
&hou.d be +i-en to roo*in+.
Indi-idua. *a(i., initiati-e& &hou.d be encoura+ed to the +reate&t po&&ib.e
de+ree in (eetin+ &he.ter need0 e.+. throu+h he pro-i&ion o* ba&ic (ateria.&0
+uidance *or &e.*Ahe.p pro+ra((e&0 *oodA*orAork pro+ra((e&0 etc. /he.ter0
inc.udin+ co((una. bui.din+&0 &hou.d be bui.t b, the -icti(& the(&e.-e&0
pro-ided (ateria. &upport i& +i-en. #hi& i.. he.p en&ure that the hou&in+ i..
(eet their particu.ar need&. It i.. a.&o he.p reduce their &en&e o* dependenc,
and can cut co&t& con&iderab.,.
3#e(porar, hou&in+5 (u&ua.., pre*abricated) i& to be a-oided. In *act0 it i&
rare., rep.aced. #he unit& are o*ten -er, e;pen&i-e0 ab&orbin+ re&ource&
hich (i+ht be better directed toard& per(anent recon&truction. /uch unit&
and For the &ite& cho&en *or the( ha-e o*ten been *ound un&uitab.e *or .oca.
pattern& o* *a(i., .i*e and cu.tura. tradition&.
6ater and (anitation
6eop.e can &ur-i-e .on+er ithout *ood than ithout ater1 pro-idin+ ater
de(and& i((ediate attention.
133
An ade)uate )uantit, o* rea&onab., &a*e ater i& pre*erab.e to a &(a..er
)uantit, o* pure ater. #reat(ent &hou.d be a-oided0 i* po&&ib.e. 7ini(u(
)uantitie& o* rea&onab., &a*e ater ou.d be pro-ided a& c.o&e to ho(e& a&
po&&ib.e. /a*e &tora+e o* ater &hou.d be pro-ided at the co((unit, and
hou&eho.d .e-e.&.
A-ai.abi.it, i.. +enera.., be the deter(inin+ *actor in or+ani?in+ a &upp., o*
&a*e ater. An a&&e&&(ent o* a-ai.ab.e &ource& o* ater (u&t be (ade b,
&pecia.i&t&. I* the&e &ource& are inade)uate0 ne &ource& ha-e to be
de-e.oped or ater ha& to be de.i-ered.
In an e(er+enc, &ituation0 act *ir&t and i(pro-e .ater. #e(porar, &,&te(& to
(eet i((ediate need& can be i(pro-ed or rep.aced .ater. #he &i*t pro-i&ion
o* a ba&ic hu(an a&te di&po&a. &,&te( i& better than the de.a,ed pro-i&ion
o* an i(pro-ed &,&te(. #he &i(p.e&t techno.o+ie& &hou.d be app.ied.
Food and Nutrition
2ood& prepared .oca.., ith .oca. in+redient& are pre*erab.e to i(ported *ood&.
In ca&e un*a(i.iar *ood& or ne (ethod& o* cookin+ and preparation ha-e to
be introduced to the popu.ation0 &i(p.e nutrition education i& i(portant.
I* po&&ib.e0 or+ani?e dried *ood di&tribution to a..o *a(i.ie& to prepare their
on (ea.&.
In*ant&0 chi.dren0 pre+nant and .actatin+ o(en0 the &ick and e.der., are o*ten
(o&t -u.nerab.e to (a.nutrition and ha-e &pecia. need&.
"erea.& &hou.d on., be pro-ided at the on&et o* an e(er+enc,.
'o not inc.ude driedF &ki((ed (i.k into a +enera. *ood di&tribution.
7$A" ((idd.e upper ar( circu(*erence) i& u&ed to +i-e a rou+h idea o* the
(a.nutrition rate. Hoe-er0 ei+ht *or hei+ht indicator& are u&ed in an
anthroupo(etric nutritiona. &ur-e,.
6re-a.ence o* (icroAnutrient& de*iciencie& *or popu.ation a+e .e&& than 5
,ear&.
134
Displaced $ersons Camps> (ite (electionA $lannin= and (helter
A &uitab.e &ite and ade)uate &he.ter are critica. durin+ the ear., &ta+e& o*
e(er+encie& in-o.-in+ di&p.aced peop.e. A .ack o* both can ad-er&e., a**ect
the e..Abein+ o* di&p.aced peop.e and0 in &o(e ca&e&0 their protection a& e..
a& the de.i-er, o* a&&i&tance to the(.
A-oid hi+hAden&it, ca(p&. 6.an *or the .on+ ter(0 &ince &o ca..ed te(porar,
arran+e(ent& o*ten .a&t (uch .on+er than e;pected.
"a(p p.annin+ &hou.d re*.ect a decentra.i?ed0 &(a.. co((unit, approach0
pre&er-in+ pa&t &ocia. arran+e(ent&. In-o.-e the di&p.aced peop.e (*or ho(
the ca(p i.. be ho(e) in p.annin+ and i(p.e(entation.
9;perti&e (a, be re)uired in the *ie.d& o* +eo.o+,0 &ett.e(ent0 p.annin+0
en+ineerin+ and pub.ic hea.th. A *a(i.iarit, ith .oca. condition& in both the
di&p.aced popu.ationH& area o* ori+in and at their pre&ent .ocation i& i(portant0
a& i& pre-iou& e;perience i.. &i(i.ar e(er+enc, &ituation&.
Urban (earch and %escue ((A%!
Internationa. a&&i&tance ith urban &earch and re&cue (i+ht be re)uired
henJ
A .ar+e urban area i& a**ected
Ho&pita.& and other bui.din+& o* (ore than to &torie& ha-e co..ap&ed.
:hen the&e bui.din+& hich i.. .ea-e &pace& here trapped -icti(& cou.d
&ur-i-e *or &e-era. hour&.
#he chance o* &ur-i-a. o* trapped -icti(& dec.ine& rapid., a*ter 24 to 36
hour&. An $%'A" reco((endation re+ardin+ the (obi.i?ation o* internationa.
/A8 tea(& &hou.d reach !"HAA4ene-a a& &oon a& po&&ib.e a*ter an
earth)uake ha& occurred.
/pontaneou& &earch and re&cue i& u&ua.., pro-ided b, the &ur-i-or& and .oca.
re.ie* tea(& and &ucceed& in re&cuin+ tho&e not re)uirin+ (a=or re&ource& o*
135
e)uip(ent and (anpoer. Internationa. a&&i&tance i& there*ore *ocu&ed on
inten&i-e e**ort& to .ocate and e;tract trapped -icti(& b, u&in+ cuttin+ and
.i*tin+ e)uip(ent a& e.. a& &ophi&ticated0 inten&i-e 3hea-, re&cue5
techni)ue&.
9;perti&e in di&a&ter (edicine i& re)uired to &uper-i&e and aid in -icti(
e;traction and pro-ide i((ediate care.
In earth)uake&0 the potentia. *or da(a+in+ a*ter&hock& i& a continuin+ threat.
:hen e&tab.i&hin+ a ba&e *or the $%'A" operation and *or internationa. re.ie*
tea(&0 &ecurit, and &a*et, con&ideration& are i(portant *actor&.
E#. 6ater and (anitation
E#.#2 Displaced $opulation (ituation
'eter(ine the a(ount o* ater a-ai.ab.e per per&on per da,.
'eter(ine the &ource and )ua.it, o* the ater.
'eter(ine ho .on+ the dai., a(ount ha& been a-ai.ab.e.
'eter(ine the e-idence o* aterAre.ated di&ea&e&.
'eter(ine the .en+th o* ti(e u&er& ait *or ater.
'eter(ine hether there i& &a*e acce&& to ater *or -u.nerab.e +roup&.
'eter(ine the t,pe& o* e..&0 tran&portation0 and F or &tora+e &,&te(& u&ed.
'eter(ine i* there are prob.e(& ith e.. repairFrehabi.itation.
'eter(ine i* there i& e)uip(ent Fe;perti&e on&ite0 on order0 or a-ai.ab.e i*
needed.
'eter(ine the a-ai.abi.it, o* additiona. &ource& o* &a*e ater i* re)uired.
'eter(ine the need *or ater en+ineer& to a&&i&t ith e-a.uatin+
re)uire(ent&.
E#.#2 6ater (Dstem disruption
136
'e&cribe the t,pe& o* &,&te(& and &ource& that e;i&ted prior to the di&a&ter in
thee a**ected area&.
/peci*, ho (an, peop.e ha-e been depri-ed o* a *unctiona. ater &upp.,.
'eter(ined ho i& in char+e o* the .oca. ater &,&te((&) (co((unit, +roup0
co((ittee0 nationa. authorit,).
'eter(ine hether the &,&te( i& &ti.. *unctiona. or hat the re)uire(ent& *or
repair are.
'eter(ine the need *or an en+ineerin+ &pecia.i&t to a&&i&t ith e-a.uatin+
re)uire(ent&.
E#.#3 (anitation 5 Displaced $opulation situation
'eter(ine the p.ace(ent0 nu(ber0 and c.ean.ine&& o* .atrine&.
'eter(ine i* the de&i+n and p.ace(ent o* .atrine& are a**ectin+ their u&e
becau&e o* cu.tura. taboo&.
'eter(ine i* there i& a &anitation p.an i* the popu.ation increa&e&.
'eter(ine i* there i& a &a*e acce&& to .atrine& *or o(en and +ir.&.
'eter(ine the e-idence o* aterAre.ated di&ea&e&.
'eter(ine the pro;i(it, o* .atrine& and re*u&e area& to ater &ource&0 &tora+e
area&0 and di&tribution point&.
'eter(ine the p.ace(ent and p.an *or the di&po&a. o* corp&e&.
'eter(ine i* there i& a p.an o* the co..ection and di&po&a. o* +arba+e.
'eter(ine i* there i& an in&ectA and rodentAcontro. p.an.
'eter(ine the need *or a &pecia.i&t to a&&i&t ith e-a.uatin+ re)uire(ent&.
E#.#. Non displaced $opulation (ituation
I* the di&a&ter occur& in a rura. area0 a&te di&po&a. i& u&ua.., not a prob.e(
un.e&& &ea+e 3pond&5 in a pub.ic area. 'eter(ine i* thi& i& occurrin+.
137
I* ,ou are on an i&.and a**ected b, a hurricane or in an area a**ected b,
*.oodin+0 deter(ine i* the &ea+e draina+e &,&te( i& &ti.. open. (/ee a.&o
3In*ra&tructure.5)
'eter(ine the ade)uac, o* &ea+e di&po&a. *aci.itie& in an, pub.ic bui.din+&
or other area& bein+ u&ed to te(porari., &he.ter ho(e.e&& peop.e.
E#8 Food Aid and Nutrition
E#8#2 Food
&aseline Data
'e&cribe the nor(a. con&u(ption pattern (*ood ba&ket) o* the a**ected
popu.ation0 an, taboo&0 and acceptab.e &ub&titute&.
'e&cribe the nor(a. *ood (arketin+ &,&te( (inc.udin+ +o-ern(ent
in-o.-e(ent0 i(port&0 &ub&i&tence).
Indicate hat *ood aid pro+ra(&0 i* an,0 e;i&t and de&cribe the(.
!ut.ine the indi+enou& *ood proce&&in+ capacit,.
Effects of the ECent on Food
A&certain the di&a&terH& e**ect on actua. *ood &tock& and &tandin+ crop&
(da(a+edFde&tro,ed).
'eter(ine i* acce&& to *ood (*or e;a(p.e0 road&0 (i..in+ *aci.itie&) ha& been
di&puted and0 i& &o0 ho .on+ it i& .ike., to re(ain di&rupted.
"heck (arket indicator& o* *ood &horta+e&0 &uch a&J
- Ab&ence or &horta+e o* &tap.e +rain& and other *ood& on the
(arket.
- 6rice di**erentia..
138
- "han+e in &upp.ie& on the (arket (*or e;a(p.e0 an increa&e in
(eat &upp.ie& (a, indicate that peop.e are &e..in+ ani(a.& to +et
(one,).
- "han+e in ho.e&a.e +rain a-ai.abi.it,.
- $nu&ua. pub.ic a&&e(b., at a arehou&e or dock&ide hen +rain i&
bein+ un.oaded.
- "han+e& in arehou&e &tock&.
- >.ack (arket price chan+e& in increa&e in b.ack (arket acti-itie&.
- "o((ercia. i(port chan+e& or propo&ed chan+e&.
- /a.e o* .and0 too.&0 dra*t ani(a.&0 etc.
"heck nutritiona. indicator& o* *ood &horta+e& b, &e;0 &uch a&1
- /i+n& o* (ara&(u&0 ka&hiorkor0 or other &i+n& o* (a.nutrition.
- Increa&ed i..ne&& a(on+ chi.dren.
- "han+e in diet (that i&0 )uantit,0 )ua.it, t,pe).
"heck &ocia. indicator& o* *ood &horta+e&0 &uch a&1
- increa&ed be++in+ F*i+htin+F pro&titution.
- 7i+ration *ro( rura. to urban area&.
Food ACailabilitD
'eter(ine ho (uch *ood can be e;pected *ro( *uture and For &pecia..,
p.anted0 )uickA(aturin+ crop&. :here in the production c,c.e a& the a**ected
area hen the di&a&ter &truckK
9&ti(ate the .oca. +o-ern(ent &tock& on hand and tho&e &chedu.ed to arri-e.
I& borroin+ o* &tock& on hand a po&&ibi.it,K
9&ti(ate the .oca. co((ercia. &tock& on hand and &chedu.ed to arri-e.
9&ti(ate the .oca. 6E!F%4!FI! &tock& on hand and &chedu.ed to arri-e. I&
borroin+ a po&&ibi.it,K
9&ti(ate .oca. per&ona. &tock& on hand and tho&e &chedu.ed to arri-e.
'eter(ine re+iona. a-ai.abi.itie&.
139
"an-a&& other donor& to *ind out hat the, e;pect to contribute.
9&ti(ate ho (uch *ood aid ou.d be re)uired durin+ &peci*ic ti(e period&.
'i&tribution &,&te(&
'e&cribe e;i&tin+ *ood aid di&tribution &,&te(& (*or e;a(p.e0 +o-ern(ent
rationin+0 6E!F%4!FI!&).
'e&cribe the e**ecti-ene&& o* the di&tribution &,&te(.
'e&cribe the ro.e o* o(en in the di&tribution &,&te(.
'e&cribe +o-ern(ent (arketin+ (echani&(&.
Dud+e the capacit, o* the abo-e to e;pandF be+in e(er+enc, aid. :hat i&
their record o* accountabi.it,K
'e&cribe potentia. a.ternati-e&.
9;p.ain the countr,H& (a+enc,H&) pre-iou& e;perience ith (a&& *eedin+.
'eter(ine he a-ai.abi.it, o* *aci.itie& and (ateria.&0 inc.udin+ *ue..
'eter(ine hether repacka+in+ *aci.itie& e;i&t.
(ocial and ,arket *mpact of Food Aid
Ana.,?e the .ike., price i(pact on nor(a. *ood &upp.ier&. 'e&cribe the
&upp.ier&.
'ecide hether *ood aid ou.d *ree ca&h and .abor *or other a&pect& o* re.ie*0
or di-ert .abor and create a dependent attribute.
Other
8e&earch an, .e+a. i(pedi(ent& to i(portation o* certain *ood&.
E#8#2 A=riculture
&aseline Data
140
'e&cribe crop& +ron in the a**ected area *o..oin+ the point& .i&ted be.o1
- "rop na(e.
- A-era+e area p.anted (per data a-ai.ab.e).
- A-era+e production (per data a-ai.ab.e).
- 6.antin+ &ea&on(&) (date&) and ti(e to (aturit,.
- Are crop& c.i(ateA&peci*icK I* &o0 identi*, the c.i(atic re)uire(ent&.
- Are h,brid &eed& bein+ u&ed in the areaK I* &o0 identi*, the(.
- Are the, ca&h or &ub&i&tence crop&K
'e&cribed do(e&tic ani(a.& pre&ent in each a**ected area *o..oin+ the point
.i&ted be.o1
- Appro;i(ate nu(ber o* ani(a.& in the area.
- Ea.ue o* indi-idua. ani(a.&.
- $&e o* ani(a.& *or *ood.
- $&e o* ani(a.& *or ork.
- $&e o* ani(a.& *or ca&h production.
- Are bred &tock& u&ed in the areaK
'e&cribe the a+ricu.tura. &,&te(0 inc.udin+ the *o..oin+1
- 7ain a+ricu.turi&t in *a(i., unit& ((a.e F*e(a.e).
- <andAu&e &,&te(&.
- A+ricu.tura. .abor &,&te(F .and tenure.
- "rop pre*erence&.
- Input&.
- /eed& (re&er-ed or purcha&e&)1 I& treated &eed u&edK
- 2erti.i?er.
- 7achiner, Ftoo.&
- 6e&ticide&
- /tora+e (*ar(0 +o-ern(ent0 pri-ate)
- A+ribu&ine&& *aci.itie&0 proce&&in+ o* .oca. or i(ported co((oditie&.
'e&cribe the .oca. *i&hin+ indu&tr,.
141
Effect of the ECent on A=riculture
9**ect o* the e-ent on a+ricu.tureF .i-e&tockF *i&herie&.
A&certain the e;tent o* da(a+e to cropF .i-e&tockF*i&herie& b, area0 notin+ a
hat point in the production c,c.e the e-ent occurred. /tate the &ource o* the
in*or(ation.
9&ti(ate the .o&& in production (tonna+e Fhead) b, cropF.i-e&tockF*i&herie&
and b, ?one ithin the a**ected area.
Ana.,?e hether .o&&e& i.. increa&e o-er ti(e and &tate h,.
'e&cribe the da(a+e to a+ricu.tura. (achiner,.
'e&cribe the da(a+e to irri+ation &,&te(&.
'e&cribe the da(a+e to &eed0 *erti.i?er0 and pe&ticide &tock&.
'e&cribe the da(a+e to *i&hin+ +ear.
2or a drou+ht0 co(pare the current rain*a.. to the nor(a. or recent pa&t
precipitation.
Identi*, an, unu&ua. or unti(e., +ra?in+ chan+e&.
'e&cribe an, threat& *ro( in&ect& or di&ea&e that (i+ht *o..o the di&a&ter.
A+ricu.tura. 6roduction "apabi.itie&
A-ai.abi.it, o* input& b, t,pe (*or e;a(p.e0 &eed0 *erti.i?er. 6e&ticide&0 too.&0
(achiner,0 -eterinar, (edicine&0 *i&hin+ boat&0 net&0 breedin+ &tock).
9&ti(ate the .oca. +o-ern(ent &tock& on hand and hen the, are &chedu.ed
to arri-e.
9&ti(ate the .oca. co((ercia. &tock& on hand and hen the, are &chedu.ed
to arri-e.
9&ti(ate the .oca. per&ona. &tock& on hand and hen the, are &chedu.ed to
arri-e.
A&k the -icti(& ho the, p.an to cope ith .o&&e&.
'eter(ine re+iona. a-ai.abi.itie& and e.a&ticit, o* &upp.ie&.
142
A&certain hat other donor& p.an to &upp.,.
!ut.ine hat *urther input& ou.d be re)uired to re&tore (ini(u( producti-it,.
2ind out i* repacka+in+ *aci.itie& *or &eed0 *erti.i?er0 and pe&ticide& e;i&t.
'i&tribution &,&te(&F technica. in*ra&tructure.
!ut.ine ho&t +o-ern(ent (7ini&tr, o* A+ricu.ture) operation& in the a**ected
are. 'oe& it pro-ide1
- 9;ten&ion &er-iceK
- "rop &tora+eF &i.o&K
- Eeterinar, &er-ice&K
- Irri+ation &er-ice&K
- 8e&earch *aci.itie&K
- H,brid &eeK
- 2erti.i?er
- !ther p.ant& (*ruit tree&)K
- 6e&ticide&K
Other
'e&cribe an, a+ricu.tura. pro=ect& and input& pro-ided b, *orei+n
or+ani?ation&F+o-ern(ent&.
'e&cribe the operation& o* rura. or a+ricu.tura. credit or+ani?ation&0
cooperati-e&0 or creditA&harin+ or+ani?ation& that e;i&t in the a**ected area.
Dud+e the capacit, o* the abo-e to incorporate rehabi.itation di&a&ter
a&&i&tance.
E#8#3 Nutrition
'eter(ine the pre-a.ence o* protein ener+, (a.nutrition (697) in popu.ation
.e&& than 5 ,ear& o* a+e.
A&certain the prior nutritiona. &tatu&.
143
'eter(ine the pre-a.ence o* (icro nutrient de*iciencie& in the popu.ation .e&&
than 5 ,ear& o* a+e (*or e;a(p.e0 &cur-,0 ane(ia0 pe..a+ra).
'eter(ine the percenta+e o* chi.dren under 5 ,ear& o* a+e ith1
- 9ither (oderate or &e-ere acute (a.nutrition.
- 'eter(ine the a-era+e dai., ration (*ood ba&ket and ca.orie&
Fper&onFda,) and (ethod and inter-a.& o* di&tribution (*or e;a(p.e0
etFdr, on a dai.,Feek.,F(onth., ba&i&).
E#1 (helter
E#1#2 Affected $opulation $rofile
'eter(ine the nu(ber o* peop.e re)uirin+ &he.ter and hether the need *or
&he.ter i& te(porar, (a *e eek&)0 or i* it i& a di&p.aced popu.ation re)uirin+
&he.ter *or an indeter(inate ti(e.
'eter(ine the a-era+e nu(ber o* peop.e in an indi-idua. de..in+.
Identi*, ob&tac.e& that pre-ent -icti(& *ro( (eetin+ their on need&0 both *or
te(porar, and per(anent &he.ter.
'eter(ine the area a**ected (*or e;a(p.e0 portion o* cit,0 &e-era. -i..a+e&0
.ar+e area o* a countr,).
Appro;i(ate the nu(ber o* pri-ate de..in+& (&in+.eA*a(i., attached0 .oAri&e
and hi+hAri&e (u.tip.e *a(i.,) 0and pub.ic bui.din+& (&choo.&0 churche&0
ho&pita.&) da(a+ed or de&tro,ed b, cit,0 -i..a+e0 or re+ion.
'eter(ine the nu(ber o* da(a+ed de..in+& that are habitab.e ithout
i((ediate repair0 that are habitab.e on., a*ter repair0 and that are not
habitab.e and (u&t be de&tro,ed.
In-entor, e;i&tin+ &tructure& and pub.ic *aci.itie& that can be u&ed a&
te(porar, &he.ter&0 +i-in+ care*u. con&ideration to acce&& to &anitation and
ater.
144
E#1#2 ,aterials
Identi*, the con&truction &t,.e& and (ateria.& nor(a.., u&ed in the a**ected
&tructure&.
'eter(ine the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t& o* indi+enou& (ateria.& to (eet both
cu.tura. and di&a&terAre&i&tance re)uire(ent&.
Identi*, an, &uitab.e (ateria. &ub&titute&0 .oca.., or e;terna.., a-ai.ab.e0 that
ou.d (eet the cu.tura. and di&a&terAre&i&tance re)uire(ent&.
Identi*, the t,pe and )uantit, o* bui.din+ (ateria.& that the -icti(& can pro-ide
*or the(&e.-e& *or te(porar, or per(anent &he.ter.
Identi*, the t,pe and )uantit, o* bui.din+ (ateria.& that the a**ected
+o-ern(ent can pro-ide *or the -icti(& *or te(porar, or per(anent &he.ter.
'eter(ine the t,pe and )uantit, o* (ateria.& needed *ro( e;terna. &ource&
*or te(porar, or per(anent &he.ter.
A&&e& the &uitabi.it, (that i&0 in*ra&tructure &upport) o* a-ai.ab.e &ite& *or both
te(porar, and per(anent &he.ter&0 inc.udin+0 here nece&&ar,0 (a&&
&he.terin+.
'eter(ine i* re.ocation i& nece&&ar, due to the nature o* the di&a&ter. Identi*,
the prob.e(& thi& (a, cau&e ith the .oca. popu.ation.
A&&e&& the potentia. ha?ard and &ecurit, -u.nerabi.itie& o* a-ai.ab.e &ite& *or
both te(porar, and per(anent &he.ter&.
A&&e& the en-iron(enta. condition& that ou.d i(po&e con&traint& on
te(porar, &he.ter& or ca(p&0 &uch a& a..A&ea&on acce&&ibi.it,0 pro;i(it, to
&ource& o* e&&entia. &upp.ie& (&he.ter (ateria.& cookin+ *ue.0 ater0 etc.)0 &oi.
topo+raph,0 draina+e0 and -e+etation.
Identi*, an, prob.e(& re.ated to .and u&e0 &uch a& +ra?in+0 cu.ti-atin+0
&anitation0 and .and tenure i&&ue&.
E#1#3 Distribution
145
'eter(ine the acce&&ibi.it, to the a**ected area& *or both a&&e&&(ent and
de.i-er,.
'eter(ine the a-ai.abi.it, o* a di&tribution (echani&( (.oca.0 re+iona.0
nationa.0 internationa.) to di&tribute &he.ter (ateria.& (te(porar, or
per(anent) to the -icti(&.
Identi*, co((ittee&0 credit union&0 +o-ern(ent a+encie&0 or coAop& that can
(obi.i?e *orce& to he.p i(p.e(ent a &he.ter pro+ra(.
'eter(ine i* an e)uitab.e (ean& o* a..ocation and an appropriate (ediu( o*
e;chan+e *or the bui.din+ (ateria.& can be i(p.e(ented.
E#+ Health
Health
A&certain de(o+raphic in*or(ation1
- tota. nu(ber a**ected.
- A+eA&e; breakdon (under 505A14015 and o-er).
- Identi*ication o* atAri&k popu.ation (that i&0 chi.dren under 5 ,ear& o*
a+e0 pre+nant and .actatin+ o(en0 di&ab.ed and ounded
per&on&0 and unacco(panied (inor&).
- A-era+e *a(i., or hou&eho.d &i?e0 and nu(ber o* *e(a.eAheaded
hou&eho.d&.
- 8ate o* ne arri-a.& and departure&.
'eter(ine back+round hea.th in*or(ation1
- 7ain hea.th prob.e(& in ho(e area.
- 6re-iou& &ource& o* hea.th care (*or e;a(p.e0 traditiona. hea.er&).
- I(portant hea.th be.ie*& and tradition& (*or e;a(p.e0 *ood taboo&
durin+ pre+nanc,).
- /ocia. &tructure (*or e;a(p.e0 hether the di&p.aced are +rouped in
their traditiona. -i..a+e& and hat t,pe o* &ocia. or po.itica.
or+ani?ation e;i&t&).
146
- /tren+th and co-era+e o* pub.ic hea.th pro+ra((e in ho(e area
(i((uni?ation0 reproducti-e hea.th0 etc.).
7orta.it, rate1
- 'eter(ine the crude (orta.it, rate&.
7orbidit, rate1
- 'eter(ine the a+eA (under and o-er a+e 5) and &e; &peci*ic
incidence rate& o* di&ea&e& that ha-e pub.ic hea.th i(portance.
'ocu(ent the (ethod o* dia+no&i& (c.inica. =ud+e(ent0 .aborator,
te&t0 or ru(or&).
I((uni?ation pro+ra(&1
- 'eter(ine the need *or i((uni?ation pro+ra(& or the e**ecti-ene&&
and co-era+e (percent o* chi.dren under a+e 5 and beteen a+e&
5A14) o* tho&e in p.ace0 e&pecia.., (ea&.e& -accination&.
- 'ate& o* -accination&.
- 'eter(ine the capabi.it, o* re.ie* o**icia.& to be+in or &u&tain a
pro+ra( (*or e;a(p.e0 .o+i&tic&0 in*ra&tructure0 and co.d chain
a-ai.abi.it,).
'eter(ine or e&ti(ate the nu(ber o* (a=or in=urie& and the rate *or each t,pe
o* in=ur,. /peci*, trau(atic in=urie& re)uirin+ &ur+er, or ho&pita.i?ation (*or
e;a(p.e0 *racture&0 head in=urie&0 interna. in=urie&).
'eter(ine the nu(ber and .ocation& o* hea.th *aci.itie& that e;i&ted prior to
the di&a&ter.
'eter(ine the nu(ber o* indi+enou& hea.th per&onne. ho are a-ai.ab.e.
'eter(ine the a(ount and t,pe o* (edica. &upp.ie& and dru+& that are
a-ai.ab.e on&ite or inAcountr,.
'eter(ine additiona. a(ount& and t,pe& o* (edica. &upp.ie& and dru+&
needed i((ediate., *ro( &ource& out&ide the &tricken area.
'eter(ine hat additiona. (edica. e)uip(ent i& needed and can be readi.,
obtained to dea. ith (a=or in=urie&. /u++e&ted data &ource&1
- %ationa.Fpro-incia. hea.th o**icer&.
147
- Ho&pita.&
- ".inic&
- #raditiona. hea.er&
- <oca. .eader&.
- 2.,Ao-er.
- :a.kAthrou+h &ur-e,&.
9n-iron(enta. condition&1
- 'eter(ine c.i(atic condition&.
- Identi*, +eo+raphic *eature& and in*.uence&.
- Identi*, ater &ource&.
- A&certain the .oca. di&ea&e epide(io.o+,.
- Identi*, .oca. di&ea&e -ector.
- A&&e&& .oca. a-ai.abi.it, o* (ateria.& *or &he.ter and *ue..
- A&&e&& e;i&tin+ &he.ter& and &anitation arran+e(ent&.
'eter(ine i* a hea.th in*or(ation &,&te( i& in p.ace to (onitor the a**ected
popu.ation and pro-ide &ur-ei..ance and inter(ittent popu.ationAba&ed &a(p.e
&ur-e,& that &hou.d1
- 2o..o trend& in the hea.th &tatu& o* the popu.ation and e&tab.i&h
hea.th care prioritie&.
- 'etect and re&pond to epide(ic&.
- 9-a.uate pro+ra( e**ecti-ene&& and co-era+e.
- 9n&ure that re&ource& +o to the area& o* +reate&t need.
- 9-a.uate the )ua.it, o* care de.i-ered.
'eter(ine i* the a**ected countr, ha& in p.ace or p.an& to be+in pro+ra(& in1
- hea.th in*or(ation &,&te(&.
- 'iarrhea di&ea&e contro..
- 9;panded pro+ra(& on i((uni?ation (96I&).
- "ontro. o* ende(ic di&ea&e&.
- 8eproducti-e hea.th pro+ra(&.
- %utrition pro+ra(&.
- "ontinuin+ education pro+ra(& *or hea.th orker&.
148
- Eector contro..
E#3 *nfrastructure
'eter(ine the preAdi&a&ter condition o* the in*ra&tructure.
A&certain *ro( the a**ected +o-ern(ent the (ini(u( need& *or in*ra&tructure
reco-er,.
E#3#2 Communications
'e&cribe here the &,&te(H& *aci.itie& are .ocated.
'eter(ine the broadca&tFreception area or ?one o* in*.uence (*or e;a(p.e0
ton& &er-iced b, the &,&te().
Identi*, the or+ani?ation F*ir( that i& re&pon&ib.e *or operation and
(aintenance o* the &,&te(. I& there a di&a&ter re&pon&e p.an ith
identi*ication o* priorit, *aci.itie&0 (ateria. &upp.,0 and priorit, &creenin+ o*
(e&&a+e&K
!btain technica. in*or(ation0 &uch a&1
- >roadca&t poer.
- !peratin+ *re)uencie&0 ca.. &i+n&.
- 8e.a,Ftran&(i&&ion point&.
- Hour& o* operation.
- /tandb, poer &ource&.
- 7obi.e capabi.it,.
- 8epairF(aintenance *aci.itie&0 inc.udin+ capabi.itie& o*
(anu*acturerH& .oca. a+ent.
- <an+ua+e o* tran&(i&&ion.
Identi*, ke, per&onne. (oner&0 (ana+e(ent0 operation&0 (aintenance).
'eter(ine the de+ree o* inte+ration o* (i.itar, and ci-i.ian co((unication&
netork&.
%ote the &ource(&) o* the abo-e in*or(ation.
149
'eter(ine hat co((unication& *aci.itie& e;i&t that are operab.e or ea&i.,
repaired and cou.d be u&ed to pa&& on a&&e&&(ent in*or(ation and a&&i&t in
coordination o* .i*eA&a-in+ re&pon&e&.
Identi*, the t,pe o* &,&te( a&&e&&ed1
- 8adio
- 6ri-ate oner&hip
- "o((ercia.
- >roadca&t
- 2Aa,
- A(ateur
- "iti?en& band.
- 6ub.ic &,&te(&
- 6o.ice
- Ar(ed *orce&
- 4o-ern(ent a+encie& (hich (ini&trie& ha-e co((unication&
*aci.itie&K)
- #e.ephone
- "ab.e and ire.e&&
- #e.e-i&ion
- %e&paper
- !ther
'e&cribe &peci*ic rea&on& h, a &,&te( i& not operatin+.
- $na-ai.abi.it, o*1
- 6er&onne.
- 6oer
- 2ue.
- Acce&& to *aci.itie&
- 'a(a+e to &,&te(1
- >roadca&tFtran&(i&&ion e)uip(ent
- Antennae
- >ui.din+&
150
- #ran&(i&&ion .ine&
- 8e.a, *aci.itie&
- 6oer &ource
- !ther
%ote &ource(&) o* the abo-e in*or(ation.
!ut.ine option& *or re&torin+ (ini(u( e&&entia. &er-ice&.
Identi*, .oca.Fre+iona. &upp.ier& o* co((unication& e)uip(ent and (ateria.&
a-ai.ab.e *or repair. "heck co&t and a-ai.abi.it,.
'eter(ine the .oca.Fre+iona. a-ai.abi.it, o* technica. &er-ice& a-ai.ab.e *or
repair.
E#3#2 Electric $o:er
'e&cribe the poer &,&te(0 inc.udin+1
- >a&e.oad *aci.it,
- 6eakin+ *aci.it,.
- %u(ber o* unit&
- 2ue. &ource
- 6.ant contro.&
- !utput capabi.it, (&peci*, -o.ta+e and c,c.e).
- 7obi.e p.ant&
- !ther &tandb, capabi.it,
- /itchin+ *aci.itie&
- #ran&(i&&ion *aci.itie&
- 'i&tribution *aci.itie& (nu(ber o* &ub&tation&).
- Interconnection&.
In-entor, au;i.iar, e)uip(ent that (a, be a-ai.ab.e .oca.., (*or e;a(p.e0 *ro(
con&truction co(panie&).
'eter(ine h, poer i& not a-ai.ab.e (that i&0 at hat point the &,&te( ha&
been da(a+ed).
151
A&certain the condition o* +eneratin+ unit&.
"heck the inte+rit, o* the *ue. &,&te(.
'eter(ine hether toer&0 .ine andFor +roundin+ .ine& are don.
A&&e&& the condition o* &ub&tation&.
!ut.ine the i(pact o* poer .o&& on ke, *aci.itie&0 &uch a& ho&pita.& and ater
pu(pin+ &tation&.
'e&cribe the option& *or re&torin+ (ini(u( e&&entia. &er-ice&.
A&certain hether .oad &heddin+ and For &itchin+ to anAother +ird can
re&tore (ini(a. &er-ice&.
Identi*, .oca. Fre+iona. &upp.ier& o* e)uip(ent an (ateria.&. "heck the co&t
and a-ai.abi.it,.
'eter(ine the .oca.Fre+iona. a-ai.abi.it, o* technica. &er-ice& a-ai.ab.e *or
repair.
E#3#3 6aterE(e:a=e
'e&cribe the pree;i&tin+ &,&te(&1 that i&0 *or ater0 the &ource0 treat(ent
*aci.itie&0 (ain&0 pu(p &tation&0 and di&tribution netorkJ *or &ea+e0 the
treat(ent *aci.itie& and pu(p &tation&.
9&ti(ate the u(ber o* peop.e ho depend on the ater &ource& b, t,pe (*or
e;a(p.e0 ri-er0 cit, ater &,&te().
'eter(ine h, ater (e&pecia.., potab.e ater) i& not a-ai.ab.e (that i&0 at
hat point the &,&te( ha& been da(a+ed).
"heck the inte+rit, o* the ater &ource.
A&&e&& the condition o* ater and &ea+e treat(ent *aci.itie& and o* the
di&tribution netork. Are pu(p &tation& operationa.K
'eter(ine hether ater (ain& are broken. Are .eak& in the &ea+e &,&te(
conta(inatin+ the ater &upp.,K
!ut.ine the i(pact o* ater .o&& on ke, *aci.itie& and on indi-idua. u&er&. Ho
)uick., can the re&pon&ib.e (ini&trie& be e;pected to re&tore &er-ice&K
152
'e&cribe option& *or re&torin+ (ini(u( e&&entia. &er-ice&.
9-a.uate the po&&ib.e a.ternati-e ater &ource&.
Identi*, .oca.Fre+iona. &upp.ier& o* e)uip(ent and (ateria.&. "heck co&t and
a-ai.abi.it,.
'eter(ine the .oca.Fre+iona. a-ai.abi.it, o* technica. &er-ice& a-ai.ab.e *or
repair.
E#3#. HDdro Facilities (HDdroelectricA *rri=ation!
'e&cribe the *unction o* the *aci.itie&0 their pro;i(it, to the &tricken area0 and
their re.ation&hip o* the di&a&ter it&e.*.
Identi*, the ho&t countr, or+ani?ation that contro.& and operate& the *aci.itie&.
Identi*, the &upp.ier&0 contractor&0 andFor donor& that bui.t the *aci.itie& (that
i&0 hat ere the e)uip(ent and technica. &ource&K).
'e&cribe an, da(a+e to &,&te(&.
"heck the &oundne&& o* the &tructure& and out.et ork&. Are the re&er-oir&
aterti+htK
Identi*, an, i((ediate or nearAter( &a*et, ri&k& (+eneratin+ and contro.
(achiner,0 &tructura. de*ect&0 poer to operate +ate&0 etc.)
A&&e&& the condition o* cana.& or don&trea( channe.&.
Identi*, an, chan+e& in ater&hed condition& (*or e;a(p.e0 &aturation0 +round
co-er0 &trea(bed .oadin+0 ne i(pound(ent&).
'eter(ine hether ater in bein+ conta(inated.
9-a.uate the (ana+e(ent o* the *aci.itie&.
'eter(ine hether &tora+e and out*.o )uantitie& are bein+ (ana+ed in
accordance ith pre&cribed cur-e&.
Identi*, preparation& *or *o..oAon &tor( condition& (*or e;a(p.e0 e(er+enc,
dra don o* re&er-oir&).
'e&cribe the probab.e i(pact o* di&char+in+ on donA&trea( da(a+e and For
re.ie* e**ort& (*or e;a(p.e0 depth at ri-er cro&&in+&0 re.ea&e& into da(a+ed
153
cana.&). I& there a need to i(pound ater unti. don&trea( ork& can be
repairedK
!ut.ine the option& *or re&torin+ (ini(u( e&&entia. &er-ice&.
!ut.ine the repair p.an& o* the re&pon&ib.e ho&t countr, o**icia.&.
"heck on an, propo&ed a&&i&tance *ro( the ori+ina. donor& o* the *aci.itie&.
Identi*, .oca.Fre+iona. &ource& o* e)uip(ent and technica. e;perti&e.
E#3#8 %oads and &rid=es
'e&cribe the road netork& in the a**ected area b, t,pe. :hat i& the .oad
capacit, o* the brid+e&K
Identi*, the re&pon&ib.e (ini&trie& and di&trict o**ice& and con&traint& on their
operation&.
'e&cribe an, da(a+e to the netork.
'eter(ine hich &e+(ent& are unda(a+ed0 hich can be tra-e.ed on ith
de.a,&0 and hich are i(pa&&ab.e.
'e&cribe an, da(a+e b, t,pe1
- >.ocka+e b, .and&.ide&0 *a..en tree&0 etc.
- 9(bank(ent&
- 'raina+e &tructure&
- >rid+e& Ftunne.&
- 8oad &ur*ace&
Identi*, a.ternate cro&&in+& and For route&.
9-a.uate the i(portance o* the road netork to the re.ie* e**ort and
rehabi.itation.
!ut.ine the option& *or re&torin+ (ini(u( e&&entia. &er-ice.
'eter(ine hich e.e(ent& (u&t be re&tored *ir&t.
'e&cribe the need *or tra**ic contro. (po.ice0 (i.itar,0 other) on da(a+ed or
oneAa, &e+(ent&.
154
'eter(ine ho .on+ the e(er+enc, repair& can acco((odate re.ie* tra**ic
(&i?e0 ei+ht0 -o.u(eK). :i.. e(er+enc, (aintenance and *ue. point& be
needed in re(ote area&K
Identi*, the ho&t countr, a+encie&0 (i.itar, andFor ci-i.ian *orce& that are
a-ai.ab.e to (ake repair&. 'o the, ha-e e)uip(ent0 &pare part&0 and
(aintenance &upportK
"heck hether .oca. or e;patriate con&truction co(panie& can .oan
e)uip(ent andFor e;perti&e.
"heck re+iona. &ource& o* e)uip(ent andFor e;perti&e that are a-ai.ab.e *or
repair.
A&certain that arran+e(ent& can be (ade *or &tandb, *orce& at da(a+ed
&ection& to keep road& open.
E#/ Assessment Checklists
#he *o..oin+ a&&e&&(ent check.i&t& are intended to a&&i&t the
a&&e&&(ent #ea( in p.annin+0 *or(attin+0 and conductin+ a co(p.ete initia.
a&&e&&(ent. #he an&er& to the check.i&t )ue&tion& i.. pro-ide the in*or(ation
needed to co(p.ete the di&a&ter cab.e *or(at& out.ined in the pre-iou& &ection on
cab.e *or(at&. #he&e a&&e&&(ent check.i&t& are di-ided into (a=or &ectoria.
area&. #he, are (eant to be a& inc.u&i-e a& po&&ib.e to the t,pe& o* )ue&tion&
that need to be an&ered in initia. a&&e&&(ent& o* -ariou& di&a&ter&. #o be
an&ered co(p.ete.,0 &o(e o* the )ue&tion& ou.d re)uire e;ten&i-e
a&&e&&(ent ork to +ather pri(ar, or &econdar, data0 ork0 hich the tea( (a,
or (a, not ha-e the capacit, to per*or(. Hoe-er0 the in*or(ation (a, a.read,
e;i&t i.e. &econdar, data and the ta&k o* the tea( (a, be on., to +ather
a&&e&&(ent in*or(ation a&&e(b.ed b, other& and e-a.uate the in*or(ation *or
accurac,0 ti(e.ine&& and co(p.etene&&. An a&&e&&(ent #ea( (a, a.&o *ind it
nece&&ar, to de-e.op ne or e;panded )ue&tion& to +ather the re)uired
in*or(ation *or &peci*ic di&a&ter&.
155
E#/#2 <ictimsE Displaced $opulation $rofile
4eneral Characteristics
'eter(ine the appro;i(ate nu(ber o* di&p.aced peop.e.
'eter(ine their .ocation&. Are the, (o-in+K #o hereK Ho (an,K
'eter(ine ho (an, are arri-in+ per eek. Ho (an, (ore cou.d co(eK
'eter(ine ho the, are arri-in+. Are the, &cattered indi-idua.& or *a(i.ie&0 or
c.an&0 triba.0 ethnic0 or -i..a+e +roup&K >, hat (ean& are the, tra-e.in+K
Ho did tho&e a.read, there arri-eK :hat i& the a-era+e *a(i., &i?eK
'eter(ine the appro;i(ate nu(ber& and a+e& o* (en0 o(en0 and chi.dren
(a+e& 0A50 6A140 15 and o-er).
Identi*, ethnicF+eo+raphic ori+in (urban or rura.).
- /edentar, or no(adic back+roundK
- :hat i& the a-era+e *a(i.,Fhou&eho.d &i?eK
- Ho (an, hou&eho.d& are headed b, *e(a.e&K
- :hat are their cu&to(ar, &ki..&K
- :hat i& the .an+ua+e (&) u&edK
- :hat i& the cu&to(ar, ba&ic dietK
- :hat i& the cu&to(ar, &he.terF
- :hat are the cu&to(ar, &anitation practice&K
- :hat i& the +enera. di&tribution o* &ocioecono(ic &tatu&e& AA (poor0
(idd.e c.a&&0 ea.th,) I ithin the popu.ationK
E#/#2 4eneral Assessment Checklist
Nature of Disaster
1. 7ain e-ent
'ate
<oca. ti(e o* on&et
156
47# ti(e o* on&et
'uration
/tren+th
2. /ub&e)uent e-ent&
A*ter&hock&
:eather conditon&
!ther
3. "urrent condition&
4. 9;pected de-e.op(ent
:eather *oreca&t
:ater .e-e. ri&in+F*a..in+
2.oodin+ e;pected to &preadFrecede
!ther
Affected Areas
A. %a(e o* a**ected pro-ince& Fdi&trict&
(indicate na(e& *ound on internationa. (ap&0 re*erence point&)
>. 7a=or citie&F urban centre&F-i..a+e a**ected
". Appro;i(ate &i?e o* a**ected area in &). C(.
'. 9&ti(ated tota. popu.ation in a**ected area
(i.e. the e&ti(ated no. o* peop.e .i-in+ in the di&a&terAa**ected area0
inc.udin+ tho&e ho do not be.on+ to the pri(ar, a**ected popu.ation I
&peci*, &ource)
157
9. #opo+raph,
7ountainou&
2.at
<oA.,in+ coa&ta.
!ther
2. #,pe o* area a**ected and &ocioAecono(ic characteri&tic& (&ource& o*
.i-e.ihood) o* popu.ation
$rban
8ura.
<oAinco(e
A+ricu.tura.
Indu&tria.
%o(adic
!ther
4. :or&tAa**ected area& (identi*, b, +eo+raphica. na(e&)
H. 6o&&ibi.it, o* acce&& to a**ected area(&)
I. An, a**ected area& on hich no data pre&ent., a-ai.ab.e
D. /pecia. con&ideration& that (a, a**ect the di&a&ter &ituation or re.ie*
operation&.
6o.itica. con&ideration&
"i-i. &tri*e or con*.ict
6rob.e(& o* ethnic0 re.i+iou& or cu.tura. (inoritie&
6opu.ation (o-e(ent& (toF*ro( a**ected area(&))
158
/pecia. &ecurit, prob.e(&
!ther
National Authorities
A. %ationa. authorit, in char+e o* coordinatin+ do(e&tic re&pon&e to
e(er+enc, . <i&t1
%a(e o* authorit,
%a(e o* o**icia. in char+e
Hi&Fher tit.e
!**ice te.ephone0 *ac&i(i.e0 te.e; no&.
!**ice hour&
9(er+enc, 24 hour te.ephone no.
/treet addre&&
>. %ationa. authorit, (i* &eparate *ro( abo-e ) in char+e o* coordinatin+F*oca.
point *or internationa. re&pon&e. <i&t1
%a(e o* authorit,
%a(e o* o**icia. in char+e
Hi&Fher tit.e
!**ice te.ephone0 *ac&i(i.e0 te.e; no&.
!**ice hour&
9(er+enc, 24Ahour& te.ephone no.
/treet addre&&
Dama=e
A# &uildin=
1. 6redo(inant bui.din+ t,pe and con&truction (ateria.
159
#,pe o* &tructure
:att.eAand daub bui.din+&
7a&onr, bui.din+& (adobe0 brick0 concrete b.ock&0 &tone (a&onr,)
8ein*orced concrete &tructure& (r.c. *ra(e& ith brick in*i..0 r.c.
*ra(e& ith .oad bearin+ (a&onr, a..&0 r.c. bearin+ a..&0
pre*abricated &tructure&)
/tee. &tructure& ((u.tiA&tor, &tee. &tructure&0 &tee. *ra(e& *i..ed in
ith rein*orced concrete)
#i(ber &tructure&
!ther
#,pe o* roo* (rein*orced concrete0 &tee. ood0 +ra&&0 etc.)
8oo* co-erin+ (ti.e&0 .i+htei+ht a&be&to& ce(ent0 (eta. &heet&. etc.)
Indicate percenta+e (and0 i* po&&ib.e0 nu(ber) o* bui.din+& da(a+ed or
de&tro,ed0 b, a**ected area0 accordin+ to the *o..oin+ cate+orie&
%o &i+ni*icant da(a+e
7inor da(a+e (repair& re)uired0 but &tructure i& habitab.e)
7a=or da(a+e (&tructure i& not habitab.e0 (a=or repair& re)uired)
2. 'e&truction (&tructure i& not habitab.e and irreparab.e)
'e&cribe e;tent o* da(a+e to the *o..oin+ t,pe& o* bui.din+
6ub.ic bui.din+& (re.i+iou& *aci.itie&0 &choo.&0 co((unit, centre&0
etc.)
7u.tiA*a(i., tene(ent hou&in+ Ian, bui.din+& ith (ore than to
&torie& de&tro,ed
<oAinco(e traditiona. hou&in+ (adobe0 att.eAandAdaub0 &tone0
etc.)
8e&identia. hou&e&
Indu&tria. bui.din+&
160
!ther
&# )ifelines and critical facilities ()CF!
($rimarilD roads and means of communications to affected
area!
$&e the *o..oin+ cate+orie& to a&&e&& the &tatu& o* .i&ted be.o1
Intact
<e-e. o* operation& ade)uate *or re.ie* acti-itie&.
$&e .i(ited or operation& tota.., di&rupted.
I* operation& tota.., di&rupted or u&e .i(ited1
'e&cribe da(a+e and ne+ati-e con&e)uence& per area0 a& app.icab.e0
e.+. ke, area& or in&ta..ation& that cannot be reached b, road
/peci*, current .e-e. o* operation&0 e.+. indicate capacit, a da(a+ed
brid+e Fairport can &ti.. hand.eJ *unction& that can &ti.. be per*or(ed b,
a ho&pita..
1. 8oad netork and re.ated *aci.itie& (urban road0 (ain interAcit,
road&0 acce&& road0 brid+e&0 tunne.&0 etc. )A de&cribe ho a**ected
area& can be reached1
#,pe o* road
8oad capacit,
2. /econdar, tran&portation *aci.itie& (airport&0 harbour&Fport&0
rai.a,&) I &ee <o+i&tic& "hapter *or check.i&t on airport capacitie&.
3. #e.eco((unication& netork (te.ephone0 te.e;0 radio1 pub.icApo.ice0
ar(ed *orce&0 +o-ern(ent I and pri-ate Ico((ercia.
(broadca&tin+)0 a(ateur)
161
4. 7edica. *aci.itie& (ho&pita.&0 c.inic&0 hea.th po&t&0 .aboratorie&)A
re.ate da(a+e to nu(ber o* *aci.itie& nor(a.., operationa. in
a**ected area.
5. 9.ectric poer +eneration and di&tribution (tran&(i&&ion .ine&0
p,.on&0 +enerator&0 poer &tation&0 etc.)
6. %uc.ear poer p.ant&
7. 4a&Foi.F*ue. di&tribution and a-ai.abi.it,
8. :ater &upp., &,&te(&
/peci*, &,&te(& nor(a.., a-ai.ab.e1
ater pipe& to hou&e
ater pipe& to -i..a+eF&treet
co((una. e..&
indi-idua. e..&
toer&F &tora+e tank&0 pu(pin+ &tation& etc.
ater treat(ent *aci.itie&
other
de&cribe t,pe o* da(a+eFprob.e(&1
&a.ination
broken ater pipe&
conta(ination ith &ea+e
da(a+ed pu(pin+ &tation&
other
9. /anitar &eer &,&te(& (treat(ent *aci.itie&0 pu(p&0 &ea+e pipe&)
10. 6o.ice &tation&F*ire *i+htin+ *aci.itie&
162
11. 4o-ern(ent bui.din+&
9(er+enc, operation centre&
4o-ern(ent ad(ini&trati-e bui.din+&
C# A=riculture and fisheries
1. I* there ha& been da(a+e to crop&0 &peci*,1
#,pe& o* crop& cu.ti-ated and &ta+e in the crop c,c.e
recent., &on crop&
&tandin+ crop&
due *or har-e&t in ;; ((onth)
crop& read, to be har-e&ted
hether crop& &er-e (ain., a& &ub&i&tence crop or *or e;port *ro(
di&a&ter area (ca&h crop)
2. 'e&cribe the e;tent o* da(a+e to crop& b, t,pe and a**ected are0
indicatin+ percenta+e o* crop (in re.ation to crop production area)1
'e&tro,ed (un&a.-a+eab.e)
'a(a+ed (&a.-a+eab.e)
$nda(a+ed
3. :hat i& the e&ti(ated .o&& o* &tored *ood (produced and i(ported)K
(indicate percenta+e or ab&o.ute nu(ber& in tonne&)0 e;p.ain
#,pe o* *ood .o&t
:h, it i& .o&t
:hether part i& &a.-a+eab.e
4. A&&e&& e;tent o* da(a+e to a+ricu.tura. in*ra&tructure0 on., i*
re.e-ant *or the re.ie* pha&e0 e.+. de&truction o* e)uip(ent or .o&& o*
163
a+ricu.tura. too.& re)uired to har-e&t (ature crop&0 da(a+e to
&tora+e re)uired in the &hort ter(
5. Indicate .i-e&tock .o&&e&0 on., i* .i-e&tock i& a (ain &ource o*
&ub&i&tence *or the pri(ar,.
<i-e&tock t,pe
6ercenta+e (and0 i* po&&ib.e0 nu(ber) o* dead or (i&&in+
6. A&&e&& e;tent o* da(a+e to *i&herie&0 on., i* *i&herie& are (ain
&ource o* &ub&i&tence *or the pri(ar, a**ected popu.ation1
6ercenta+e o* *i&hin+ boat& (here po&&ib.e0 +i-e nu(ber)
da(a+edFde&tro,ed
#,pe and percenta+e o* *i&hin+ e)uip(ent da(a+edFde&tro,ed
9&ti(ated .o&& o* *i&hin+ catch (in percent)
(econdarD "hreats
A. Identi*, potentia.., ha?ardou& &ite& (da(&0 in&ta..ation& ith
to;icFha?ardou&Fnuc.ear &ub&tance&)0 indicatin+ tho&e hich ha-e been
da(a+ed and po&e a potentia. threat. Indicate a.&o i* there i& an, kno
pre&ence o* .and(ine& in the area.
>. Indicate e;i&tence o* &econdar, threat&1
<and&.ide&
2.ood&
2ire
8e.ea&e o* to;icFha?ardou& &ub&tance&1
9;p.o&i-e&
4a&e&
In*.a((ab.e .i)uid&
In*.a((ab.e &o.id&
164
!;idi?in+ &ub&tance&
6oi&onou& (to;ic) and in*ectiou& (containin+ -iab.e (icroA
or+ani&(&) &ub&tance&.
8adioacti-e (ateria.0 corro&i-e &ub&tance&
7i&ce..aneou& dan+erou& &ub&tance&
!ther&
". /peci*, popu.ation and ke, point& at ri&k0 indicatin+ .ocation(&)
'. /peci*, area& here .and(ine& are knon to be pre&ent or &u&pected.
Effects on $opulation
A. 6ri(ar, a**ected popu.ation
1. 9&ti(ated no. o* pri(ar, a**ected per&on& (breakdon b,
popu.ation cate+orie& and identi*, +roup& at ri&k)
2. 8eported no. ca&ua.tie& (indicate &ource and area(&) co-ered)1
'ead
7i&&in+
In=ured (inc.udin+ &ick)
3. 8eAe&ti(ated no. o* ho(e.e&& (inc.udin+ e-acuated)0 indicate0 i*
po&&ib.e.
9&ti(ated no. o* per&on&F *a(i.ie& ho&e ho(e& are per(anent.,
not habitab.e
9&ti(ated no. o* per&on&F *a(i.ie& ho&e ho(e& are te(porari.,
not habitab.e
4. A-era+e &i?e o* *a(i.,
165
5. Ha-e an, -u.nerab.e &e+(ent& o* the popu.ation been &peci*ica..,
a**ected0 e.+.
6opu.ation a.read, di&p.aced be*ore the di&a&ter
8e*u+ee&
"hi.dren0 pre+nant and .actatin+ (other&
!ther
6. I* ,e&0 de&cribe in hich a,
>. Hea.th
1. "an the &ur-i-in+ *aci.itie& in the di&a&ter area cope ith the
ca&e.oad o* in=ured patient&0 or i& there an o-er.oad o* patient&K
2. Ha& there been an, da(a+e to &peci*ic (edica. e)uip(ent or
in&ta..ation o* ke, i(portance *or treatin+ di&a&ter -icti(& (e.+. NA
ra, *aci.itie& *o..oin+ an earth)uake)K
3. I& an, action bein+ taken to e-acuate in=ured patient& to e(er+enc,
(edia. centre& out&ide the di&a&ter areaK I* ,e&0 pro-ide detai.&.
4. Ha-e arran+e(ent& been (ade0 or are the, re)uired0 to brin+
&peci*ic t,pe& o* e)uip(entF &er-ice&F (edica(ent& to the di&a&ter
area *ro( other (edica. centre&K
5. Are an, prob.e(& bein+ encountered due to an inade)uate poer
or ater &upp., to (edica. *aci.itie&K
166
6. :a& a &,&te( o* epide(io.o+ica. &ur-ei..ance in p.ace prior to the
di&a&ter and0 i* &o0 i& it &ti.. operationa. a*ter the di&a&terK
". /he.ter and per&ona.Fhou&eho.d uten&i.&
1. 9&ti(ate no. o* ho(e.e&& or e-acuated acco((odated in pub.ic
&he.ter& or e-acuation centre&
2. /peci*, .ocation& and condition& o* &he.ter&Fe-acuation centre&
#,pe o* &he.ter (tent&0 tarpau.in&0 (ake&hi*t &he.ter& pub.ic bui.din+&)
"oncentration o* popu.ation in &he.ter&
/er-ice& pro-ided (di&tribution o* *ood0 ater &upp.,0 &anitation0
etc.)
/er-ice& ur+ent., re)uired but not current., pro-ided
/a*et, o* .ocation
!ther
3. 'e&cribe action& peop.e are takin+ to pro-ide &he.ter *or
the(&e.-e&
4. I& &ur-i-a. threatened b, a .ack o* ade)uate &he.ter (e;po&ure to
rou+h c.i(atic condition&)K
5. I& &ur-i-a. threatened b, a .ack o* b.anket&0 c.othin+0 etc.
167
Do Not
- #r, to identi*, &peci*ic t,pe& and nu(ber& o*
in=urie&
- "o(pi.e a .i&t o* ur+ent., needed
(edica(ent&
- 2ocu& on chronic (edica. prob.e(& that
e;i&ted prior to the di&a&ter
I* ,e&0 e&ti(ate no. o* per&on& concerned i* app.icab.e0 indicate
appropriate t,pe o* c.othin+ and a+eF&e; +roup&
6. :hich e&&entia. hou&eho.d (cookin+0 c.eanin+0 &tora+e0 etc.)
uten&i.& are in critica. &horta+eK I& there enou+h &tora+e capacit,
*or *ood aidK
'. :ater and &anitation
1. Are at .ea&t (ini(u( )uantitie& o* drinkin+ ater a-ai.ab.e to a..
co((unitie&K A.&o re*er to /6H989 &tandard& tab.e& in anne;
2. I* not0 e&ti(ate ho (an, peop.e ha-e been depri-ed o* drinkin+
ater &upp.,
3. 'e&cribe an, e-idence &anitation prob.e(&
/ta+nant ater
6oor h,+ienic condition&
/ea+e di&po&a. prob.e(&
!-ercrodin+ in &he.ter&
8eport& o* po..ution Fconta(ination
Area& ith e&capin+Fo-er*.oin+ &ea+e
:ater pipe& runnin+ in the &a(e conduit& a& &eer .ine&
!ther
9. 2ood
1. 'e&cribe the nor(a. *ood con&u(ption pattern o* the a**ected
popu.ation0 &peci*, unacceptab.e *ood ((ai?e0 rice0 bee*0 pork)
168
2. Indicate hether *ood i& a-ai.ab.e
:ith peop.e (&tock&0 purcha&in+ poer and *ood on the (arket)
:ith +o-ern(ent or a+encie& *or *ree di&tribution
!n the (arket *or bu.k purcha&e&
3. I* i((ediate *ood &horta+e& ha-e been ob&er-edFare .ike., to occur
durin+ the re.ie* pha&e0 indicate1
%ature o* &horta+e& (hich ba&ic ite(& a**ected +roup& are unab.e
to obtainFpro-ide *or the(&e.-e&)
/eriou&ne&&
#i(e *ra(e
9&ti(ated no. o* a**ected peop.e
8ea&on& *or *ood &horta+e&J
<o&& o* &tock& &eed& or crop& read, to be har-e&ted
<o&& o* &tora+e or proce&&in+ capacit,
<ack o* purcha&in+ poer
>reakdon o* tran&port *aci.itie&0 road&0 tractor&
!ther
4. Are hou&eho.d& ab.e to prepare *ood *or *a(i., (ea.& and *or &(a..
chi.drenK I* not0 &peci*, rea&on&
:hat are the &harin+ habit& in hou&eho.d&K 'o o(enF+ir.& eat
.a&tK
:ho contro.& +ood ithin the *a(i.,K
%o cookin+ uten&i.&
%o ener+, &upp.,
!ther
5. 'e&cribe .oca. copin+ (echani&(& to dea. ith prob.e(&
encountered in the *ood &ector
169
On@site leCel international response
A. Internationa. re&ource& arri-ed onA&iteF(obi.i?ed
1. ha& &peci*ic e;perti&eF technica. a&&i&tance been (ade a-ai.ab.e b,
$% a+encie&
Internationa. nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&
InterA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&0 &uch a& 9"
>i.atera. donor&
!ther internationa. actor&K
2. I* ,e&0 &peci*, and indicate hether thi& e;perti&e i& u&ed *or an,
detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent o* re.ie* need& in certain
area&F&ector&.
3. Indicate co((unicationFtran&portF.o+i&tic& &upport pro-ided b,
internationa. actor&.
4. de&cribe (ain ite(& o* re.ie* +ood& di&tributed in the di&a&ter area.
5. <i&t an, contribution&F p.ed+e& o* re.ie* +ood& or ca&h a&
announced to the $%'A" tea( in the *ie.d b, %4!&0 bi.atera.
donor&0 etc.
/ource o* in*or(ation
#,pe and -a.ue o* a&&i&tance
#i(e *ra(e *or i(p.e(entation
%o. o* bene*iciarie& Ftar+et +roup& (&)
170
6. ha-e an, internationa. tea(& arri-ed in di&a&ter areaK I i* ,e&0
indicateJ
na(e o* tea(
appro;i(ate nu(ber o* (e(ber&
di&patchin+ countr,For+ani?ation
brie* de&cription o* *unction&1
(edica. a&&i&tance
.o+i&tic& &upport
a&&e&&(ent
other
>. "oordination
'e&cribe (echani&(& *or coordination o* internationa. a&&i&tance at .oca.
.e-e.J
8e.e-ant (eetin+&
'eci&ion& on di&tribution o* ta&k&
"oordination o* operationa. tea(&F e&tab.i&h(ent o* an !/!""
"o((unication *.o1 centra.A.oca. .e-e.
". "on&traint&
Ha-e an, prob.e(& been encountered ith internationa. a&&i&tance
pro-ided &o *ar0 e.+.
"oordination
6ro-i&ion o* re.ie* +ood that are not re)uired
6ro-i&ion o* nonA&orted un.abe..ed re.ie* +ood&
"on+e&tion at certain .o+i&tica. point&
171
1. .o+i&tica. prob.e(& created b, internationa. e.e(ent& (tran&port0
contro.0 etc.)
inade)uate &tora+e
inade)uate di&tribution
other
Assistance reGuirement
4. priorit, re.ie* need&
1. de&cribe i((ediate correcti-e action re)uired to (iti+ate e**ect& on
popu.ation a& indicated in &ection 3.2 (in addition to re.ie* (ea&ure&
a.read, under a,)
2. .i&t the priorit, need that ha-e been identi*ied a& a re&u.t o* the
initia. a&&e&&(ent o* the a**ected area under &ubAheadin+& a&
*o..o&1
&earch and re&cue
(edica. tea(& and &upp.ie&
&he.ter0 b.anket& and c.othin+0 hou&eho.d uten&i.&
ater and &anitation
*ood ite(&
.o+i&tic& (in countr, tran&port0 &tora+e and hand.in+ o* re.ie*
&upp.ie&)
co((unication&
repair& to in*ra&tructure
e;perti&e *or detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent andFor re&toration o*
critica. *aci.itie&0 coordination
other
172
3. in each de&cribe a& *ar a& po&&ib.e1
hether contribution& in kind or in ca&h are reco((ended
hether ite(& o* acceptab.e )ua.it, can be obtained .oca..,0 and
e&ti(ated purcha&e and de.i-er, co&t&.
#he preci&e t,pe0 &peci*ication& and )uantitie& o* &upp.ie&0
e)uip(ent and &er-ice& needed
%u(ber& and e;perti&e o* an, per&onne. re)uired
4. hen app.icab.e0 &peci*, hether re.e-ant data ha& been checked
ith per&onne. o* &pecia.i?ed $% a+enc, concerned (:H!0
$%I"920 :260 2A"!)
5. here po&&ib.e0 indicate re.ati-e prioritie& o* the -ariou& ite(&
6. i* ite(& are )uanti*ied0 &peci*, hether thi& i&1
the tota. re)uire(ent
the re)uire(ent a*ter deduction o* p.ed+e&Fcontribution&. In thi&
ca&e0 indicate hich p.ed+e&Fcontribution& ha-e been taken into
account.
7. are there an, a&&i&tance ite(& hich donor& (a, intend to pro-ide0
but hich are no neededK I* ,e&0 e;p.ain h,.
8. 'o ,ou reco((end an, &peci*ic a&&i&tance (ea&ure& to be
pro-ided b,Fthrou+h 'HA
,eans of deliCerD of international assistance
9. <o+i&tic& and di&tribution &,&te(
173
1. de&cribe .o+i&tic& &,&te( *or receipt and tran&portation o*
internationa. re.ie* +ood& arri-in+ in di&a&ter area1
reco((ended airport(&) or other point& o* entr,Ai* re)uired0 indicate
characteri&tic& (&ee .o+i&tic& chapter *or check.i&t o* airport&)
tran&port *aci.itie& *ro( airportFpoint& o* entr, to di&a&ter
areaFdi&tribution point&
a-ai.abi.it, o* &tora+e &pace0 hand.in+ e)uip(ent0 (anpoer
a-ai.abi.it, o* *ue.
(a=or .o+i&tic& bott.eneck& or prob.e(&
2. 6o&&ib.e channe.& *or contribution& .i&t &er-ice(&) For+ani?ation(&)
operationa. onA&ite ith capacit, to recei-e and (ana+e internationa.
donation&.
Other information
1. de&cribe trend& in the de-e.op(ent o* the &ituation0 e.+.
are there &i+n& that .i*e i& returnin+ to nor(a.
are there an, particu.ar e-ent& or action& hich (i+ht either
acce.erate or retard the reAe&tab.i&h(ent o* &e.*Are.ianceK
2. did ear., arnin+Fdi&a&ter preparedne&& (ea&ure& in the a**ected
area he.p to reduce the i(pact o* the di&a&terK
E#/#3 Health (tatus
'eter(ine ho (an, death& occurred in the pa&t eek.
'eter(ine ho (an, chi.dren under 5 died in the &a(e period0
de&e+re+ated b, &e;.
'eter(ine the (ain cau&e o* death *or each +roup.
174
'eter(ine the crude (orta.it, rate.
'eter(ine hether (ea&.e& -accination& ha-e been or i.. be
pro-ided. I2 pro-ided0 +i-e date& o* -accination&.
'eter(ine the percenta+e o* chi.dren -accinated.
'eter(ine the incidence o* diarrhea a(on+ adu.t& and chi.dren.
'eter(ine the (o&t co((on di&ea&e& a(on+ chi.dren and adu.t&.
E#/#. CapacitD and Assets
Capacities
:hat percenta+e o* (a.e and *e(a.e popu.ation i& .iterateK
:hat e(er+enc,Are.ated &ki..& (*or e;a(p.e0 hea.th orker&0
indi-idua.& ith .o+i&tic&F or+ani?ationa. re.ie* &ki..&) are repre&ented
ithin the popu.ation that cou.d be dran upon b, re.ie*
or+ani?ation&K
Assets
'eter(ine hat the di&p.aced popu.ation ha& a& per&ona. propert,
and hat a& .o&t a& a re&u.t o* the di&a&ter.
9&ti(ate the nu(ber and t,pe& o* b.anket& needed (accordin+ to
c.i(atic condition&).
Identi*, hat b.anket& are a-ai.ab.e ithin the countr, *ro(
per&ona.0 co((ercia.0 $%F6E!F%4!FI!0 or +o-ern(ent &tock&.
'eter(ine hat i& needed *ro( e;terna. &ource& *or b.anket&.
'e&cribe the c.othin+ traditiona.., orn0 b, &ea&on and area.
I* c.othin+ i& needed0 e&ti(ate the a(ount b, a+e +roup and &e;.
'eter(ine i* u&ed c.othin+ i& acceptab.e0 and i* &o0 *or hich
+roup&.
175
'e&c5ribe nor(a. heatin+Fcookin+ practice&.
'eter(ine hether heatin+ e)uip(ent and For *ue. i& re)uired.
9&ti(ate the t,pe& and )uantitie& o* heatin+ e)uip(ent and *ue.
needed o-er a &peci*ic ti(e period.
'eter(ine appropriate *ue. &tora+e and di&tribution (echani&(&
Identi*, hat *ue. i& a-ai.ab.e .oca..,.
Identi*, hat i& needed *ro( e;terna. &ource&.
'eter(ine i* other per&ona. e**ect&0 &uch a& cookin+ uten&i.&0 &oap0
and &(a.. &tora+e container&0 are needed.
'eter(ine i* the '6& brou+ht an, *inancia. a&&et&. :ou.d tho&e
a&&et& be con-ertib.e to .oca. currenc,K
'eter(ine i* .i-e&tock a& brou+ht a.on+.
'eter(ine i* &he.ter (ateria.& ere brou+ht a.on+.
'eter(ine i* other po&&e&&ion&0 &uch a& car&0 bioc,c.e&0 or boat&0
ere brou+ht a.on+.
E#/#8 UNDAC (tandard (urCeD Form
UNDAC "eam ,ember> ######################### Date> ################################
*tinerarD> ###################################################
"ime> #################################
Name of )ocation
Ad(ini&trati-e $nit and 'i-i&ion
<oca. Authorit,(ie&) Inter-ieed (na(e0 tit.e)
9&ti(ated #ota. 6opu.ation
:or&tAA**ected Area(&)
Area(&) "urrent., Inacce&&ib.e
&uildin=s> ,aBor Dama=e EDestruction
7inor 'a(a+e
)CF>< 8oad& 'a(a+edF 'e&tro,ed (k()
>rid+e&
"o((unication& %etork
176
Hea.th 2aci.itie&
9.ectricit, %etork
:ater /upp., /,&te(&
A=ricultureE Fisheries
Name of )ocation
"rop& 'a(a+ed1 #,peFhaFU
<i-e&tock <o&&e&
Effects on $opulation
6ri(ar, A**ected 6opu.ation
A 'eadF A 7i&&in+F A In=ured
Ho(e.e&&
9-acuatedF In 6ub.ic /he.ter&
(econdarD "hreats
6otentia.., Ha?ardou& /ite&
)ocalE NationalE *nternational %esponse
#,pe o* A&&i&tance 6ro-ided >, %ationa.F<oca. /er-ice&
<i&t %onA4o-ern(enta.F Internationa. !r+ani?ation& !perationa. and #,pe o*
A&&i&tance
<o+i&tic& and di&tribution /,&te( (a-ai.abi.it, o* &tora+e *aci.itie&0 (ean& o*
tran&port and *ue.J di&tribution criteria)
$rioritD %elief Needs> *temE Iuantities E (pecifications
Name of )ocation
*nformation (ources>
(a! ################################################################################
(b! ################################################################################
(c! ################################################################################
(d! ################################################################################
%emarks>
E#/#1 Contact $oints
Name of AuthoritDE Or=ani;ation
Name of Official@in@char=e
177
HisE Her "itle
Office "elephone No#
Office Facsimile No#
Office "eleF no#
Emer=encD 2.@ hr# "el# No#
(treet Address
%esponsibilitD Coordinatin= domestic response
at national leCel
Focal point for international
response
Coordinatin= arriCal of relief
=oodsE distribution#
Coordinatin= response at local
leCel#
%eliefEresponse action#
(cientific monitorin=
Other#
E#2 "ables
E#2#2 Emer=encD *ndicators and ,inimum (tandards
,alnutrition Emer=encD *ndicators
W10Uo* X5 a+e +roup (oderate., (a.nouri&hed ith nutritiona. di&ea&e&
(eCere malnutrition for J8 a=e =roup
7$A" X11.0 c(
,oderate malnutrition for J8 a=e =roup
7$A"W11.0 and X13.5 c( PA/core W A3 and XA2
,ortalitD %ate Emer=encD *ndicators
Crude ,ortalitD %ate (C,%!> /in+.e (o&t i(portant indicator o* &eriou& &tre&& in
'6&
C,%K deathsE2AE daD> Emer=encD phase
X1 R $nder contro.
W1 R /eriou& condition
W2 R !ut o* contro.
178
W4 R 7a=or cata&trophe
,ortalitD rate for J8 a=e =roup
1 R %or(a. in a de-e.opin+ countr,
X2 R e(er+enc, pha&e1 under contro.
W2 R 9(er+enc, pha&e1 in &eriou& troub.e
W4 R 9(er+enc, 6ha&e1 out o* contro.
,inimum 6ater %eGuirements
7ini(u( (aintenance R 15A20 .itre&Fper&onFda,
2eedin+ centre R 20A30 .itre& Fper&onFda,
Hea.th centre R 40A60 .itre&Fper&onFda,
1 tap &tandF 200 peop.e notW 100 ( *ro( u&er&
A .ar+e )uantit, o* rea&onab., &a*e ater i& pre*erab.e to &(a.. a(ount o* pure
ater
,inimum Food %eGuirements
7ini(u( (aintenance R 20100 kea.Fper&onFda,
,inimum (helter E(pace %eGuirements
7ini(u( &he.ter &pace R 3.5 (2 F per&on
7ini(u( tota. &ite area R 30 ( F per&on
,inimum (anitation %eGuirements
At .ea& 1 toi.et *or e-er, 20 per&on&
7a;i(u( o* 1A (in. :a.k *ro( de..in+ to toi.et (W 5( and X51()

E#2#2 6ater Needs for Displaced $ersons
"ime (DaDs!
$opulation 2 3 1 / 22 23 318
500 0.0075 0.225 0.45 0.675 0.9 1.35 2.738
10000 0.0150 0.450 0.90 1.350 1.8 2.70 5.475
50000 0.0750 2.250 4.50 6.750 9.0 13.50 27.380
100000 0.1500 4.500 9.00 13.500 18.0 27.00 54.750
200000 0.3000 9.000 18.00 27.000 36.0 54.00 108.600
500000 0.7500 22.500 45.00 67.500 90.0 135.00 273.750
1000000 1.5000 45.000 90.00 135.000 180.0 270.00 547.500
179
5000000 7.0000 225.000 400.00 070.000 000.0 1380.00 20737.000
100000000 15.0000 450.000 900.000 10350.00 10800.0 20700.00 50475.000
2or(u.a1 15 .iter& ; no. o* peop.e ; da,& R .iter&Fda,
E#2#3 6ei=ht 5for@Hei=ht EFpressed as a $ercenta=e of ,edian
6ei=ht
Hei=ht ,edian
(cm! 6t# (9=#! 3L +8L +L 1L
85 12 9.5 9 8.4 7.2
86 12.2 9.8 9.1 8.5 7.32
87 12.4 9.9 9.3 8.7 7.44
88 12.6 10.1 9.5 8.8 7.56
89 12.9 10.3 9.7 9 7.74
90 13.1 10.5 9.8 9.2 7.86
91 13.3 10.7 10 9.3 7.98
92 13.6 10.8 10.2 9.5 8.16
93 13.8 11 10.3 9.7 8.28
94 14 11.2 10.5 9.8 8.4
95 14.3 11.4 10.7 10 8.58
96 14.5 11.6 10.9 10.2 8.7
97 14.8 11.8 11.1 10.3 8.88
98 15 12 11.3 10.5 9
99 15.3 12.2 11.5 10.7 9.18
100 15.6 12.4 11.7 10.9 9.36
101 15.8 12.7 11.9 11.1 9.48
102 16.1 12.9 12.1 11.3 9.66
103 16.4 13.1 12.3 11.5 9.84
104 16.7 13.3 12.5 11.7 10.02
105 16.9 13.6 12.7 11.9 10.14
106 17.2 13.8 12.9 12.1 10.32
107 17.5 14 13.1 12.3 10.5
108 17.8 14.3 13.4 12.5 10.68
109 18.1 14.5 13.6 12.7 11.86
110 18.4 14.8 13.8 12.9 11.04
E#2#. EFamples of surCiCal Food %ations
Commodities %ation
Option 2
%ation
Option 2
%ation
Option 3
8iceF heat *.ourF corn(ea. 430 430 430
6u.&e& (bean&Fpea&) 45 0 0
6u.&e& (Ienti.&) 0 30 0
Ee+etab.e oi. 25 25 25
"ornA&o,a b.end 35 0 35
:heat I&o,a b.end 0 35 0
180
"anned *i&h 0 0 30
/u+ar 0 15 15
/a.t (iodi?ed ) 5 5 5
"otal =rams> 8. 8. 8.
ApproFimate food Calue
9ner+, 2100 2100 2100
6rotein (+) 50 60 50
2at(+) 30 30 30
1. %ote1 2re&h *ruit& and -e+etab.e&0 cerea.& and .e+u(e&0 and condi(ent& or
&pice& &hou.d be (ade a-ai.ab.e hene-er po&&ib.e. 2orti*ied cerea. b.end&0
&uch a& heat I&o,a b.end and cornA&o,a b.end0 are +ood &ource& o* (icro
nutrient&. #he additiona. o* )uantitie& o* -ariou& (icroAnutrient&0 throu+h the
inc.u&ion o* &uch *orti*ied cerea.& and .oca. *ood&0 i& hi+h., de&irab.e.

E#2#8 EFample of $lannin= fi=ures to Determine Food Need
"ime (DaDs!
$opulation 2 3 1 / 22 23 318
28 #238 .#8 3#2 22#28 21#2 2.#3 ./#2+8
500 0.270 8.10 16.2 24.30 32.4 48.6 98.550
10000 0.540 16.20 32.4 48.60 64.8 97.2 197.100
50000 2.700 81.00 162.0 243.00 324.0 486.0 985.500
100000 5.400 162.00 324.0 486.00 648.0 972.0 1971.000
200000 10.800 324.00 648.0 972.00 1296.0 1944.0 3942.000
500000 27.000 810.00 1620.0 2430.00 3240.0 4860.0 9855.000
1000000 54.000 1620.00 3240.0 4860.00 6480.0 9720.0 19710.00
5000000 270.000 8100.00 16200.0 24300.00 32400.0 48600.0 98550.00
100000000 540.000 16200.00 32400.0 48600.00 64800.0 97200.0 197100.0
E#2#1 ApproFimate Nutritional <alues of Commodities
CommoditD Ener=D (keal! $rotein (=! Fat (=!
Cereals
:heat 330 12.3 1.5
:heat 2.our 350 11.5 1.5
>u.+ur heat 350 11.0 1.5
7ai?e 350 10.0 4.0
181
7ai?e (ea. 360 9.0 3.5
/or+hu( 335 11.0 3.0
8ice 360 7.0 0.5
8o..ed oat& 380 13.0 7.0
&lended Foods
In&tant cornA&o,a b.end 365 12.2 4.0
"ornA&o,a b.end 380 18.0 6.0
:heatA&o,a b.end 370 20.0 6.0
/o,aA*orti*ied bu.+ur heat 350 17.0 1.5
/o,aA*orti*ied corn (ea. 360 13.0 1.5
/o,aA*orti*ied corn oat& 375 21.0 6.0
/o,aA*orti*ied heat *.our 360 16.0 1.3
$ulses
'ried pea& and bean& 335 22.0 1.5
4round nut& 330 15.0 25.0
,ilkA CheeseA and E==s
'ried &ki( (i.k 360 36.0 1.0
'ried ho.e (i.k 500 26.0 27.0
"hee&e 355 22.5 28.0
'ried e++& 575 45.5 43.5
ApproFimate Nutritional <alues of commodities (contd#!
,eat and Fish
"anned (eat 220 21.0 15.0
'ried &a.ted *i&h 270 47.0 7.5
"anned *i&h in oi. 30.5 22.0 24.0
2i&h protein concentrate 390 75.0 10.0
Oils and Fats
Ee+etab.e oi. 885 0 100.0
>utter oi. 860 0 98.0
7ar+arine 735 0 82.0
9dib.e *at 900 0 100.0
Fruits and &eCera=es
182
'ried *ruit 270 4.0 0.5
'ate& 245 2.0 0.5
Da( 265 0 0
#ea 0 0 0
"o**ee 0 0 0
,iscellaneous
/u+ar 400 0 0
Iodi?ed &a.t 0 0 0
6a&ta 365 12.5 1.2
2ree?eAdried (eat 480 65.0 25.0
7ine&trone 500 22.5 27.0
6roteinAenriched ration 450 16.7 15.5
7i.k bi&cuit& (ho.e (i.k) 470 23.4 10.4
7i.k bi&cuit& (&ki( (i.) 375 24.0 1.5
Hi+hAener+, protein bi&cuit 450 15.0 20.0
F# Coordination in the Field
F#2 Establishin= a Coordination Centre
(tructure
!chaH& *ie.d pre&ence (a, be &tructura.., or+ani?ed in a nu(ber o* a,&
dependin+ on the *unction& (*ro( abo-e) per*or(ed and (a, occur0 *or e;a(p.e0
ithin the "oordinatorH& o**ice0 a 2ie.d "oordination $nit0 or an !peration&
"oordination "entre. Herea*ter0 the coordination entit, i.. be re*ereed to a& the
"entre.
9;perience ha& &hon that no &in+.e &tructure i& appropriate to a..
circu(&tance&. In a &i(p.e &tructure a.. o* the *unction& (entioned abo-e ou.d
be per*or(ed in the &a(e ce... In a (ore co(p.icate& &ituation0 it (a, be
de&irab.e and nece&&ar, to create &eparate or+ani?ationa. ce..& *or the reportin+
*unction and the .iai&on *unction. I* au;i.iar, *unction& are a.&o bein+ per*or(ed
the, ou.d nor(a.., re)uire &eparate ce..& a& e...
183
(taffin=
A "oordination "entre e&tab.i&hin+ b, !"HA (pre*erab., =oint., ith the
%ationa. 4o-ern(ent) i.. be &ta**ed b, drain+ on a -ariet, o* &ource& inc.udin+
&ta** o* $% a+encie& inAcountr,0 !"HA interna. &ta** (a 2ie.d "oordination $nit)0
the $%'A" #ea(0 and &econded per&onne. *ro( or+ani?ation& &uch a& 'ani&h
8e*u+ee "ounci.0 %ore+ian 8e*u+ee "ounci.0 'ani&h 9(er+enc, 7ana+e(ent
A+enc,0 /edi&h 8e&cue /er-ice& A+enc, and the 9(er+enc, <o+i&tic&
(ana+e(ent #ea( o* !'AF$C. In &udden on&et natura. di&a&ter& the "entre
&hou.d recruit per&onne. *ro( arri-in+ internationa. tea(& to pro-ide &ta**
&er-ice&.
#he ph,&ica. .ocation &hou.d (a;i(i?e the po&&ibi.itie& o* e**ecti-e.,
uti.i?in+ co((unication e)uip(ent0 e.+. on hi+her +round and not &urrounded b,
hi..& or other natura. ob&truction&. #he &ite &hou.d *aci.itate proper &ecurit,
procedure& inc.udin+ ea&e o* acce&& and e-acuationJ a peri(eter ea&i., +uardedJ
and di&tance *ro( actua. or potentia. ar(ed con*.ict.
#he bui.din+ hou&in+ the "entre &hou.d be &tructura.., &ound and not
da(a+ed durin+ the e(er+enc,. #he o**ice& &hou.d ha-e &e-era. &eparate
roo(&. #here &hou.d be a +enera. area *or recei-in+ and re+i&terin+ -i&itor&0
pre*erab., ith &o(e p.ea&ant a(biance &uch a& a co**ee (achine. #here &hou.d
a.&o be a +enera. &ituation roo( ith tab.e& and chair& &u**icient *or (eetin+ o*
12A15 peop.e (.ar+er i* po&&ib.e). #here &hou.d be &o(e pri-ate o**ice& here
con*identia. di&cu&&ion& can take p.ace. #he bui.din+ &hou.d be .ar+e enou+h to
acco((odate the coA.ocation o* &ta** *ro( the %ationa. 4o-ern(ent and other
a+encie& that i&h to operate ithin the "entre &tructure "o((unication
e)uip(ent &hou.d be in a &ecure co((unication roo(. !**ice e)uip(ent .ike
copier& &hou.d be acce&&ib.e but not in +enera. (eetin+ &pace area&.
184
(upport %eGuirements
A .ar+e "oordination "entre i.. need .o+i&tica. and ad(ini&trati-e &upport
to &ati&*actori., per*or( it& *unction&. <o+i&tica. and in*ra&tructura. &upport
inc.ude&1
6er&ona. &ub&i&tence &uch a& ration&0 acco((odation&0 ater0 cookin+
e)uip(ent0 and &anitation e)uip(entJ
!**ice e)uip(ent &uch a& e.ectrica. e)uip(ent0 de&k&0 co(puter&0 copier&0
and *a; (achine&J
#e.eco((unication& &upport &uch a& &ate..ite0 H20 and EH2 e)uip(entJ
#ran&port &upport &uch a& re+u.ar and hea-, tran&port -ehic.e&J
7edica. &upport &uch a& (edicine&0 *ir&t aid e)uip(entJ and
/ecurit, &upport &uch a& *.ak =acket&0 ire *encin+0 and barbed ire.
/ta** re)uire(ent& to pro-ide thi& &upport inc.udeJ &upport tea( .eader0
ca(p (ana+er0 te.eco((unication& o**icer and technician0 e.ectrician0
p.u(berFater puri*ication technicianJ re+i&tered nur&e0 para(edic0 (echanic0
and carpenter.
Ad(ini&trati-e &upport0 nor(a.., pro-ided throu+h an a+ree(ent ith an
e;i&tin+ inAcountr, $% a+enc, &uch a& $%'6 i.. inc.ude1
2inancia. (ana+e(entJ
6er&onne. &er-ice&J
8ecord keepin+ and *i.e (aintenanceJ
8outine &upp., procure(entJ and
/ecretaria. &upport.
F#2#3 An O(OCC in an earthGuake
185
#he i((ediate a*ter(ath o* an earth)uake pre&ent& a uni)ue coordination
cha..en+e a& there i& an o-erhe.(in+ nece&&it, to re&cue peop.e trapped under
rubb.e ithin 3A4 da,&. #he, are un.ike., to &ur-i-e .on+er. #hi& (ean& that (an,
nationa. and internationa. /earch and 8e&cue (/A8) tea(& ou.d in a.. .ike.ihood
be orkin+ on the &it. #heir action& need to be coordinated ith the .oca.
authorit, and each other. 2or thi& purpo&e a &(a.. !/!"" ha& to be e&tab.i&hed
on &ite in the &a(e ti(e *ra(e a& /A8 tea(& arri-e. An $%'A" tea( (a, be
ta&ked to do &o. /uch a& !/!"" i.. not be e.aborateA perhap& co(po&ed *or
=u&t 3A4 peop.e. >it i& ha& to be e&tab.i&hed in ti(e. 2or dutie& o* &uch an
!/!"" &ee "hapter H.4
F#2#. Coordination :ithout a Centre
In &o(e &ituation&0 an $%'A" or other !"HA *ie.d coordination tea( i..
be ca..ed upon to aid coordination e**ort& ithout the bene*it o* a "oordination
"entre. Indeed0 in the ca&e o* a (oderate inten&it, e(er+enc, on !/!"" (a,
not need to be e&tab.i&hed. In &uch ca&e&0 the #ea( &hou.d &eek to acco(p.i&h
the &a(e ob=ecti-e& a& i* there ere a "entre.
F#2 Coordination "echniGues and "rouble (hootin=
A "entre need& (ore than a (andate. It (u&t ha-e &o(ethin+ that other&
ant and need inc.udin+ in*or(ation0 *aci.itie&0 &ki..&0 e)uip(ent0 credibi.it,0 and
other a(enitie& I idea.., a co(bination o* a.. the&e thin+& &et in an attractin+
&ettin+ that inc.ude& a p.ace to (eet ith other& ho a.&o co(e there.
6racticin+ certain &ki..& o* coordination i.. he.p *aci.itate the coordination
proce&&. 2o..oin+ are techni)ue& hich are u&e*u. in achie-in+ coordination and
co((on coordination barrier& .ike., to be encountered.
F#2#2"echniGues
186
$romote an Understandin= of Collaboratin= Or=ani;ations
#he "entre &ta** (u&t *ir&t +et to kno the p.a,er&. !n., b, under&tandin+
the (andate& o* -ariou& or+ani?ation&0 their intention&0 and their capacitie&
(re&ource& both (ateria. and per&onne.)0 can the "entre in-o.-e the(
appropriate., and ha-e rea&onab.e e;pectation& o* their per*or(ance -ariation&.
"entre &ta** &hou.d0 a& &oon a& *ea&ib.e0 inter-ie the repre&entati-e& o* the
-ariou& hu(anitarian a+encie& acti-e in the e(er+enc, &ituation. #he inter-ie
&hou.d be conducted *o..oin+ a &tandard inter-ie procedure and the re&u.t&
(ade a-ai.ab.e in a re*erence *i.e at the "entre. !b-iou&., &en&iti-e in*or(ation
cannot be inc.uded on thi& *or( but0 in princip.e0 a per&on &hou.d be ab.e to a.k
into the "entre and ha-e0 ea&i., acce&&ib.e0 a *i.e o* de&cripti-e in*or(ation on a..
operatin+ a+encie& and the particu.ar& o* their operation&. /uch *i.e& i.. need to
be re+u.ar., updated. In a .on+er ter( operation i& i.. be i(portant to de-e.op a
3:hoH& :ho inAcountr,5 *or u&e in brie*in+ ne arri-a.& and -i&itin+ (i&&ion&.
,ake the )inka=es
:hen inter-iein+ the or+ani?ation&0 it i.. be i(portant to identi*, ho0 in
particu.ar0 the or+ani?ation &hou.d .iai&e ith. #hi& (a, be deter(ined b, an,
nu(ber o* -ariab.e& &uch a& &ector0 +eo+raphica. area o* operation0 +o-ern(ent
or oppo&ition coordinatin+ a+ent0 etc. #he "entre &hou.d en&ure that the .inka+e
ha& been (ade. In an, ca&e& thi& i.. in-o.-e contactin+ the partie&0 or+ani?in+ a
(eetin+0 e&cortin+ one o* the partie& and *aci.itatin+ the introduction& o* the
or+ani?ationa. repre&entati-e&.
/o(e i(portant and he.p*u. .inka+e& (a, a.read, be operatin+. #he
e(er+enc, re.ie* co((unit, i&0 re.ati-e.,0 &(a.. and the .ike.ihood o* peop.e
knoin+ each other or ha-in+ orked ith one another in a pre-iou& e(er+enc,
i& )uite hi+h. #he&e preAe;i&tin+ re.ation&hip& can +reat., aid the .inka+e proce&&.
!* cour&e0 the oppo&ite (a a.&o be true here an un&ati&*actor, prior
re.ation&hip i.. i(pede the current e**ort.
187
$romote "ransparencD
:hen an or+ani?ationH& action& are tran&parent0 it i& po&&ib.e to &ee ho
and h, deci&ion& are bein+ (ade. #he di&inc.ination to tran&parenc, re&ide& in
-ariou& *ear&A *ear& * di&appro-a.J that idea& i.. be &to.en or re&ource&
(onopo.i?edJ or that *reedo( o* action or the abi.it, to chan+e cour&e
circu(&cribed. >, pro(otin+ tran&parenc, ithout ne+ati-e con&e)uence& the
"entre (a, be ab.e to reduce the natura. tendenc, to hide or+ani?ationa.
deci&ionA(akin+ proce&&e&. An0 o* cour&e0 tran&parenc, be+in& at ho(e. #hu&0
the "entre (u&t (ode. tran&parenc, in it& on proce&&e&. !ne a, to do thi& i&
to periodica.., e-a.uate ho the coordination proce&& i& +oin+ and ho it can be
i(pro-ed. ".ari*,in+ ho the centre can do it& =ob better and then (akin+ tho&e
chan+e& i.. i(pro-e operation& at the &a(e ti(e that tran&parenc, i& increa&ed.
(tart :ith the Needs of Others
In pro(otin+ coordination it i& te(ptin+ to &a,0 3a& !"HA e need thi&
in*or(ation to be ab.e to coordinate5. #hu&0 the need *or coordination re&ide& in
!"HA not in the coordinatee&. #hi& i& the ron+ approach. #he "entre &hou.d
*ir&t a&k ho the, can he.p the a+encie&. >, &tartin+ at and (eetin+ &o(e o* the
a+encie&H need&0 the "entre i& co((ittin+ to &er-ice *ir&t and earnin+ &i+ni*icant
credibi.it,. A& part o* the e**ort o* identi*,in+ the need& o* other& it i.. beco(e
c.earer not on., hat coordination &hou.d &eek to acco(p.i&h but a.&o ho
or+ani?ation& can be induced to participate. Adopt a (arketin+ approach here
,ou tr, to *ind out their need& and (eet the(0 a& oppo&ed to &e..in+ the( hat
,ou ha-e to o**er.
ClarifD Coordination $arameters and ActiCities
#akin+ a .itt.e bit o* the (,&ter, out o* coordination i.. +o a .on+ a, in
en&urin+ that it happen&. "oordination i.. be a-oided i* or+ani?ation& *ee. that i&
188
i.. be =u&t a a&te o* ti(e in end.e&& (eetin+& or that the coordination e**ort i..
re&u.t in a -eto o* their p.an& and acti-itie&. #he be&t a, to c.ari*, the
coordination para(eter& i& to ha-e *rank and open di&cu&&ion& on the +oa.&
e;pected to be reached throu+h coordination e**ort& and the need& o* the -ariou&
or+ani?ation&0 inc.udin+ !"HA0 *or coordination.
(ecure Commitment of (taff and Other %esources for
Coordination
!nce the coordination para(eter& ha-e been deter(ined0 a co((it(ent
o* re&ource& *or coordination (u&t be *orthco(in+. #hi& (a, take the *or( o* &ta**
or e)uip(ent0 but a.&o pub.ic., &tated intention& to attend (eetin+& and &hare
in*or(ation0 and 0 i* po&&ib.e0 a &tated intention to adapt or+ani?ationa. acti-itie&
to i&&ued rai&ed out o* the coordination proce&&.
6rite *t Do:n
/o(e o* the re&u.t& o* the coordination proce&&0 both *ro( .ar+e +roup and
bi.atera. di&cu&&ion& i.. b concrete enou+h to be de-e.oped into a *or(a.
docu(ent. /uch ite(& (i+ht inc.ude a preparedne&& p.an or p.an o* operation&.
A &i+ned docu(ent can &er-e a& a point o* re*erence *or re&o.-in+ or headin+Ao**
di&pute& a& e.. a& a u&e*u. (echani&( *or &ecurin+ continuit, hen &ta** rotate
o-er. "ertain., a.. &uch a+ree(ent& i.. re)uire updatin+ and0 e-en in the be&t o*
ca&e&0 repre&ent an intention to act or an a+ree(ent0 in princip.e0 &ub=ect to
chan+e a& &ituation& chan+e.
*nColCe the %i=ht $eople and Or=ani;ations in Appropriate %oles
A.. the (e(ber& o* the IA/"0 i* operatin+ inAcountr,0 (u&t be in-o.-ed.
A.&o (a=or %4!& and %4!& ith &i+ni*icant donor tie& are i(portant (e(ber&.
Hoe-er0 not e-er,one &hou.d be or need& to be in-o.-ed in the coordination
proce&&. /(a..er or+ani?ation& ith .i(ited operation& and re&ource& or
189
or+ani?ation& ho&e (andate and -a.ue& are at odd& ith the +oa.& o* the
coordination bod, (a, not add to the orkin+& o* coordination and (a,0 in *act0
e-en i(pede the proce&&. #oo (an, per&on& are .ike., to re&u.t in too (uch ta.k
and di**icu.t, achie-in+ con&en&u&. "on&ider a .ar+e +enera. (e(ber&hip *or
purpo&e& &uch a& in*or(ation &harin+ and a &teerin+ or e;ecuti-e co((ittee *or
&trate+ic deci&ionA(akin+. %e or+ani?ation& or &ta** (u&t be brie*ed a &oon a&
*ea&ib.e upon arri-a. inAcountr,0 not on., in re+ard to the &ituation and other
p.a,er& but a.&o to the coordination proce&& and ob.i+ation& inherent a& a
participant in the coordination proce&&.
9eep the &all %ollin=
7o(entu( in coordination i& e&&entia. to (aintain intere&t and
co((it(ent. !ne a, to do thi& i& to en&ure rapid reportin+ o* ne or updated
in*or(ation. 'eci&ion (ade in the coordination proce&& (u&t be docu(ented in
the *or( o* (inute& or aide de (e(oire (&) and di&tributed. 9-en (ore i(portant
i& to en&ure *o..oAup and *o..oAthrou+h on deci&ion&. 2ai.ure to i(p.e(ent
conc.u&ion& i.. cau&e c,nici&( about the proce&& to de-e.op and u.ti(ate.,
de&tro, the "entreH& credibi.it,. 6art o* keepin+ (o(entu( i& keepin+ peop.e in
touch ith one another and keepin+ channe.& o* co((unication open. #hi& (a,
in-o.-e +oin+ out o* ,our a, to (ake the ri+ht connection&.
%espect $eople's "ime and (chedules
'onHt the coordination (eetin+& +et to be =u&t another (eetin+. 9n&ure
that the (eetin+& need to occur and that there i& -ita. and i(portant ork to be
done. 'onHt be a*raid to cance. a &tandin+ (eetin+ i* the a+enda i& not
co(pe..in+ enou+h. 6ub.i&h an a+enda *or the (eetin+ and &tick to the &chedu.e.
#r, to be+in and end (eetin+& on ti(e. 6ractice +ood (eetin+ *aci.itation &ki..&0
en&urin+ that e-er,one ha& a chan+e to &a, hatH& on their (ind and that a &(a..
+roup or indi-idua. donHt do(inate the con-er&ation.
190
Attack (mall $roblems before theD 4ro:
A &(a.. prob.e(0 be it a (i&under&tandin+0 a hurt *ee.in+0 or a perception
o* in&en&iti-it, can +ro and *e&ter re&u.tin+ in a (uch bi++er barrier to
co((unication. #here*ore0 a& part o* ,our ro.e in *aci.itatin+ producti-e
re.ation&hip& ,ou (a, need to en+a+e in acti-e con*.ict (ana+e(ent or
re.ation&hip con*idence bui.din+0 u&ua.., out&ide the *or(a. coordination proce&&.
/tartin+ &(a.. i& +enera.., a +ood idea in an, &ituation a& ,ou bui.d con*idence in
the coordination proce&&.
$roCide Useful *nformation and (erCices
In part thi& i.. occur i* ,ou practice the techni)ue o* a&kin+ other& hat
the, need. 9-en &o0 &o(e t,pe& o* in*or(ation i.. a.a,& be u&e*u. to a.(o&t
e-er,one. I2 the "entre i& the repo&itor, o* u&e*u. in*or(ation0 peop.e i.. ant to
co(e it. 7ap&0 *or in&tance0 a.a,& &ee( to be in &hort &upp.,0 I* ,ou (aintain
accurate (ap&0 updated on the ba&i& o* operation in*or(ation0 peop.e i.. beat a
path to ,our door. 2urther0 the "entre &hou.d be a +ood p.ace to +et a cop,
(adeJ +et a eather reportJ checkAout hat (i+ht be +oin+ on &o(ehereJ +et a
&ecurit, updateJ or =u&t &ee a &(i.in+ and con+enia. i..in+ to take a *e
(o(ent& to .i&ten.
&uild on (tren=ths
It i& i(portant to a&k peop.e to do thin+& the, can do. #oo o*ten peop.e
a+ree to a ta&k that the, canHt or ontH per*or( under the threat o* con&en&u& or
=u&t part o* antin+ to be a tea( p.a,er. #hi& i& a dead., prob.e( becau&e i*
peop.e are unab.e to acco(p.i&h hat the, a+reed to thi& (a, re&u.t in
a-oidance o* ,ou or the "entre. #here*ore0 a&k peop.e to do thin+& the, can
ea&i., acco(p.i&h0 e&pecia.., at *ir&t. And donHt be a*raid to a&k the( o-er and
o-er0 hether the, are &ure the, ant to take on the ta&k. !nce ,our re.ation&hip
i& &tron+ ,ou (a, be ab.e to a&k the( to en+a+e in (ore di**icu.t ta&k&.
191
No (urprises
%obod, .ike& to +o to a (eetin+ and be e(barra&&ed becau&e the, donHt
kno &o(ethin+ the, &hou.d or that other peop.e kno. #here*ore0 the
coordination tea( i.. need to (eet and brie* peop.e out&ide to the *or(a.
(eetin+ proce&& to keep the( updated on current or *a&t chan+in+ e-ent&0 &hi*t
i& in re&ource& or i(portant -i&itor&.
"rain Others to "ake OCer Functions
ItH& an o.d c.iche0 but tr, to ork ,our&e.* out o* a =ob. I* a "entre i& +oin+
to need to *unction *or a.on+ ti(e period0 it i.. be be&t i* a& (an, *unction& a&
po&&ib.e can be hand.ed either b, the other a+encie& or b, .oca. &ta** o* the
"entre. I* &o(eone e.&e can and i& i..in+ to do ,our =ob0 +i-e the( the chan+e.
In a.(o&t e-er, &ituation there i& (ore to do than can be done. 4i-in+ =ob& to
other& can on., he.p in *reein+ ,ou up to take on another ta&k.
"hank $eople and Ackno:led=e "heir Contribution
8eardin+ participation i& an i(portant techni)ue in bui.din+ co((it(ent
to the coordination proce&&. :hen or+ani?ation& ha-e done +ood ork0 chan+ed
their pro+ra( or otheri&e +one out o* their a, to put otherH& need& ahead o*
their on the, need to be thanked and ackno.ed+ed0 pub.ic.,. 2e thin+& i..
in&pire (ore participation in coordination than the *ee.in+ o* bein+ a -a.ued
contributor.
HaCe a $artD
ItH& +ood idea to ha-e a &ocia. +atherin+ periodica..,. %onAork re.ated
+atherin+& &pon&ored b, the "entre i.. pro(ote the "entre a& a p.ace to 3.et
don ,our hair5. 7uch u&e*u. in*or(ation i.. be &hared at a &ocia. +atherin+ and
192
re.ation&hip& i.. be (ade and &tren+thened. In +enera.0 it &hou.d be a co((on
practice to ce.ebrate &ucce&&e& and (ourn *ai.ure&.
F#2#2 Coordination &arriers
8eco+ni?in+ and na(in+Fidenti*,in+ barrier& to coordination i& the *ir&t
&tep in o-erco(in+ the(. /o(e co((on barrier& to coordination inc.udeJ
#he perception that coordination i.. .i(it autono(, and that the *reedo( to
(ake deci&ion and run pro+ra((e& a& de&ired i.. be circu(&cribedJ
#oo (an, deci&ionA(aker& or too (an, or+ani?ation& in-o.-ed hich i..
co(p.icate the proce&& and (ake con&en&u&0 or at .ea&t a+ree(ent0 too
di**icu.t to achie-eJ
'i**erent e;pectation& or be.ie*& about hat i& i(portant0 a priorit,0 or the
3ri+htH thin+ to do in a +i-en &ituationJ
<ack o* re&ource& to de-ote coordination or coordination &een a& a .o
priorit, +i-en .i(ited ti(e and re&ource&J
<i(ited 3*ie.dAba&ed5 deci&ionA(akin+ authorit, &uch that no deci&ion& can be
(ade ithout HO appro-a. thu& re&u.tin+ in de.a,& or 3.o&& o* *aceH.
/ta** turno-er here ne &ta** .ack a co((it(ent to coordination or are
unaare o* coordination a+ree(ent&J
$ni.atera. action& that i+nore e&tab.i&hed coordination (echani&(& o* the
coordination bod, hether b, donor& or (e(ber or+ani?ation&J and
Ine**ectua. or inappropriate coordination .eader&hip0 *or e;a(p.e0 hen the
coordination bod, e;erci&e& autocratic .eader&hip and i(po&e& deci&ion& on
other& ithout a tran&parent proce&& o* in-o.-e(ent.
F#2#3 OCHA Coordination Functions Checklists
OperationsE $ro=ramme Coordination
193
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or *aci.itatin+ a coordinated0 co(prehen&i-e0 and
coherent operation pro+ra((e o* a&&i&tance to (eet the hu(anitarian need& in
the e(er+enc, &ituation.
#a&k&J
In the i((ediate re&pon&e pha&e0 identi*, priorit, area& *or dep.o,in+
re&ource&0 direct re.ie* pro-ider& to hi+h need area&0 track pro+re&&0 and
ad=u&t the re&pon&e a& needed.
/er-e a& &ecretariat *or coordination bod,J pro-ide interna. brie*in+&.
/er-e a& *oca. point *or po.ic, i&&ue0 de-e.opin+ back+round ana.,&i&0
coordinatin+ input&0 adoptin+ and updatin+ *or(u.ated po.icie&.
2aci.itate &trate+icFcontin+enc,Foperationa. p.annin+ and adaptation o* p.an&
to chan+in+ condition&
"oordinate the de-e.op(ent and i(p.e(entation o* =oint a&&e&&(ent&
&ur-e,&0 )ue&tionnaire& and other in*or(ation +atherin+ acti-itie&
In cooperation ith other hu(anitarian partner&0 (onitor0 ana.,?e an
de-a.uate popu.ationAat ri&k b, e;tent and t,pe o* -u.nerabi.it,0 hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance need&0 re&ource&0 and e(er+in+ trend& to deter(ine prioritie&0
re)uire(ent& and area& *or action.
2aci.itateFcoordinate an a&&e&&(ent o* nationa. and internationa. or+ani?ation
ro.e&0 re&ource&0 capabi.it,0 and co(parati-e &tren+th&0 identi*, +ap&0
o-er.ap&0 and bott.eneck& b, &ectorFareFpro+ra((e
194
"oordinate and produce a uni*ied 6.an o* Action (6!A)
Identi*,0 and i* nece&&ar, *aci.itate de-e.op(ent o*0 co((on po.icie&0
&tandard& and protoco.& in &er-ice& and practice&
7onitor and *aci.itate interAa+enc, coordination e**ort& ithin &ector&
2aci.itate con&u.tationFco((unication beteen pro-ider& and nationa.
authoritie&
2aci.itate preparation o* *.a&h and con&o.idated appea.&J ork to *i.. re&ource
&hort*a..&
7onitor and e-a.uate the e**icient.,0 e**ecti-ene&&0 and i(pact o*
operation&Fpro+ra((e& and reco((end *o..oAup
6ro(ote re.ie* hich contribute& to rehabi.itation and de-e.op(ent and
de-e.op(ent a&&i&tance that reduce& -u.nerabi.it,
:hen appropriate0 de*ine and i(p.e(ent po.icie&0 &trate+ie&0 and
pro+ra((e& *or hu(anitarian &ocia. a&pect& o* de(obi.i?ation0 deA(inin+0
and reinte+ration i&&ue&.
2aci.itate and (onitor pro-i&ion o* &er-ice& to &pecia. +roup& (e.+. interna..,
di&p.aced per&on&0 de(obi.i?ed &o.dier&0 etc.)
Identi*, .e&&on .earned and pro(u.+ate to en&ure in&titutiona. (e(or,
)iaison
195
%ote1 #he .iai&on *unction0 a& de&cribed be.o0 i.. nor(a.., be inc.uded in the
*unctiona. area& o* in*or(ation and pro+ra((eFoperation&. In a hi+h., co(p.e;
and inten&e &ituation it (a, be de&irab.e to e&tab.i&h a &pecia. ce...
!b=ecti-e 1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or the e&tab.i&h(ent o* (echani&(& hich *aci.itate
on+oin+ and e**ecti-e co((unication and cooperatin+ beteen $% a+encie& and
ke, p.a,er& e&pecia.., %4!&.
#a&k&1
"o((unicate re+u.ar., ith %4!&0 donor&0 (edia0 $% a+encie& and other
internationa. re.ie* pro-ider& and pro-ide the( ith in*or(ation needed to
i(p.e(ent their pro+ra((e&
"o..ect0 co..ate an di&&e(inate in*or(ation on a.. acti-itie& o* %4!&0 donor&0
(edia0 $% a+encie&0 and other internationa. and nationa. re.ie* actor&
2aci.itate re+u.ar indi-idua. and +roup (eetin+& on re)ue&t *or p.annin+0
coordination and in*or(ation e;chan+e both in head)uarter& and in the *i.ed
/er-e a& c.earin+ hou&e *or a.. ne., arri-in+ or+ani?ation& an *aci.itate their
re+i&tration and reco+nition b, nationa.F.oca. authoritie&0 &et up0 and
operation&
'e-e.op and (aintain a centra. re+i&tr, o* or+ani?ation& inc.ude in*or(ation
on capacit, and operation&
/upport donor -i&itation and *actA*indin+ (i&&ion& A&&i&t in the de-e.op(ent
o* pro=ect propo&a.& and *aci.itate e;panded %4! pre&enceJ &upport %4!&
in de.i-erin+ a&&i&tance
He.p bui.d indi+enou& capacit, throu+h *aci.itatin+ internationa.Fnationa.
partner&hip&
<iai&e ith internationa. (i.itar, contin+ent in the area to a&&i&t hu(anitarian
operation&.
196
"elecommunications
!b=ecti-e1 8e&pon&ibi.it, to en&ure the creation0 e**ecti-e i(p.e(entation
and coordination o* the nece&&ar, co((unication &,&te(& (p.annin+0 &uper
-i&ion o* in&ta..ation0 and the (ana+e(ent o* co((unication netork& a(on+
the $% a+encie& and0 to the e;tent po&&ib.e0 the hu(anitarian a&&i&tance
co((unit, inAcountr, &uch a& are re)uired *or hu(anitarian coordination
purpo&e&).
#a&k&1
A&&e&& e;i&tin+ te.eco((unication& capacit,
6ro-ide nece&&ar, te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent not current., a-ai.ab.e
and0 i* nece&&ar,0 tran&port to the countr,.
<iai&e ith ho&t countr, co((unication& o**icia.& and other partie& *or radio0
te.ephone0 and &ate..ite co((unication&0 .icen&e& and other per(it&
9n&ure co(patibi.it,Funit, o* &ecurit, co((unication& &,&te( ith other $%
a+encie&0 %4!&0 and i(p.e(entin+ partner&
"on*ir( and coordinate di&tribution o* ca.. &i+n& and *re)uencie& a(on+
a+encie& in coordination ith $% #e.eco((unication "ontro. "entreA 4ene-a
9n&ure the interAoperabi.it, o* &ecurit, re.ated netork& *or .oca. area&0
con-o, contro.0 and re+iona. e(er+enc, netork&
"oordinate a.ternate routin+ *or co((unication& a& a =oint a+enc, capabi.it,
'e&i+nate &peci*ic a+enc, re&pon&ibi.itie&0 ba&ed on capabi.itie& and a&&et&0
*or the i(p.e(entation o* &,&te(&F netork& *or &hared u&e
7aintain 24 hour& &ecurit, netork *or a inAcountr,0 re+iona.0 and internationa.
or+ani?ation& operation inc.udin+ de&i+nation o* %et "ontro. /tation0
*re)uencie& and ca.. &i+n&0 and procedure& *or e(er+enc, re&pon&e *or 6C!0
/A80 (edica.0 (i.itar,0 and po.ice
6ro-ide update& on 46/ po&itionin+ *or ke, .ocation& or (i&&ion&
197
"oordinate co((unication a&pect& o* contin+enc, p.annin+ o* e-acuation
inc.udin+ *re)uencie&0 a.ternateFe(er+enc, repeater &ite&0 and rapid.,
redep.o,ab.e e)uip(ent packa+e&.
6ro-ide on+oin+ trainin+ and technica. a&&i&tance on the in&ta..ation0
operation& and (aintenance o* te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent
)o=istics
!b=ecti-e&1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or *aci.itatin+ &u**icient .o+i&tica. &upport to
enab.e hu(anitarian a&&i&tance to be de.i-ered in the (o&t appropriate (anner
po&&ib.e. "oordinate and pro-ide&0 hen nece&&ar,0 .o+i&tica. &upport &er-ice&.
#a&k&1
9&tab.i&h .iai&on ith nationa. and .oca. authoritie&
/et up .o+i&tic& coordination +roup
A&&e&& da(a+e to .o+i&tic& in*ra&tructure
9&tab.i&h route a-ai.abi.it, and &ecurit,
Identi*, critica. co((odit, &horta+e&
Identi*, .oca. .o+i&tic re&ource& &uch a& tran&port0 *ue.0 and &er-ice& and
&ecure0 a& re)uired.
Identi*, capabi.it, +ap& in e)uip(ent and *aci.itie&
2or(u.ate &o.ution& and &ub(it propo&a.& to the "oordinator *or tran&(i&&ion
to +o-ern(ent and donor&
Arran+e pro-i&ion o* co((on &er-ice& &uch a& *ue. air*ie.d hand.in+0 -ehic.e
(aintenance0 .i+ht air operation&0 and air*ie.d (ana+e(ent
"oordinate -ita. co((on &er-ice& &uch a& air.i*t0 (ede-ac0 and airhead
operation&
198
2aci.itate ac)ui&ition and uti.i?ation o* +o-ern(ent &er-ice packa+e&0 e.+.
brid+e bui.din+0 *ie.d kitchen&0 *ie.d ho&pita.&0 and other (i.itar, and ci-i.
de*ence a&&et&.
A&certain0 i* nece&&ar, e&tab.i&h0 and pub.i&h procedure& *or cu&to(&
c.earance0 .oca. docu(entation0 and ta;e&.
2aci.itate cooperation and &harin+ o* *aci.itie&0 &upp.ie&0 e)uip(ent and
in*or(ation
:ith .oca. authoritie&0 (onitor and prioriti?e inco(in+ re.ie* &hip(ent& to
en&ure -ita. con&i+n(ent& are e;peditiou&., hand.ed and un&uitab.e or
uni(portant ite(& are dea.t ith appropriate.,.
!-er&ee .o+i&tica. &upport *or the "entre
(ecuritD
!b=ecti-e&1 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or &upportin+ ade)uate preparedne&& and
re&pon&e to chan+in+ &ecurit, &ituation&0 protection o* per&onne. and a&&et&
under the authorit, o* $%9"!!8' and the 'e&i+nated !**icia..
#a&k1
9&tab.i&h a &ecurit, p.an *or it& &ta** and update a& re)uired
7onitor the &ecurit, &ituation and $% &ecurit, pha&e&
"o((unicate &ecurit, procedure& to a.. a**ected partie&
A&&i&t and en&ure preparedne&& p.an& and (ea&ure&
2aci.itate &ecurit, i(p.e(entation procedure&
I* nece&&ar,0 *aci.itate e-acuation
F#2#. EFample of coordination Centre established durin= the
floods in ,o;ambiGue
199
(tructure
#he 4o-ern(ent o* 7o?a(bi)ue ha& &et up a coordination centre at the
I%4"0 ho&e ai( i& to en&ure coAordination beteen the 4o-ern(ent0 the $%
&,&te(0 internationa. or+ani&ation& and %4!&. /i?e coordination de&k& ha-e
been &et up at the I%4" to *aci.itate thi&. A $% a+enc,0 an Internationa.
or+ani?ation or %4! ha& kind., a+reed to be a&&i+ned to each o* the&e de&k& to
&upport the re&pon&ib.e +o-ern(ent depart(ent. !ne repre&entati-e each o* the
nationa. 4o-ern(ent depart(ent& concerned and the &ectora. .ead a+encie&
(entioned be.o are (annin+ the &ectora. de&k& e-er, da, *ro( 1530 hour& to
1730 hour&.
1. 2ood (:26)
2. Hea.th (:H!)
3. /he.terFacco((odation& centre&F non *ood (I28"/)
4. :ater L &anitation Fin*ra&tructure ($%I"92)
5. #ran&portFcu&to(&Fco((unication&('2I')
6. In*or(ation ($%'6)
DailD 22 hrs coordination briefin=
#he dai., coordination brie*in+ at 1100 hr& (duration 30 (inute&) i..
out.ine &trate+, and report on pro+re&&. 9ach o* the de&k& i.. ho.d their on
&ector coordination (eetin+& a& appropriate ith a.. or+ani?ation& in-o.-ed in that
&ector. 'ate& and ti(in+ o* &ector (eetin+& i.. be po&ted on the "oordination
"entre notice board. In*or(ation pro-ided to the "entre i.. be &hared and (ade
a-ai.ab.e to a.. concerned and i.. be inte+rated into the dai., &ituation report&.
%ationa. 4o-ern(ent depart(ent& in-ite the hu(anitarian co((unit,
($%0 8ed "ro&&0 %4!&) a& e.. a& internationa. cooperation partner& to attend
thi& (eetin+. #he purpo&e i.. be to1
200
4i-e an in*or(ation update
6ro-ide &ector brie*in+& on prioritie& and .ate&t de-e.op(ent&
DailD A=enda
1. :eather *oreca&t
2. In*or(ation update on &tatu& o* *.oodin+Fda( &ituation
3. $pdate on nationa. re.ie* e**ort& (7r&. Pa(i&&a0 Head o* "oordination
"entre0 I%4")
4. /ector brie*in+&
5. Announce(ent& o* *inancia. and For inAkind donation&
Functions of the sector desks
It i& i(portant that both the +o-ern(ent depart(ent& and de&i+nated
internationa. or+ani?ation& are repre&ented at the I%4" coordination centreJ
#o de-e.op a c.ear &trate+, *or the &ector
#o identi*, prioritie&
#o re&o.-e prob.e(& a& the, ari&e
#o attract donor& *or &peci*ic pro=ect& ithin the &ector
#here i.. be a orkin+ (etin+ *or head& o* de&k& e-er, e-enin+ at 1700
hr& at the coordination centre.
F#3 (tructure and Establishment of an On site Operations
Coordination Centre (O(OCC!
F#3#2 *ntroduction
201
9&tab.i&hin+ an !n &ite !peration& "oordination "entre (!/!"") i& one
o* the *unction& an $%'A" tea( i.. *re)uent., be a&ked to per*or(. #he &i?e
and *unction& o* the !/!"" i.. -ar, in each e(er+enc,. Hoe-er0 it& ba&ic
&tructure ou.d be a& +i-en be.o. #he $%'A" tea( &hou.d (odi*, thi& to &uit
the re)uire(ent& o* the &ituation.
A& !/!"" ha& *our (ain ob=ecti-e&J
1. #o pro-ide a &,&te( *or coordinatin+ and directin+ the acti-itie& o* an
internationa. re.ie* e**ort at the &ite o* a di&a&terF e(er+enc,J
2. #o pro-ide a *ra(eork *or cooperation and coordination a(on+ the
internationa. hu(anitarian entitie& at a di&a&terFe(er+enc, &iteJ and
3. #o act a& a .ink beteen &uch entitie& and the a**ected countr,H&
authoritie&.
4. In an earth)uake &cenario0 to coordinate the acti-itie& o* internationa. /A8
tea(&.
4eneral
An !/!"" i& de&i+nated to *aci.itate the coordination o* the internationa.
re.ie* co((unit, in a di&a&terFe(er+enc,. #he !/!"" concept a& ori+ina..,
de-e.oped b, the Internationa. /earch and 8e&cue Ad-i&or, 4roup (I%/A8A4)
and the then $nited %ation 'epart(ent o* Hu(anitarian A**air& ('HA) to a&&i&t
a**ected countrie& in coordinatin+ internationa. &earch and re&cue tea(& in the
a*ter(ath a cata&trophic earth)uake. Hoe-er0 the e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent
princip.e& behind the !/!""H& &cope0 &tructure and procedure& (ake the
!/!"" a -a.id too. in an, &uddenAon&et di&a&ter in-o.-in+ internationa. re.ie*
re&ource& at a di&a&ter &cene.
202
#he !/!"" &,&te( i& de&i+ned a& a rapid re&pon&e too.. #o be e**ecti-e0
it &hou.d be initiated in the i((ediate a*ter(ath o* a di&a&terFe(er+enc, and
be*ore0 or &i(u.taneou&., ith0 the arri-a. o* internationa. re.ie* re&ource&. It i&
e;pected that an !/!"" in &o(e *ro( ou.d be operationa. durin+ the *ir&t0
re.ie* pha&e o* an e(er+enc, unti. the nationa.F.oca. authoritie& andF or the
traditiona. $% &tructure can cope ith the coordination o* internationa. re&ource&
or unti. the internationa. re.ie* re&ource& (eetin+ e(er+enc, re)uire(ent& ha-e
been ithdran.
9ach internationa. re.ie* tea( pre&ent at the di&a&ter &ite ha& a
re&pon&ibi.it, toard& the e**ecti-e *unctionin+ o* the !/!"" and the e**icient
coordination o* it& operation ith tho&e o* .oca. and nationa. re.ie* re&ource& a&
e.. a& ith other internationa. tea(&.
F#3#2# O(OCC (tructure
#he !/!"" can be &tructure into *i-e *unctiona. area&. %ot a.. are needed
in e-er, e(er+enc,.
6ri(ar, "oordination 2unction&
!peration&F6ro+ra((e "oordination
(a) "urrent !peration&
(b) 6.annin+
In*or(ation co..ectionF 'i&&e(ination
(a) "o..ection
(b) Ana.,&i& and 7I/
(c) 8eportin+
Au;i.iar, "oordination 2unction&1
#e.eco((unication& "oordination
203
(a) "oordination
(b) %etork 7ana+e(ent
<o+i&tic& /upport and "oordination
(a) coordinate
/ecurit,
(a) &upport the 'e&i+nated !**icia. and hi&Fher &ta**
(b) 2aci.itate /ecurit, "oordination hen nece&&ar,
O(OCC ,ana=ement
#he (ana+e(ent con&i&t& o* the !/!"" 7ana+er0 ho ha& o-era..
re&pon&ibi.it, o* the e**icient runnin+ and (ana+e(ent o* a.. *unction&. He ork&
c.o&e., to+ether ith the he.d o* each *unction. I* an $%'A" tea( i& pro-idin+
the core !/!"" &ta**0 the $%'A" tea( .eader i.. nor(a.., be the !/!""
(ana+er.
O(OCC (upport
In (an, ca&e&0 &upport in the *or( o* technica. and hu(an re&ource& i&
nece&&ar, *or the !/!"" to *unction e**ecti-e.,. :hen needed0 the&e re&ource&
ou.d0 a& *ar a& po&&ib.e0 be pro-ided b, !"HAH& e;terna. re&ource& partner&
(&ee "hapter 4)0 in the *or( o* a &upport tea( ith the nece&&ar, e)uip(ent.
#he (ain area& o* &upport are1 ad(ini&tration and I#0 te.eco((unication&0
tran&port0 and acco((odation&.
204
"he On 5site Operations and Coordination Centre
An !/!"" &hou.d be e&tab.i&hed ith enou+h *.e;ibi.it, to ad=u&t to the
(a+nitude and co(p.e;it, o* a di&a&ter. 'ependin+ on the &i?e o* the area
a**ected0 the !/!"" i.. need to e;pand or to pro-ide the appropriate .e-e. o*
coordination .inked to the or+ani?ation o* the nationa. e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent
&tructure.
In e&tab.i&hin+ the !/!""0 the !/!"" (ana+e(ent contact& the .oca.
authoritie& or the 8e&identF Hu(anitarian coordinator to recei-e direction0
e&tab.i&h .oca. prioritie& and identi*, the current &tate o* re.ie* ork and point& *o
contact. "ontact i& e&tab.i&hed ith !"HA in 4ene-a and other re.ie*
or+ani?ation& in the a**ected area. An initia. /ituation 8eport i& prepared0 ba&ed
on in*or(ation +athered on the area a**ected b, the di&a&ter0 the da(a+e
205
%ationa. Authoritie&
Internationa.
!r+ani&ation&
I(p.e(entin+
Head)uarter&
8eception "entre
/ubA !/!"" (&)
!/!""
"oordination
7ana+er
/upport
7ana+er
!peration L
6ro+ra(&
Ad(ini&tration
In*or(ation
(ana+e(ent
#e.e
"o((unication&
#ran&port
Acco((odation
/ecurit, L
&a*et,
&u&tained and the popu.ation a**ected. I* needed0 the !/!"" identi*ie& po&&ib.e
point& o* entr, to the di&a&terF e(er+enc, area b, internationa. re.ie* tea(& and
e&tab.i&hed a 8eception "entre (&)0 to &tart recei-in+ and re+i&terin+ internationa.
tea(&. #hi& i& the .e-e. an $%'A" tea( ou.d nor(a.., *unction in.
A& the !/!"" beco(e& *u.., en+a+ed in coordination it& ro.e and
acti-itie& are e;panded to (eet the re)uire(ent& dictated b, the &ituation0 the
authoritie& andF or the $%. #he !/!""0 to+ether ith the .oca. authoritie&0 the
8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator0 internationa. tea(& and re.ie* a+encie&
pre&ent0 i.. de-e.op an operationa. p.an o* action0 up+rade it& co((unication&
and a&&e&&(ent& and introduce &,&te(& and procedure& to &u&tain a pro.on+ed
co((it(ent. #hi& i& the .e-e. hich a $%'A" tea( (a, occa&iona.., *unction.
#hen i.. be occa&ion& hen the !/!"" i.. need to e;pand& in a
&peci*ic area(&) ithin it& *unctiona. or &tructura. re&pon&ibi.itie& to (eet
additiona. operationa. de(and& re)ue&ted o* it b, the authoritie&0 the 8e&ident
FHu(anitarian coordinator0 andF or he internationa. re.ie* re&ource& pre&ent on
&ite.
#o (eet the&e &peci*ic need&0 the !/!"" i.. re)uire additiona.
re&ource& and &pecia.i?ed &ta** to (ana+e the &pecia. re)uire(ent& o* the
e(er+enc, &ituation. #he&e re)uire(ent& (a, be pertinent to &ectora. re&pon&e
&uch a& (edica. need&0 &anitation and &he.ter or to the e;panded &upport o* an
e(er+enc, operation in &uch area& a& .o+i&tic& and co((unication&.
#he e;pan&ion o* !/!"" *unction& &hou.d be (ade ithin the ba&ic
&tructure o* the !/!"" &o a& not up&et it& +enera. operationa. procedure& or
.ine& o* co((and. #hi& .e-e. i& nor(a.., app.icab.e to a co(p.e; e(er+enc, and
i.. not be di&cu&&ed in detai. in thi& handbook.
206
#o e;ecute the !/!"" 7ana+e(ent and /upport to pri(ar, *unction&
and the three au;i.iar, *unction&0 the !/!"" ha& a 7ana+e(ent and /upport
&tructure a& &hon be.o1
,ana=ement
!/!"" 7ana+e(ent i& re&pon&ib.e *or pro-idin+ o-era.. direction *or
!/!"" acti-itie& and coordination a(on+ internationa. re.ie* re&ource& pre&ent
at the di&a&ter &ite0 in&urin+ &(ooth0 continuou& .iai&on ith the authoritie& and
!"HA. !/!"" 7ana+e(ent i& &ituated ithin !/!"" head)uarter&.
!/!"" 7ana+e(ent i& .ed b, the coordination (ana+er0 ho ha& o-era..
re&pon&ibi.it, *or the e**icient runnin+ and (ana+e(ent o* a.. !/!"" *unction&.
!perationa. condition& and de(and& i.. dictate the *unction& the !/!""
7ana+e(ent need& to addre&&0 *or e;a(p.eJ
9&tab.i&h contact ith the authoritie& and the 8e&identF Hu(anitarian
"oordinator.
9&tab.i&h contact ith other re.ie* a+encie&.
8ecei-e the authoritie& andFor 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinatorH& appro-a.
to initiate the !/!"".
A+ree on hat in*or(ation i& re)uired *ro( the !/!""0 in hat *or( and
ho o*ten i* &hou.d be pre&ented.
8ecei-e prioritie& *or re.ie* acti-itie&.
8ecei-e a &cope o* acti-itie& *or the !/!"".
Identi*, indi-idua.& to &ta** the !/!"" and their (ain area& o* re&pon&ibi.it,.
"onduct !/!"" interna. (eetin+& and brie*in+&.
6ro-ide the nece&&ar, .eader&hip0 ad-ice and +uidance to +uarantee a
&(ooth0 e**icient e(er+enc, operation.
207
"onduct coordination (eetin+& ith authoritie& and repre&entati-e& o*
internationa. re.ie* re&ource& a& appropriate.
'e&i+n0 i(p.e(ent0 (onitor0 re-i&e and &et prioritie& *or the !/!""H& o-era..
p.an o* action.
<iai&e c.o&e., ith the authoritie&.
9&tab.i&h +uide.ine& *or contact& ith the (edia.
(upport
/upport i& re&pon&ib.e *or &upportin+ a.. !/!"" *unction& and the
ad(ini&tration0 te.eco((unication&0 tran&portin+ and acco((odation *or the
!/!"".
/upport i& &ituated ithin !/!"" head)uarter& and i& .ed b, the !/!""
/upport (ana+er. #he /upport 7ana+er report& to the !/!"" "oordination
7ana+er.
*nformation Collection E Dissemination
2or action on in*or(ation co..ection and di&&e(ination re*er to chapter 4
o* the handbook e&pecia.., /ection 4.3.4.
1. Ad(ini&tration
/et up an Ad(ini&trati-e "e...
6.an Ad(ini&trati-e re)uire(ent&.
'ocu(ent and *i.e inco(in+ and out+oin+ (e&&a+e&.
Introduce ad(ini&trati-e &,&te(& and procedure&0 inc.udin+ .o++in+ and *i.in+.
7ana+e *inancia. &upport *or !/!"" acti-itie&.
6rocure and (ana+e interpretation &er-ice&.
208
!r+ani?e !/!"" &ta**in+ pattern& and &tatu&.
6rocure (ap&0 board&0 &tationer, and other &upport (ateria.& nece&&ar, *or
the !/!"".
Arran+e (eetin+&0 brie*in+&0 etc.0 at the re)ue&t o* the !/!"" "oordination
7ana+er.
6repare *ina. docu(entation packa+e *or appropriate o**icia.&.
Arran+e *or ad(ini&trati-e &upport per&onne. and e)uip(ent a& appropriate.
9&tab.i&h a (ai. receptionFdi&tributionFin*or(ation *oca. point *or re.ie*
a+encie&.
2. #e.eco((unication&
#he !/!"" ba&ic te.eco((unication& acti-itie& &hou.d inc.ude1
9&tab.i&h and (aintain a <A% ith &u**icient nu(ber o* co(puter&.
9&tab.i&h internationa. co((unication&.
9&tab.i&h co((unication& ith the !/!"" 8eception "entre.
7aintain a .o+ o* inco(in+ and out+oin+ co((unication&.
#he&e acti-itie& (a, a.&o inc.ude1
6ro-ide and (aintain te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent *or the !/!"" and
8eception "entre.
/et up a "o((unication "e...
"oordinate ith the a**ected countr,H& te.eco((unication& o**icia.& to en&ure
proper te.eco((unication &,&te( de&i+n
'e-e.op and i(p.e(ent an !/!"" co((unication& p.an.
/u&tain the co((unication re)uire(ent& *or the duration o* the (i&&ion.
9n&ure that the "o((unication& "e.. i& (anned at a.. ti(e&.
209
7onitor0 ana.,?e and a&&e&& a.. co((unication& tra**ic.
3. #ran&port
#ran&port i& a ke, i&&ue *or the &ucce&&*u. operation o* the !/!"". #o
en&ure an e**ecti-e0 e**icient and &a*e tran&port (ana+e(ent &,&te( the
*o..oin+ point& &hou.d be taken into account1
9n&ure ade)uate tran&portation to (eet the need& o* the !/!"" *unction&.
9&tab.i&h a trackin+ &,&te( o* a.. -ehic.e&.
9&tab.i&h a &er-ice and (aintenance &chedu.e.
9n&ure acce&& to ork&hop *or &er-ice.
5. Acco((odation&0 !/!"" 7aintenance0 and >oard
9n&ure ade)uate acco((odation& *or !/!"" &ta**.
9n&ureFe&tab.i&h (aintain the nece&&ar, technica. need& (e.+. e.ectricit,0
.i+htin+ etc.) to run and &u&tain the !/!"".
9n&ure that board i& a-ai.ab.e hen nece&&ar,.
O(OCC (taffin=
/ta**in+ *or the !/!"" i.. co(e *ro( the a**ected countr, and !"HA.
!ther &ource& o* &ta**in+ (a, inc.ude $% a+encie&0 e(ba&&ie&0 %4!H& and
I4!H&.
9ach internationa. re.ie* tea( (hether it pro-ide& &ta** to the !/!"" or
not) &hou.d identi*, an indi-idua. *ro( it& te( to act a& a .iai&on ith the !/!""0
to en&ure that a.. tea(& contribute to the coordination o* the di&a&ter re&pon&e.
210
#he nu(ber o* &ta** needed to *u.*i. !/!"" *unction& i.. depend on the
-o.u(e and co(p.e;it, o* acti-itie& at the !/!"" and 8eception "entre0 a& e..
a& on the nu(ber o* ork period& per da, that the !/!"" i.. be *unctionin+.
'ependin+ on the (a+nitude o* the di&a&terFe(er+enc, and &ta** re&ource&
a-ai.ab.e0 &o(e *unction& ithin each (ain area o* re&pon&ibi.it, (a, re)uire
(ore than one per&on0 hi.e &e-era. other *unction& (a, be (ana+ed
&i(u.taneou&., be one per&on.
:hen an !/!"" i& initia.., acti-ated0 the ork.oad (a, re)uire a 24A
hourAperAda, co((it(ent. #here*ore0 hen con&iderin+ the nu(ber o*
indi-idua.& needed *ro( a re.ie* tea( or tea(& to &ta** the !/!""0 a (ini(u( to
to ork &hi*t& to co-er 24 hour& &hou.d be taken into account. #hi& cou.d (ean
at .ea&t a doub.in+ o* the &ta** and nu(ber o* indi-idua.& *i..in+ di**erent !/!""
*unction&.
#he (ini(u( !/!"" &ta**in+ &hou.d inc.ude1
!/!"" 7ana+e(ent 1
!/!"" /upportF #e.eco((& 1
!/!"" !peration&F 6ro+ra((e 1
!/!"" In*or(ation F/ecurit, 1
!/!"" <o+i&tic& L Ad(ini&tration 1 (8eception "entre)
/ta**in+ o* the !/!"" &hou.d be co(p.e(ented ith additiona. &ta** a&
the, beco(e a-ai.ab.e0 i.e. hen )ua.i*ied per&onne. arri-e at the di&a&ter &ite.
#he a+ree(ent and i..in+ne&& to co((it per&onne. and e)uip(ent to an
!/!"" (a, be a &i+ni*icant undertakin+ *or a re.ie* tea(. 6.annin+ *or thi&
po&&ibi.it, (a, in-o.-e additiona. trainin+ *or re.ie* tea( (e(ber& and the
procure(ent o* additiona. e)uip(ent. I& i& crucia. that0 a& (ore internationa.
211
re.ie* tea( arri-e0 the, (u&t be i..in+ to &upport the per&onne. and e)uip(ent
need& o* the !/!"". It (u&t a.a,& be re(e(bered that an !/!"" i& the
re&pon&ibi.it, o* a.. internationa. re.ie* tea(& and de&i+ned *or their e**icient
inte+ration into the re&cue operation.
A.. per&onne. orkin+ in an !/!"" &hou.d *u.*i.. the *o..oin+
re)uire(ent&1
>e e..Ae;perienced in operationa. e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent.
>e ab.e to i(pro-i&e and u&e per&ona. re&ource*u.ne&& under condition& o*
.i(ited acce&& to *aci.itie&0 e)uip(ent0 &upp.ie& and per&onne..
>, ph,&ica.., *it and ab.e to ork under ad-er&e condition&.
Ha-e +ood coordinatin+ &ki..& and de(on&trated abi.it, to be a tea( p.a,er.
>e ab.e to co((unicate e**ecti-e.,0 both ora.., and in ritin+.
Ha-e appropriate *orei+n .an+ua+e &ki..&.
Ha-e pre-iou& o-er&ea& orkin+ e;perience.
O(OCC EGuipment
!/!"" re)uire(ent& *or e)uip(ent i.. -ar, dependin+ on the di&a&ter
&ituation and the .e-e. at hich the !/!"" i.. operate.
Internationa. re.ie* tea(& hich accept the !/!"" concept (u&t rea.i?e
that it entai.& a co((it(ent to a&&i&t in e)uippin+ and &upp., a "entre *ro( their
tea(H& on e)uip(ent and &upp.ie&. #he *ir&t re.ie* tea( to arri-e (hich (a, &et
up the "entre and the 8eception "entre) (a, ha-e to &hare &o(e o* it&
re&ource& to enab.e the !/!"" to *unction.
F#3#3 Common ,istakes durin= the set@up of the O(OCC
$lannin= for the O(OCC
212
O(OCC Chief is not clearlD appointed1 !ne per&on (not the $%'A" tea(
.eader) ha& to be appointed chie* o* the !/!"" be*ore the !/!"" &etup.
Hi&Fher ta&k i& to p.an *or the !/!"" &etup and to &uper-i&e F&upport
acti-itie& o* !/!"" &ta** in or+ani?in+ their ork.
"he plannin= phase for the O(OCC set@up is skipped1 It i& e&&entia. to
&pend enou+h ti(e *or the p.annin+ o* the !/!"" &etAup. #he ro.e&0 ta&k&
and e;pected re&u.t& o* the ork o* it& (e(ber& and interaction beteen it&
(e(ber& ha-e to be c.ear., de*ined. It ha& to be c.ear to a.. !/!""
(e(ber& ho the !/!"" i.. *unction0 ho p.a,& hat ro.e0 and hat it&
output i.. be.
O(OCC members haCe no clearlD appointed tasks. 9-er, !/!"" &ta**
(e(ber ha& to kno -er, c.ear., hi&Fher ta&k& and hat the e;pected re&u.t
o* hi&Fher ork &hou.d be. 9ach !/!"" (e(ber a.&o ha& to ha-e a c.ear
under&tandin+ o* the ta&k& o* other (e(ber&0 and ho on acti-itie& re.ate to
other&.
(etup of O(OCC
*nformation mana=ement cell is eFposed to public interaction> #he
in*or(ation 7ana+e(ent ce.. o* the !/!"" ha& to be in a )uiet p.ace0 hich
i& not acce&&ib.e to pub.ic. In the In*or(ation 7ana+e(ent ce..0 a.. in*or(ation
*ro( reception centre&0 &ectora. de&k&0 a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion&0 and an, other
&ource& are co(pi.ed and ana.,?ed and put into the nece&&ar, *or(at *or
output ('ataba&e&0 /itrept&0 chart&0 eA(ai.&0 *actA&heet&). #he In*or(ation
7ana+e(ent "e.. i& the core e.e(ent o* the !/!"". An e**ecti-e in*or(ation
e;chan+e ith a.. other !/!"" e.e(ent& (e.+. /ectora. 'e&k&) ha& to be
e&tab.i&hed.
UNDAC (upport ,odule staff is not inte=rated in the O(OCC> 6er&onne.
*ro( $%'A" &upport (odu.e& are u&ua.., -er, e;perienced and &hou.d be
*or(a.., inc.uded in the p.annin+ proce&& o* the !/!"". #he, &hou.d be
a&&i+ned concrete ta&k& accordin+ to their back+round0 e-en be,ond the
213
ph,&ica. e&tab.i&h(ent o* the !/!"" (e.+. a&&e&&(ent0 in*or(ation
(ana+e(ent0 .o+i&tic&)
)ackin= cro:d mana=ement> the !/!"" &hou.d e&tab.i&h &o(e &ort o*
crod (ana+e(ent (e.+. reception de&k at the entrance) to a-oid
uncontro..ed pub.ic interaction.
%elation :ith NationalElocal authorities
Contact :ith nationalElocal authorities is established too late> <oca.
(ci-i.F(i.itar,0 authoritie&0 ho are in-o.-ed in the re.ie* operation&0 ha-e to be
contacted b, the $%'A" #ea( .eader a& &oon a& po&&ib.e. #he, &hou.d be
brie*ed on the ro.e o* the $%'A"F!/!"" and arran+e(ent& *or (utua.
in*or(ation e;chan+e and .iai&on at a.. .e-e.& &hou.d be (ade.
<isits to nationalElocal authorities (ciCil EmilitarD! are too informal1 Ei&it&
to nationa.F.oca. authoritie& &hou.d be ai(ed at the hi+he&t po&&ib.e .e-e.
(4o-ernor0 4enera.) ith a *or(a. de.e+ation o* the $%'A" #ea( or !/!"".
A concept *or the (eetin+ &hou.d be prepared in ad-ance (ho do e pre&ent
our&e.-e&0 hat topic& do e co-er0 hat do e o**er0 hat do e re)ue&t0
etc.).
%elation :ith international %elief Actors
Humanitarian Actors learn too late about the eFistenceErole of the
O(OCC> it i& i(portant to approach internationa. re.ie* actor& ear., and
arran+e in*or(a. (eetin+&. #o contact internationa. actor& it i& &o(eti(e&
u&e*u. to u&e nationa. entitie&F in*ra&tructure (cu&to(&0 (i.itar,0 arehou&e&0
etc.) to (ake tho&e actor& aare o* !/!"" acti-itie& (e.+. announce dai.,
(eetin+ and contact detai.&).
)iaison Officers
214
)iaison Officers are not inte=rated in the O(OCC structure> .iai&on
o**icer& ho are (ade a-ai.ab.e b, nationa.F.oca. authoritie& or other
hu(anitarian actor&0 ha-e to be *or(a.., inte+rated into the !/!"" &tructure.
#hi& re)uire a *ir( a+ree(ent on kind and duration o* their u&e ith their
&endin+ or+ani?ation. <iai&on per&on ha-e to be a&&i+ned concrete ta&k&
ithin the conte;t o* the !/!"" acti-itie&. #he, ha-e to c.ear., under&tand
the re&u.t& the, are e;pected to de.i-er.
*nformation EFchan=e
*nformation is not updated and maintained> in*or(ation on p.anned
acti-itie& (a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion&0) !/!"" &ta**in+ (.iai&on per&on&0
-o.unteer&0 tran&.ator&)0 contact per&on& in +o-ern(ent and re.ie* a+encie&0
.ocation&0 &chedu.ed (eetin+&0 etc. i& not &,&te(atica.., updateF(aintained in
the !/!"" at an ear., &ta+e. #here*ore !/!"" &ta** (i+ht not be updated
on the current &tatu& the operation. #o coordinate thi& e**ort cou.d be a critica.
ta&k o* the Ad(ini&tration "e...
F#3#. EFample for the assi=nment of tasks for O(OCC staff
UNDAC "eam leader
"ask> a& o**icia. !"HA repre&entati-e0 heF&he &hou.d (ake contact& at
hi+he&t po&&ib.e .e-e. ith nationa. authoritie&0 the $% 8e&ident "oordinator
and re.ie* a+encie& to en&ure acceptance and &upport *or the !/!"".
EFpected %esult1 9**ecti-e &upport b, a.. counterpart&
O(OCC@ Chief
"ask> de-e.op the 7i&&ion /tate(ent0 6.an o* Action and an A&&i+n(ent 6.an
*or the !/!"" and &uper-i&e the ork o* !/!"" per&onne.. In cooperation
215
ith the $%'A" #ea( <eader0 the !/!""A"hie* &hou.d *aci.itate the
or+ani?ation o* re&ource& to enhance the e**ecti-ene&& o* the !/!"".
EFpected %esult> en&ure& that !/!"" &ta** i& (o&t e**ecti-e., u&ed and that
the !/!"" produce& the e;pected output
AdministratiCe Officers
"ask> or+ani?e& the interna. orkA*.o o* the !/!"" and en&ure that
!/!"" &ta** i& con&tant., updated on the current in*or(ation (acti-itie&0
per&onne.0 contact&0 (eetin+&0 etc.) 9&tab.i&he& a reception de&k0 na(eAta+&0
etc. *or e**ecti-e crod (ana+e(ent.
EFpected %esult> Interna. or+ani?ation o* the !/!"".
*nformation ,ana=ement Officer
"ask> co(pi.e and ana.,?e the in*or(ation input *ro( out&ide &ource&
(reception centre&0 a&&e&&(ent report&0 &ituation report&0 (edia0 etc.) and
con-ert it into appropriate output *or(at *or &takeho.der& (/itrep&0 databa&e&0
chart&0 etc.). #he In*or(ation 7ana+e(ent !**icer ork& in c.o&e cooperation
ith a.. other !/!"" e.e(ent&.
EFpected %esult> 6ro-i&ion o* ti(e., output o* ana.,?ed in*or(ation in
appropriate *or(at.
Communication Officers
"ask> e&tab.i&h and (aintain technica. co((unication .ink& throu+h eA(ai.0
&atAphone and (ana+e a.. technica. interna. co((unication i&&ue& (EH2
radio&)0 (aintain contact .i&t and co((unication& p.an o* !/!"" &ta** and
re.ie* actor&.
216
EFpected %esult> 6h,&ica. &etAup o* interna. and e;terna. co((unication
and (aintenance o* contact& .i&t and co((unication& p.an.
Operations Officer
"ask> (aintain an o-er-ie o* on+oin+ re.ie* acti-itie& and de-e.op an
inte+rated p.an *or a&&e&&(ent in cooperation ith nationa. authoritie& and
internationa. re.ie* actor&. :ork& in c.o&e cooperation ith the In*or(ation
7ana+e(ent !**icer.
EFpected %esult> 6.an o* Action *or a&&e&&(ent and re.ie* acti-itie&
,edia Officer
"ask> hand.e a.. (ediaAinteraction and prepare (ediaA*act &heet about the
!/!"" a& e.. a& an update o* &tati&tic& *or di&tribution to (edia
EFpected %esult> a con&tructi-e re.ation&hip ith nationa.F.oca. and
internationa. (edia.
)o=istics Officer
"ask> pro-ide .o+i&tic &upport to the !/!"" and e&tab.i&h .ink ith
.oca.Fnationa. .o+i&tic& entitie& and in other re.ie* or+ani?ation&.
EFpected %esult> .o+i&tic& &upport *or the !/!"" and *or(a. .ink& to a..
.o+i&tic& entitie& o* the re.ie* operation.
)iaison Officer>
"ask> e&tab.i&h *or(a. in*or(ation e;chan+e beteen the !/!"" and
re&pecti-e or+ani?ation and participate in re.ated (eetin+&.
217
EFpected %esult> &,&te(atic in*or(ation e;chan+e beteen the !/!""
and re&pecti-e or+ani?ation.
(ecuritD Officer
"askH (onitor the &ecurit, &ituation and e&tab.i&h re+u.ar in*or(ation
e;chan+e ith the $% /ecurit, !**icer ('e&i+nated !**icia.) and &ecurit,
o**icer& *ro( other re.ie* actor&. $pdate !/!"" &ta** and re.ie* actor& on the
&ecurit, in*or(ation. 'e-e.op a &ecurit, p.an *or the !/!"" (inc.udin+
e-acuation p.an0 i* nece&&ar,)
EFpected %esult> &ecurit, p.an and periodic update on the &ecurit,
in*or(ation.
F#. 6orkin= :ith the ,ilitarD in the Field
Disaster %elief
:hen the (i.itar, i& in-o.-ed in di&a&ter re.ie* acti-itie&0 (i.itar, a&&et& are
pro-ided pri(ari., to &upp.e(ent or co(p.e(ent the re.ie* e**ort& o* the a**ected
countr,H& ci-i. authoritie& or o* the hu(anitarian re.ie* co((unit,. #hi& &upport
(a, inc.ude pro-idin+ .o+i&tic&0 tran&portation0 air*ie.d (ana+e(ent0
co((unication&0 (edica. &upport0 di&tribution o* re.ie* co((oditie&0 or &ecurit,.
Characteristics of ,ilitarD Culture
2# Or=ani;ational Culture
7o&t or+ani?ation& ha-e a di&tinct or+ani?ationa. cu.ture0 an o*ten
unritten &et o* ru.e& re+u.ation&0 -iepoint&0 per&pecti-e&0 and operatin+
procedure&. #hi& cu.ture i& ba&ed on the uni)ue hi&tor,0 (i&&ion0 &tructure0 and
218
.eader&hip o* the or+ani?ation. #he (i.itar,H& di&tinct or+ani?ationa. cu.ture i&
re*.ected in the characteri&tic& .i&ted be.o. #he&e characteri&tic&0 hich (ake
the (i.itar, -er, e**ecti-e in co(bat0 (a, *ru&trate re.ie* or+ani?ation per&onne.0
ho (a, *ind the (i.itar, in*.e;ib.e. $%'A" (e(ber& ho are (ore aare o* the
(i.itar, en-iron(ent and cu.ture i.. be (ore prepared to dea. ith the
*ru&tration& o* re.ie* co((unit, (e(ber& ho ha-e not dea.t ith (i.itar,.
Here are &o(e o* the (ain characteri&tic&1
Hi+h., &tructured0 hierarchica.0 chainAo* co((and.
Authoritarian0 3:hoH& in char+eK5
4oa. oriented0 3:hatH& the (i&&ionK5 (both e;p.icit and i(p.ied).
8u.e& and re+u.ation& run the or+ani?ation.
6roce&& and &chedu.in+ are adhered to0 3dai., batt.e rh,th(.H
:ork ethic0 3ork hard0 p.a, hard.5
Hi+h., co(petiti-e.
8e&pect *or tradition.
8e&pect *or ph,&ica. and (enta. tou+hne&&.
8e&pect *or a+e
#rainin+ priorit, i& an co(bat readine&&.
9(pha&i& on batt.e &ki..&.
9(pha&i& on ph,&ica. *itne&&.
9(pha&i& on e)uip(ent (aintenance.
#rained to be in&en&iti-e *or batt.e*ie.d &ur-i-a..
#rained to be &ecreti-e *or operationa. &ecurit,.
<eader& are tau+ht to be a&&erti-e0 deci&i-e0 tenaciou&0 and con*ident. 37ake
a deci&ion and (ake it noQ5
"oncept& &uch a& cooperation0 co..aboration0 and nonAcon*or(it, are
a-oided.
219
#he *o..oin+ &ection de&cribe& ho the (i.itar,H& cu.tura. nor(& (a, be
di&p.a,ed to the re.ie* co((unit, durin+ an operation.
2# ,eetin=s
7i.itar, per&onne. e;pect (eetin+& to be hi+h., &tructured and e**icient.,
(ana+ed. A .eader i& e;pected to .i&ten to &uccinct pre&entation&0 u&ua..,
con&i&tin+ o* o-erhead&0 or &.ide& o* the i&&ue&0 and to (ake c.ear deci&ion&
ithout he&itation. #he i.. co(e to (eetin+& e;pectin+ e-er,one to .ea-e ith
their 3(archin+ order&.5 7eetin+ attended b, autono(ou& a+encie& e;pectin+ a
con&en&u& approach to i&&ue re&o.ution (a, be -ieed b, the (i.itar, a& .ackin+
a .eader. /o(e (i.itar, per&onne. i.. =ud+e &uch (eetin+& a& eak in .eader&hip
and ine**icient and (a, atte(pt to a&&ert .eader&hip intendin+ to he.p. !ther&
(a, beco(e -er, *ru&trated0 .o&e intere&t0 and not participate.
3# Coordination
"oncern *or operationa. &ecurit, i.. .ike., re&u.t in a re.uctance to &hare
in*or(ation about p.anned acti-itie&0 a.thou+h the (i.itar, can be e;pected to
ant inAdepth in*or(ation about ci-i.ian acti-itie&. #he (i.itar, i.. re&pond e.. to
c.ear., &tated (i&&ion&0 e**icient proce&&0 or+ani?ation0 re&pon&ibi.it,0 and
co(petence. It i.. =ud+e har&h., an, operation eak in the&e area& and (a,
&ho in&en&iti-it, hen e;pre&&in+ that =ud+(ent.
.# Operational <ie: of the ,ission
/o(e (i.itar, .eader& (a, be concerned that hu(anitarian operation&
de+rade co(bat readine&&. /en&iti-it, to &u**erin+ (a, not be -ieed a& a -irtue
on the batt.e*ie.d. #hi& (a, re&u.t in a de&ire to (ini(i?e participation in &o(e
operation&. A.thou+h hu(anitarian operation& (a, be -ieed ith (i;ed *ee.in+&
220
or+ani?ationa..,0 the (i.itar, i& e;ce..ent at duti*u.., e;ecutin+ nationa. direction. I*
that direction i& c.ear., to &upport hu(anitarian operation&0 the re&pon&e can be
de.i-ered e**ecti-e., ith a &in+.eA(inded purpo&e.
8# DeploDment
#he (i.itar, dep.o,& ith a co(parati-e., hi+h &tandard o* &upport0 and
the nu(ber o* per&onne.0 &upport packa+e&0 and 3ba++a+eH (a, &ee(
e;ce&&i-e. #hi& &upport i& de&i+nated to (ake the (i.itar, a& &e.*A&u&tainin+ and
&e.*Are.iant a& po&&ib.e. #he (i.itar, &upport &,&te(& can be u&ed to a&&i&t
di&p.aced ci-i.ian&. Hoe-er0 the (i.itar, &tandard& o* &upport di**er& *ro(
hu(anitarian re.ie* a+enc, &tandard&.
:hat the (i.itar, i.. be con&tant., tr,in+ to a-oid i& (i&&ion creep0 hich
occur& hen ar(ed *orce& take on broader or additiona. (i&&ion& than tho&e *or
hich the, initia.., p.anned.
!-erridin+ a.. other prioritie& i.. be interna. *orce protection. 2orce
protection i& the &ecurit, pro+ra( de&i+ned to e(pha&i?e the protection o*
&o.dier&0 ci-i.ian e(p.o,ee&0 *aci.itie&0 and e)uip(ent that are part o* the (i.itar,
or+ani?ation&. Ho *orce protection i& i(p.e(ented (a, ha-e an e**ect on ho0
here and hen the (i.itar, i.. beco(e in-o.-ed in re.ie* acti-itie&.
9ach (i.itar, operation i.. ha-e ru.e o* en+a+e(ent (8!9)0 hich
de.ineate the circu(&tance& and .i(itation& under hich he (i.itar, i.. initiate or
continue co(bat en+a+e(ent. #he 8!9 i& turn0 i.. ha-e &i+ni*icant i(pact& on
di&a&ter re.ie* operation&0 a**ectin+ *reedo( o* (o-e(ent0 &ecurit,0 .o+i&tic&0 and
the perception o* neutra.it, o* the re.ie* co((unit, in the e,e& o* co(petin+
*action&.
221
4# *nformation ,ana=ement
4#2 *ntroduction
A (a=or re&pon&ibi.it, o* the $%'A" #ea( i& to co..ect0 co(pi.e0 ana.,?e0
and report on the e(er+enc,. #hi& in*or(ation &hou.d in-o.-e +enera. in*or(ation
on the hu(anitarian e**ect& o* the e(er+enc, re&ource& need& and a-ai.abi.it,0
the re&pon&e acti-itie&0 the achie-e(ent&0 the con&traint&0 the +ap&0 and the
un(et need&.
#he $%'A" #ea(H& In*or(ation 7ana+e(ent re&pon&ibi.itie& (a, inc.ude
a.. or &o(e o* the *o..oin+ t,pe& o* acti-itie&.
App., $% &trate+ie& and po.icie& on in*or(ation (ana+e(ent inc.udin+
con*identia.it,J *or(at and *re)uenc, o* &it rep& and other reportin+
re)uire(ent&J in*or(ation hand.in+ procedure& &uch a& re+i&terin+0 *i.in+ and
retrie-a.0 and di&&e(inationJ and (edia re.ation&.
/er-e a& the *oca. point *or a.. in*or(ation on hu(anitarian acti-itie&J de-e.op
and (aintain a re.ation&hip ith other in*or(ation point& &uch a& a+enc,
in*or(ation o**icer& and (i.itar, in*or(ation .iai&on o**icer&J c.a&&i*,
in*or(ation on it& credibi.it, and re.iabi.it,.
9&tab.i&h rapid and e**ecti-e reportin+ netork&0 de-e.op e.ectronic
co((unication &,&te(&0 *aci.itate interna. co((unication &,&te(&.
"o(pi.e and (aintain an upAtoAdate picture o* the hu(anitarian &ituation b,
&ector For+ani?ationF+eo+raphic areaA *aci.itate the *.o o* in*or(ation *ro(
222
and to *ie.d o**ice&0 pro-ide rea.Ati(e (onitorin+ and p.ottin+ o* hu(anitarian
incident&
"o..ect0 co..ate0 ana.,?e and di&&e(inate in*or(ation re+ardin+ the p.an&0
operation&0 &tockpi.e&0 in*or(ation need&0 and on+oin+ re&ource need& o*
a&&i&tance pro-ider&.
7onitor donor contribution& and re&ource& pro-ided throu+h the Appea.
9&tab.i&h and (aintain an on+oin+ in*or(ation &,&te(Fdata ba&e on the
e(er+enc, to &er-e a& the in&titutiona. (e(or,.
6repare and &ub(it periodic hu(anitarian &ituation report& and other report&
a& decided in the 6.an o* Action.
6ro-ide in*or(ation to the (edia and ne& a+encie&0 (onitor (edia report&0
or+ani?e and con-ene pre&& con*erence&0 .iai&e ith !"HA &poke&per&on&.
6ro-ide brie*in+& *or &enior .e-e. &ta**0 -i&itin+ di+nitarie&0 and donor (i&&ion&
6ro-ide a brie*in+ pack and brie* -i&itin+ per&onne.0 ne &ta**0 etc. inc.udin+
i&&ue &u((arie&0 addre&&e&0 (ap&0 and o-er-ie o* $%0 I!0 and %4!
acti-itie&
At the on&et o* the (i&&ion& the $%'A" #ea( i.. need to deter(ine ith the
$% 8e&ident "oordinator0 the e;tent o* the #ea(H& in*or(ation (ana+e(ent
re&pon&ibi.itie&
4#2 UNDAC %eportin= and (itreps
4#2#2$olicD
8eportin+ i& one o* the (o&t i(portant *unction& o* an $%'A" tea(. It
&hou.d be c.ear0 conci&e0 accurate and pro*e&&iona.. A.. reportin+ b, an $%'A"
#ea( &hou.d be addre&&ed to the $nited %ation& 8e&identFHu(anitarian
coordinator in the capita. o* the a**ected countr, ith a cop, to the 9(er+enc,
8e.ie* "oordinator (throu+h0 !"HA 4ene-a). A.. reportin+ &hou.d be c.eared ith
the tea( .eader.
223
2or contact& out&ide the abo-e channe. o* reportin+0 it (u&t be (ade c.ear
that a.. in*or(ation &hou.d be -eri*ied ith the re.e-ant authorit, o* the a**ected
countr,0 the $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( or !"HA. 8eport&
&hou.d0 a& *ar a& po&&ib.e0 be ritten in 9n+.i&h.
4#2#2"he %eportin= (Dstem
UNDAC (ituation %eports
#he $%'A" &ituation report& ($%'A" &itrep) are to be &ent to the $nited
%ation& 8e&ident "oordinator ith a cop, to the 98" (throu+h0 !"HA 4ene-a).
#he $% 8e&ident FHu(anitarian "oordinator u&e& thi& report0 to+ether ith a..
other in*or(ation thatFheF&he ha& a-ai.ab.e0 to co(pi.e a 2ie.d /ituation 8eport.
Field (ituation %eports
#he $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator co(pi.e& a 2ie.d &itrep *ro(
the in*or(ation that heF&he +athered *ro( &ource& &uch a& nationa. authoritie&0
$% a+encie&0 the $%'A" &itrep0 %4!H& and other&. #he 2ie.d &itrep i& then &ent
to the 98" throu+h !"HA 4ene-a here it i& u&ed0 to+ether ith other a-ai.ab.e
in*or(ation0 *or( either !"HA In*or(ation 8eport& or !"HA &ituation 8eport&
hich pro-ide in*or(ation re)uired b, the Internationa. co((unit,.
#he, are ba&ed .ar+e., on in*or(ation pro-ided *ro( the *ie.d b, or
throu+h the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator. #he, a.&o inc.ude and take
into account in*or(ation recei-ed b, !"HA *ro( other &ource&0 inc.udin+ the
appea.& i&&ued b, the I"8" and I28" *or the nationa. 8ed "ro&& and 89
"re&cent /ocietie&. #he $%'A" tea( i& a -er, i(portant &ource o* in*or(ation
*or the /itrep&. In the i((ediate a*ter(ath o* a di&a&ter0 *re)uent !"HA /itrep&
are i&&ued *ro( 4ene-a0 pro-idin+ the internationa. co((unit, ith the be&t
po&&ib.e in*or(ation a& it beco(e& a-ai.ab.e. !"HA cro&&Acheck& the in*or(ation
224
ith the head)uarter& o* the other $% a+encie& and donor&0 to the e;tent
*ea&ib.e.
#he report& are &ent direct., to the capita.& o* donor countrie& and the
head)uarter& o* the $% a+encie&0 interA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation& (e.+. the
9uropean $nion)0 and (a=or %4!H&0 a& e.. a& the %e Gork and 4ene-a
(i&&ion& to the $% o* the a**ected re+ion. #he, are t,pica.., di&tributed to o-er
300 addre&&e& in-o.-ed in (akin+ deci&ion& on pro-idin+ internationa. di&a&ter
re.ie* and re.ated a&&i&tance.
End of ,ission %eport
An end o* (i&&ion report i& to be &ub(itted b, the $%'A" tea( to 2"/$0
!"HA 4ene-a head)uarter& a& &oon a& po&&ib.e a*ter a (i&&ion and at the
.ate&t one eek a*ter co(p.etion o* the (i&&ion. #he purpo&e o* the report i& to
in*or( !"HA o* the nature and &cope o* the (i&&ion and to hi+h.i+ht the *o..oA
up action& to be taken a*ter the (i&&ion. /ee a.&o "hapter '.12.
4#2#3UNDAC (ituation %eport
4eneral
/end the *ir&t $%'A" &itrep a& ear., a& po&&ib.e upon arri-a. at the
di&a&ter &ite0 and &end &ub&e)uent $%'A" &itrep& dai., ith hate-er
in*or(ation i& a-ai.ab.e at the ti(e. 'o not de.a, becau&e certain in*or(ation i&
.ackin+J &end it ne;t ti(e. An $%'A" &itrep &hou.d be &ent once a da, un.e&&
&peci*ied otheri&e. 8e(e(ber0 an $%'A" &itrep i& proce&&ed in*or(ation and
carried con&iderab.e credibi.it,. It &hou.d be in*or(ati-e0 authoritati-e and ti(e.,A
e&pecia.., in the current a+e o* in&tant (edia acce&& to di&a&ter &ite&.
9ither pro-ide a co(p.ete .i&t o* un(et need& in each report0 or &peci*ica..,
&tate hich ite(& re(ain unchan+ed *ro( the pre-iou& report hi.e pro-idin+
225
ne in*or(ation *or other ite(&. Indicate i* need& can be (et .oca.., or re)uire
internationa. a&&i&tance.
:hen ritin+ the report0 i(a+ine ,our&e.* at the recei-in+ end0 and tr, to
rite hat ,ou ou.d ant to kno a& e.. a& ho ,ou ou.d ant it pre&ented.
>e e;p.icit and preci&e and doub.e check *i+ure&. #r, to anticipate a potentia.
donor& .ike., )ue&tion&0 and an&er the( in the report. 'o not repeat in*or(ation
that ha& a.read, been &ent0 and i* there i& no ne in*or(ation under a &peci*ic
headin+0 &tate thi& c.ear.,.
A-oid -a+ue and a(bi+uou& ord& and phra&e&. A &tate(ent &uch
a&550000 peop.e are a**ected5 doe& not +i-e an, indication on0 e.+. ho the, are
a**ected0 to hich de+ree0 hat i& a.read, bein+ done0 and ho (an, peop.e
there are in the area a.to+ether. 350000 hou&e& da(a+ed5 con-e,& .itt.e
in*or(ation. #he 3da(a+e5 (a, be (ini(a. or tota.. $&e the +uide.ine& +i-en in
the a&&e&&(ent check.i&t (&ee "hapter '). 'e&cribin+ peop.e a& bein+
3ho(e.e&&5 a.&o .ack& the preci&ion needed to p.an appropriate re&pon&e&. At a
(ini(u( (ake the *o..oin+ di&tinction&1
6eop.e ho(e.e&& be*ore the di&a&ter (chronic ho(e.e&&).
#ho&e te(porari., e-acuated due to repairab.e da(a+e to de..in+&.
6eop.e ho&e de..in+& ha-e been de&tro,ed or irreparab., da(a+ed.
:hen reportin+ da(a+e or a&&e&&ed need&0 &peci*, the &ource o* the
in*or(ation. #ake care to check the *ina. te;t be*ore &endin+A a&k another per&on
to check it.
4#2#.Format of UNDAC (ituation %eport
Format
226
#he 2or(at o* the $%'A" &ituation 8eport +i-en be.o &hou.d be
*o..oed b, u&in+ the part& that are re.e-ant *or the &peci*ic a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion.
#he $%'A" /itrep &hou.d con&i&t o* a.. the ite(& (entioned be.oJ i* there i& no
in*or(ation on one or (ore o* the ite(& then &tate it e;p.icit., (i.e. 3%othin+
ne5).
$%'A" &ituation 8eport
I. /ituation
1. %ature o* the di&a&ter
2. Area a**ected
3. I(pact
4. 6ro=ected e-o.utionF&econdar, threat&
II. In countr, 8e&pon&e
5. !r+ani&ation1 nationa. and .oca. authoritie&
6. Ad(ini&trati-e (ea&ure&
7. !peration&
8. "on&traint&
III. !n &ite <e-e. Internationa. 8e&pon&e
9. Internationa. re&ource& arri-ed onA&iteF(obi.i&ed
10. "oordination
11. "on&traint&
IE. A&&i&tance
12. 6riorit, re.ie* need&
E. 7ean& o* de.i-er, o* internationa. A&&i&tance
13. <o+i&tic& and di&tribution &,&te(
14. 6o&&ib.e channe.& *or contribution&
227
EI. !ther In*or(ation
#he &tructure o* the abo-e $%'A" /itrep corre&pond& to the 2ie.d /itrep
pro-ided b, the $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator to the '8"0 and to that
o* !"HA &itrep& hich are &ent out *ro( 4ene-a to in the di&a&ter (ana+e(ent
co((unit, or.dAide. 6.ea&e re*er to Anne; *or detai.ed check.i&t o* ite(& hich
(a, be inc.uded under -ariou& head o* the &itrep.
4#3 *nformation 4atherin= and AnalDsis
4#3#24eneral
It i& u&e*u. to di&tin+ui&h beteen the ter(& 3data5 and 3in*or(ation.5 'ata
i& &i(p., a co..ection o* ord&0 nu(ber& and other character& ith a &tructure.
In*or(ation i& 3u&e*u. data.5 'ata beco(e& in*or(ation hen it i& u&e*u.0
(eanin+*u.0 re.e-ant and under&tandab.e to particu.ar peop.e at particu.ar ti(e&
and p.ace&0 *or particu.ar purpo&e&.
4#3#2*nformation (ources
Inter-ie& ithFin*or(ation *ro( ke, in*or(ant& in the +o-ern(ent and
6E!F%4!H&FI!F& and ithin particu.ar +roup& o* a**ected peop.e. $&e*u. &ource&
o* in*or(ation (a, be1
At DistrictE )ocal )eCel At Capital )eCel
228
'i&trictF.oca. authoritie&
<oca. .eader&F-i..a+e e.der&
6o.ice
Ar(,
2ire &er-ice&
8e&cue &er-ice&
%4!H&
"i-i. 'e*en&e
Internationa. re.ie* tea(&F or+ani?ation&
pre&ent
6rie&t&F (i&&ionarie&
$% A+enc, nationa. &ta**
Ho&pita.&0 hea.th centre&0 &anitar,
po&t&
9-acuation centre&
>irthFdeath re+i&tration o**ice
%ationa. authoritie&Fre&pon&ib.e (ini&trie&
$%'6F$%A'7#
$% a+encie&
4eo+raphica. in&titute(&)
'epart(ent o* (eteoro.o+,F h,dro.o+,
>i.atera. aid a+encie&
%4!H&
9(ba&&ie&
'etai.ed critica. I&ector a&&e&&(ent& b, &pecia.i&t(&). #hi& in-o.-e&
technica. in&pection& and a&&e&&(ent& b, e;pert&. It i& re)uired particu.ar., in
&ector& &uch a& hea.th and nutrition0 *ood0 ater &upp.,0 e.ectric poer and other
in*ra&tructure &,&te(&.
$rinciples for Assessment
*nColCement of UN A=encies
:ithin the $% &,&te(0 a nu(ber o* &pecia.i?ed a+encie& ha-e the
re&pon&ibi.it, andFor capabi.it, *or a detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent o* need& in
accordance ith their (andate and operationa. e;perience. #he $%'A" #ea(
&hou.d cooperate c.o&e., ith the repre&entati-e or pro=ect &ta** o* the&e
a+encie&. #he &ector& co-ered b, indi-idua. a+encie& are indicated be.o1
/ector "o(petent $% A+enc,
Hea.th :H!0 $%I"92
2ood and nutrition :26
/upp.e(entar, *ee.in+ $%I"92
:ater $%I"92
/anitation and en-iron(enta. &er-ice& $%I"92
"a(p p.annin+0 8e*u+ee& $%H"8
A+ricu.ture and *i&herie& 2A!
229
In*ra&tructure0 8ehabi.itation $%'6
Collaboration :ith NationalE)ocal Authorities
".o&e coordination &hou.d be (aintained ith the nationa. &er-ice& and
.oca. authoritie&. 9;i&tin+ e)uip(ent0 re&ource& and or+ani?ationa. &tructure&
&hou.d be u&ed to the e;tent po&&ib.e.
EFpert AdCice
#o the e;tent po&&ib.e0 ad-ice &hou.d be &ou+ht *ro( e;perienced e;pert&
ith .oca. kno.ed+e. %e-erthe.e&&0 an, in*or(ation pro-ided &hou.d a.a,& be
doub.e checked ith the co(petent $% a+encie&.
Cultural Acceptance and CommunitD $articipation
A&&i&tance (u&t be cu.tura.., acceptab.e and appropriate to the need& o*
the a**ected popu.ation. "o((unit, participation in the de-e.op(ent and
i(p.e(entation o* re&pon&e (ea&ure& i& e&&entia.. /,&te(& (u&t be operated
ith (ini(a. e;terna. in-o.-e(ent.
%eliabilitD and CredibilitD of *nformation (ources
#here i& a need *or appreciatin+ the re.iabi.it, o* the &ource o* in*or(ation
and the credibi.it, o* the in*or(ation co..ected. #he con&i&tent app.ication o* the
*o..oin+ triedAand te&ted &,&te( (i+ht he.p ,ou. It a& de-e.oped b, the
(i.itar,. #he *act that it i& e.. te&ted and in ide&pread current u&e (ean& it i&
not on., u&e*u. *or $%'A" but (ean& that (eanin+*u. di&cu&&ion& can be had
ith peacekeeper& etc hen in the *ie.d.
230
#he &,&te( identi*ie& the re.iabi.it, o* the &ource pro-idin+ the in*or(ation
and then0 &eparate.,0 the credibi.it, o* the in*or(ation bein+ pro-ided. >,
con&i&tent., app.,in+ thi& approach0 tea( (e(ber& can identi*, the &i+ni*icance
o* report& recei-ed ith &o(e de+ree o* con*idence.
8e.iabi.it, o* /ource "redibi.it, o* In*or(ation
A. "o(p.ete., 8e.iab.e 1. "on*ir(ed b, other &ource&
>. $&ua.., 8e.iab.e 2. 6robab., #rue
". 2air., 8e.iab.e 3. 6o&&ib., #rue
'. %ot $&ua.., 8e.iab.e 4. 'oubt*u.
9. $nre.iab.e 5. I(probab.e
2. #ruth cannot be =ud+ed 6. #ruth cannot be =ud+ed
#hi& can be *urther e;panded1
%eliabilitD of (ource
%atin= Description
A "o(p.ete., 8e.iab.e re*er& to a tried and te&ted &ource hich can be
depended upon ith con*idence. #he&e are e;tre(e., rare in (a, opinion I
I u&ua.., keep thi& one *or &pecia. occa&ion&.
> $&ua.., 8e.iab.e re*er& to a &ource hich ha& been &ucce&&*u. in the pa&t
but *or hich there i& &ti.. &o(e e.e(ent o* doubt in a particu.ar ca&e. I u&e
thi& one *or tho&e o* knon inte+rit, &uch a& $% a+encie&0 (i.itar, i(a+er,0
&o(e (a=or %4!& etc.
" 2air., 8e.iab.e re*er& to a &ource hich ba& occa&iona.., been u&ed in the
pa&t and upon hich &o(e de+ree o* con*idence can be ba&ed. /o(e
6re&& &ource& and %4!& cou.d *it in here.
' %ot u&ua.., 8e.iab.e re*er to a &ource hich ha& been u&ed in the pa&t but
ha& pro-ed (ore o*ten than not to be unre.iab.e. /o(e 6re&& &ource& and
%4!& cou.d *it in here.
9 $nre.iab.e re*er& to a &ource hich ha& been u&ed in the pa&t and ha&
pro-ed unorth, o* an, con*idence.
2 8e.iab.e cannot be =ud+ed re*er& to a &ource hich ha& not been u&ed in the
pa&t.
CredibilitD of *nformation
%atin= Description
1 "on*ir(ed b, other &ource& i& app.icab.e hen a di**erent &ource than that
ori+ina.., reportin+ the in*or(ation a.read, e;i&tin+ con*ir(& a piece o*
in*or(ation.
2 6robab., #rue indicated con*ir(ation o* e&&entia. part& o* a report&
in*or(ation b, another &ource. I a.&o inc.ude aeria. i(a+er, in thi& cate+or,
u&ua..,.
3 6o&&ib., #rue (ean& that in-e&ti+ation o* a reported *act or action ha&
re-ea.ed no *urther in*or(ation0 hoe-er the in*or(ation i& co(patib.e ith
231
pre-iou& action& or back+round in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e.
4 'oubt*u. i& app.icab.e to an ite( o* in*or(ation i* it tend& to con*.ict ith
pre-iou&., reported and -a.idated in*or(ation.
5 I(probab.e i& app.icab.e i& an ite( o* in*or(ation po&iti-e., contradict&
pre-iou&., reported and -a.idated in*or(ation.
6 #ruth cannot be =ud+ed i& app.icab.e i* an, *re&h., reported ite( o*
in*or(ation cannot be co(pared ith an, other cate+orie& &ource. It i& u&ed
hen 1A5 cannot be app.ied. It i& pre*erred to u&e a ratin+ o* 6 rather than a
inaccurate 1A5 ratin+.
#he &ca.e& are not pro+re&&i-e de+ree& o* accurac,J it on., he.p& to
*or(a.i?e the credibi.it, o* in*or(ation recei-ed. #here*ore it i& not *oo. proo*. #he
.etter& and nu(era.& are independent o* each other and +i-e an o-era..
e-a.uation o* the in*or(ation. 2or e;a(p.e0 a &ource knon to be unre.iab.e (e)
(i+ht pro-ide accurate in*or(ation hich i& con*ir(ed b, other &ource& and
there*ore +i-en the ratin+ o* 91. Additiona..,0 a report e-a.uated a& 26 (a, be
tota.., accurate and &hou.d not be arbitrari., thron out.
4#3#3interpretation and Forecastin=
#horou+h ana.,&i& o* the in*or(ation +athered i& a critica. &tep in the
a&&e&&(ent proce&&. #he $%'A" tea( &hou.d be care*u. to record and report
the *actua. in*or(ation a& ob=ecti-e., a& po&&ib.e. In per*or(in+ the ana.,&i&0 the
in*or(ation ha& to be .inked to the countr,A&peci*ic &ituation (&uch a& di&a&ter
hi&tor,0 traditiona. copin+ (echani&(&0 etc.) and po&&ib.e *uture de-e.op(ent&.
#he $%'A" ta( &hou.d tr, to detect and reco+ni?e trend& and indicator& o*
prob.e(&0 and to .ink the in*or(ation to reco((endation& *or action to be taken.
4#3#.$resentation of *nformation in the O(OCC
An !/!"" (u&t be ab.e pre&ent in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e ith it in a c.ear
and ea&i., under&tandab.e (anner to a.. -i&itor&. #hi& i.. &a-e the $%'A" tea(
(e(ber& ti(e in an&erin+ the &a(e )ue&tion& a+ain and a+ain a& e.. a& (ake
232
the !/!"" a u&e*u. p.ace *or re.ie* orker& to -i&it re+u.ar., thu& enhancin+
coordination. #o co..ate and pre&ent in*or(ation it i& &u++e&ted that the *o..oin+
too.& be e(p.o,ed.
2# A )o= &ook
#he !/!"" &hou.d (aintain a .o+ book into hich a.. te.ephone and radio
(e&&a+e& recei-ed or &ent are .o++ed ith action taken. #hi& &hou.d be a &i(p.e
.o+ ith the co.u(n& 3/eria. nu(ber50 #i(e 8ecei-edF/ent50 2ro(F#oH0 37e&&a+e
"ontent&50 3Action taken5 and 3Initia.&5 on it. An,one recei-in+ or &endin+ a
(e&&a+e &hou.d .o+ it into the book. #hi& i.. enab.e !/!"" &ta** to deri-e the
*o..oin+ bene*it&.
A runnin+ record o* a.. in*or(ation Faction& i& kept. #hu& enab.in+ &ta** co(in+
to the !/!"" a*ter an ab&ence to update the(&e.-e&.
A ba&i& *or brie*in+& and &itrep& i& a-ai.ab.e at a.. ti(e&.
2# An *nformation ,ap
!n a a.. o* the !/!"" di&p.a, an in*or(ation (ap hich co-er& the
area o* re.ie* operation&. !n thi& (ap (hich ,ou &hou.d co-er ith ta.c or p.a&tic)
(ark on the ta.c the *o..oin+ in*or(ation1
<ocation o* -ariou& re.ie* or+ani&ation. In /A8 operation& a.&o (ark &ector& o*
operation o* each operation.
<ocation o* ke, <97A or+ani&ation& &uch a& *ire bri+ade0 po.ice &tation0
ho&pita.&0 co((unication centre&0 (i.itar, head)uarter&.
<ocation o* the !/!"".
<ocation o* ke, .o+i&tic& *eature& &uch a& air*ie.d& or rai.a, &tation&.
An, &ecurit, incident&.
233
!n the (ar+in& o* the (ap .i&t out the te.ephone nu(ber& o* (a=or partner& in
the re.ie* operation. 9ncoura+e -i&itor& to -i&it the !/!"" to update in*or(ation
on the in*or(ation (ap concernin+ their or+ani&ation&. I* kept update0 ,ou i..
&oon *ind that there are -er, *e p.ace& here a.. the abo-e in*or(ation i&
di&p.a,ed and thi& In*or(ation 7A6 i.. beco(e a (a+net *or re.ie* orker&.
3# $i=eon holes
6i+eon ho.e& on a centra. .ocation *or photocopie& o* other or+ani&ationH&
&itrep&0 and other in*or(ation *ro( hu(anitarian partner&. #he (ore in*or(ation
*ro( a -ariet, o* &ource& ,ou (ake a-ai.ab.e0 the (ore 3orthhi.e5 it i.. be *or
re.ie* orker to -i&it the !/!"".
.# A Notice &oard
%e;t to the in*or(ation (ap in the !/!""0 (ake a-ai.ab.e a b.ank notice
board on hich re.ie* or+ani&ation can .ea-e notice& re+ardin+ re.ie* operation&0
coordination (eetin+&0 a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion& etc. #hi& *aci.it, a..o& need& and
re&ource& o* re.ie* or+ani&ation& to be (atched be&ide& actin+ a& a *aci.itator o*
in*or(ation *.o.
8# Coordination E*nformation meetin=s
In*or(ation 7ana+e(ent b, the $%'A" #ea( inc.ude the *o..oin+ &tep&1
In*or(ation co..ection (inc.udin+ a&&e&&(ent)
9-a.uationFana.,&i& o* the in*or(ation
In*or(ation 'i&&e(ination
#he in*or(ation &ource& ith ho( the $%'A" #ea( need& to be in
contact ran+e *ro( the $% 8e&ident "oordination and the $nited %ation&
234
'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( to other hu(anitarian or+ani&ation&0 nationa.F.oca.
authoritie&0 (i.itar, *orce&0 (edia0 a& e.. a& !"HA head)uarter&. #he&e -ariou&
&ource& i.. a.&o con&titute the (ain &takeho.der& *or di&&e(ination o*
in*or(ation.
Ho.d re+u.ar cro&& &ectora. coordination and in*or(ation &harin+ (eetin+&
at .ea&t once a da, in hich a.. partner& i.e. <97A0 %4!& (.oca. and
internationa.)0 7i.itar, and internationa. re.ie* or+ani?ation& are in-ited.
9ncoura+e .eadin+ re.ie* or+ani&ation& to ho.d &ectora. (eetin+& e.+. $%I"92 *or
o(enFchi.dren i&&ue&0 :26 *or *ood0 I28" *or hea.th etc. #he re&u.t o* the&e
(eetin+& i.. pro-ide ,ou ith an i(portant in*or(ation ba&e *or the $%'A"
&itrep&.
1# Contact :ith OCHA HeadGuarters
a# FC(U and the %e=ional Desk
!nce the deci&ion i& taken to (obi.i&e an $%'A" #ea(0 2"/$ no(inate&
a (i&&ion *oca. point *or a.. i&&ue re.atin+ to &upport to the $%'A" (i&&ion. In
addition0 !"HAH& 'e&k *or the concerned countr,Fre+ion i.. be the *oca. point *or
a.. &ub&tanti-e in*or(ation re+ardin+ the e(er+enc, and re.ated *o..oAup action&
re)uired at !"HA Head)uarter& .e-e.0 a& e.. a& ith the head)uarter& o*
e;terna. partner& (e.+. donor& and a+encie&).
>e&ide& the report ritin+ re)uire(ent& (entioned abo-e0 dai.,
te.econ*erence& &hou.d a.&o be or+ani?ed beteen the #ea( <eader (and an,
additiona. (e(ber o* the tea(0 a& (a, be deter(ined b, the #ea( <eader) and
the&e to *oca. point& (both o* ho( &hou.d be pre&ent durin+ the
te.econ*erence&). #he (odeFre&pon&ibi.it, *or recordin+ the&e te.econ*erence&
&hou.d be deter(ined *ro( the be+innin+ o* the (i&&ion. #here are to ba&ic
option&1 audio recordin+ ith a 'ictaphone (to be pro-ided a& part o* the o**ice
235
kit) or ritten record& o* the con-er&ation. #here &hou.d a.a,& be a record o*
*o..oAup action& re)ue&tedFa+reed.
b# Other parts of OCHA
#he 'e&k and 2"/$ are re&pon&ib.e *or en&urin+ *o..o up in ca&e o*
action& or in*or(ation re)ue&ted b, the $%'A" #ea(. Hoe-er0 direct contact
(a, occur ith other part& o* !"HA0 a& *o..o&1
#he tea( (a, be contacted b, other part& o* !"HA *or in*or(ation0 in
particu.ar b, the 7i.itar, I"i-i. 'e*ence $nit (7"'$)0 the !"HAA $%96 Doint
9n-iron(enta. $nit and the !"HA /poke&peop.e in 4ene-a and %e Gork.
#he tea( i.. be in direct contact ith !"HAH& in*or(ation &,&te(& to
e;pedite di&&e(ination o* in*or(ation to donor&0 a+encie& and the pub.ic a& a
co(p.e(ent to the !"HA /ituation 8eport&. #he&e &,&te( are1
8e.ie*Aeb0 !"HAH& hu(anitarian in*or(ation Internet eb pa+e0 hich po&t&
in*or(ation *ro( a.. hu(anitarian partner& in addition to !"HAH& on
in*or(ation.
#he Inte+rated 8e+iona. In*or(ation %etork (I8I%)0 hich i& ba&ed in three
.ocation& in A*rica (%airobi0 Dohanne&bur+ and Abdi=an) and &er-e& a& a
hu(anitarian ne& a+enc, throu+h *reeAo* char+e e(ai. &ub&cription. I8I%
report& are a.&o po&ted on 8e.ie*Aeb.
4#. Contacts :ith ,edia
4#.#24eneral
:hene-er there i& a ne&orth, &ituation0 the (edia i.. be there. #hu&0
an $%'A" tea( (e(ber (a, be approached b, the (edia t an, ti(e. $%'A"
tea( (e(ber& can p.a, a -ita. ro.e in +i-in+ a&&i&tance to the (edia in a di&a&ter
&ituation0 a& +ood pre&& can he.p *undArai&in+. It i& there*ore i(portant *or
236
$%'A" tea(& to he.p keep the (edia in*or(ed. Ceepin+ +ood re.ation& ith
(edia ha& *re)uent., re&u.ted in &,(pathetic co-era+e a& e.. a& he.p bein+
+i-en b, =ourna.i&t& hen he.p a& not readi., acce&&ib.e b, other (ean&.
$%'A" tea( (e(ber& (u&t0 hoe-er0 be aare that di&crepancie& (a, e;i&t
beteen the (edia pre&entation o* a di&a&ter and the rea.it,.
4#.#2$olicD
#he tea( .eader &et& the +uide.ine& *or re.ation& ith the (edia. %or(a..,0
one tea( (e(ber& (u&ua.., the tea( .eader) &hou.d be appointed a& *oca. point
*or contact ith the (edia. A*ter hich (edia re.ation& concernin+ the $%'A"
(i&&ion a& a ho.e &hou.d +o throu+h thi& per&on. It &hou.d be borne in (ind0
thou+h0 that in*or(ation +i-en to the (edia &hou.d (atch that bein+ pro-ided b,
the $% 8e&ident Fhu(anitarian "oordinator and that a (edia po.ic, &hou.d be
a+reed upon beteen the $%'A" tea( .eader and the $% 8e&identF
Hu(anitarian "oordinator. I* an indi-idua. tea( (e(ber i& approached b, the
(edia0 heF&he &hou.d be a..oed to +i-e in*or(ation concernin+ the &peci*ic ork
that heF&he i& current., carr,in+ out.
4#.#3%ules %e=ardin= ,edia
$reparation
7ake an $%'A" 6re&& 6ack to pro-ide (edia repre&entati-e& ith
back+round in*or(ation on !"HA0 $%'A" and the current &ituation.
#r, to be the *ir&t to &upp., in*or(ation0 thereb, e&tab.i&hin+ the tea( a& a
u&e*u. &ource *or the (edia.
#r, to ha-e an upAtoAdate de&cription o* $%F$%'6F!"HA e(er+enc,Are.ated
acti-itie&0 hich ,ou can +i-en to the (edia.
I* po&&ib.e0 kno the (ain point& ,ou ant to (ake c.ear0 be*ore ,ou carr, out
an inter-ie.
237
Cno hat ,ou ant to &a,A and hat ,ou do not ant to &a, I be*ore ,ou
&tart ta.kin+.
'o not *a-our one (ediaA a.. are entit.ed to &i(i.ar treat(ent.
Cno ho ,ou are ta.kin+ to. 7ake a (edia .o+ (=ourna.i&tH& na(eJ the
ne&paperJ (a+a?ine0 or radioF #E &tation heF&he repre&entJ .oca. addre&&
and te.ephone nu(ber).
I* there i& an !/!""0 it can be the centra. (edia centre here =ourna.i&t&
kno here and *ro( ho( to obtain in*or(ation.
6ro-ide *u.. and accurate in*or(ation on a re+u.ar ba&i&
%ule for dealin= :ith %eporters
%e-er pick a *i+ht ith the ne& (ediaJ
#he, air or print e-er, da, and ,ou donHt
#here are no &ecret&1
A&&u(e hat ,ou &a, and do i.. +et on the air or the printed pa+e.
:hi.e ,ou can &a, #hin+& 3o** the record50 that donHt (ean the (edia onHt
print it and +i-e ,ou attribution.
'onHt a&&u(e an,thin+J
8eporter& (a, not be e.. in*or(ed or technica.., pro*icient about ,our
pro*e&&ion.
9;p.ain ter(& o* en&ure the, are under&tood
Ceep it &i(p.e1
/i(p.i*, and &u((ari?e ,our (a=or point&.
:rite *act& and data don to hand out.
$&e 9n+.i&h. #a.k in a re.a;ed &t,.e that i& ai(ed at .a,per&on&0 not
&ub=ect e;pert&. A-oid acron,(&.
8e(e(ber that the audience i& the +enera. pub.ic.
238
4i-e reporter& a +ood &tor, to rite... or the, (a, *ind one ,ou donHt .ike and
rite it1
<i&ten *or trend& in the )ue&tion&. I& the reporter a&kin+ .eadin+
)ue&tion&K Are there ob-iou& (i&conception&K !**er to c.ari*, or redirect.
#reat reporter& pro*e&&iona..,1
#reat the( ith re&pect.
Initiate back+round con-er&ation&.
A.a,& an&er their ca..& i((ediate.,.
<ea-e ord in ,our o**ice here ,ou i.. be &o ,ou can an&er ca..&
i((ediate.,.
'onHt <ie1
7ake &ure ,our in*or(ation i& accurate.
It doe&nHt ha-e to be a..A enco(pa&&in+. Gou donHt ha-e to te.. a reporter
,our -ie& on e-er,thin+.
>e*ore ,ou do an inter-ie0 decide hat ,ou can di&cu&& and hat ,ou canHt
I and &tick to it.
$&e hu(or to de*u&e con*rontationa. &ituation&.
"hoo&e ,our ord& care*u.., and e..1
#he, i.. .ike., be reported a& ,ou &a, the(.
I* a critica. or contro-er&ia. &tor, i& +oin+ to be ritten an,a,0 ,our point o*
-ie &hou.d be in the &tor,1
/i.ence i& not a.a,& +o.den.
8epetition i& the e&&ence o* retention1
A #he pub.ic i.. re(e(ber hat the, &ee0 hear0 and read repeated., in the
(edia.
!nce the &tor, i& out that ,ou donHt .ike0 it i& u&ua.., too .ate and *ruti.e&& to tr,
to correct it.
$&e ob=ecti-e and authoritati-e &ource& o* in*or(ation to back up ,our
&tate(ent& to reporter&0 i* ,ou can1
239
'onHt (ake char+e& ,ou canHt back up or (ake &tick.
#r, to anticipate )ue&tion&. I* ,ou canHt or ,ou donHt kno the0 an&er0 +et
back to the reporter a*ter ,ou are a&ked &uch )ue&tion& &o ,ou can +i-e a
con&idered re&pon&e.
Follo:@up
In*or( the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator ( I* ,ou are the tea(
.eader) or the tea( .eader (i* ,ou are the tea(H& (edia *oca. point or a tea(
(e(ber) hen an inter-ie ha& taken p.ace.
I* a tea( (e(ber ha& been (i&)uoted0 the $% 8e&identFHu(anitarian
"oordinator &hou.d be contacted i((ediate.,0 &o that repre&entation can be
(ade to the (edia. !nce a &tor, i& out0 thou+h0 it i& u&ua.., too .ate to correct
i* *or the pub.ic0 but the (edia &hou.d ne-erthe.e&& be in*or(ed o* the
(i&take.
4#8# *nformation Outputs
#he $%'A" #ea( &hou.d con&ider u&in+ the *o..oin+ too.& to *aci.itate
a-ai.abi.it,0 di&&e(ination and &harin+ o* in*or(ation. #he *o..oin+ too.& i.. be
particu.ar., u&e*u.0 e.+. a& part o* the output o* a "oordination "entre e&tab.i&hed
b, the $%'A" #ea(1
- /ituation 8eport&
- Appea.& *or internationa. a&&i&tance
- A&&e&&(ent report&
- 7inute& o* coordination (eetin+&
- #e.ephone con*erence&0 eA(ai.F*a; corre&pondence
- >rie*in+& to -i&itin+ de.e+ation&F repre&entati-e&
- 7ap&0 chart&0 contact .i&t&0 photo+raph&0 -ideo (ateria.
240
- <o+book o* action& re)ue&tedFco(p.eted
- 7edia inter-ie& and pre&& con*erence&A record& o* the&e e-ent&
- 6re&& co((uni)uY&0 *act &heet& *or the pre&&0 arri-in+
or+ani?ation&0 -i&itor0 EI6&
- 6i+eon ho.e& *or .oca. di&tribution o* photocopied in*or(ation
4#1 $reparation of Appeals
4#1#2,obili;in= the *nternational CommunitD
:hen the 4o-ern(ent o* the a**ected countr, re)ue&t& the internationa.
co((unit, to pro-ide a&&i&tance in a e(er+enc, &ituation0 !"HA (a, .aunch an
Appea. *or internationa. a&&i&tance and the $%'A" tea( in &it (a, be ta&ked to
a&&i&t in preparin+ it. #he Appea. nor(a.., co-er& the need& o* the $% &,&te(
and it& hu(anitarian partner& *or e(er+enc, a&&i&tance. In ca&e o* &e-ere or
ide&pread natura. di&a&ter&0 it (a, a.&o co-er the need& o* &e-era. countrie& in
a re+ion. #he $%'A" tea( i.. nor(a.., be in-o.-ed in preparin+ Appea.&
re.ated to natura. di&a&ter& and not nor(a.., in preparin+ co(p.e; e(er+enc,
Appea.& a& the "on&o.idated Appea.& 6roce&& ("A6) *or co(p.e; e(er+encie& i&
a pro+ra((in+ proce&& hich co-er& a .on+er period and re)uire& (ore detai.ed
kno.ed+e o* pro+ra((e& than the $%'A" tea( i& .ike., to ha-e.
4#1#2Appeals related to natural disasters#
#he Appea.& *or natura. di&a&ter re&pon&e hich the $%'A" tea( (a,
ha-e to a&&i&t in the preparation o* are *or a &hort ti(e *ra(e0 nor(a.., 3 (onth&0
and (a, a.&o co-er tran&itiona. need& to brid+e the +ap in *.o o* *und& beteen
e(er+enc, need& and rehabi.itation and recon&truction. :hi.e there i& no
(andated *or(at *or the Appea.0 it i.. co-er the *o..oin+ broad area&1
1. An o-er-ie o* the /ituation
241
(a) !b=ecti-e o* the Appea.
(b) I(pact o* the 'i&a&ter
(c) /trate+, and 6rioritie& o* Hu(anitarian 8e.ie* !peration&
(d) In*ra&tructure and <o+i&tic&
2. 6riorit, 9(er+enc, %eed& and 8e)uire(ent& b, /ector (co-er on., tho&e
&ector& re.e-ant to the &ituation ,ou are dea.in+ ith)
(a) :ater and /anitation
(b) 2ood and %utrition
(c) /he.ter
(d) Hea.th
(e) In*ra&tructure
(*) 9ducation
(+) "oordination and 7ana+e(ent
2or each indi-idua. /ector ,ou (a, need to co-er the *o..oin+1
(a) !b=ecti-e
(b) /trate+,
(c) 8e&pon&ibi.it, *or I(p.e(entation
(d) >ud+et
3. /u((ar, tab.e o* 2undin+ Appea.&
4#1#3EFamples of Natural Disaster Appeals
In order *or $%'A" (e(ber& to be ab.e to re*er to actua. natura. di&a&ter
Appea.& hich ha-e been prepared ith the a&&i&tance o* the $%'A" tea(0
+i-en be.o are e;a(p.e& o* Appea.& prepared a*ter the *.ood& in "hina in 1998
and in 7o?a(bi)ue in 1999.
242
4#1#.China Floods 5 (eptember 2//3
China
Floods
United National *nter@ A=encD Appeal for Emer=encD %elief
and *nitial %ehabilitation
(9nd o* /epte(ber 1998 to the end o* Danuar, 1999)
23
rd
/epte(ber 1998
CH*NA 5 F)OOD(
United National *nter@A=encD Appeal for Emer=encD %elief
and *nitial %ehabilitation
2# ObBectiCe
#he ob=ecti-e o* the appea. i&&ued b, the $nited %ationa. i& to &o.icit
contribution& *or e(er+enc, re.ie* and initia. rehabi.itation in nine pro-ince& and
autono(ou& re+ion& o* "hina de-a&tated b, the *.ood&. It i& a.&o to *aci.itate a
coordinated internationa. re&pon&e. #he appea. concentrate& on the (o&t
&e-ere., a**ected pro-ince& (a.on+ the Gan+t?e ri-er and in the %orth o* "hina)
and the (o&t -u.nerab.e +roup& in tho&e pro-ince&.
#he *.ood di&a&ter i& o* a (a+nitude unprecendeted o-er the .a&t decade&.
#he 4o-ern(ent o* "hina ha& e;perience in dea.in+ ith *.ood& but not on thi&
&ca.e and *or &o .on+. #he 2.9 (i..ion peop.e &eekin+ re*u+e on the d,ke& a.on+
243
the Gan+t?e ri-er ba&in ha-e a.read, been there *or to (onth& and it i.. take a&
(uch a& three (onth& unti. the, return to their de-a&tated -i..a+e&. #he, &ur-i-e
in o-ercroded0 in&u**icient &he.ter ith increa&in+., dan+erou& &anitation. #here
i& a (a=or threat to pub.ic hea.th. /he.ter (ateria.& are ur+ent., re)uired. In the
northern pro-ince& *.ood& ha-e put a hu+e burden on a re+ion reco-erin+ *ro(
.a&t ,earH& drou+ht. In northern "hina0 the &e-ere inter eather i& on., &i;
eek& aa, ((inu& 30 de+ree& ") and there i& a de&perate need *or e(er+enc,
&he.ter.
2# (ummarD of the appeal
#he $nited %ation& appea. to *orei+n +o-ern(enta.0 interA+o-ern(enta.
and pri-ate donor& to (ake their contribution )uick.,0 to &tren+then the re.ie*
e**ort& (ounted b, the "hine&e 4o-ern(ent and the 8ed "ro&&.
#hi& appea. i& (ade upon re)ue&t *ro( the "hine&e 4o-ern(ent to
!"HA. It ha& been prepared b, the $nited %ationa. 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea(
in >ei=in+ under the .eader&hip o* the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator ith
the a&&i&tance o* !"HAH& $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter A&&e&&(ent and "oordination
($%'A") #ea(.
#he appea. i& ba&ed on *ie.d a&&e&&(ent& undertaken b, hu(anitarian
a+encie&0 a& e.. a& on the *indin+& o* the $%'A"F InterA a+enc, *ie.d (i&&ion&
($%'60 :260 :H!0 2A!) hich ere ab.e to -eri*, the &ca.e o* the di&a&ter and
the ur+ent need *or &he.ter0 *ood0 (edica. care0 and potab.e ater. #he .atter
ere (ade to the three (o&t a**ected pro-ince& in the Gan+t?e ri-er ba&in
(Hubei0 Dian+;i and Hunan) and Di.in and Hei.on+=ian+ pro-ince& in the northAea&t
(8 to 16 /epte(ber0 1998).
"able 2# (ummarD "able on reGuirement bD UN a=encD
A+enc, A(ount
244
2A! $/ Z 900000
!"HA $/ Z 1000000
$%'6 $/ Z 3401500000
$%9/"! $/ Z 406000000
$%I"92 $/ Z 504000000
:26 $/ Z 8707000000
:H! $/ Z 700000000
4rand #ota. $/ Z 13900400000
4i-en the &ca.e o* the di&a&ter0 thi& i& on., a &(a.. *raction o* the tota.
need&. >, *ar0 the .ar+er part o* the burden i& e;pected to continue to *a.. on the
"hine&e 4o-ern(ent0 ith the &upport o* the 8ed "ro&&0 and the "hine&e peop.e
both in "hina and abroad.
#he Internationa. 2ederation o* 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent /ocietie&
ha& appea.ed to the interna. co((unit, *or "H2 13.6 (i..ion to purcha&e and
di&tribute *ood0 ater0 puri*ication tab.et&0 (edicine0 &ituation &upp.ie&0 )ui.t& and
inter coat&. #he $% appea. co(p.e(ent& the 2ederationF& appea..
!n., hen the ater recede&0 i.. it be po&&ib.e to a&certain the *u.. e;tent
o* rehabi.itation and recon&truction need&. Appropriate in&titution& o* the $nited
%ationa. &,&te( and $%'6 "hina &hou.d undertake a co(prehen&i-e
a&&e&&(ent at thi& &ta+e.
#he back+round o* thi& appea. and re)uire(ent& b, re.ie* &ector a& e.. a&
p.anned i(p.e(entation are de&cribed be.o. 6ro=ect de&cription& (a, be
re)ue&ted *ro( re&pecti-e $% a+encie&.
3# Disaster impact
245
6er&i&tent torrentia. rain& Dune cau&ed enor(ou& *.oodin+ in the Gan+t?e
ri-er ba&in and in the northea&t o* "hina0 a**ectin+ 223 (i..ion peop.e in 29
pro-ince& I one *i*th o* "hinaH& popu.ation. 30004 peop.e died and (i..ion& o*
hectare& o* crop& ere tota.., de&tro,ed0 accordin+ to +o-ern(enta. e&ti(ate&.
#he *.ood& ha-e cau&ed &e-ere da(a+e to critica. *aci.itie& &uch a& hea.th
centre&0 &choo.0 ater &upp.,0 and other in*ra&tructure &uch a& road0 brid+e&0 and
irri+ation &,&te(& a& e.. a& to indu&tria. *aci.itie&. At the end o* Au+u&t0 direct
econo(ic da(a+e a& e&ti(ated at o-er $/ Z 20 bi..ion.
#he "hine&e 4o-ern(ent (ounted a (a&&i-e re&cue and re.ie* operation.
#he &tru++.e a+ain&t the *.ood& in-o.-ed (i..ion& o* *ar(er&0 -i..a+er&0 and the
Ar(,. 7an, o* the di&p.aced -icti(& ere pro-ided ith te(porar, &he.ter0
e(er+enc, (edica. care0 ba&ic *ood0 c.othin+ and )ui.t&. #he 4o-ern(entH&
e**ecti-e *oreca&tin+ and ear., arnin+ &,&te(& contributed to reduce the
cau&a.itie& and the da(a+e to propert,.
/ince ear., Dune 19980 the !**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian
A**air& in 4ene-a (!"HA) ha& i&&ued nine &ituation report& to in*or( the
internationa. co((unit, and to (obi.i?e internationa. a&&i&tance. #he&e report&
ere ba&ed on in*or(ation pro-ided b, the $nited %ation& 8e&ident coordination
in >ei=in+0 donor&0 the 8ed "ro&& and %4!H&.
>, (id /epte(ber tota. contribution& reported to !"HA a(ounted to $/ Z
8.5 (i..ion. #he&e ere either bi.atera.0 channe..ed throu+h the $nited %ation& or
the Internationa. 2ederation o* the 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent /ocietie&. #hi&
i& co(parati-e., (ode&t0 takin+ into account the (a+nitude o* the di&a&ter and
the (a&&i-e &ca.e o* the re.ie* acti-itie& undertaken b, the "hine&e 4o-ern(ent.
#hi& doe& not inc.ude the &i?eab.e donation& (ade b, the "hine&e peop.e both in
countr, and abroad.
.# $rioritD emer=encD needs and reGuirements bD sector
246
.#2 (helter
>ack+round
/i; (i..ion peop.e ere (ade ho(e.e&& b, the *.ood& in the (o&t a**ected
pro-ince& o* the Gan+t?e ri-er ba&in0 and to pro-ince& o* northea&t "hina.
:here da(& bur&t0 or *.a&h *.oodin+ ha& occurred0 entire hou&e& and their
content& ha-e been de&tro,ed. In &o(e ca&e& ho.e -i..a+e& ha-e been &ept
aa,. #he tota. e;tent o* the di&a&ter i.. on., be &een a*ter the *.ood ater ha&
receded.
In the &outh o* "hina0 there are about *i-e (i..ion ho(e.e&& *.ood -icti(&.
!* the&e0 2.9 (i..ion -icti(& ha-e been &ta,in+ on o-er croded d,ke& in the
Gan+t?e area *or o-er to (onth&. #he a**ected -icti(& i.. be *orced to &ta,
there *or another toAthree (oth& unti. the ater recede&. #hi& i& an
unprecedented .on+ ti(e co(pared to pre-iou& *.ood& hen the, ha-e been
accu&to(ed to &ta, *or on., a *e eek&. #he d,ke& are unprotected ith narro
bank&0 on., a *e (eter& ide ith ater on both &ide&. #he a**ected peop.e
ha-e to cope ith o-ercrodin+0 (akeA&hi*t &he.ter& and increa&in+., dan+erou&
hea.thF&anitar, condition&. #he te(porar, &he.ter& are in&u**icient and i.. not be
ade)uate *or the inter.
In the northAea&t o* "hina0 the *i+ht a+ain&t the *.ood i& a.(o&t o-er0 but
the *i+ht a+ain&t e;po&ure to the &e-ere inter ha& on., =u&t be+un. /e-er inter
eather (A30 de+ree& ") i& no on., &i; eek& aa, and dictate& that a&&i&tance
(u&t be pro-ided no. In the north the hou&e& in rura. area& are traditiona..,
(ade o* c.a, and on., a &(a.. proportion o* the&e ha-e &ur-i-ed the *.ood.
!b=ecti-e&
247
A #o pro-ide tent& a& te(porar, &he.ter *or 1000000 ho(e.e&& peop.e on
d,ke& a.on+ the Gan+t?e ri-er. :hen the ater recede&0 the&e can be
u&ed hi.e the, repair their hou&e&.
A #o pro-ide (ateria.& *or the con&truction o* e(er+enc, &he.ter or repair o*
da(a+ed hou&ed *or 4500000 di&p.aced peop.e in the &outhern pro-ince&
and 2000000 di&p.aced peop.e in the northern pro-ince&.
/trate+,
#he 4o-ern(ent ha& a three*o.d &trate+, to dea. ith the hi+h nu(ber o*
di&p.aced *.ood -icti(&. #hi& i& to (o-e a& (an, a& po&&ib.e to re.ati-e& or
*riend&0 to arran+e *or te(porar, hou&in+ in pub.ic bui.din+&0 and *ina.., to bui.d
te(porar, &he.ter& or repair da(a+ed hou&e&.
#he re&ource& (obi.i?ed a& a re&u.t o* thi& appea. are to be *ocu&ed on
the -er, &e-ere., a**ected countie& and tho&e that ha-e been de&i+nated b, the
nationa. or pro-incia. +o-ern(ent a& po-ert, &tricken. In the &outh the &trate+, i&
to pro-ide the (o&t -u.nerab.e di&p.aced *a(i.ie& on the d,ke& ith tent&
i((ediate.,. #hi& i.. carr, the( throu+h the co(in+ (onth&. A*ter the ater
recede& (ateria.& i.. be pro-ided *or the repair o* the da(a+ed hou&e&. #he
tent& i.. a.&o be u&ed a& te(porar, &he.ter durin+ thi& period. In the northAea&t0
the &trate+, i& to pro-ide di&p.aced *a(i.ie& ith bui.din+ (ateria.& (p.a&tic
&heetin+ to protect the roo*0 ti(ber and &(a.. a(ount o* brick&). /ince the ater
ha& a.read, &tarted to recede0 there i& an i((ediate need *or &he.ter be*ore the
inter.
>ud+et
*tem No# of &eneficiaries Unit Cost "otal cost
248
6addedF
in&u.ated tent& 1000000 peop.e Z 400 Z 800000000
/he.ter
7ateria.& 6500000 peop.e Z 160 Z 2008000000
#ota. bud+et1 $/ Z 2808000000
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc, 1 $%'6
.#2 Food
>ack+round
In the *our (o&t &eriou&., a**ected pro-ince& (Anhui0 Hunan0 Hubei0
Dian+;i) in the Gan+t?e area *or hich *ood a&&i&tance ha& been re)ue&ted0 o-er
7.4 (i..ion hectare& o* crop.and0 (o&t., rice0 ha-e been da(a+ed0 .ea-in+ an
e&ti(ated 122 (i..ion peop.e in need o* *ood. #he&e peop.e0 (o&t o* ho( .o&t
a.. their &eed& and *ood &tock& in the *.ood&0 recei-e .itt.e re.ie* &upport *ro( the
4o-ern(ent *or their &ub&i&tence and reco-er,.
!b=ecti-e&
A &hortAter( *ood inter-ention i& the (o&t appropriate to (eet the acute
*ood need& o* the &eriou&., *.oodAa**ected popu.ation .i-in+ in te(porar, &he.ter&.
A& the *.ood ater in the &outh o* "hina i& on., e;pected to recede ithin the
ne;t to to three (onth&0 the&e ha-e .itt.e or no chance to return to their ho(e
on ti(e to p.ant inter crop& in 1998. <i-in+ in te(porar, &he.ter& and0
e-entua..,0 on their return to their ho(e&0 the, are in need o* *ood hi.e c.earin+
the .and *ro( debri&0 rebui.din+ their hou&ed and rehabi.itatin+ e&&entia.
249
in*ra&tructure to prepare the(&e.-e& *or the ne;t p.antin+ &ea&on in 7archF Apri.
1999.
/trate+,
>a&ed on a -u.nerabi.it, a&&e&&(ent and (appin+ (EA7) o* the area0
:26 and the pro-incia. authoritie& ha-e identi*ied &o(e 5.8 (i..ion (o&t
-u.nerab.e peop.e ho are e;pected to recei-e *ood ration& *ro( :26 *or a
period o* 120 da,&. 9ach bene*iciar,0 re+i&tered b, the -i..a+e co((ittee0 i..
recei-e a &tandard rice ration o* 0.5 k+ per da, (60 k+& in tota.0 durin+ the period
o* a&&i&tance. In order to (aintain thi& &tandard rice ration0 the 4o-ern(ent o*
"hina ha& a&&ured :26 that0 &ub=ect to con*ir(ation o* :26 re&ource&0 a
4o-ern(ent *ood input (rice) to the e(er+enc, operation o* up to 1000000 ton&
cou.d be con&idered. 2ood di&tribution to the tar+eted bene*iciarie& cou.d &tart
i((ediate., b, drain+ on thi& rice contribution. #o *aci.itate donor contribution&
to thi& e(er+enc, operation0 :26 propo&ed to de.i-er, option&1 either (i) :26
donat4ed rice hich ou.d be (er+ed ith +o-ern(ent &tock& at the port o*
di&char+e and an appropriate a(ount o* .oca. rice ou.d be re.ea&ed b, the
ton&hip +rain bureau0 or (ii) :26 bu.k heat hich ou.d be (er+ed ith the
nationa. +rain bureau &tock& and re.ea&ed in rice at an a+reed e;chan+e ration
*ro( the bureauH& &tore& .ocated in or near the tar+eted ton&hip&. 2or the
e(er+enc, operation0 :26 i& appea.in+ *or $/ Z 8706780027 (tota. co&t to :26)
a& &peci*ied be.o1
>ud+et
*tem "otal Costs
2ood (2470 214 7# 8ice) $/ Z 7209280130
!ther co&t& $/ Z 1407490897
#ota. >ud+et $/ Z 8706780027
250
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc,1 :26
.#3 Health
>ack+round
#he i(pact o* the *.ood& on pub.ic hea.th in "hina in 1998 ha& been
dra(atic0 ith a death to.. o* 30004 peop.e0 and hundred& o* peop.e &ti.. (i&&in+.
At .ea&t 2000000 per&on ere inured ith thou&and& ho&pita.i?ed. 50204 (edica.
hea.th centre& nationide co..ap&ed or ere &eriou&., da(a+ed at countr, and
ton&hip .e-e.. #he 7ini&tr, o* Hea.th ha& -a&t e;perience in dea.in+ ith *.ood&
but not on thi& &ca.e. /ur-ei..ance &,&te(& ha-e been &et up in the a**ected
area& to rapid., identi*, outbreak& o* di&ea&e. 7obi.e (edica. tea(& ha-e been
&ent to a.. a**ected area& and i.. be *unctiona. i.. the re&toration o* nor(a.
(edica. &er-ice&. #he co.d chain i& bein+ re&u(ed *or the purpo&e o* continuin+
routine chi.dhood i((uni?ation.
#he (ain di&ea&e& a(on+ the *.ood -icti(& are diarrhea due to un&a*e
and inade)uate ater &upp.ie&0 acute re&pirator, in*ection& (A8) due to crodin+
in te(porar, co((una. &he.ter&0 and &kin in*ection& and con=uncti-iti& (pink e,e)
due to .ack to h,+iene and contact ith conta(inated and po..uted *.ood ater&.
!utbreak& o* (ea&.e& or &eriou& aterA and *oodAborne di&ea&e& &uch a&
d,&enter,0 hepatiti&0 t,phoid and cho.era ha-e not ,et been reported. It no
i((ediate action i& taken to contro. rodent& and in&ect&0 an increa&e in -ectorA
born di&ea&ed i.. .ike., occur in the co(in+ eek&. %o (a.nutrition in chi.dren
a& *ound in the area& that ere ob&er-ed b, the $% tea(.
!b=ecti-e
251
#o (ini(i?e ad-er&e hea.th e**ect& on the "hine&e *.ood -icti(& on the
d,ke& b,1
1) en&urin+ &a*e drinkin+ ater to the *.ood -icti(& to pre-ent aterborne
di&ea&e&.
2) #reatin+ in*ectiou& di&ea&e& a(on+ *.ood -icti(&0 hich untreated (a,
beco(e .i*e threatenin+.
3) 9.i(inatin+ rodent& and in&ect& to pre-ent e;po&ure o* the *.ood -icti(& to
-ectorAborne di&ea&e&.
4) 6ro-idin+ tran&port to en&ure de.i-er, o* (edicine& and -accine&0
particu.ar., tho&e that are te(perature &en&iti-e0 and pro-idin+ tran&port *o
e&&entia. (edica. tea(&.
/trate+,
#he hea.th care re&pon&e i& (ain., *ocu&ed on i(pro-in+ and &u&tainin+
hea.th care durin+ the *ir&t 4 to 8 eek& hi.e the di&p.aced popu.ation i& &ti..
.i-in+ on the d,ke&. 2und& *or the pro-ided ite(& i.. be channe..ed throu+h
:H! to the "hine&e 7ini&tr, o* Hea.th. !-era.. re&pon&ibi.it, *or pro-idin+
hea.thAcare &er-ice& to the a**ected popu.ation i.. be.on+ to the +o-ern(ent
repre&ented b, the 7ini&tr, o* Hea.th in c.o&e cooperation ith the pro-ince0
pre*ecture0 countr, and ton&hip .e-e. hea.th authorit,. #he 4o-ern(ent i.. a.&o
be re&pon&ib.e *or the p.annin+0 coordination0 tran&port0 (anpoer and
in*ra&tructure &upport *or the p.annin+ hea.thAcare de.i-er, to the a**ected peop.e.
$%I"92 and :H! ha-e &tructured their hea.th inter-ention& in order to
&upport the 4o-ern(ent in dea.in+ ith the increa&e in ca&e& o* diarrhoea0
(ea&.e&0 A8I0 and &kin di&ea&e. $%I"92 and :H! i.. co..aborate c.o&e., ith
the "hine&e 4o-ern(ent to a-oid dup.ication o* ork.
252
>ud+et
#he e&ti(ated bud+et *or thi& e(er+enc, hea.thA care a&&i&tance propo&a.
in $/ Z 700000000. A detai.ed breakdon i& a-ai.ab.e *ro( :H!. #he bud+et
e&ti(ate i& ba&ed on .oca. purcha&e.
*tems "otal Costs
4eneric antibiotic& $/ Z 200000000
!ra. I 8eAh,dration /a.t& (!8/) $/ Z 100000000
:ater di&in*ectant& $/ Z 200000000
6e&ticide&0 inc.udin+ rodenticide& $/ Z 1050000000
Eehic.e& (20 N4 :' N $/ Z 250000) $/ Z 5000000
"otal &ud=et U( M +AA
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc, 1 :H!
.#. 6ater and (anitation
>ack+round
In the Gan+t?e ri-er ba&in0 in the co(in+ three (onth&0 *a(i.ie& i.. return
to de-a&tated ho(e and co((unitie&. #heir chi.dren i.. *ace &eriou& ri&k& o*
in*ectiou& di&ea&e cau&ed b, un&a*e hou&eho.d ater &upp.ie& and
conta(inated en-iron(ent&. 6a&t e;perience inc.udin+ the 1954 *.ood di&a&ter
&ho& that the period o* hi+he&t di&ea&e ri&k i& no approachin+0 particu.ar.,
*ro( diarrhoea di&ea&e& and potentia. epide(ic& cau&ed b, conta(inated ater
and poor &anitation. "hi.dren in Hu(an0 Hubei and Dian+;i0 returnin+ to &e-ere.,
da(a+ed ho(e& and co((unitie& a*ter (onth& o* .i-in+ on d,ke&0 *ace &pecia.
ri&k& o* diarrhoea and (a.nutrition hich can ea&i., beco(e .i*eAthreatenin+.
!b=ecti-e&
253
>a&ed on *ie.d a&&e&&(ent&0 $%I"92 and the 7ini&tr, o* Hea.th ha-e
*or(u.ated an inter-ention &trate+, to reduce chi.drenH& and *a(i.ie&H ri&k& o*
di&ea&e0 *ocu&in+ on ob=ecti-e& to1
A rapid., re&tore &a*e ater &upp.ie&J
A acti-e., &uper-i&e co((unit, c.eanAup e**ort& to en&ure en-iron(enta.
&anitation condition& that (ini(i?e ri&k& o* outbreak o* &eriou& di&ea&e.
/trate+,
#he pro=ect de&i+n *our co(ponent&1
A rapid re&toration o* repairab.e ton&hip ater &,&te(& (rep.ace(ent o*
e.ectric pu(p& or &pare part&0 c.eanin+ and puri*ication o* e;i&tin+ pipe
&,&te(& and re&er-oir& F e..&).
A e&tab.i&hin+ a .o+i&tic& and &uper-i&ion &,&te( *or -i..a+e tea(& (.eadin+
+roup0 hea.th orker0 o(enH& *ederation cadre)0 and to train and &upport
the( to acti-e., &uper-i&e c.eanAup and (aintenance o* -i..a+e &anitation.
A pro-i&ion o* &upp.ie& *or ater puri*ication and en-iron(enta. conta(ination
c.eanAup (ch.orine0 b.eachin+ poer0 in&ecticide&)0 *or en-iron(enta. c.eanA
up and puri*ication o* ater &upp.ie& (ton&hip a& e.. a& -i..a+e e..&).
A /upport *or trainin+0 (onitorin+ and &uper-i&ion acti-itie&0 and rapid
re&pon&e to outbreak& identi*ied ithin the -i..a+e &,&te(.
#he re&pon&e i.. be i(p.e(ented in three pro-ince& (Hu(an0 Hubei and
Dian+;i).
254
>ud+et
$/ Z 1500000 per -er, &e-ere., a**ected countr, ti(e& 19 countrie&
$/ Z 800000 per &e-ere., a**ected countr, ti(e& 32 countrie&
#ota. >ud+et
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc,1 $%I"92 Area !**ice *or "hina and 7on+o.ia
.#8 A=riculture
>ack+round
$nprecedented *.oodin+ be+innin+ in Dune 1998 in the (o&t a**ected
&outhern pro-ince& in "hina ha-e cau&ed tre(endou& .o&& to &tandin+ crop& and
ha-e (ade &ub&e)uent &u((er crop p.antin+ i(po&&ib.e *or &o(e o* the (o&t
*erti.e and i(portant *ar(.and a.on+ the Gan+t?e 8i-er0 it& tributarie& and
a&&ociated .ake&. In additiona. to crop&0 the *.ood& ha-e ki..ed hundred& o*
thou&and& o* .i-e&tock0 inundated hundred& o* thou&and& o* hectare& o* inten&i-e
a)uacu.ture acti-itie& and ha-e da(a+ed and de&tro,ed both *ar( (achiner,
and irri+ation in*ra&tructure. Accordin+ to 4o-ern(ent e&ti(ate& *or the three
pro-ince& o* Hu(an0 Hubei and Dian+;i0 (ore than 3 (i..ion hectare& o* crop&
and a)uacu.ture ha-e been co(p.ete., de&tro,ed out o* 7 (i..ion hectare&
a**ected b, the *.ood&. #he (a=orit, o* the *ar(.and a& p.anted to rice0 the &tap.e
*ood o* "hina.
!b=ecti-e
#o pro-ide critica. input& to *ar(er& in the &outhern pro-ince& a**ected b,
the *.oodin+ o* the Gan+t?e 8i-er and &urroundin+ area &o that the, can be+in to
reAe&tab.i&h their *ar(in+ .i-e.ihood&.
255
/trate+,
#hi& i.. be done1 (a) b, i((ediate., pro-idin+ &eed and *erti.i?er to the
or&t a**ected *ar(er& *or upco(in+ inter ca&h crop& to be p.anted in !ctoberA
'ece(ber and har-e&ted in 7a,J and (b) initiatin+ a (ore inten&i-e a&&e&&(ent
o* the e;tent and nature o* da(a+e &o that appropriate rehabi.itation acti-itie&
can be initiated a*ter the ater& ha-e recede. #he *ir&t co(ponent i..
acco(p.i&hed throu+h the .oca. procure(ent o* &eed& and *erti.i?er& and
di&tributed to *ar(er& throu+h the 7ini&tr, o* A+ricu.ture ith hich the 2A! ha&
e&tab.i&hed a &tron+ orkin+ partner&hip. #he &econd &trate+, i.. be done b, a
tea( o* 2A!A &pon&ored pro*e&&iona.& in the *ie.d& o* .i-e&tock0 a)uacu.ture0
a+rono(,0 horticu.ture and rura. &ocio.o+,. #he *indin+& o* thi& tea( i.. re&u.t in
the *or(u.ation and i(p.e(entation o* a rehabi.itation pha&e.
>ud+et
2A! i.. pro-ide detai.ed in*or(ation a*ter *ie.din+ o* the propo&ed
co(prehen&i-e a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion o* the da(a+e in the a+ricu.tura. &ector
inc.udin+ .i-e&tock0 *i&herie&0 etc.
Ite(& #ota. "o&t
In depth a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion $/ Z 900000
#ota. bud+et1 $/ Z 900000
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc, 1 2A!
.#1 *nitial rehabilitation of essential facilities in 7ian=FiA HunanA
and Hubei proCinces
256
>ack+round
#he achie-e(ent& (ade b, "hina in de-e.opin+ .o co&t hea.th *aci.itie&
are no threatened *or the a**ected ten& o* (i..ion in Dian+;i0 Hunan and Hubei
pro-ince&. #he i(pact o* the *.ood& on the hea.th in*ra&tructure ha& been
de-a&tatin+. In the&e three pro-ince&0 376 count, hea.th centre&0 30063 ton&hip
hea.th centre& and at .ea&t 11 epide(ic pre-ention &tation& ha-e been da(a+ed
or de&tro,ed. In addition0 .o&&e& o* -ita. (edica. e)uip(ent ha-e been reported.
#he de&truction b, *.oodater o* thou&and& o* &choo.& threaten& the
i(pre&&i-e achie-e(ent& (ade b, "hina in education. #hi& i& particu.ar., &e-ere
in Dian+;i0 Hunan0 and Hubei pro-ince& here0 ithout a&&i&tance0 pupi.& i.. be
ithout &choo. bui.din+& and *urniture *or a .on+ ti(e. #he 4o-ern(ent ha&
a.read, (ana+ed to reopen &choo.& in te(porar, &he.ter&0 but ith the on&et on
inter thi& i.. beco(e increa&in+., di**icu.t.
!b=ecti-e
#he ob=ecti-e i& i((ediate rehabi.itation o* hea.th &tation& and &choo.& in
the (o&t a**ected area&. $%'6H& tar+eted a&&i&tance contin+ent o* thi& appea.
i.. put into p.ace &u&tainab.e and co&tAe**ecti-e &o.ution& *or a**ected area&.
/trate+,
A.thou+h it i.. take ,ear& be*ore the a**ected area& reach *u.. reco-er,0 it
i& critica. that ork be+in& in rehabi.itatin+ &choo.&0 hea.th centre&0 and other
hea.thAre.ated &tation& a& &oon a& the *.ood ater& recede in the .oer Dian+;i
re+ion. In co(p.e(ent to .oca. and nationa. e**ort&0 inc.udin+ the $%9/"!
initiated &choo. repair pro+ra((e& in the north (&ee $%9/"! &ection)0 $%'6H&
i((ediate a&&i&tance i.. be tar+eted in i((ediate., rehabi.itatin+ ke, (edica.
and education *aci.itie& in de-a&tated area& in the &outh. #he priorit, e**ort&
inc.ude1
257
>ud+et
*tem "otal Cost
$r+ent repair& o* pri(ar, and .oerA&econdar, &choo.& $/ Z 100000000
8eA&upp.,in+ o* &choo. *urniture $/ Z 108000000
$r+ent repair& o* hea.th care &tructure& $/ Z 100000000
8eA&upp., o* ba&ic hea.th apparatu&e& and in&tru(ent& $/ Z 102000000
#ota. >ud+et 1 $/ Z 500000000
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc, 1 $%'6
.#+ Education
>ack+round
#he *.ood& cau&ed hea-, .o&&e& and enor(ou& da(a+e to the educationa.
in*ra&tructure in the inundated area&. Accordin+ to +o-ern(enta. &tati&tic&0 the
*.ood& in 9 pro-ince&0 autono(ou& re+ion& and citie& ha-e a**ected 440850
&choo. and 8.47 (i..ion o* &tudent& cau&in+ the co..ap&e o* 3 (i..ion &)uare
(eter& o* &choo. bui.din+&. <ar+e )uantitie& o* &choo. in&tru(ent&0 e)uip(ent
and .ibrar, book& ha-e been de&tro,ed. #he direct econo(ic .o&& i& about 7.6
bi..ion "hine&e ,uan0 a(on+ hich 85U a**ect& the co(pu.&or, education.
!b=ecti-e
#he ob=ecti-e i& the rapid reAe&tab.i&h(ent o* c.a&&roo( .earnin+ under
nor(a. condition&. #he "hine&e 4o-ern(ent attache& hi+h i(portance to the
a-ai.abi.it, o* education to chi.dren.
258
/trate+,
#he 4o-ern(ent undertake& the i((ediate repair o* &choo.& and bui.d&
up ne &choo.& in the (o&t &e-ere., a**ected area. $%9/"! ai(& to pro-ide the
technica. and .o+i&tica. &upport to the rapid reAe&tab.i&h(ent o* &choo.&0 inc.udin+
procurin+ the &choo. te;tbook&. #hi& i.. be done in c.o&e co..aboration ith the
"hine&e %ationa. "o((i&&ion *or $%9/"!.
>ud+et
*tem "otal Cost
8ep.ace(ent o* &choo. te;tbook& $/ Z 5000000
$r+ent repair& to pri(ar, and &econdar, &choo.& $/ Z 305000000
20 te(porar, &choo.& in &e-ere., a**ected area& (north) $/ Z 60009000
"otal &ud=et> U( M .A1A
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+enc,1 $%9/"!
.#3 Coordination and mana=ement
>ack+round
4i-en the (a+nitude o* the pre&ent *.ood di&a&ter in "hina0 thee i& a need
*or $% &upport *or the coordination and (ana+e(ent o* the di&a&ter re.ie*
a&&i&tance (obi.i?ed throu+h the $% appea.. $% &upport i& a.&o needed in the
.on+er ter( per&pecti-e *or di&a&ter reduction e**ort&.
!b=ecti-e
$nder the o-era.. .eader&hip o* the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator0
ke, di&a&ter coordination and (ana+e(ent acti-itie& i.. be =oint., undertaken b,
$%'6 and !"HA in order to 1 (i) en&ure the e**ecti-e coordination0 (onitorin+0
reportin+ and e-a.uation o* the internationa. e(er+enc, re.ie* a&&i&tanceJ and (ii)
259
en&ure a &(ooth tran&ition *ro( e(er+enc, re.ie* to rehabi.itation e**ort&. $%'6
i.. a.&o (iii) pro-ide procure(ent &er-ice& to (obi.i?e input& and (i-) de-e.op
capacit, *or di&a&ter reduction p.annin+ to u.ti(ate., turn the pre&ent di&a&ter into
a de-e.op(ent opportunit, in a**ected pro-ince&.
/trate+,
An ad hoc ta&k *orce co(po&ed o* to additiona. &ta** *ro( !"HA and
$%'6 i.. be &et up in $%'6 "hina *or a duration o* &i; (onth& to a&&i&t the $%
'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( in "hina in the coordination o* internationa.
a&&i&tance (obi.i?ed throu+h the appea.. 7ore &peci*ica..,0 the *o..oin+
(ana+e(ent &upport i& en-i&a+ed1
In*or(ation and coordination
#o e&tab.i&h and (aintain a =oint !"HAF $%'6 databa&e0 in the $%'6
countr, o**ice0 on re.ie* a&&i&tance pro-ided b, internationa. and nationa. donor&.
A bu..etin i.. be prepared0 (onth., or a& re)uired0 to in*or( internationa. donor
on the &tatu& o* the a&&i&tance channe..ed throu+h the $%. 'onor (eetin+& i..
be or+ani?ed0 a& re)uired0 to keep donor& updated on ne de-e.op(ent&.
"apacit, de-e.op(ent *or e(er+enc, re.ie* orker&
A ork&hop to de-e.op the capacit, o* *ront.ine (ana+er& *ro( northern
pro-ince& to re&pond to e(er+enc, &ituation& and to *o&ter interApro-incia. and
interA&ectora. e(er+enc, coordination (a &i(i.ar ork&hop ha& a.read, been he.d
*or the &outhern re+ion in Du., 1998).
6rocure(ent &er-ice&
260
!perationa. co&t& re.ated to procure(ent acti-itie&0 e&pecia.., .oca.
procure(ent.
7onitorin+ and reportin+
#he =oint $%'6F !"HA ta&k *orce i.. pa, re+u.ar -i&it& to re.ie* orker&
and u.ti(ate bene*iciarie& to (onitor the actua. de.i-er, o* the a&&i&tance.
7onitorin+ report& i.. be &ub(itted b, the ta&k *orce to donor&.
9-a.uation
A =oint $%'6F!"HA e-a.uation i.. be carried out on the i(pact o* the
e(er+enc, re.ie* and the initia. rehabi.itation a&&i&tance0 ob=ect o* the pre&ent
appea..
"apacit, de-e.op(ent *or di&a&ter reduction
In accordance ith the %ationa. 'i&a&ter 8eduction 6.an (%'86)
prepared ith the &upport o* $%'6 and adopted b, the 4o-ern(ent o* "hina
.a&t Apri.0 the *o..oin+ di&a&ter reduction initiati-e& i.. be conducted in the or&t
a**ected pro-ince&1 (i) a&&i&t ke, in&titution& in de-e.opin+ .oca. di&a&ter reduction
p.an&J (ii) ana.,?e current di&a&ter deci&ion (akin+ and (ana+e(ent in*or(ation
&,&te(&J (iii) *or(u.ate a &trate+, to e&tab.i&h an inte+rated 'i&a&ter 8eduction
In*or(ation /,&te( ('8I/).
>ud+et
#hi& initiati-e i.. re)uire *undin+ e&ti(ated at $/ Z 6000000. !ut o* thi&
a(ount0 $%'6 i.. pro-ide $/ Z 1500000 *ro( it& core re&ource& to i(p.e(ent
part o* the abo-e acti-itie&0 and a.&o to co-er the co&t o* &enior di&a&ter o**icer *or
261
6 (onth&. $%'6 i& thu& appea.in+ *or $/ Z 30500000 to *und the abo-e ite( (c)
procure(ent0 and (*) capacit, de-e.op(ent *or di&a&ter reduction.
!"HA i.. a&&i&t the $% 8e&ident "oordinator in the coordinatin+ and
(onitorin+ o* e(er+enc, re.ie* and i((ediate rehabi.itation pha&e *or a period o*
6 (onth&0 throu+h the pro-i&ion o* a di&a&ter (ana+e(ent e;pert. !"HAH& inA
countr, &upport i.. dea. ith a.. abo-e acti-itie& e;pect procure(ent and
di&a&ter reduction. #ota. co&t& are e&ti(ated at $/ Z 1000000.
*tems "otal Cost
$%'6 $/ Z 3500000
!"HA $/ Z 1000000
"otal &ud=et U( M .8A
8e&pon&ib.e $% a+encie&J $%'6 and !"HA
8# (ummarD table on reGuirements bD sector
/ector A(ount
/he.ter $/ Z 2808000000
2ood $/ Z 8707000000
Hea.th $/ Z 700000000
:ater L /anitation $/ Z 504000000
A+ricu.ture $/ Z 900000
Initia. rehabi.itation o* e&&entia. *aci.itie& $/ Z 500000000
9ducation $/ Z 406000000
"oordination and (ana+e(ent $/ Z 4500000
4rand total U( M 23/A.A
262
1# *mplementation arran=ements
#he re)ue&ted re.ie* ite(& are a-ai.ab.e in "hina0 and ca&h contribution&
are there*ore (o&t &uitab.e. #here i& a po&&ibi.it, that the hu+e de(and *or the&e
ite(& o-er the ne;t *e (onth& (a, .ed to te(porar, &horta+e. In thi& ca&e
appropriate contribution& in Ikind can a.&o be con&idered and donor& are
re)ue&ted to contact the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator in >ei=in+.
'onor& &hou.d (ake their contribution& either throu+h the $nited %ation&
!**ice *or the coordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA 4ene-a) or direct., to
the co(petent $nited %ation& a+enc, or a+encie&. #he re.ie* pro+ra((e i.. be
i(p.e(ented b, counterpart +o-ern(ent (ini&trie& under the coordination o* the
7ini&tr, o* "i-i. A**air&0 a& e.. a& b, %4!&.
Appropriate $% a+encie& i.. be re&pon&ib.e *or (onitorin+0 coordination
and reportin+ on the pro+re&& the ork. <oca. procure(ent o* re.ie* &upp.ie& i..
be undertaken b, the $nited %ation& a+encie& concerned. 'i&tribution i.. be
done b, the 4o-ern(ent. #he o-era.. (onitorin+ i.. be (ana+ed b, the $nited
%ation& 'i&a&ter (ana+e(ent #ea( in >ei=in+0 under the .eader&hip o* he $nited
%ation& 8e&ident "oordinator.
4#1#8,o;ambiGue Floods 5 FebruarD 2///
,o;ambiGue
F)OOD(
*nternational Appeal of the 4oCernment of ,o;ambiGue
263
For Emer=encD %elief and *nitial %ehabilitation
*n collaboration :ith the United Nations A=encies
(28 FebruarD 2 to 28 Au=ust 2!
,aputoA ,o;ambiGue
23 FebruarD 2
** O<E%<*E6
2# Appeal ObBectiCe
!n 10 2ebruar, 20000 the 4o-ern(ent o* 7o?a(bi)ue appea.ed to the
internationa. co((unit, *or $/ Z 2.7 (i..ion to i(p.e(ent e(er+enc,
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance *o..oin+ &e-ere *.oodin+ cau&ed b, hea-, rain&0 hich
had initia.., a**ected 7aputo and 7ato.a citie&. /ub&e)uent.,0 *.oodin+ ha& a.&o
a**ected (u&t o* 7aputo and 4a?a pro-ince& and the centra. portion& o*
7o?a(bi)ue. 2ie.d a&&e&&(ent carried out b, nationa. authoritie&0 in
co..aboration ith aid a+encie& and the $nited %ation& 'i&a&ter A&&e&&(ent and
"oordination #ea( ($%'A")0 e&tab.i&hed the ur+ent need *or a co(prehen&i-e
approach to the e(er+enc, beteen nationa. and pro-incia. authoritie& and
internationa. partner&.
#he ob=ecti-e o* the $nited %ation& InterAA+enc, Appea. i& to &o.icit
contribution& *or e(er+enc, re.ie* and initia. rehabi.itation in the re+ion& (o&t
a**ected b, the *.ood& a**ectin+ the &e-ere *.oodin+ in 7o?a(bi)ue durin+ the
(onth& o* Danuar, and 2ebruar, 2000. #he co&t o* the +ro&& re)uire(ent& i&
$/Z 130 6310 885 o* hich $/ Z 103950500 ha& a.read, been recei-ed *ro(
donor& .ea-in+ a net re)uire(ent o* $/ Z 1202360385.
264
#hi& appea. co-er& &i; (onth& period0 *ro( 15 2ebruar, to 15 Au+u&t
2000. #he re)uire(ent& o* appea.in+ $nited %ation& a+encie& are ba&ed upon
con&u.tation& on the &ca.e o* the di&a&ter0 capacitie& and re&ource& a-ai.ab.e in
7o?a(bi)ue and priorit, need&. #he&e con&u.tation& ha-e in-o.-ed nationa.
authoritie&0 the $nited %ation& ($%)0 the 8ed "ro&& and nonA+o-ern(enta.
or+ani?ation& (%4!&) ithin and a(on+ the e(er+enc, &ector& in-o.-ed.
I28" i& current., conductin+ an updated a&&e&&(ent o* need& out&ide
7aputo "it, and 6ro-ince and i.. re-i&e it& ori+ina. appea. .aunched on 11
2ebruar, *or other pro-ince&. Attached to thi& docu(ent in Anne; 2 are hi+h.i+ht&
*ro( the I28" appea. docu(ent *or in*or(ation.
"able 2 (ummarD "able on reGuirements bD UN a=encD
UN A=encD 4ross
%eGuirements in
U(M
Donor Contributions
%eceiCed in U( M
Net %eGuirements in U(
M
:26 4221650 830500 3391150
$%I"92 2300866 565000 1735866
:H! 2130000 %one 2130000
2A! 2525904 %one 2525904
$%'6 1544500 %one 1544500
$%9/"! 763365 %one 763365
$%26A 45600 %one 45600
!"HA 100000 none 100000
"O"A) 23132338 23/88 22231338
2# *mpact of the disaster
#orrentia. rain& *ro( 4A7 2ebruar, 2000 co(pounded the *.oodin+ a.read,
cau&ed b, &ea&ona. rain*a..0 .eadin+ to the or&t *.oodin+ in &outhern
7o?a(bi)ue in near., ha.* a centur,. 6recipitation .e-e.& in a**ected area& *ar
e;ceeded .e-e.& nor(a.., recei-ed durin+ the rain, &ea&on. #he accu(u.ation o*
rain*a.. durin+ the threeAda, period in 7aputo 6ro-ince a.on+ reached 455 ((
co(pared to 594.9 (( *ro( /epte(ber 1998 to Danuar, 1999.
265
"able 2 Accumulation of $recipitation per (tations 5 . to + FebruarD
,eteorolo=ical (tation $recipitation (in mm!
"han+a.ane 169.9
7aputo I !b&er-ator, 303.0
7aputo I 7a-a.ane 454.5
NaiA Nai 73.0
Inha(bane 132.8
Ei.ancu.o& 132.6
>eira 45.7
Oue.i(ane 22.7
<ichin+a 19.9
/ource0 I%A7
In addition0 hea-, rain*a.. in nei+hbourin+ /outh A*rica0 Pi(babe0 and
/a?i.and *urther e;acerbated the &ituation. 'urin+ the &econd eek o*
2ebruar,0 ater .e-e.& in the re&er-oir& in 7o?a(bi)ue and nearb, ro&e
dra&tica..,. A& a re&u.t o* thi& increa&ed -o.u(e0 de&cended the ri-er& o* <i(pop0
Inco(ati and $(be.u?i. #he pro-ince& (o&t a**ected b, the *.ood& are 7aputoF
7aputo0 4a?a0 the northern part o* Inha(bane0 here o-er 1000000 hectare& o*
a+ricu.tura. .and ha-e been *.ooded0 ith &ub&tantia. crop .o&&e&.
A& o* the 20 2ebruar, at .ea&t 70 peop.e0 ere reported to ha-e died
(o&t., b, dronin+. >, the &a(e period0 the +o-ern(ent e&ti(ated that 3000000
per&on& had been direct., a**ected b, the *.ood&0 ha-in+ .o&t either hou&e& or
.i-e.ihood&0 and ere in need o* i((ediate a&&i&tance. #hi& *i+ure a& e;pected
to ri&e0 a& the rain, &ea&on .a&t& up to 7arch. :hi.e thi& docu(ent a& bein+
proce&&ed (2ebruar, 2000 #ropica. ",c.one 39.ine5 (o-ed into the channe. o*
7o?a(bi)ue and a& e;pected to brin+ hea-, rain& to the &outhern and centra.
portion& o* the countr,. 6re.i(inar, a&&e&&(ent o* the i(pact o* c,c.one 39.ine5
hich hit 7o?a(bi)ue *ro( 21A22 2ebruar, 20000 &ho& (o&t., I(ha(bane
(Ei.anku.o and 4o-uro) and /o*a.a (>eira). In*act0 the centra. ho&pita. in
Ei.ancu.o& &u**ered poer *ai.ure hi.e 4o-ino had da(a+e& in hou&e& and the
road a& cut o** *ro( 9%I. In >eira to peop.e died b, e.ectrocution around 90
266
poer toer& ere da(a+ed ith te.ephone *ai.ure and .e*t &o(e hou&e&
roo*.e&&.
6ro-ince #ota. A**ected 6opu.ation
7aputo cit, 110000
7aputo 1100000
6ro-ince
4a?a 600500
Inha(bane 220500
/o*a.a 480000
7anica 210000
#ete 270000
#ota.1 3000000
#he *i+ure& o* the a**ected popu.ation are e;pected to ri&e takin+ into
account &e-ere c.i(atic condition& in 7o?a(bi)ue and the /outhern A*rica
re+ion on the ho.e. ",c.oneAprone pro-ince& &uch a& Pa(be?ia and %a(pu.a0
a& e.. a& other area& not pre&ent., inc.uded in the Appea.0 (a, be a**ected b,
*.oodin+ be*ore the end o* the rain, &ea&on. A**ected popu.ation *i+ure& cou.d be
up to 1000000 in tho&e area&.
%ationa. e**ort& to addre&& thi& e(er+enc, ere (obi.i&ed at the &tart o*
the e(er+enc, *ro( a.. 4o-ern(ent *ro( a.. 4o-ern(ent depart(ent& and
(ini&trie&0 nationa. %4!& and ci-i. &ociet,. #he nationa. re.ie* e**ort ha& been
coordinated b, the In&ituto %aciona. de 4e&tao de "a.a(idade& I %ationa.
In&titute *or 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent (I%4").
In addition0 the internationa. co((unit, operatin+ in countr,0 (donor&0 $%
a+encie&0 the 8ed "ro&& and %4!&) i((ediate., (obi.i&ed to a&&i&t the a**ected
popu.ation0 a& rapid., beca(e c.ear that the di&a&ter p.aced n enor(ou& &train
on the +o-ern(ent. 7o?a(bi)ue i& &tru++.in+ ith the econo(ic con&e)uence&
267
o* a 16 ,ear .on+ interna. con*.ict0 hich ca(e to an end in 1992. A.thou+h it ha&
achie-ed an unu&ua.., hi+h econo(ic +roth rate in recent ,ear&0 .i*e e;pectanc,
doe& not e;ceed and a-era+e to 43.2 ,ear&0 and the in*ant (orta.it, rate &tand&
at 117.56 death&F 10000 .i-e birth& accordin+ to 1999 4o-ern(ent e&ti(ate&.
At the re)ue&t o* the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator in con&u.tation
ith the 4o-ern(ent0 the $nited %ation& !**ice *or the "oordination o*
Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA) di&patched a $%'A" tea( to 7o?a(bi)ue on 11
2ebruar, 2000.
3# (trate=D and $riorities of the Humanitarian %elief Operation
Iniita..,0 the re.ie* operation tar+eted urban area& ithin 7aputo and
7ato.a citie& and the area& *.ooded b, the 7aputo0 Inco(ati0 and <i(popo ri-er&.
#he pro(pt arri-a. o* *i-e he.icopter and to *i;edAin+ aircra*t o* the &outh
A*rican %ationa. 'e*ence 2orce (/A%'2) *aci.itated the de.i-er, o* *ood and re.ie*
&upp.ie&0 a& it a& not po&&ib.e to reach the a**ected area& b, road. 2ood0
hu(anitarian &upp.ie& and a-iation *ue. a& propo&itioned b, road a& *ar a&
po&&ib.e to (ake be&t u&e o* the he.icopter&. %e-erthe.e&&0 the operation co&t
the /outh A*rican 4o-ern(ent Z 1000000 per da,.
#he re.ie* operation can be di-ided into three pha&e&.
$hase *
I((ediate prioritie&
A 8e&cue and e-acuation o* near., 20500 peop.e &tranded b, the *.ood ater
A I((ediate &upp., o* *ood to (a=or &ett.e(ent& cut o** *ro( 7aputo
A A&&e&&(ent o* ater and &anitation0 (edica. re)uire(ent and da(a+e to
ke, in*ra&tructure.
A 9&tab.i&h(ent o* a centra. coordination &tructure *or internationa.
a&&i&tance.
268
$hase 2 (to:ards 3
rd
:eek of FebruarD!
A& the *.ood ater &tarted to &ub&ide0 the re.ie* operation entered a
&econd pha&e. 2.oodin+ on the 7aputo and Inco(ati ri-er&0 and the &tate o* the
da(& at 7a&&in+ir and "uru(ane0 i& no .on+er a (a=or concern. Hoe-er0 the
(ain *ocu& o* the operation i& the <i(popo *.ood p.ain beteen "hoke and the
&ea0 and the &tretch o* da(a+ed road beteen 6a.(eira& and 7acia. #he
da(a+ed &ection o* the road cut& o** thi& area *ro( 7aputo. $nti. thi& i& repair0
the are i.. be depended on the de.i-er, o* re.ie* +ood& and *ood b, air.
!* the tota. nu(ber o* per&on& a**ected0 a.on+ ith the re&t o* the countr,0
a &ub&tantia. nu(ber are e&ti(ated to be .i-in+ in te(porar, &he.ter& and
co((unit, centre&0 here the (a=or need i& *or *ood0 ater0 &anitation
a&&i&tance and ba&ic hea.th &er-ice&. #he (a=or ri&k0 in -ie o* the pre-ai.in+
condition&0 i& an increa&ed incidence o* (a.aria and the threat o* cho.era. #he
&ca.e o* the hea.th prob.e(& (a, not be knon *or &e-era. eek&.
6rioritie&
A "ontinued &upp., o* *ood
A /upp., b, air o* (edica. &upp.ie& and nonA*ood ite(& to the <i(popo *.ood
p.ain
A 9n&ure preparation& are in p.ace *or po&&ib.e (a.aria and cho.era
epide(ic
A 7obi.i&e internationa. &upport *or /A%'2 air operation&
A 9(er+enc, repair& to the 6a.(eira F7acia road
$hase 3
#he popu.ation in the <i(popo ri-er ba&in a& a.read, hi+h., -u.nerab.e
be*ore the *.ood&. It i& nece&&ar, to addre&& thi& throu+h the e&&entia.
in*ra&tructure (hea.thcare &tructure& the 7aputo road) and &upport to a+ricu.ture.
269
#he (arket& in the &i; principa. ton& ("hoke0 7a+ude0 6a.(eira&0 7acia0 NaiA
Nai) are dependent on the 7aputo road. #he, are centra. to the econo(ic .i*e o*
the .oca. hea.th centre&0 da(a+ed or de&tro,ed ou.d be needed *or
preparedne&& a+ain&t a po&&ib.e (a.aria and cho.era epide(ic and *or the
pro-i&ion o* pri(ar, hea.th care. 8epair o* the road0 &upport *or pri(ar, hea.th
care di&rupted b, the *.ood& and a &eed& and too.& pro+ra((e to &upport
a+ricu.ture i.. be the prioritie& in thi& pha&e. In addition0 the rehabi.itation o*
da(a+ed &choo. bui.din+& and re&tockin+ o* &choo.& ith nece&&ar, &upp.ie& i..
be re)uired.
6rioritie&
A /upport *or pri(ar, hea.thcare
A 8epair &choo. and pro-ide educationa. &upp.ie&
A /eed& and too.&
A 6er(anent repair to the 7aputo hi+ha,
(&ee anne; 3)
.# )o=istics situationE *nfrastructure
Acce&& to popu.ation& in need ha& e(er+ed a& the (a=or con&traint *or
nationa. and internationa. e**ort& in addre&&in+ thi& e(er+enc,. 'a(a+e to the
road netork ha& &eriou&., ha(pered both a&&e&&(ent o* need& and de.i-er, o*
a&&i&tance to a**ected *a(i.ie&. "ritica. rai.a,& ha-e either ha-e had their
e(bank(ent& a&hed aa, or are under ater. #he u&e o* boat& i& (o&t.,
ine**ecti-e becau&e o* the dan+er o* &tron+ current& and their &(a.. capacit,. #he
etne&& o* he &oi. ha& rendered air&trip& acro&& the a**ected pro-ince&
i(practicab.e *or hea-, aircra*t. #hi& en-iron(ent ha& re&tricted the (ean& o*
tran&portation to he.icopter and .i+ht p.ane& in &o(e o* the (o&t a**ected area&.
#he nationa. and internationa. partner&0 hoe-er0 are u&in+ road tran&port
here-er po&&ib.e to de.i-er *ood or to po&ition &upp.ie& upAcountr,.
270
#he 4o-ern(entH& pre.i(inar, a&&e&&(ent o* the da(a+e cau&ed b, the
&tor( and rain& on the in*ra&tructure i& a.ar(in+. /e-era. (ain road&0 inc.udin+
the connection& ith /outh A*rica and /a?i.and0 ere &e-ere., a**ected. 2our
brid+e& ere de&tro,ed in the 4a?a 6ro-ince on.,. A& o* the &econd eek o*
2ebruar,0 %ationa. 8oad no. 10 hich connect& the capita. 7aputo ith re&t o* the
countr,0 had been cut at &e-era. .ocation&. #he e(bank(ent& o* &e-era. brid+e&
ere a&hed aa, b, the *.ood&. #he 7o?a(bi)ue 7ini&tr, o* 6ub.ic :ork& and
Hou&in+ e&ti(ated that rep.ace(ent& o* critica. brid+e& and ur+ent repair o* -ita.
acce&& road& ou.d re)uire about $/ Z 30.5 (i..ion. "o&t& *or repair& o*
h,drau.ic &tructure& i& e&ti(ated at $/ Z 4.6 (i..ion and need& *or *.ood contro. i&
$/ Z 9500000. /i(i.ar.,0 the rai.a, and e.ectric netork& re)uire repair&
e&ti(ated to co&t $/ Z 5.95 (i..ion and $/ Z4.5 (i..ion re&pecti-e.,. $rban
re&ett.e(ent re)uire(ent& are e&ti(ated at 3.5 $/ Z (i..ion. 8epair& to the
in*ra&tructure &hou.d be o* hi+h priorit,0 a& a backbone o* the econo(,. #he
pre.i(inar, a&&e&&(ent o* need& in the&e &ector& i& inc.uded in Anne; 3 *or
in*or(ation.
At the on&et o* the di&a&ter0 the 'e*ence 2orce o* /outh A*rica p.aced at
the di&po&a. o* 7o?a(bi)ue the air capacit, o* it& (/A%'2). >eteen 11 and 18
2ebruar,0 a tota. o* 2475 per&on& ere re&cued throu+h thi& e**ort. In addition0
the /A%'2 ha& pro-ided critica. a&&i&tance to nationa. and internationa.
a&&i&tance de.i-er, e**ort&. #he air operation co-ered initia.., *ro( 7aputo and
>eira i& no ba&ed on to (ain .ocation&0 7aputo airport and the e(er+enc,
air&trip at 6a.(eira& about 100 k( *ro( 7aputo toard& NaiANai.
Air a&&et& a-ai.ab.e in countr, a& at 20 2ebruar, 20001
A 5 he.icopter& and 3 *i;ed in+ aircra*t operated b, the /A%'2.
A He.icopter& (2N7IA8) and other .i+ht aircra*t operated b, the 7o?a(bi)ue
'e*ence 2orce&.
A A chartered .i+ht aircra*t operated on beha.* o* :26.
271
A A #ran&a.. aircra*t pro-ided on 19 2ebruar, b, the 4o-ern(ent o* 2rance.
A .i+ht he.icopter ha& a.&o been *unded b, $/AI' throu+h :26 *or the
u&e b, the a+encie& and I%4" (up to 60 hour&) *or their a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion& to
otheri&e inacce&&ib.e part& o* the countr,. #he coordination centre e&tab.i&hed
b, I%4" ith a&&i&tance *ro( the $%'A" #ea( run& thi& he.icopter.
8# $rioritD emer=encD needs and reGuirements bD sector
"able 3> &eneficiarD numbers bD sector
(ector No# of beneficiaries
2ood 1100000M
/he.ter 1000000
Hea.th 2200000
:ater and /anitation 2200000
A+ricu.ture and #oo.& 3130000
9ducation 630400
"o((unication 1000000
a-era+e o-er 90 da,&
8#2 Food
!b=ecti-e
2ood i& an e&&entia. ba&ic need and a hi+h priorit, in ter(& o* e(er+enc,
re)uire(ent&. #he i((ediate ob=ecti-e o* the :26 e(er+enc, *ood a&&i&tance i&
to &a-e .i-e& and (aintain hea.th and acceptab.e nutrition &tatu& o* tho&e in rura.
area& ho ha-e .o&t crop& and hou&eho.d *ood &tock&0 tho&e in urban area& ho
ha-e .o&t (ean& o* inco(e and acce&& to *ood0 and tho&e in te(porar, &he.ter&
ho are di&p.aced. A hi+h proportion o* the&e peop.e ha-e .o&t ho(e& and their
po&&e&&ion&. :hen condition& per(it a return ho(e o* the di&p.aced popu.ation0
the *ood a&&i&tance ob=ecti-e i.. be to &upport reco-er, and rehabi.itation
acti-itie& throu+h *ood I*orAork.
272
Du&ti*ication
7o&t o* the cu.ti-ated .and in the &outhern re+ion i& a**ected. About to
third& o* the cu.ti-ated area& (1000000 ha) ha& po&&ib.e been .o&t0 tota..in+
re&pecti-e., 300000 and 700000 ha in 7aputo and 4a?a. <o&&e& in /o*a.a
6ro-ince (a, be a& (uch a& 300000 ha0 7anic and #ete 6ro-ince& about 200000
ha. #hi& potentia. .o&& i& a.read, tice a& hi+h a& an, pre-iou& .o&& recorded due
to *.ood&. A &ub&tantia. nu(ber o* the popu.ation a**ected b, the *.ood& ere
a.read, .i-in+ be.o the po-ert, .ine and con&idered to be hi+h., -u.nerab.e in the
conte;t o* *ood &ecurit,. 'a(a+e to the nationa. road and brid+e& had re&u.ted in
.i(ited0 i* not i(po&&ib.e acce&& to the a**ected popu.ation b, road.
#he *ood a&&i&tance inc.ude& (ai?eF(ai?e(ea.0 bean&0 oi. and &u+ar. #hi&
ration pro-ide& 20170 kea.0 60 +ra(& o* protein and 40 +ra(& o* *at and i&
&ati&*actor, under the current condition&. A *a(i., re.ie* pack i& a.&o bein+
&upp.ied containin+ the &a(e *ood&tu**&0 ith the addition o* &oup. Hi+h ener+,
bi&cuit& i.. be pro-ided to chi.dren and adu.t& ho &u**er *ro( (a.nutrition.
/trate+,
:ith *ood &tock& a.read, in Icountr, *or current de-e.op(ent acti-itie&0
:26 ha& acce&&ed the&e &tock& to re&pond i((ediate., to the *ood
re)uire(ent& o* tho&e a**ected b, the *.ood in the &outhern pro-ince& (7aputo0
4a?a and Inha(bane)0 the citie& o* 7aputo and 7ato.a0 and the centra.
pro-ince& (/o*a.a and 7anica). :26 ha& .aunched an o**icia. 9(er+enc,
!perationa. 6ro=ect (97!6) to be ab.e to rep.ace &tock& and *or(a.i&e the
a&&i&tance a& an e(er+enc, inter-ention. #he 97!6 i& re*.ected in thi&
docu(ent bud+et. In addition0 :26 ha& purcha&ed *a(i., *ood pack& throu+h
*und& *ro( the /26 i((ediate re&pon&e e(er+enc, (echani&(. #he tota. co&t
i& $/ Z 1810000 *or *ood0 tran&port0 nonA*ood ite(& and operationa. e;pen&e&.
273
2ood i& bein+ tran&ported i& &e-era. a,&. It i& bein+ trucked *ro( 7aputo
*or preApo&itionin+ in 7anhica and 6a.(eira0 *ro( here it i& air.i*ted. Air.i*tin+
ha& a.&o been u&ed in /o*a.a 6ro-ince hi.e in Inha(bane road tran&port ha&
been po&&ib.e. 2a(i., *ood pack& i.. be air.i*ted. A& &oon a& road acce&&
i(pro-e& the air.i*t i.. no .on+er be re)uired.
:26 .aunched a .oca. re)ue&t *or *und& to charter an aircra*t to .i*t *ood
and nonA*ood ite(&0 and increa&e the air.i*t capacit,. #hi& initiati-e ha& been e..
recei-ed ith donor contribution& co(in+ in a+ain&t the tota. bud+et o* Z 5980400.
:26 ha& a.&o recei-ed *und& *or po&itionin+ a he.icopter dedicated to a&&i&t
+o-ern(ent0 $%0 %4!& to increa&e capacit, to a&&e&& need&.
!* the 300000 peop.e e&ti(ated to be a**ected0 :26 i.. pro-ide *ood
a&&i&tance to 1100000 peop.e .ocated in the area& de&cribed abo-e o-er a period
o* 90 da,& (.ate 2ebruar, throu+h .ate 7a, 2000). !ut o* thi& nu(ber0 600000
chi.dren i.. recei-e hi+hAener+, bi&cuit&.
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or I(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution 1 I%4"
6artner $% a+enc, 1 :26
#he pro-i&ion o* e(er+enc, *ood i& one o* the (a=or re.ie* acti-itie&
coordinated b, the 4o-ern(ent throu+h the I%4". 8e)uire(ent& announced b,
the .oca. authoritie& are a&&e&&ed =oint., b, +o-ern(ent0 $%0 %4! and donor
repre&entati-e&.
2ood di&tribution on &ite i& the re&pon&ibi.it, o* both .oca. co((ittee& o*
the *.ood di&p.aced0 (ain., co(po&ed o* o(en. /e.ected %4!& are a.&o
he.pin+ ith *ood tran&port and hen po&&ib.e0 di&tribution and (onitorin+.
6ro-incia. +o-ernor&0 cit, counci.& and di&trict ad(ini&tration& are a.&o ke,
p.a,er& in the i(p.e(entation o* the *ood di&tribution.
274
:26 ha& *ood (onitor& po&itioned in ke, di&tribution point to en&ure
re+u.ar *eedback o* in*or(ation0 reportin+0 and a&&e&&(ent& o* the &ituation.
&ud=et
2ood $% A+enc, $/ Z
7ai?e (4950 7#) :26 9900000
6u.&e& (4957#) :26 1980000
Ee+etab.e !i. (1987#) :26 1600380
/u+ar (198 7#) :26 490500
Hi+h 9ner+, >i&cuit& (557#) :26 770000
2a(i., 2ood 6ack& :26 990833
/ubA#ota. 105740713
%onA2ood ite(&
(Citchen &et& L 8eco-er, ite(&) :26 3110000
A&&e&&(ent L 2o..oAup :26 900500
#ran&port
(9;terna.FInterna. FAir >rid+e) 105340265
!perationa. and /upport "o&t& 7110172
#ota. 402210650
8#2 Health
!b=ecti-e&
#o increa&e capacit, o* the hea.th &,&te( o* re&pond to the e(er+enc,
#o pre-ent and treat ater borne di&ea&e0 &uch a& cho.era and other
diarrhoea& di&ea&e&
#o treat (a.aria ca&e& a(on+ *.ood -icti(& in a ti(e., (anner and pre-ent
(a.aria outbreak&
#o treat acute re&pirator, di&ea&e in *.ood -icti(&
#o pre-ent epide(ic& o* -accine pre-entab.e di&ea&e&0 &uch a& (enin+iti&
and (ea&.e&.
275
#o pre-ent and treat (a.nutrition a(on+ ,oun+ chi.dren0 and pre+nanat and
.actatin+ o(enJ
#o re&pond to o(enH& &pecia. hea.th need&0 e&pecia.., in reproducti-e
hea.th.
6rob.e( /tate(ent FDu&ti*ication *or Appea.
7an, o* the a**ected area& o* the citie& o* 7aputo and 7ato.a and the
pro-ince& o* 7aputo0 4a?a0 Inha(bane and to a .e&&er e;tent /o*a.a0 are &ti..
ithout acce&& to &a*e drinkin+ ater0 hea.th care and other ba&ic &er-ice&. 7o&t
o* the popu.ation in need o* hu(anitarian a&&i&tance i& di&p.aced peop.e ho are
current., hou&ed in te(porar, &he.ter&.
!* the 3000000 peop.e a**ected b, the *.ood&0 600000 are chi.dren under
*i-eA,ear& o* a+e0 (o&t o* ho( ha-e had .itt.e *ood an &a*e drinkin+ ater &ince
the be+innin+ o* the *.oodin+. 8eport& recei-ed *ro( the a**ected area& &ho an
increa&e in the nu(ber o* ca&e& o* &e-ere and (oderate (a.nutrition a(on+
chi.dren.
Inade)uate &anitar, condition& ha-e &i+ni*icant., increa&ed the nu(ber o*
co((unicab.e di&ea&e& and the ri&k o* outbreak& &uch a& (a.aria and cho.era.
#he &ta+nant *.ood ater and the hea-, concentration o* peop.e in te(porar,
&he.ter& ha-e dra&tica.., increa&ed the incidence o* (a.aria. !utbreak& o*
-accine pre-entab.e di&ea&e &uch a& (ea&.e& and (enin+iti& are a.&o (a=or
threat&0 to hich i((ediate re&pon&e i& needed.
An e&ti(ated 150300 o* the 3000000 per&on& a**ected0 are pre+nant
o(en0 o* ho( 40600 are e;pected to de.i-er ithin the co(in+ three (onth&.
#he&e o(en re)uire &pecia. attention and ur+ent care to en&ure &a*e de.i-er,.
9-en under nor(a. circu(&tance&. 7o?a(bi)ue ha& one o* the hi+he&t (aterna.
(orta.it, rate& in the or.d (1059 per 1000000 .i-e birth).
276
Hea.th &er-ice& in the a**ected area& are o-erhe.(ed b, the nu(ber o*
patient& and are orkin+ be,ond capacit,. 'ru+ &tock& are runnin+ out0 and there
i& a &eriou& &horta+e o* hea.th orker&.
/trate+,
/upport to coordination
8apid a&&e&&(ent
Hea.th and nutrition need& o* a**ected popu.ation
Hea.th &,&te( capacit, to re&pond to the e(er+enc,
'i&ea&e pre-ention and contro.
9n-iron(enta. hea.th
#reat(ent o* co((on i..ne&&e&1 (a.aria0 diarrhoea di&ea&e&0 and acute
re&pirator, in*ection&J
9pide(ic& preparedne&& and re&pon&e
I((uni?ation
/ocia. co((unication
6re-ention and treatat(ent o* (a.nutrition a(on+ ,ound chi.dren
#reat(ent o* &e-ere (a.nutrition
/upp.e(entation o* -ita(in A
4roth (onitorin+ and &ur-ei..ance
8eproducti-e hea.th care
".ean de.i-er,
6ro-i&ion o* IronF*o.ic acid
/#' pre-ention L *a(i., p.annin+
Hea.th in*or(ation &,&te(
8apid a.ert &,&te( *or detection o* epide(ic& and (a.nutrition
!perationa. and <o+i&tic &upport0 inc.. #ran&port throu+h he.icopter
277
%esponsibilitD for implementation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution1 7I/A$
6artner $% A+enc,J $%I"920 :H! and $%26A
$% &upport ai(& to &tren+then nationa. capacit, to i(p.e(ent and
coordinate hu(anitarian a&&i&tance. #he appea.in+ a+encie& i.. ork pri(ari.,
throu+h nationa. counterpart& and .oca. authoritie& u&in+ e;i&tin+ coordination
(echani&(& under the u(bre..a *or the I%4". #he a+encie& i.. ork in
partner&hip ith the 7ini&tr, o* Hea.th (7!H)0 the 8ed "ro&& and a nu(ber o*
%4!& (7/20 /"2A$C0 Action contre .a 2ai().
&ud=et (U(M!
Description UN*CEF 6HO UNF$A "O"A)
"oordination 500000 500000
9&&entia. dru+& 5000000 6000000 101000000
"ho.era ca(p&0 hea.th care in &he.ter& 800000 4200000 5000000
/upport to I((uni?ation ca(pai+n
inc.. #ran&port co&t
2000000 2000000
/ocia. co((unication co((unit,
(obi.i?ation
500000 450000 950000
/ubtota. 8300000 101150000 19450000
#reat(ent o* &e-ere (a.nutrition (e&t.
20200 &e-ere., (a.nouri&hed)
1000000 1000000
7icro nutrient& (-it. A) 200000 200000
/ub tota. 1200000 1200000
8eproducti-e hea.th
".ean de.i-er, kit& 1 kit F100000 peop.eF
3 (onth&
380000 380000
"o((unication e)uip(ent 900000 900000
#echnica. a&&i&tance 600000 600000
/ub tota. 1500000 1500000
#ota. 202530000
<o+i&tic& and op&. /upport co&t 1900000 2530000 70600 3950600
4rand #ota.1 101400000 105180000 450600 207030600
8#3 6ater and (anitation
!b=ecti-e&
278
A&&i&t in the pre-ention o* outbreak& o* cho.era and other aterAborne
di&ea&eJ
9n&ure acce&& o* a**ected popu.ation to &anitation *aci.itie&J
/upport the pro(otion o* per&ona. and en-iron(enta. h,+iene in a.. a**ected
area&.
6rob.e( /tate(ent and Du&ti*ication
7an, o* the a**ected area& are &ti.. ithout acce&& to &a*e drinkin+ ater
and &anitation *aci.itie&. A.thou+h ater &upp.ie& in 7aputo and 7ato.a citie& are
co(in+ back to nor(a. (uch ork &ti.. need to be done in the Inco(ati and
<i(popo -a..e,. 7an, ater &upp., &,&te(& in 4a?a0 7aputo and Inha(bane
pro-ince& are current., under ater ith &eriou& da(a+e to pu(pin+ and
treat(ent ork&. In addition0 the &(a.. &,&te(&0 e..& and boreho.e& etc. are
*.ooded and conta(inated.
/anitation i& a prob.e( in a.. *.ooded area&0 increa&in+ the nu(ber o*
ca&e& o* diarhoea and other co((unicab.e di&ea&e& and the ri&k o* a cho.era
outbreak. A *e con*ir(ed ca&e& o* cho.era ha-e a.read, been reported in the
7aputo and /o*a.a pro-ince&. #he (o&)uitoA*riend., en-iron(ent cau&ed b,
&ta+nant *.oodater and poor &anitation0 co(bined ith the hi+h concentration o*
peop.e in di&p.aced &ett.e(ent&0 ha-e &i+ni*icant., increa&ed the nu(ber o*
(a.aria ca&e&. 8eport& &ho that the (a.aria ca&e& are at .ea&t three ti(e&
hi+her in *.ooded area& than in nor(a. condition&.
/trate+,
H,+iene pro(otion *ocu&&in+ on per&ona. h,+ieneFhand a&hin+0 proper
(ana+e(ent and &tora+e o* ater &upp., in the ho(e and .atrine u&e.
/anitation initiati-e& *ocu&&in+ on &oap di&tribution0 the con&truction o* &i(p.e
.atrine& and here appropriate0 the rehabi.itation o* e;i&tin+ &anitation
279
*aci.itie&. #he priorit, i& to &upport the pro-i&ion o* &anitation *aci.itie& in
di&p.aced peop.eH& &he.ter0 &choo.& and hea.th *aci.itie&.
:ater &upp., initiati-e&0 hich cou.d be an indi-idua. or co(bination o*
indi-idua. acti-itie& in the *o..oin+ area&1 indi-idua. ch.orinatin+ o* hou&eho.d
ater &upp.ie&0 c.eanin+ Fdi&in*ection o* e;i&tin+ e..& and boreho.e&0 )ua.it,
contro. pro-i&ion o* Derr, cane&0 ater tran&port i.e. and &(a.. repair& and
treat(ent &,&te(& da(a+ed in the *.ood&.
'i&in*ection o* hou&in+ and &he.ter&1 pro-i&ion o* che(ica.&F&pra,in+
e)uip(ent and c.eanin+ e)uip(ent to di&in*ect hou&e& and &he.ter&.
9-acuation o* &o.id a&te1 pro-i&ion o* too.&0 &ho-e.&0 bucket& an protecti-e
c.othin+0 etc. #hi& i.. a.&o inc.ude a co((unication ca(pai+n to pro(ote
appropriate di&po&a. and bur,in+ o* &o.id a&te a& part o* the po&t *.ood c.ean
up.
#he abo-e are prioritie& a+reed in the inter&ectora.0 interAa+enc, &upport
+roup. #hi& +roup a& created to &upport and coordinate the e(er+enc,
re&pon&e in the ater and &anitation &ector&. #he ai( i& to en&ure that an
inte+rated ater0 &anitation and h,+iene pro(otion i.. be pur&ued in a.. area&.
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or i(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution1 7!6H
6artner $% A+enc,1 $%I"92 F:H!
$% &upport ai(& to &tren+then nationa. capacit, to i(p.e(ent and
coordinate hu(anitarian a&&i&tance. #he appea.in+ a+encie& i.. ork pri(ari.,
throu+h .oca. authoritie& and %4!& u&in+ e;i&tin+ coordination (echani&(&
under the u(bre..a o* the I%4".
(-) >ud+et ($/ Z)
Description UN*CEF 6HO "O"A)
280
8apid A&&e&&(ent 300000 300000 600000
6ro-i&ion o* &anitation *aci.itie& 2000000 2000000
"h.orination o* ater 300000 300000
/ource& (15 ton& o* ch.orine)
H,+iene pro(otionAeducation 500000 300000 800000
:ater &upp., (pu(pin+ e)uip(ent0
&itch+ear0 pi(pin+ and .abour)
3000000 3000000
9(er+enc, ater &upp., (truckin+ o* ater0
ater tank&Fb.adder&0 =errican&0 etc.)
1000000 1000000
'i&in*ection o* hou&in+ and &he.ter&
(che(ica.F&pra,in+ e)uip(ent0 c.eanin+
e)uip(ent0 di&po&ab.e0 etc.)
260k0000 2600000
9-acuation o* &o.id a&te (too.&0 &ho-e.&0
bucket& and protecti-e c.othin+0 etc.)
500000 2000000 2500000
<o+i&tic& and operationa.F&upport co&t 1520000 1020000 2540000
#ota. 912000 612000 1524000
8#. (helter
!b=ecti-e
#he ob=ecti-e i& to pro-ide i((ediate te(porar, &he.ter and ba&ic
re&ett.e(ent (ateria.& to peop.e interna.., di&p.aced a& re&u.t o* *.ood&.
Du&ti*ication
1000000 peop.e in the pro-ince& o* 7aputo and 4a?a ha-e been di&p.aced
*ro( their -i..a+e& da(a+ed b, &e-ere *.oodin+. #heir propert, and de..in+&
beca(e &ub(er+ed underater o &ept aa, b, the current&. $r+ent ba&ic
&he.ter i& re)uired to a-oid &eriou& outAbreak o* di&ea&e.
/trate+,
/upp., o* 120 tent& *or u&e o* di&pen&arie& and *i.ed hea.th unit&0 &tora+e
*aci.itie& *or peri&hab.e&.
/upp., o* 1250 ro..& o* p.a&tic &heetin+ *or the acco((odation o* 200000
*a(i.ie&.
281
/upp., o* 600000 b.anket& ( 3 per *a(i.,).
/upp., o* 10 ri-erAboat& ith en+ine& *or the de.i-er, o* re&ett.e(ent (ateria.&
to a&&i&t di&p.aced peop.e in i&o.ated area&.
/upp., re&ett.e(ent (ateria.&. (*or detai.& re*er to *ood0 :ater and /anitation
&ection& o* thi& docu(ent).
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or I(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution1 I%4"
6artner $% A+enc, 1 $%'6
#he pro+ra((e *or pro-idin+ &he.ter i.. be coordinated b, the I%4" and
$%'6. I(p.e(entation i.. be carried out in co..aboration ith "ru? Ee.(e.ha de
7o?a(bi)ue ("E7)A the 8ed "ro&& o* 7o?a(bi)ue0 7/20 $%I"920 :26 and
:H!.
>ud+et
*tem UN A=encD U(M
350 #ent& $%'6 3000000
1250 6.a&tic 8o..& (4N 60() $%'6 3500000
600000 >.anket& $%'6 2000000
60 8ubber boat& $%'6 3600000
<o+i&tic& and !peration& &upport
(20U)
$%'6 2420000
#ota. 1452000
8#8 A=riculture
!b=ecti-e
#he ai( in the a+ricu.tura. &ector i& to pro-ide critica. &eed production
input& to *ar(er& in the &outhern and centra. pro-ince& a**ected b, the *.oodin+
&o that the, can be+in to reAe&tab.i&h their *ar(in+ .i-e.ihood& in the *orthco(in+
&econd crop &ea&on (7archFApri. throu+h Dune).
282
Du&ti*ication
9;ce&&i-e rain*a.. *o..oed b, unprecedented *.oodin+ in the &outhern and
centra. pro-ince& cau&ed tre(endou& .o&& to &tandin+ crop& and .i-e&tock. #hi&
&ituation (a, &eriou&., a**ect &ub&e)uent crop p.antin+ in the re+ion in addition
to di(ini&hed )ua.it, o* *ar( *ood &tock&. #he *.ood& ha-e a.&o ki..ed .i-e&tock
and de&tro,ed both *ar( ho(e&tead& and road&. #he .o&& to the *ar(er& in the
a**ected re+ion i& co(pounded b, the *act that a &i+ni*icant nu(ber had a.read,
rep.anted due to irre+u.arit, e;perienced in the rain*a.. pattern.
6re.i(inar, e&ti(ate&0 *ro( pro-incia. authoritie&0 indicate that o-er
1000000 p.anted hectare& ha-e been de&tro,ed and For &eriou&., a**ected. #he
a**ected crop& in the order o* i(portance are (ai?e0 bean&0 rice0 &eet potatoe&0
peanut& and -e+etab.e&.
/trate+,
4o-ern(ent pre.i(inar, e&ti(ate& indicate that 620600 *ar(in+
hou&eho.d& (appro;i(ate., 3130000 peop.e) are a**ected b, the *.oodin+. 'ue to
.i(ited acce&& to the a**ected area&0 e;ten&i-e *ie.d a&&e&&(ent& ha-e not ,et
been po&&ib.e. #he appea. addre&&e& the e(er+enc, need& o* the&e *a(i.ie&
ith a packa+e containin+ 10 k+ o* (ai?e0 3 k+ o* bean& and 10 +ra(& each o*
to(ato0 onion and cabba+e0 a& e.. a& ba&ic too.&. 9(er+enc, -eterinar,
a&&i&tance i.. a.&o be pro-ided. #he acti-itie& to be i(p.e(ented are
&u((ari?ed a& *o..o&1
I((ediate pro-i&ion o* a &tandard e(er+enc, packa+e o* &eed& and too.& to
the or&t a**ected *ar(er& *or crop& to be p.anted in the &econd crop &ea&on
(7arch FApri.)J and
Initiatin+ a (ore inten&i-e and detai.ed a&&e&&(ent o* the e;tent and nature
o* the da(a+e& cau&ed.
283
2o..oin+ the e(er+enc, pha&e0 2A! i.. a&&i&t 7ini&tr, o* A+ricu.ture and
8ura. 'e-e.op(ent (7!A8') in *or(u.atin+ a po&tAe(er+enc, rehabi.itation
pro+ra((e to be co(p.eted b, the 200 I2001 a+ricu.tura. croppin+ &ea&on&
&tartin+ in /epte(ber 2000.
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or I(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution J 7A'8
6artner $% A+enc, 1 2A!
#he a&&e&&(ent o* a+ricu.tura. need& a& done b, 7A'8 in co..aboration
ith 2A!. #he &eed e(er+enc, packa+e& i.. be procured .oca.., and di&tributed
b, the 7A'8 in co..aboration ith $% a+encie&0 %4!0& b, .atera. donor&0 .oca.
authoritie&0 a& e.. a& *ar(er& a&&ociation&. An inAdepth *i.ed a&&e&&(ent i.. be
=oint., conducted b, 7A'A8 and 2A! a& &oon a& the *ie.d condition& a..o.
&ud=et
*tem UN A=encD U( M
9(er+enc, /eed 6acka+e& 7ai?e (565 t)0
>ean& (170t) Ee+etab.e &eed& (1.7 t)
2A! 104500000
#oo.& (Hoe "ut.a&&0 A;e /ick.e) 3000753
/ub tota. 107500753
#ran&port and di&tribution 3500151
'etai.edA a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion 750000
Eeterinar, 3500000
#ota. 205250904
8#1 Education
!b=ecti-e&
#he ai( in addre&&in+ the education &ector i& to (ini(i?e the i(pact o*
*.ood& on the &choo. popu.ation and co((unitie& a**ected area& in the pro-ince&
o* 7aputo "it, and 7aputo0 4a?a and Inha(bane pro-ince&.
#he &peci*ic ob=ecti-e& are to1
7ake a rapid a&&e&&(ent o* the current need& in a**ected &choo.&.
284
Increa&e the education &,&te( capacit, to re&pond to the e(er+enc,
&ituation cau&ed b, *.ood& in (o?a(bi)ue
6ro-ide .earnin+ and teachin+ (ateria.& to chi.dren and teacher& a**ected.
6ro-ide &upp.ie& *or rehabi.itation and c.eanin+ o* &choo.& a**ected b, *.ood&.
6ro-ide ba&ic &choo.& e)uip(ent.
6rob.e( /tate(ent and Du&ti*ication
A& a re&u.t o* the *.ood&0 the &choo. &,&te( in the *our (o&t a**ected
pro-ince& o* 7aputo "it, and 6ro-ince0 4a?a and Inha(bane ha-e been
&ub&tantia.., de&tro,ed. /choo. bui.din+& ha-e been .o&t. #he nu(ber o* &choo.&
a**ected0 reported b, the pro-incia. directorate& o* education0 i& a& *o..o&1
7aputo "it,
17 &choo.& 250500 pupi.& 452 teacher&
7aputo 6ro-ince
62 &choo.& 240000 pupi.& 400 teacher&
4a?a
52 &choo.& 120795 pupi.& 173 teacher&
Inha(bane
10 &choo.& 20150 pupi.& 75 teacher&
#ota.
141 &choo.& 620295 pupi.& 10073 teacher&
/trate+,
/upport to the 7ini&tr, o* 9ducation in the coAordinatin+ the re.ie* acti-itie&.
285
8apid a&&e&&(ent o* the &ituation o* the a**ected &choo. co((unitie&.
6urcha&e and di&tribution o* #eachin+ and <earnin+ 7ateria.& *or a**ected
#eacher& and pupi.&.
6ro-i&ion o* ba&ic &choo. e)uip(ent and &upp.ie& *or the (ini(u(
rehabi.itation o* de&tro,ed &choo.&.
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or I(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution1 7I%9'
6artner $% A+enc,1 $%9/"! $%9/"! (62 &choo.&)0 $%I"92 (79 &choo.&)
&ud=et
Description UNE(CO UN*CEF "O"A)
>a&ic .earnin+ (ateria.& 62.295
&choo.& ; Z 2.71
790556 1050460 1850016
>a&ic teachin+ (ateria.& 1073
teacher&
20306 30059 50365
/choo. e)uip(ent 141 &choo.& 280253 370453 650706
1. /ub tota. 1100115 1450972 2560087
8ehabi.itation and c.eanAup o*
&choo.&
7aputo cit, 2350750 80500 2440250
7aputo pro-ince 790000 310000 1000000
4a?a pro-ince 1500000 1500000
Inha(bane pro-ince 500000 500000
2. &ub tota. 5140 750 39500 5440250
8apid need& a&&e&&(ent 210500 280500 500000
<o+i&tica. and operation& &upport
(20U rehabi.itation)
500000 340894 840894
#ota. 6960365 2480866 9450231
8#+ Communications
!b=ecti-e
#he ob=ecti-e i& to pro-ide co((unitie& a**ected b, &e-ere *.oodin+ ith
authoritati-e0 accurate and ti(e., in*or(ation (and in&truction).
/trate+,
#here i& an i((ediate need to pro-ide in*or(ation to the *.ood -icti(&.
#he, i.. re)uire.
286
In*or(ation on pre*erab.e re*u+e and e-acuation point&J
<ocation o* &ecure &he.ter& and re*u+ee ca(p&J
$pdate& on the eather and on the pro+re&& o* the *.ood ater&J
In*or(ation on the a-ai.abi.it, and .ocation o* e(er+enc, *ood0 *re&h ater
and other &upp.ie&J
7e&&a+e& *ro( per&on& in)uirin+ a& to the e..Abein+ o* *a(i., (e(ber&J
In*or(ation on crop& hich are &uited *or &hort ter( production in the current
en-iron(entJ
In*or(ation *ro( hea.th authoritie& on action& hich (u&t be taken to pre-ent
aterAborne di&ea&e&.
#o thi& e**ect0 the *o..oin+ action& are re)uired1
6rocure and dep.o, a (obi.e 27 radio tra&(itter and &tudio to broadca&t
(e&&a+e& on he.ath to a**ected popu.ation.
'i&tribute 100 indAup radio& to a**ected co((unitie&.
8e&pon&ibi.it, *or i(p.e(entation
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution 1 7#"
6artner $% A+enc,1 $%9/"!F $%26AF:H!
#he radio *aci.it, i.. be under the direct contro.o* I%4". #o+ether ith teh
In&ituto de "o(unicacao /ocia.A In&titute o*&ocia. co((unication(I"/)0 thi&
*aci.it, be re&pon&ib.e *or identi*,in+ announcer& and *or obtainin+ re.e-ant
content *ro( appropriate (ini&trie& a& e.. a& %4!& and other ci-i. &ociet,
entitie&. #he propo&ed *aci.it, can be u&ed in nonAe(er+enc, &ituation& to a&&i&t
in teh trainin+ o* per&onne. *or the *a&t +roin+ co((unit, radio &ector in
7o?a(bi)ue. >oth I"/ and $%9/"! are current., in-o.-ed in co((nit, radio
initiati-e&. It i& e;pected that in the .on+ ter(0 the &tructure& bein+ e&tab.i&hed *or
the (ana+e(ent o* co((unit, radio &tatin& i..0 ith 8adio 7o?a(bi)ue and the
287
I%4". con&titute an i(portant in*or(ation netork to be u&ed in e(er+enc,
&ituation&.
>ud+et
*tem UN a=encD U( M
A (obi.e radio &tation $%9/"! 250000
#hree 4N4 -ehic.e to tran&port
radio&
$%9/"! 300000
#ota. $%9/"! 550000
50 unindin+ radio (*ree *ro(
I%4")
$%9/"!
100 unindin+ radio& $%9/"! 20000
220 -o.t& 4enerator $%9/"! 80500
4rand #ota. 670000
8#3 Co@ordination and ,ana=ement
>ack+round
At the on&et o* the e(er+enc,0 in a+ree(ent ith the 4o-ern(ent o*
7o?a(bi)ue0 the $% o**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA)
dep.o,ed an $%'" tea( to a&&i&t the %4" and the $% 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent
#ea( under the .ead o* the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator. In -ie o*
*aci.itatin+ I%4"H& di&a&ter re&pon&e coordination ro.e0 the $%'A" tea(
*aci.itated the e&tab.i&h(ent o* a "oordination "entre. $%'60 throu+h it&
9(er+enc, 8e&pon&e 'i-i&ion0 i((ediate., (ade $/ Z 500000 a-ai.ab.e to
pro-ide the coordination "entre ith the re)uired &upport0 inc.udin+ co(puterH&
o**ice and co((unication e)uip(ent0 a& e.. a& interpretation and c.erica.
&er-ice&.
!b=ecti-e&
In order *or I%4" to *u.*i. it& e;pected ro.e in coordinatin+ re.ie* a&&i&tance0
it i& e&&entia. that the coordination "entre continue it& acti-itie&. #he ob=ecti-e&
i.. be toJ
288
9n&ure the continuation o* e**ecti-e cooperation beteen 4o-ern(ent
&tructure&0 donor&0 $% or+ani?ation& and other a+encie& in-o.-ed in re.ie* e**ort&.
9-a.uate the o-era.. i(pact o* the *.ood& and (onitor the i(p.e(entation and
the i(pact o* the re.ie* and e(er+enc, rehabi.itation action&.
4uarantee ti(e., and co(p.ete reportin+ o* donation& recei-ed0 recei-ed
a+ain&t the $% appea..
/trate+,
#o achie-e the&e ob=ecti-e&0 the *unctionin+ o* the coordination "entre i..
be en&ured a*ter the departure o* the $%'A" tea( (b, 25 2ebruar, 2000)
throu+h the recruit(ent o* an in*or(ation and reportin+ o**icer and one c.erica.
&ta** *or &i; (onth&. Ade)uate (ean& o* tran&port i.. be pro-ided and &o(e
o**ice &upp.ie& i.. a.&o be procured. !"HA i.. a&&i&t the $% 8e&ident
"oordinator in the coordinatin+ and (onitorin+ o* e(er+enc, re.ie* and
i((ediate rehabi.itation pha&e *or a period o* &i; (oth&0 throu+h the pro-i&ion o*
a di&a&ter (ana+e(ent e;pert.
#hi& i.. a..o I%4" to a&&e&& the i(pact o* the current *.ood&0 (onitor the
i(p.e(entation and i(pact o* the re.ie* and rehabi.itation acti-itie&0 and the
need& *or *urther inter-ention. !n the ba&i& o* thi& e;perience the coordination
centre& i.. *or(a.i&e the procedure&0 &tructure& and (ethodo.o+ie& *or &uch
acti-itie& in the *uture. An e-a.uation i.. be carried out o* .e&&on& .earned0 &o that
the, can be inte+rated into the %ationa. 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent 6.an.
>ud+et
4o-ern(ent 8e&pon&ib.e In&titution1 I%4"
6artner $% A+encie& 1 $%'6F !"HA
289
#he e&ti(ated bud+et *or the *unctionin+ o* the I%4" "oordination "entre
and the e-a.uation1
*tem UN a=encD U( M
'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent 9;pert !"HA 1000000
In*or(ation and 8eportin+
!**icer
$%'6 240000
".erica. &ta** $%'6 60000
3<e&&on& .earned5 con&u.tanc, $%'6 200000
'ri-er $%'6 20500
4;4 -ehic.e $%'6 300000
!**ice &upp.ie&0 *ue.0
co((unication&
$%'6 100000
#ota. 1920500
Anne; 11 "o..aboration ith %4!&F #he 8ed "ro&&
/ector %4!&F I28"
2ood Action Aid0 "arita&0 "oncern0 :or.d
Ei&ion0 ""70 /"2A$/0 7>9$
Hea.th I28"0 7/20 /"2A$C0 A"2
:ater L /anitation !N2A7
A+ricu.ture #o be identi*ied
9ducation 89'' >arna0 /"2
Anne; 2J 9;tract& *ro( I28" Appea. no 04F2000 .aunched on 11 2ebruar, 2000.
#he "o(p.ete docu(ent can be *ound on the I28" eb&iteJ
.I28".or+
7o?a(bi)ue 2.ood& Appea. %oJ 04F2000 11 2ebruar, 2000.
#hi& appea. &eek& ("H2 205550250 in ca&h and &er-ice& to a&&i&t 100000
bene*iciarie& *or 6 (onth&.)
%ed Cross Action
1. Hea.th
6ro-i&ion o* *ir&t Aid
290
Ho(e -i&it& to +i-e ba&ic pre-enti-e hea.th education
9&tab.i&h(ent o* 2ir&t Aid 6o&t& in area& ithout &anitation.
"ho.rination o* ater &upp.ie&
2. /upp.e(entar, acti-itie&1
6&,cho.o+ica. &upport to trau(ati?ed *.ood -icti(&
2undArai&in+ in ca&h and kind to a&&i&t *.ood -icti(&
/pecia. attention i& paid to the need& o* -u.nerab.e e.der.,0 o(en and
chi.dren0 (an, o* ho( ha-e been (ade de&titute.
3. "oordination
#he 7o?a(bi)ue 8ed "ro&& /ociet, i& the on., hu(anitarian or+ani?ation
per(anent., repre&ented at the I%4" and p.a,& an i(portant *unction a& ad-i&er
to thi& bod,. #he 78"/ ha& repre&entation at e-er, throu+hout 7o?a(bi)ue.
4. A&&e&&(ent o* %eed&
#he appro;i(ate., 100000 peop.e o* the peop.e ho ha-e been e-acuated
into 4reater 7aputo need &he.ter0 b.anket&0 hea.thcare0 potab.e ater0 &anitation0
and &ocia. &er-ice&. :26F4o-ern(ent i.. (eet *ood re)uire(ent& but the 8ed
"ro&& i.. o**er their &upport i* needed. #hi& appea. i& to inc.ude capacit, bui.din+
ithin the nationa. &ociet, and to &upport i(p.e(entation. 8e)uire(ent& are1
400 tent& *or &he.ter
5000 b.anket& and 3000 cotton rap&
kitchen uten&i.& (150000)
&oap0 ch.orine0 (edica. kit& (50 6/I and 25 6/2)
(ateria.& *or te(porar, ater &upp.,0 ater puri*ication and .atrine
con&truction
291
7ateria.& *or -ector contro.
"on&truction (ateria.& *or rehabi.itation
2 -ehic.e&
#ran&port0 *ue. and (aintenance
/tora+e co&t&
9&&entia. con&truction (ateria.& *or hou&in+ rehabi.itation
#e.eco((unication&
!**ice (ateria.& and e)uip(ent
#rainin+ and re*re&her cour&ed *or -o.unteer&
5. I((ediate %eed& co-ered b, thi& Appea.
6ro-i&ion o* ade)uate &he.ter0 b.anket& and uten&i.&
6ro-i&ion o* &a*e ater and &anitation *aci.ite&
/upport to 7ini&tr, o* hea.th0 curati-e and pre-enti-e hea.th
#ar+etin+ o* the (o&t -u.nerab.e
/ocia. &er-ice&
6. Anticipated <ater %eed&
8ehabi.itation0 particu.ar., in con&truction o* hou&in+
"ontinuation o* &ocia. &er-ice&0 particu.ar., o* the (o&t -u.nerab.e
Hea.th education and pre-entati-e hea.th (ea&ure&
7. 8ed "ro&& !b=ecti-e&
#he o-era.. ob=ecti-e o* the 78"/ inter-ention i& to pro-ide hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance to tho&e (o&t a**ected b, *.ood in 4reater 7aputo.
292
#o reduce the da(a+e cau&ed b, the *.ood& to the popu.ation in the
pro-ince&0 and to i(pro-e their condition& durin+ the period o* re*u+e and
upon return to their ho(e&.
#he operation ha& the *o..oin+ &peci*ic ob=ecti-e& in the &hort and (ediu(
ter(.
#o pro-ide te(porar, &he.ter and &upport to rehabi.itation o* runined ho(e&.
#o pro-ide *ir&t aid and &upport to the (ini&tr, o* Hea.th
#o di&&e(inate pre-ention hea.th ca&e throu+h the di&tribution o* hea.th
education (ateria.& and ho(e -i&it&.
#o .i(it the occurrence o* di&ea&e& cau&ed b, *.oodin+0 .ack o* &a*e ater and
poor &anitation.
Anne;e 31 In*ra&tructure I4o-ern(ent 8e)ue&t *or a&&i&tance
8oad&0 brid+e&0 8ai.a,& and 9.ectricit, netork.
%oads and &rid=es
/e-era. (ain road&0 inc.udin+ the connection& ith /outh A*arica and
/a?i.and0 ere &e-ere., a**ected a& a (onth o* the *.ood&. /o(e brid+e& ere
da(a+ed or a&hed aa,. #he %ationa. 8oad no. 1 that connect& the "apita.
7aputo ith the re&t o* the countr, ha& been cut at &e-era. p.ace&0 and
e(bank(ent& o* brid+e& ha-e been a&hed aa, b, the ri&in+ ater&. >a&ed
on the *ie.d a&&e&&(ent o* the 7ini&tr, o* 6ub.ic :ork& and Hou&in+ (7!6H)0 an
e(er+enc, inter-ention &trate+, ha& been out.ined that enco(pa&&e& the
*o..oin+ ob=ecti-e&.
8e&toration o* the tran&port .ink& beteen 7aputo and the re&t o* the countr,
and ith the nei+hbourin+ countrie& in order to tran&port per&on& and +ood&.
6re-ent *uture &e-ere in*ra&tructure da(a+e b, natura. di&a&ter&.
293
"reate ba&i& urban road in*ra&tructure in area& *or re&ett.e(ent. /o(e
repair ork ha& a.read, &tarted u&in+ 4o-ern(entH& on *inancia. re&ource&.
2urther *undin+ *ro( the :or.d >ank .oan *or the 8!"/ pro=ect i& bein+
ne+otiated to be+in to addre&& the (ore &eriou& prob.e(&. 76!H e&ti(ate& the
co&t *or the inter-ention &trate+, to be $/Z 30.5 (i..ion. In addition need& *or
te(porar, road &i+n& i& e&ti(ated b, the 7ini&tr, o* #ran&port and
"o((unication at $/Z 310000.
%ail:aD
7o?a(bi)ue 6ort& and 8ai.a,& ha& prepared an e(er+enc, p.an *or the
rehabi.itation o* rai.a, in*ra&tructure in the &outhern part o* the countr, in order
to a..o the reopenin+ o* the 8e&&ano 4arcia .ine to /outh A*rica0 the 4oba .ine
-ia /a?i.and to /outh A*rica and the <i(popo .ine to Pi(babe.
8epair& are a.&o re)uired in the 6ort o* 7aputo and on the /a.(an+a
&ide.ine. #he e&ti(ated co&t *or the rehabi.itation o* the &outhern rai. netork i&
$/ Z 5.95 (i..ion.
ElectricitD net:ork
9.ecticidade de 7o?a(bi)ueA 9.ectricit, 7o?a(bi)ue (9'7)0 the pub.ic
uti.it, re&pon&ib.e *or production0 tran&(i&&ion and di&tribution o* e.ectricit, ithin
the countr,0 ha& prepared a pre.i(inar, &ur-e, report on da(a+ed e.ectricit,
netork due to the *.ood& in the &outhern +rid o* the 9'7 netork. A& a re&u.t0
-i..a+e& &uch a& Pinan-ane and 7a+ude ha-e no e.ectricit,0 thu& re&ortin+ to the
u&e o* +enerator&0 part., pro-ided b, Ita., F!"HA.
$r+ent re)uire(ent& *or recon&truction o* tran&(i&&ion and di&tribution
.ine& and the rehabi.itation o* &ub&tation& and &itchin+ &tation& ha-e been
identi*ied. #he e&ti(ated co&t to repair da(a+e& to the e.ectricit, netork i& $/ Z
294
4.5 (i..ion. #he 4o-ern(ent& o* 'en(ark and %ora, ha-e a.read, indicated
their intention to pro-ide a&&i&tance.
%esettlement %eGuirements
#he (ini&tr, o* 6ub.ic :ork& and Hou&in+ ha& prepared a &ur-e, on
da(a+ed urban in*ra&tructure in the citie& o* 7aputo and 7ato.a. %e area& *or
re&ett.e(ent ha-e been identi*ied0 and the &ubAdi-i&ion into indi-idua. *a(i., p.ot&
i& pre&ent., under a,. #he co&t o* re&ett.e(ent re)uire(ent& i& e&ti(ated at $/
Z 3.5 (i..ion.
HDdraulic structures and flood mana=ement
#he 7ini&tr, o* 6ub.ic :ork& and Hou&in+ ha& carried out a &ur-e, on
da(a+e& to h,drau.ic &tructure& in 7aputo and 4a?a pro-ince& a& i.. a& on
*.ood contro. &ur-e, need&. #he co&t *or repair *or h,drau.ic &tructure& i& $/ Z 4.6
(i..ion and the need& in *.ood contro. &ur-e, are e&ti(ated at $/Z 9500000.
'etai.ed in*or(ation on in*ra&tructure da(a+e and co&t e&ti(ate& are
a-ai.ab.e at the 7ini&tr, o* 6ub.ic :ork&0 the 7ini&tr, o* 7inera. 8e&ource& and
9ner+, and the 7ini&tr, o* #ran&port and "o((unication&.
Anne; 41 "oordination "entre Internationa. In&titute *or 'i&a&ter
7ana+e(ent (I%4")
(tructure
#he 4o-ern(ent o* 7o?a(bi)ue ha& &et up a coordination centre at the
I%4"0 ho&e ai( i& to en&ure coordination beteen the 4o-ern(ent0 #he $%
/,&te(0 internationa. or+ani&ation& and %4!&. /i; coordination de&k& ha-e
295
been e&tab.i&hed at the I%4" to *aci.itate thi&. A $% a+enc,0 and an Internationa.
or+ani&ation ha-e kind., a+reed to be a&&i+ned to each o* the&e de&k& to &upport
the re&pon&ib.e +o-ern(ent depart(ent. !ne repre&entati-e each o* the nationa.
4o-ern(ent depart(ent& concerned and the &ectora. .ead a+encie& (entioned
be.o are (annin+ the &ectora. de&k& e-er, da, *ro( 1530 hour& to 1730 hour&.
2ood (:26)
Hea.th (:H!)
/he.terFacco((odation centre&Fnon *ood ($%'60I28"/)
:ater L &anitationFin*ra&tructure ($%I"92)
#ran&portFcu&to(&Fco((unication& ('2I')
In*or(ation ($%'6)
!**ice hour& o* the coordination centre1 0800A1800hr& &e-en da,& per
eek (unti. *urther notice)
DailD 22hrs Co@ordination briefin=
#he dai., coordination brie*in+ at 1100 (duration 30 (inute&) pro-ide&
update in*or(ation report& on pro+re&&. 9ach o* the de&k ho.d& their on &ector
coordination (eetin+& a& appropriate ith a.. or+ani&ation& in-o.-ed in that
&ector. 'ate& and ti(in+ o* &ector (eetin+& are po&ted on the "oordination
"entre notice board. In*or(ation pro-ided to the "entre i.. be &hared and (ade
a-ai.ab.e to a.. concerned and inte+rated into the dai., &ituation report&.
%ationa. 4o-ern(ent depart(ent& in-ite the hu(anitarian co((unit,
($%0 8ed "ro&&0 and %4!&) a& e.. a& internationa. cooperation partner& to
attend thi& (eetin+.
DailD A=enda
296
:eather *oreca&t
In*or(ation update on &tatu& o* *.oodin+Fda( &ituation
$pdate on nationa. re.ie* e**ort& (7r. Doao Pa(i&&a0 Head o* "oordination
"entre0 I%4")
/ector brie*in+&
Announcements of financial andEor in 5kind donations
2unction o* the &ector de&k&
It i& i(portant that both the 4o-ern(ent depart(ent& and de&i+nated
internationa. or+ani&ation& are repre&ented at the I%4" coordination centre1
#o de-e.op a c.ear &trate+, *or the &ector
#o identi*, prioritie&
#o re&o.-e prob.e(& a& the, ari&e
#o attract donor& *or &peci*ic pro=ect& ithin the &ector
#here i.. be a orkin+ (eetin+ *or head& o* de&k& e-er, e-enin+ at
1700hr& at the coAordination centre.
I&&ued b,1 I%4" "oordination "entre0 7aputo0 and 17 2ebruar, 2000
4#+# AnneF
4#+#2# *tems :hich maD be included in (itrep
A# National response
1. Authoritie& in char+e o* coordination at .oca. .e-e.. <i&t1
%a(e o* or+ani&ation or authorit,
297
%a(e o* o**icia. in char+e
Hi&Fher tit.e
!**ice te.ephone0 *ac&i(i.e0 te.e; no&.
!**ice hour&
9(er+enc, 24Ahour& te.ephone no.
/treet addre&&
2. %ationa.F.oca. or+ani&ation&F&er-ice& carr,in+ out &peci*ic re.ie* action.
<i&t1
%a(e o* or+ani&ation or authorit,
%a(e o* o**icia. in char+e
Hi&Fher tit.e
!**ice te.ephone0 *ac&i(i.e0 te.e; no&.
!**ice hour&
9(er+enc, 24Ahour& te.ephone no.
/treet addre&&
3. 4i-e a brie* de&cription o* t,pe o* re.ie* ork carried out and area o*
operation
/earch and re&cue
9-acuation
6ro-i&ion o* te(porar, &he.ter and per&ona.Fhou&eho.d uten&i.&
7edica. care
'i&tribution o* *ood
:ater and &anitation
8e&toration o* .i*e.ine& and critica. *aci.itie&
298
!ther
4. I& an, detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent o* re.ie* need& under a,Ai* ,e&0
&peci*,
>, ho(
In hich areaF&ector
:hen it i.. be co(p.eted
5. Area& here .oca.Fnationa. re&pon&e capacit, &ee(& to be o-erburdened
A&&e&&(ent
8eceipt and proce&&in+ o* re.ie* +ood&
8e.ie* acti-itie&A(anpoer0 technica. &upport etc.
"oordination
!ther
&# *nternational response
1. Ha-e an, internationa. tea(& arri-ed in the di&a&ter areaH&Ai* ,e&0 indicate1
%a(e o* tea(
Appro;i(ate nu(ber o* (e(ber&
'i&patchin+ countr,For+ani&ation
>rie* de&cription o* *unction&1
7edica. a&&i&tance
<o+i&tic& &upport
A&&e&&(ent
!ther
299
2. Ha-e &peci*ic e;perti&eFtechnica. a&&i&tance been (ade a-ai.ab.e b,
$% a+encie&
Internationa. nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani&ation&
Inter+o-ern(enta. or+ani&ation&0 &uch a& the 9uropean $nion
>i.atera. donor&
!ther internationa. actor&K
3. I* ,e&0 &peci*, and indicate hether thi& e;perti&e i& bein+ u&ed *or a
detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent o* re.ie* need& in certain area&F&ector&.
4. Indicate co((unicationFtran&portF.o+i&tic& &upport pro-ided b,
internationa. actor&
5. 'e&cribe (ain ite(& o* re.ie* +ood& bein+ di&tributed in the di&a&ter area
6. Ha-e an, prob.e(& been encountered ith internationa. a&&i&tance
pro-ided &o *ar0 e.+.
6ro-i&ion o* re.ie* +ood& that are not re)uired
6ro-i&ion o* un&orted0 un.abe..ed re.ie* +ood&
"on+e&tion at certain .o+i&tica. point&
<o+i&tica. prob.e(& created b, internationa. e.e(ent& (tran&port0
contro.0 etc.)
Inade)uate &tora+e
Inade)uate di&tribution
!ther
Estimated Needs for Assistance
300
A. 'e&cribe i((ediate correcti-e action re)uired to (iti+ate e**ect& on the
popu.ation a& indicated in "hapter 1 (in addition to re.ie* (ea&ure& a.read,
under a,)
>. <i&t need& identi*ied *ro( an initia. a&&e&&(ent o* the a**ected area under
&ubAheadin+& a& *o..o&1
/earch and re&cue
7edica. a&&i&tance
/he.ter and per&ona.Fhou&eho.d uten&i.&
:ater and &anitation
2ood
<o+i&tic& (inAcountr, tran&port0 &tora+e and hand.in+ o* re.ie* &upp.ie&)
9;perti&e *or detai.ed &ectora. a&&e&&(ent andFor re&toration o* critica.
*aci.itie&
!ther
". In each ca&e0 de&cribe a& *ar a& po&&ib.e1
:hether contribution& in kind or in ca&h are reco((ended
:hether ite(& o* acceptab.e )ua.it, can be obtained .oca..,0 and
e&ti(ated purcha&e and de.i-er, co&t&
#he preci&e t,pe0 &peci*ication& and )uantitie& o* &upp.ie&0 e)uip(ent
and &er-ice needed
%u(ber& and e;perti&e o* an, per&ona. re)uired
'. :hen app.icab.e0 &peci*, hether re.e-ant data ha-e been checked ith
per&ona. o* the &pecia.i&ed $% a+enc, concerned (:H!0 $%I"920 :260
2A!)
9. :here po&&ib.e0 indicate re.ati-e prioritie& *or the -ariou& ite(&
'o ,ou reco((end that an, &peci*ic a&&i&tance (ea&ure& be pro-ided
b,Fthrou+h !"HA
,eans of DeliCerin= *nternational Assistance
301
A. 'e&cribe .o+i&tic& &,&te( *or receipt and tran&portation o* re.ie* +ood&
arri-in+ in di&a&ter area1
8eco((ended airport(&) or other point& o* entr,A i* re)uired0 indicate
characteri&tic& (&ee <o+i&tic& "hapter *or check.i&t on airport&)
#ran&port *aci.itie& *ro( airportFpoint& o* entr, to di&a&ter areaFdi&tribution
point&
A-ai.abi.it, o* &tora+e &pace0 hand.in+ e)uip(ent0 (anpoer
A-ai.abi.it, o* *ue.
7a=or .o+i&tic& bott.eneck& or prob.e(&
>. Indicate .oca. authorit,(ie&)F&er-ice(&)For+ani&ation(&) or internationa.
or+ani&ation (:260 etc.) in char+e o* coordinatin+ arri-a. o* +ood& andFor
di&tribution. <i&t1
%a(e o* or+ani&ation or authorit,
%a(e o* o**icia. in char+e
Hi&Fher tit.e
!**ice te.ephone0 *ac&i(i.e0 te.e; no&.
!**ice hour&
9(er+enc, 24Ahour& te.ephone no.
/treet addre&&
". 'e&cribe procedure& *or di&tributin+ +ood& to the -icti(&
'. <i&t &er-ice(&)For+ani&ation(&) operationa. on &ite0 ith capacit, to recei-e
and (ana+e internationa. donation&
$rospects
302
A. 'e&cribe trend& in the de-e.op(ent o* the &ituation0 e.+.
Are there &i+n& that .i*e i& returnin+ to nor(a.K
Are there an, particu.ar e-ent& or action& hich (i+ht either acce.erate or
retard the ree&tab.i&h(ent o* &e.*Are.ianceK
4#+#2#UN *nstructions re=ardin= communication :ith the $ress@
(copD of memorandum of 23 April 2/// from the UN
(ecretarD@ 4eneral!
$nited %ation& $%I9/
Intero**ice (e(orandu(
#o
A.. Head o* 'epart(ent&
'ate1 28 Apri.0 1999
#hrou+h
/F" '9.
2ro( #he /ecretar, A4enera.
'9J
/ub=ect $% /ecretariat 8e.ation& ith the 7edia
!b=ect1
1. 6.ea&e *ind attached +uide.ine& on $nited %ationa. /ecretariat re.ation&
ith the (edia. #he, ha-e been re-i&ed in .i+ht o* the di&cu&&ion in the
/enior (ana+e(ent 4roup on 31 7arch.
303
2. I ou.d be +rate*u. i* ,ou ou.d bear the&e +uide.ine& in (ind in ,ou
dea.in+& ith the (edia. 6.ea&e note in particu.ar bu..et point three o*
para+raph 60 hich .i&t& the nu(ber o* o**icia.& authori?ed to &peak on
&en&iti-e i&&ue&. I* ,ou ha-e not a.read, done &o0 ,ou (a, i&h to
de&i+nate &ta** in ,our 'epart(ent& at appropriate.
#hank ,ou0
"c1 7e(ber& o* the /enior 7ana+e(ent 4roup
304
United Nations (ecretariat %elations :ith the
,edia
"he $olicD
1. #he $nited %ation& i& co((ittee to bein+ open and tran&parent in it&
dea.in+& ith the pre&&. It i& in our intere&t to ork ith the (edia )uick.,
and hone&t.,0 and to de-e.op a coherent co((unication& &trate+, ba&ed
on tho&e &a(e princip.e&. :e &hou.d not on., react to e-ent& but0 here
appropriate0 pro=ect the !r+ani?ation[& point o* -ie on i(portant
internationa. de-e.op(ent&. Hoe-er0 e (u&t &o(eti(e& keep
con*idence&A not to (i&.ead or concea.0 but to protect a dip.o(atic
proce&&. !ur (edia po.ic, (u&t there*ore ba.ance the need to be open
and the need to re&pect con*identia.it,.
(peakin= to the press
2. #he principa. -oice o* the !r+ani?ation i& the /ecretar,A 4enera.. He
&peak& to the (edia *re)uent., at Head)uarter& and hen tra-e..in+.
3. 7edia po.ic, i& an inte+ra. co(ponent o* the broader co((unication& and
pub.ic in*or(ation ork o* the !r+ani?ation0 headed b, the $nderA
/ecretar,A4enera. *or co((unication& and 6ub.ic In*or(ation. #he
'irector o* "o((unication in the !**ice o* the /ecretar,A4enera. i&
re&pon&ib.e *or coordinatin+ the de-e.op(ent o* a co((unication &trate+,
that ou.d he.p pro=ect to the or.d[& (edia a coherent and con&i&tent
(e&&a+e *or the or+ani?ation&.
4. #he /ecretar, A +enera.[& /poke&(an and hi& &ta** &peak to =ourna.i&t& on
the /ecretar,A4enera.[& beha.* throu+hout the da,. #he &poke&(an +et&
hi& +uidance direct., *ro( the /ecretar,A4enera. an &enior (e(ber& o* hi&
&ta**. A& the /poke&(an[& &ta** cannot be e;pert in a.. &ub=ect&0 the, &eek
305
the a&&i&tance o* $% &pecia.i&t&A either to pro-ide the( ith in*or(ation
that the, can pa&& on to the pre&&ure to &peak direct., to the =ourna.i&t&
the(&e.-e&.
5. A& a (atter o* princip.e0 e-er, (e(ber o* the /ecretariat (a, &peak to the
pre&&0 ithin .i(it&J
- &peak on., ithin area o* co(petence and re&pon&ibi.it,J
- pro-ide *act&0 not opinion& or co((entJ
- .ea-e &en&iti-e i&&ued to o**icia.& ho are &peci*ica.., authori?ed to
&peak on the( (&ee para+raph 6 be.o)0
(ensitiCe *ssued
6. the nu(ber o* o**icia.& &peakin+ on &en&iti-e i&&ue i& nece&&ari., .i(ited
toJ
- the /poke&(an0 on the ba&i& o* +uidanceJ
- de&i+nated (e(ber& o* the /ecretar,A 4enera.[& &ta** and Head& o*
'epart(ent0 ithin their area& o* co(petenceJ
- &tate authori?ed b, their head& o* 'epart(ent0 on the ba&i& o*
+uidanceJ and
- director& o* $%I"&0 on the ba&i& o* +uidance *ro( Head)uarter&.
7. 2or the &peakin+ on &en&iti-e i&&ue&0 knoin+ the =ourna.i&tH& particu.ar
intere&t in a &tor, can be u&e*u.. /uch in*or(ation can u&ua.., be pro-ided
b, the 'irector o* "o((unication& or the &poke&(an.
306
8. %o &ta** (e(ber &hou.d pre&u(e or pre(ed to &peak *or the /ecretar, I
4enera. or characteri?e hi& -ie& ithout hi& e;p.icit con&ent.
(harin= *nformation
9. 2or the $nited %ation& to co((unicate e**ecti-e., ith the out&ide or.d0
it need& do the &a(e inte+ra..,. /enior o**icia.& &hou.d &hare in*or(ation
ith tho&e under their &uper-i&ion and &hou.d keep each other in*or(ed o*
their (edia acti-itie&.
4round %ules
10. A.. $% o**icia.& &hou.d co(e., &peak to =ourna.i&t& on the recordA that i&0
*or contribution. /o(eti(e&0 thou+h0 o**icia.& &peci*ica.., authori?ed to
addre&& &en&iti-e i&&ue& can +i-e a =ourna.i&t a deeper under&tandin+ o*
an i&&ue b, &peakin+ on back+round. Hoe-er0 it i& -er, i(portant that the
=ourna.i&t kno on hich o* the *o..oin+ ba&e& the con-er&ation i& bein+
conducted1
!n the record1 3e-er,thin+ I &a, can be attributed to (e b, na(e5.
%ot *or attribution (on back+round)1 3donHt attribute thi& to (e b, na(e0 but
rather to a $% o**icia.&5.
!n deep back+round1 3 u&e (, idea& but not (, ord&J donHt attribute to
an,one5.
11. keepin+ the /ecretar,A 4enera.H& /poke&(an in*or(ed o* i(portant
back+round brie*in+& i.. he.p pro-ide an indication o* the i&&ue& that the
(edia i& intere&ted in.
12. It i& uni&e0 and (a, &o(eti(e& be unethica.0 ti te.. one =ourna.i&t0 hat
another i& orkin+ on0 or to &u++e&t that one =ourna.i&t di&cu&& a pendin+
&tor, ith another.
13. !**icia.& &hou.d not *eed that the, ha-e to an&er e-er, )ue&tion0 in
particu.ar an, h,pothetica. one&.
307
H# U%&AN (EA%CH AND %E(CUE
H. 1 8e&pon&ibi.itie& o* partner& in-o.-ed in internationa. urban /earch and
8e&cue operation& (/A8) (p.1)
H.2 >a&ic 2act& (p.3)
H.2.1. #,pe& o* "on&truction and "o..ap&e 6ro*i.e (p.4)
H.2.2. >ui.din+ !ccupanc, (p.4)
H.2.3. Ha?ard& (p.4)
H.2.4. #i(e 2actor
H.2.5. /earch and 8e&cue 6ha&e& a*ter an 9arth)uake (p.5)
H.3 A&&e&&(ent and 8e&pon&e (p.6)
H.3.1 /earch and 8e&cue A&&e&&(ent "heck.i&t (p.6)
H.4 'utie& o* an !/!"" &upportin+ /A8 tea(& a*ter an earth)uake (p.9)
H.4.1 !perationa. check.i&t *or action& to be taken hi.e e&tab.i&hin+ an
!/!"" *or /A8 operation& (p.13)
H.5 Anne;
I%/A8A4 7arkin+& durin+ a /A8 operation (p.15)
H#2# %esponsibilities of partners inColCed in international urban
(earch and %escue operations
*ntroduction
Internationa. $rban /earch and 8e&cue (/A8) a&&i&tance i& an e;tre(e.,
co(p.e; and *a&t (o-in+ *or( o* internationa. a&&i&tance nor(a.., pro-ided
i((ediate., on occurrence o* an earth)uake a**ectin+ an urban area&. 2or it to
be &ucce&&*u.0 each o* the partner& in-o.-ed i.e. !"HA0 the a**ected countr, and
the a&&i&tin+ countr, (u&t be aare o* their re&pon&ibi.itie& hich are out.ined
308
be.o. #he $%'A" tea( (e(ber& i.. be re)uired to &et up an !/!"" and it&
re.ated *unction& (8eception and de&patch) *or internationa. /A8 tea(&.
1. !"HA 8e&pon&ibi.itie&
7aintain an upAtoAdate Internationa. /A8 'irector,
'i&tribute Ad-i&orie&0 A.ert&0 Acti-ation&0 /ituation 8eport&0 8e)ue&tF
Appea.& *or a&&i&tance.
"oordinate the di&patch o* /A8 #ea(&.
'i&patch o* $%'A" #ea( a& appropriate.
9&tab.i&h an !/!"" 8eception "enter.
9&tab.i&h an !/!"".
2o..o Aup on a**ected countr, re&pon&ibi.itie&.
3. A**ected "ountr, 8e&pon&ibi.itie&
A**ected countr, to pro-ide inAcountr, tran&port (per&onne.F
e)uip(ent)1
:i.. pro-ide identi*ied .oca. tran&portation.
2ue.& a& re)uired.
A**ected countr, need& to (ake a-ai.ab.e needed &upport *aci.itie&.
>a&e o* !peration&.
/ecurit, *or re&ource& i.. be pro-ided b, the a**ected countr,.
6er&onne.0 e)uip(ent and *aci.itie&.
A**ected countr, i.. i&&ue proper ai-er&.
9(er+enc, (edica. practice0 contro..ed dru+&.
309
"anineFdo+ )uarantine re)uire(ent&0 c.earanceF -i&a0 &pecia.i?ed
co((unication& e)uip(ent.
Interpreter& i.. be pro-ided b, the a**ected countr,.
Abi.it, to pro-ide.
"o(pre&&ed +a&e&0 *ue.&.
24Ahour point o* contact.
4. A&&i&tin+ "ountr, 8e&pon&ibi.itie&
A&&i&tin+ countr, to bear the co&t o* dep.o,(ent.
4etaa, *or( ti(e o* acti-ation1
:ithin ten hour& *or air tran&port.
:ithin ei+ht hour& *or +round tran&port.
/e.*A &u**icienc,1
2or ten operationa. da,&.
2ood0 ater0 tea( (edica. &upport0 &he.ter0 etc.
Abi.it, to &e.*Are&upp.,.
6riorit, on takin+ care o* ,our on.
Incident 7ana+e(ent /tructure1
"o((and and contro..
8e&pondin+ re&ource& p.ace (ini(a. burden on a**ected countr,1
9;ception& are co(pre&&ed +a&e&0 *ue.0 inAcountr, tran&port.
Interna.F e;terna. co((unication&.
310
6er*or( &earch and re&cue operation&.
6ro-ide &ta** and .o+i&tica. &upport to $%F!/!"" operation&0 a&
re)ue&ted1
>e prepared to pro-ide (ana+e(entF .iai&onAt,pe per&onne..
It i& reco+ni?ed that the /A8 7edica. *unction0 con&iderin+ it&
)uantitie& o* (edicine&0 e)uip(ent0 and hi+h., trained (e(ber&0
(a,0 in &o(e in&tance&0 be \handin+ o**\ a potentia.., un&tab.e
patient to a .e&& &ophi&ticated0 interi( .e-e. (edica. pro-ider *or
patient tran&port to de*initi-e care. #hi& i& con&idered to be &tandard
practice under the circu(&tance& o* di&a&ter operation&.
/ta** #ea( ith )ua.i*ied per&onne. capab.e o* per*or(in+ (u.tip.e
*unction&1
/ta**ed to conduct 24Ahour operation&.
<en+th o* dep.o,(ent o* up to (ini(u( o* 14 da,&.
#ea( (e(ber& ha-e appropriate inocu.ation&F i((uni?ation& *or
a**ected countr,.
#ea( be tho&e re+u.ar., a&&i+ned to conduct /A8 operation& in their
on countr,0
#ea( (e(ber& ha-e appropriate tra-e. docu(ent&.
#ea( (e(ber& ha-e appropriate trainin+ (i.e. $%98).
A&&i&tin+ countr, ha-e pro-i&ion& to dea. ith1
6roper conduct o* a.. tea( (e(ber&.
#reat(ent o* in=ur, to tea( (e(ber&.
2u.. re&pon&ibi.it, *or death (&) o* a tea( (e(ber.
'a(a+e& brou+ht b, (a.iciou&0 anton andF or i..*u. act& o* it&
(e(ber& 24Ahour point o* contact *or dep.o,(ent.
311
:i..*u. act& o* it& (e(ber& 24Ahour point o* contact *or dep.o,(ent.
H#2# &asic Facts
A nu(ber o* *actor& ha-e a direct in*.uence on the ca&ua.t, rate in a
di&a&ter ith (an, co..ap&ed &tructure& and on the &ur-i-a. chance& o* trapped
-icti(&.
H#2#2 "Dpe of Construction and Collapse $rofile
#he (ateria. u&ed *or con&truction0 the (ethod and )ua.it, o* con&truction
and the t,pe o* &tructure bear a re.ation&hip to the t,pe o* co..ap&e (co..ap&e
pro*i.e)
7u.tiA&tor, &tructure& o* *ra(ed con&truction (rein*orced concrete or ro..ed
&tee. =oint&)0 ith rein*orced concrete *.oor& and pane.ed a..& o* brick or
bui.din+ board. $pon co..ap&e0 thi& t,pe o* &tructure .ea-e& ca-itie& (.eanAto
or tent co..ap&e) here cau&a.itie& can be .ocated ith +ood pro&pect& *or
&ur-i-a..
7ediu(Ari&e bui.din+& o* brick con&truction ith poor bondin+ techni)ue&.
:ith thi& t,pe o* bui.din+0 tota. co..ap&e0 thi& t,pe o* &tructure .ea-e& ca-itie&
(.earnAto or tent co..ap&e) here ca&ua.tie& can be .ocated ith +ood
pro&pect& *or &ur-i-a..
7ediu(Ari&e bui.din+& o* brick con&truction ith poor bondin+ techni)ue&.
:ith thi& t,pe o* bui.din+0 tota. co..ap&e can be e;pected0 the end re&u.t bein+
a .ar+e pi.e o* co(pacted rubb.e o**erin+ .itt.e chance *or &ur-i-a. (co(pact
co..ap&e).
<oAri&e bui.din+& con&tructed ith .oca. (ateria.&0 &uch a& &in+.eA&tor,
de..in+& o* adobe con&truction ith hea-, roo* &tructure&. $pon co..ap&e0 the
312
.oadAbearin+ (e(ber& tend to di&inte+rate co(p.ete., (pi.e o* rubb.e)0 .ea-in+
.itt.e roo( *or &ur-i-or&.
H#2#2# &uildin= OccupancD
/o(e bui.din+& (e.+. ho&pita.&0 o.d peop.e[& ho(e& boardin+ &choo.&0 (enta.
in&titution&0 etc.) ha-e a per(anent occupanc, ri&k irre&pecti-e o* the ti(e o*
da,. !ther (e.+. &choo.&0 o**ice&0 co((ercia. centre&) ha-e a hi+h occupanc,
ri&k durin+ orkin+ hour& and .o ri&k a*ter thi& period.
8e&identia. propert, i& at hi+he&t ri&k durin+ the ni+ht0 hen occupant& are in
bed0 cau&in+ the +reate&t nu(ber o* ca&ua.tie&.
H#2#3 Ha;ards
9;po&ure ha?ard1 ".i(atic condition& and te(perature are i(portant *actor&.
A.thou+h in &o(e countrie& a co(*ortab.e te(perature i& en=o,ed durin+ the
da,0 it can *a.. at ni+ht to be.o ?ero0 creatin+ a ri&k o* h,pother(ia *or
e;po&ed ca&ua.tie&.
#rapped -icti(& o*ten &u**ocate due to a .ack o* o;,+en or e;po&ure to +a&
.eak& or &(oke.
:ater penetratin+ into ca-itie&0 particu.ar., ce..ar& and ba&e(ent&0 (a, o*ten
.ead to the dronin+ o* -icti(&. #he ri&k o* e.ectrocution (a, a.&o be
increa&ed.
H#2#.# "ime Factor
8e&cue e**ort& durin+ the *ir&t 24 hour& a*ter an earth)uake re&u.t in a -er,
hi+h percenta+e o* -icti( &ur-i-a.. A*ter that period0 the &ur-i-a. rate drop&
dra(atica..,.
313
H#2#8# (earch and %escue $hases After an EarthGuake
6ha&e I 1 In*or(a.0 &pontaneou& &earch and re&cue b, *a(i.ie& and
nei+hbour&. #he e(er+ence o* onAtheA&pot citi?en re&cue +roup&. #he&e
in*or(a. +roup& per*or( the (a=orit, o* re&cue&.
6ha&e II 1 <i+ht &earch and re&cue
"oordinated .oca.i?ed &earche& b, trained tea(&0 o*ten ith do+& and other
&en&in+ re&ource&0 to rapid., &earch .ike., .ocation& o* &ur-i-or& and re&cue
tho&e not re)uirin+ (a=or re&ource& o* e)uip(ent and (anpoer.
6ha&e III 1 Inten&i-e &earch and re&cue
7oreA*ocu&ed0 inten&i-e e**ort& throu+h increa&ed (anpoer and e)uip(ent0
o*ten in-o.-in+ tunne..in+ to &earch (a=or bui.din+& and +ain acce&& to buried
&pace&. A.. &ur-i-or& ho can be .ocated ithout (a=or cuttin+ and .i*tin+
operation& are e;tracted.
6ha&e IE 1 Hea-, urban re&cue
$&e o* &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent and (anpoer to di&a&&e(b.e and .i*t portion&
o* co..ap&ed &tructure& to reach &ur-i-or& and reco-er bodie& not otheri&e
acce&&ib.e.
#he ro.e o* the $%'A" tea( i& to e&tab.i&h an !/!"" to &upport /A8 and
a&&e&& the need *or 6ha&e& III and IE. :hen nece&&ar, an !/!"" i.. be
e&tab.i&hed b, and $%'A" tea( to &upport internationa. and nationa.
/earch and 8e&cue tea(&. #he dutie& o* &uch an !/!"" throu+h -ariou&
pha&e& o* a /A8 operation are di&cu&&ed be.o.
314
H#3 Assessment and %esponse
#he in*or(ation co..ected b, the $%'A" tea(A particu.ar., re+ardin+ the
*o..oin+ &ub=ect&A &ub=ect +uide &earch and re&cue tea(& a.read, in the di&a&ter
area and tho&e ho p.an dep.o,(ent1
Damage- related information: the t,pe o* con&truction and t,pe o*
bui.din+ ha-e to be taken into con&ideration (&ee abo-e).
Secondary threats: &uch a& the re.ea&e o* ha?ardou& &ub&tance& *ro(
che(ica. *actorie&0 pipe.ine& and tran&port re&ource&0 &tora+e
*aci.itie&0 poer p.ant& or nuc.ear *aci.itie& in the a**ected area.
Teams already operational in the area (local, national, international):
#he .oca. /A8 e**ort &hou.d be taken into account in decidin+ the need
to out&ide a&&i&tance.
Coordination mechanisms at the site (s)1 !ne &hou.d e;a(ine the
or+ani?ationa. &tructure &upportin+ &earch and re&cue acti-itie& to &ee
i* it i& a &pontaneou& e**ort b, untrained .oca.&0 uncoordinated0
un&tructured and ith .i(ited e**ect0 or i* it i& an operation per*or(ed
ithin the .oca. 9(er+enc, 6.an ith identi*ied ta&k& and priorit,
&ettin+.
Specific equipment and expertise required: #he .oca. a-ai.abi.it, o*
&pecia.i&t /A8 e)uip(ent *or both detection and re&cue &hou.d be
e-a.uated.
Priority areas of interention: #he $%'A" tea( &hou.d he.p deter(ine
tho&e area& here &earch and re&cue operation& ith &carce
re&ource& &hou.d be directed at tho&e .ocation& and bui.din+& here
the co..ap&e pro*i.e and occupanc, *actor& indicate that the .ar+e&t
nu(ber& o* .i-e ca&ua.tie& are .ike., to be trapped. "oordination i&
e;tre(e., i(portant *or an e**icient uti.i&ation o* re&ource&.
315
!ocal" national support: that can be pro-ided to internationa. tea(&.
H#3#2# (earch and %escue Assessment Checklist
In e(er+encie& in-o.-in+ a .ar+e nu(ber o* co..ap&ed &tructure& (e.+.
earth)uake&)0 priorit, ha& to be +i-en to a&&e&&in+ the need *or a&&i&tance ith
$rban /earch and 8e&cue.
A. Are the .oca. authoritie& re)ue&tin+ a&&i&tance ith &earch and re&cueK
>. Ha& the di&a&ter cau&ed the co..ap&e o* bui.din+& in an urban areaK
I* ,e&0 e&ti(ate the no. (or percent) o* bui.din+&
". 'o the co..ap&ed &tructure& inc.ude1
Ho&pita.&0 (u.tiA&tor, pub.ic hou&in+ unit&0 &choo.&
!ther bui.din+& con&tructed hich ou.d .ea-e &pace& here trapped
-icti(& cou.d &ur-i-e (not adobe0 (ud brick&0 etc.) inc.udin+.
Apart(ent bui.din+&
Indu&tria. bui.din+&
!**ice bui.din+&
Ha?ardou& in&ta..ation& creatin+ &econdar, ri&k&
!ther
'. In hat pha&e i& the pre&ent re&cue e**ortK
In*or(a.F&pontaneou& /A8 9on tAtheA&pot citi?en re&cue +roup&)
316
<i+ht /A8 (coordinated0 .oca.i?ed (rando() &earche& .ed b,
trained tea(& not re)uirin+F u&in+ (a=or re&ource& o* e)uip(ent
or (anpoer)
Inten&i-e /A8 (*ocu&ed0 inten&i-e e**ort& ith increa&ed
(anpoer and .i+ht e)uip(ent0 &ur-i-or& .ocated ithout (a=or
cuttin+ and .i*tin+ operation& are e;tracted)
Hea-, urban &earch and re&cue (u&e o* &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent
and (anpoer to detect0 reach and e;tract &ur-i-or& and bodie&
not otheri&e acce&&ib.e)
9. Ha-e internationa. /A8 tea(& a.read, arri-ed at the &ite (.i&t countr,0
or+ani?ation0 na(e o* tea( and appro;i(ate nu(ber o* (e(ber& *or the
*o..oin+ cate+orie&)K
4o-ern(enta.
%onA+o-ern(enta.
6ri-ate -o.unteer&
2. I& the re&cue operation continuin+ da, and ni+htK
4. I& hea-, e)uip(ent (bu..do?er&0 *rontA.oader&0 etc.) bein+ u&ed to c.ear
rubb.e at the &ite& o* co..ap&ed &tructure& o* the abo-e t,peK
H. %eed& *or /A8 a&&i&tance
I& there a need *or &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent (and per&onne.) *or1
1. /earch
#echnica. e)uip(ent (u.tra&onic detector&0 *ibre optic&0 ther(a.
i(a+in+)
/earch do+& (n.b. &o(e cu.ture& ha-e di**icu.tie& in acceptin+
do+&)
317
2. 8e&cue
<i*tin+ e)uip(ent (air ba+&0 hea-, dut, =ack&0 &preader&0 etc.)
6u..in+ e)uip(ent (inche&0 etc.)
"uttin+ e)uip(ent (di&cAcutter&0 +a&Acutter&0 pneu(atic chi&e.&0
etc.)
<i+htin+ e)uip(ent (portab.e +enerator& and a&&ociate .i+htin+
e)uip(ent)
'i++in+ e)uip(ent (airAha((er0 pneu(atic dri..&0 &ho-e.&0 etc.)
3. 7edica.
Are (edica. per&onne. (doctor&0 nur&e& para(edic&) &uper-i&in+
the e;traction o* trapped -icti(&
Are e;tracted -icti(& i((ediate., treated and F or e-acuated to
(edica. center&
I& &u**icient e)uip(ent a-ai.ab.e to treat -icti(& ith cru&h
&,(pto(& (dia.,&i&)
Are -icti(& treated .oca.., or e-acuated to re+iona. or nationa.
hea.th *aci.itie&.
4. /pecia. operation&
7ana+e(ent o* e&capin+ ha?ardou& (ateria.& (nuc.ear0
bio.o+ica.0 che(ica.)
'e(o.ition ork
/horin+ up o* dan+erou& &tructure&
'a(a+e contro. and e(er+enc, repair
H#.# Duties of an O(OCC supportin= (A% teams after an
earthGuake after an earthGuake
*ntroduction
318
#he (i&&ion o* the $% !/!"" i& to a&&i&t the <97A ith the
(ana+e(ent o* the di&a&ter0 in particu.ar the coordination o* internationa. /A8.
$% !/!"" (a, be e&tab.i&hed in con&u.tation ith the $% and the a**ected
countr,. !n &ite operation& are hoe-er deter(ined b, <97A in "oordination
ith !/!"". #he !/!"" i.. nor(a.., be e&tab.i&hed b, u&in+ re&ource& *ro(
the 2ie.d "oordination /upport $nit (2"/$) o* the 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch
('8>) o* $% !"HA 4ene-a and the $%'A" &,&te(.
#he $% !/!"" i.. a&&e&& the need *or and u&e o* internationa. tea(&0
co((unicate their operationa. capabi.itie& and pro-ide &upport to the countr,
and <97A in (ana+in+ operation& and .o+i&tica. &upport *or inco(in+ tea(&.
#he $% !/!"" i.. in +enera.1
- 8eco((end a&&i+n(ent& *or tea(& ba&ed on their knon
capabi.itie&.
- Identi*, tea( &upport re)uire(ent& and pro-ide ad-ice on the (o&t
e**icient (ean& o* incorporation into the a**ected countr,[& di&a&ter
re&pon&e e**ort&.
- "oordinate ith <97A o**icia.& *ro( the di&a&ter .ocation and
pre&ent a c.ear picture o* the capabi.itie& and .o+i&tica.
re)uire(ent& o* the inco(in+ tea(&.
- #he !/!"" (a, need to interact ith -ariou& entitie& pre&ent at
the di&a&ter &iteFin countr,. A &che(atic dia+ra( o* po&&ib.e entitie&
i& at Appendi; A.
#he $% !/!"" &hou.d de-e.op a ritten docu(ent that detai.& the
ob=ecti-e& o* the inco(in+ internationa. tea(&. #hi& docu(ent &hou.d be
a+reed upon and &i+ned b, <97A and the $% !/!"".
319
I* tea(& arri-e prior to !/!"" bein+ e&tab.i&hed the, (u&t en&ure
action& nor(a.., taken b, !/!"" *or reception and !/!"" *unction& are
initiate b, the(.
I* an !/!"" i& e&tab.i&hed0 tea(& (u&t en&ure the, a&&i+n a per&on to
a&&i&t the !/!"" in it& *unction&.
6reparedne&& 6ha&e
!/!"" to prepare appropriate (arkin+ o* 8eception "entre *or /A8 tea(& and
!/!"" .ocation i.e. *.a+& etc.
!/!"" &hou.d be prepared to re+i&ter tea( capacit, data on arri-a. and (ake
nece&&ar, in*or(ation a-ai.ab.e to <97A and (edia.
2"/$0 !"HA 4ene-a to ha-e per&onne. read, to be picked up b, the
neare&t /A8 tea( .ea-in+ *or di&a&ter &ite in order to e&tab.i&h an !/!"".
In #ran&itF Acti-ation 6ha&e
!/!"" a&&i+n& to the internationa. /A8 tea(& an area upon arri-a..
/A8 tea( .eader& to be brie*ed on 6.an o* Action o* !/!"" to
under&tand conte;t o* e(er+enc,.
8e.ation&hip beteen <97AF/A8 tea( F !/!"" to be (ade c.ear to the
/A8 tea( b, !/!"".
!/!"" &hou.d identi*, tea([& on &ite contact per&on.
#he $% !/!"" (u&t ad-i&e the /A8 tea( .eader o*1
A #he co((unication p.an.
320
A #he reportin+ &chedu.e inc.udin+ &ituation report&0 operationa.
brie*in+&0 etc.
A Ho report& and re)ue&t& are tran&(itted to and *ro( the $%
!/!"".
A /upport *or the #ea( that i& .oca.., a-ai.ab.e.
A A-ai.abi.it, o* a >a&e o* !peration& &ite.
A A-ai.abi.it, o* &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent.
#he &peci*ic tea( a&&i+n(ent &hou.d be di&cu&&ed ith the $% !/!""
and the <97A. #hi& brie*in+ &hou.d inc.ude1
A <ocation in*or(ation.
A #ea( a&&i+n(ent.
A In*or(ation re.atin+ to the a**ected area prior to the e-ent.
A 4enera. popu.ation de(o+raphic&0 .an+ua+e (&)0 and anticipated
nu(ber& o* -icti(&.
A Identi*ied ob=ecti-e& o* the a&&i+n(ent.
A /a*et, and &ecurit, in*or(ation.
A In*ra&tructure a&&e&&(ent (&tructure&0 uti.itie&0 (edica.0 ha?ardou&
&ub&tance&0 etc.)
A 7ap&.
A 7edica. treat(entF tran&port.
A 6atient handAo** in*or(ation.
A 7edica. e-acuation *or tea( (e(ber&.
A "u.tura. &en&iti-itie&.
!/!"" a&&i+n& inco(in+ tea(& a >a&e o* !peration&.
!/!"" to prepare a (edia (ana+e(ent p.an in cooperation ith <97A.
!/!"" to prepare a co((unication p.an in cooperation ith <97A hich
inc.ude& a&&i+n(ent o* *re)uencie&0 ca.. &i+n&0 .oca. di&a&ter operationa.
321
*re)uencie&. I* nece&&ar, coordinate e;chan+e o* te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent
beteen tea(&.
!/!"" &hou.d &upportF "oordinate /A8 tea(& tran&port to di&a&ter &ite
ith <97A and prepare a (o-e(ent p.an i* nece&&ar,.
!peration 6ha&e
1. /A8 tea( action& to be direct., coordinated b, <97A and !/!"". #ea( to
be in*or(ed o* reportin+ re)uire(ent&.
2. /A8 tea( .eader to report to !/!"" on arri-a. i* not a.read, done &o ear.ier.
3. !/!"" +i-e in&truction& to /A8 tea( .eader and a&&i+n a ork area.
4. !/!"" to coordinate ith <97A re&u.t& o* a&&e&&(ent& o* da(a+e and
need&.
5. #he channe. o* authorit, i& <97A !/!"" #ea(.
6. !/!"" coordinate& acti-itie& o* nationa. /A8 tea( (&).
7. !/!"" &hou.d be ab.e to coordinate1

A 8e)ue&ted *or additiona. re&ource& *or tea(& in cooperation ith <97A.
A In*or(ationa. on pro+re&& o* operation& and &hort*a..&.
A Additiona. re)ue&t *or a&&i&tance.
A re)ue&t& *or (edica. a&&i&tance.
A tea( inter-ie& and pre&& brie*in+&.
8. !/!"" &hou.d prepare a co((unication p.an ith <97A that addre&&e& the
*o..oin+1
A "o((and and "ontro..
A #actica. /A8 !peration&.
A Air to +round.
322
A <o+i&tic&.
A #o /A8 tea(&.
A #o <97A.
A #o !"HA 4ene-a.
9. !/!"" &hou.d prepare *o..oin+ docu(entation and di&&e(inate a&
appropriate1
A "hain o* co((and.
A 6oint o* contact.
A /ituation update.
A #ea( capabi.it,F a&&i+n(ent.
A /a*et,F &ecurit, i&&ue.
A "o((unication& p.an.
10. !/!"" &hou.d prepare re)uire(entF procedure& *or interaction ith (edia
to+ether ith <97A.
11. !/!"" &hou.d inte+rate tea(& p.annin+ into !/!"" p.an o* action.
12. !/!"" &hou.d or+ani&e re+u.ar tea( brie*in+&.
13. !/!"" &hou.d prepare re&cue prioriti?ation and (i&&ion a&&i+n(ent *or
tea(& in cooperation ith <97A.
14. !/!"" &hou.d coordinate ith <97A di&po&a. o* an, re(ain& reco-ered
b, /A8 tea(&.
15. !/!"" &hou.d coordinate /A8 tea( a&&i+n(ent co(p.etion report in
con=unction ith <97A.
16. !/!"" &hou.d &upport (edica. care and e-acuation o* ca&ua.tie& o* /A8
tea( &ta**0 i* an,.
17. !/!"" to i&&ue re+u.ar &a*et,F &ecurit, update& to a.. /A8 tea(&.
8ea&&i+n(entF /tand 'on 6ha&e
323
#he !/!"" i.. act a& a coordination point *or rea&&i+n(ent andF or
&tand don o* /A8 tea(& i.e. pro-ide tea(& ith e&ti(ated &tand don date and
ti(e and be prepared to coordinate the rea&&i+n(ent and &tand don p.an *or
tea(&.
!/!"" &hou.d de-e.op a rea&&i+n(entF &tand don p.an ith <97A
hich co-er&1
A 'i&en+a+e(ent pha&e&.
A #i(e &chedu.e.
A <o+i&tica. re)uire(ent& (i.e. tran&portation)1
/ite c.ean upF rehabi.itation.
'onation&.
A identi*, and co((unicate ho(e ba&e &upport need& (i.e.
tran&portation0 (edia i&&ue&0 arri-a. procedure&0 etc.
A /ecurit, and &a*et, i&&ue&.
8eturn to Ho(e >a&e 6ha&e
Internationa. /A8 tea(& to pro-ide a )uick *ie.d operation& e-a.uation to
2"/$0 '8>0 !"HA 4ene-a.
2"/$ to de-e.op and i(p.e(ent an, correcti-e action needed *or the
!/!"" concept throu+h I%/A8A4.
H#.#2# Operational Checklist for Actions to be taken :hile
establishin= an O(OCC for (A% operations#
4i-en be.o i& a check.i&t *or action& to be taken hi.e e&tab.i&hin+ an
!/!"" *or /A8 !peration&.
324
8ecei-e brie*in+ on a&&i+n(ent and ob=ect&
4ather in*or(ation about the *aci.it, (&) to be u&ed (i..e Airport0 etc.0
Inc.udin+ the nu(ber or ter(ina.&0 a-ai.ab.e han+ar &pace0 .en+th or
runa,0 .andin+ tari**&0 24 Ahour operation0 (i.itar, or ci-i.ian0
(ana+e(ent authorit,.
'eter(ine &ta**in+ need& ba&e& on *aci.it, and incident ana.,&i&.
9&tab.i&h !perationa. :ork /chedu.e and hour& o* operation.
'e-e.op !r+ani&ation "hart that inc.ude& <97A0 $%'A"0 Airport
.iai&on0 etc.
A&&i+n re&pon&ibi.itie& to &upport &ta**
9&tab.i&h ork area& inc.udin+ a brie*in+ area &eparate *ro( an
in*or(ation proc3e&&inb+ area
In&ta.. or rent te.ephone& a& needed
6ro-ide *or tea( .o+i&tica. need& inc.udin+ .od+in+ and (ea.&
'eter(ine appropriate (ean& o* tran&portation *or the tea(
'eter(ine .an+ua+e &ki..& needed to co((unicate ith the tea(&
"oordinate *or appropriate interpreter& ith <97A .iai&on
"oordinate additiona. &upp.ie& and (ateria.& re)ue&t& to <97A .iai&on
6o&t &i+n& and banner& ($%) announcin+ 6roce&&in+ "enter
<ocation& (&)
9&tab.i&h in*or(ation e;chan+e re)uire(ent& *or <97A and /A8
#ea(&
>rie* /A8 #ea( on 6.anned operation
9&tab.i&h co((unication& ith appropriate Airport authoritie&
inc.udin+ i((i+ration0 cu&to(&0 and &ecurit, (inc.udin+ dip.o(atic)
325
9&tab.i&h co((unication& ith (a=or air.ine& to *aci.itate in*or(ation
on inco(in+ and out +oin+ tea(&
'e-e.op /A8 #ea( "ontact director,
%oti*, a.. point& o* contact to in*or( on operationa. readine&&0 i.e.0
!/!""0 $%F!"HA0 etc.
6repare handout& *or inco(in+ /A8 #ea(&
7eet arri-in+ /A8 #ea(& to brie* on (i&&ion and purpo&e o* the
6roce&&in+ "enter
In*or( $%'A" on current &tatu& o* a.. re&ource& bein+ proce&&ed
6repare in*or(ation *or /ituation 8eport&
7aintain .iai&on ith <9%A
7aintain .iai&on ith $%'A"
"oordinate ith a**ected countr, o**icia.& and !/!"" to +ather
in*or(ation on re&ource& bein+ rea&&i+ned or re.ea&ed
6repare debrie*in+ area
'ebrie* and +ather in*or(ation *ro( a.. departin+ tea(&
8ehab a.. a&&i+ned ork area&
".o&e *aci.itie& hen (i&&ion i& co(p.ete
"onduct c.o&e out inter-ie ith appropriate o**icia.& prior to .ea-in+
countr,
H#8# AnneF
I%/A84 7arkin+& durin+ a /A8 operation
*ntroduction
326
It i& i(portant that in*or(ation re.ated to &tructure identi*ication0 condition&
and ha?ard&0 and -icti( &tatu& are po&ted in a &tandardi?ed *a&hion to en&ure
uni*or(it, and c.arit,0 a& /A8 #ea( participant& (a, ori+inate *ro( countrie&
around the ord.
#he purpo&e o* thi& +uide.ine i& to &tandardi?e the identi*ication o* /A8
#ea( *unction (b, co.or)0 the con&picuou& identi*ication o* ork &ite ha?ard&0
&tandardi?e (appin+0 &ketch and .and(ark .abe.in+ ith co((on &,(bo.&0
en&ure the accurac, o* &earch a&&e&&(ent (arkin+& and to docu(ent /A8
#ea( acco(p.i&h(ent&. #he *o..oin+ in*or(ation i& addre&&ed in thi& +uide.ine.
"o((on identi*ication &,&te(1
7arkin+
/i+na.ine
/tructure A&&e&&(ent1
4oFno +o.
/earch.
8e&cue.
/pecia. ha?ard& o* that &tructure.
Eicti( .ocation.
8e&u.t&1
:arnin+.
#rackin+.
"ontinuit, and interoperabi.it,
7arkin+ /,&te(&
#he /A8 #ea( 7arkin+ /,&te( i& identi*ied and di-ided into the *o..oin+ t,pe&1
327
A&&i+ned area o* ork &iteA Identi*, &ite& indi-idua.., (e.e.0 b, addre&&0
ph,&ica. .ocation0 uni)ue de&i+n0 etc.)
/tructure A&&e&&(ent1
A /tructure F ha?ard& a&&e&&(ent (arkin+.
A /earch a&&e&&(entF -icti( .ocation (arkin+
4enera. ha?ard (arkin+ (cordon banner&0 *.a++in+0 etc.).
2aci.it, F -ehic.e (arkin+&.
#ea( and *unctiona. (arkin+&.
/,(bo.&.
7arkin+ In*or(ation i.. be con&picuou&., (ade ith *.oure&cent co.or to
per(anent., identi*, and (ark the &tructure.
4enera. area (arkin+
I* no (ap& are a-ai.ab.e0 the *o..oin+ &hou.d be addre&&ed1
'e-e.op a &ketch (ap.
Identi*, and .abe. .and(ark&.
A&&i+n a na(e to each &ite (46/ re*erence&).
/tructure orientation &hou.d be e&tab.i&hed. #hi& ou.d inc.ude1
9;terior
Interior.
It i& i(portant to identi*, .ocation& ithin a &in+.e
#he Addre&& &ide o* the &tructure &ha.. be de*ined a& /I'9 1. !ther
&ide& o* the &tructure &ha.. be a&&i+ned nu(erica.., in a c.ocki&e
(anner *ro( /I'9 1.
328
#he interior o* the &tructure i.. be di-ided into O$A'8A%#/. #he
)uadrant& &ha.. be identi*ied A<6HA>9#I"A<<G in a c.ocki&e
(anner &tartin+ *ro( here the &ide 1 and &ide 2 peri(eter (eet. #he
center core0 here a.. *our )uadrant& (eet i.. be identi*ied a&
Ouadrant 9 (i.e.0 centra. core .obb,0 etc.0
700 >.ock A.pha /treet
329
E
7u.ti A&tor, &tructure& (u&t ha-e each *.oor c.ear., identi*ied. I*
not c.ear., di&cernab.e0 the *.oor& &hou.d be nu(bered a&
re*erenced *ro( the e;terior. #he +rade .e-e. *.oor ou.d be
de&i+nated +round *.oor and0 (o-in+ upard the ne;t *.oor
ou.d be *.oor 10 etc. "on-er&e.,0 the *ir&t *.oor be.o +rade
.e-e. ou.d be >a&e(entA 10 the &econd >a&e(entA 2 etc.
/tructure a&&e&&(ent (arkin+
#he ba&ic &,(bo. con&i&t& o* a (ater N 1(eter &)uare bo; at the pri(ar,
acce&& point into an, co(pro(i&ed &tructure.
Ha?ard In*or(ation
/a(p.e 7arkin+ >o;
"he(A+a&e&
re)uire& &horin+
rat&
330
4o or %o 4o (4F%)
#ea(
#i(eFdate o* &tart
#i(eF date o* end
] 6er&on& unaccounted *or
<ocation o* other -icti(&
4o or %o4o (4F%)
Au&trian #ea(
20F11F 070hr&.
21F11 173hr&

12
2 dead in e.e-ator

"o(p.eted 7arkin+ bo;
Eicti( 7arkin+
'urin+ the &earch *unction0 it i& nece&&ar, to identi*, the .ocation o* an,
knon or potentia. -icti(
#he a(ount and t,pe o* debri& in the area (a, co(p.ete., co-er or ob&truct
the .ocation o* the knon or potentia. -icti(
#he -icti( .ocation (arkin+& are (ade b, the &earch tea( or other
indi-idua.& conductin+ &earch and re&cue operation& hene-er a knon or
potentia. -icti( i& .ocated and not i((ediate., re(o-ed.
#he -icti( .ocation (arkin+& &hou.d be (ade ith *.uore&cent co.or.
331
"he(A+a&e&
8e)uire& &horin+
8at&
12
2 dead in e.e-ator
4o or %o4o (4F%)
Au&trian #ea(
20F11 0730hr&
21F11 1730hr&
A .ar+e \E\ i& dran near the .ocation o* the knon or potentia. -icti(
#he .etter \<\ ith a nu(ber i.. denote the nu(ber o* .i-e -icti(&.
#he .etter \'\ ith a nu(ber i.. denote the nu(ber o* dead -icti(&.
'ra an arro be&ide the \E\ hen the .ocation o* a -icti( ha& been
con*ir(ed either -i&ua..,0 -oca.., or hearin+ &peci*ic &ound& hich ou.d
indicate a hi+h probabi.it, o* a -icti(.
#hi& (a, be done hen the -icti( i& initia.., .ocated or (a, need to be
done .ater a*ter &o(e debri& re(o-a. or u&e o* &pecia.i?ed &earch
e)uip(ent.
A canine a.ert i.. initia.., recei-e the \E\ ithout an arro to indicate a
potentia. -icti(.
A circ.e ou.d be dran around the \E\ hen the .a&t .i-e -icti( ha& been
e;tricated *ro( that .ocation.
'ra a hori?onta. .ine throu+h the \E\ to indicate on., dead -icti( (&) re(ain.
A circ.e ou.d be dran around the \E\ hen a.. dead -icti(&
ha-e been re(o-ed.
6otentia. Eicti( <ocation
E
<A] o* .i-e -icti(&
'A] o* dead -icti(&
"on*ir(ed Eicti( <ocation
332
<A] !2 <IE9 EI"#I7/
'A] !2 '9A' EI"#I7/
'ead Eicti( (&) !n., <ocation
333

)@2
(N OF <*C"*,(!
9;tricated <i-e Eicti(& (&)
' A3
(] !2 EI"#I7/)
9;tricated 'ead Eicti(
!ther (arkin+&
4enera. cordon (arkin+& (cordon banner&0 *.a++in+0 etc.) A to be u&ed
*or &(a.. de*ined area. #he, can be en.ar+ed to be u&ed *or &(a..
de*ined area. #he, can be en.ar+ed to inc.ude other nonA bui.din+&
334

(i.e.0 brid+e0 dan+erou& ?one&0 %>"0 &ecurit,0 etc.). <ar+e area& (a,
re)uire barricade&F *ence&F patro.F etc.
!perationa. :ork Pone
"o..ap&eF Ha?ard Pone
2aci.it,1
Iconic *.a+&0 banner&0 ba..oon&0 etc. ((u&t identi*, tea( (edica. *aci.it,0
tea( "6).
Eehic.e1
335
69<I48! 69<I48! 69<I48!
Eehic.e& (u&t be (arked ith tea( na(e and *unction (*.a+0 (a+netic
&i+n0 etc.).
#ea( and *unction1
8e&pon&e tea( identit, (countr, and tea( na(e) b, uni*or(0 patch0 etc..
6er&onne. Athe *o..oin+ po&ition& (u&t be co.or coded and .abe.ed in
9n+.i&h p.ain te;t (-e&t&0 ar( band&0 he.(ent co.or0 etc.)
7ana+e(ent po&ition (&) AAAAA hite
7edica. po&ition& (&) AAAAA red cro&&Fcre&cent
/a*et,F &ecurit, po&ition& (&) AAAAAA oran+e
/,(bo.&1 (6.ain te;t &uch a& #ea( na(e ou.d be denoted ad=acent to the
&,(bo..
#i(e denoted A 22F11 0700hr& (ith arro pointin+
(.oca. ti(e) 23F11 1900hr& (to acti-it, &ite)
/a(p.e &,(bo.&
336
C
$
EOC
(i=nallin=
On@(ite (i=nalin=E Alertin=
9**ecti-e e(er+enc, &i+na.in+ i& e&&entia. *or the &a*e operation o* /A8
#ea( per&onne. operatin+ at a di&a&ter &ite.
#he&e &in+.e& (u&t be c.ear and uni-er&a.., under&tood b, a.. /A8
#ea( per&onne..
337
&oO
O(OCC
O(OCC
%ECE$"
6
(
A
$
)0
H
F
Air horn& or other appropriate hai.in+ de-ice& &ha.. be u&ed to &ound the
appropriate &i+na.& a& *o..o&1
"ea&e !peration F A.. Ouiet1
1 .on+ b.a&t (3 &econd&)
9-acuate the area1
3 con&ecuti-e &hort b.a&t& (1 &econd each)
"onduct a radio ro.. ca.. to account *or a.. per&onne.. :hen a.. are
accounted *or0 the radio &i+na. \a.. c.ear\ i.. be broadca&t on the
co((and channe..
8e&u(e !peration&1
1 .on+ and 1 &hort b.a&e

Crane Hand (i=nals
338
*# UNDAC AND OCHA (U$$O%" %E(OU%CE(
I.1 Introduction (p.1)
I.2 Hu(an 8e&ource& (p.2)
I.3 $%'A" 9)uip(ent /upport (p.3)
I.3.1 6rincip.e& *or *or(u.atin+ 9)uip(ent /upport *or $%'A"
7i&&ion& (p.3)
I.3.2 7i&&ion 9)uip(ent (p.4)
339
I.3.3 8e&ource 6ro-ider& 9)uip(ent 7odu.e& (p.4)
I.3.4 >a&ic 7odu.e (p.5)
I.3.5 Au+(ented 7odu.e (p.6)
I.3.6 "o(p.e; 9(er+enc, /upport 9)uip(ent 7odu.e (p.7)
I.4 Additiona. /er-ice& pro-ided b, !"HA[& 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e >ranch
('8>) (p.8)
I.4.1 9(er+enc, "a&h 4rant (p.8)
I.4.2 "hanne. *or 'onor "ontribution& (p.9)
I.4.3 :arehou&e o* 9(er+enc, 8e.ated ite(& (p.9)
I.4.4 /earch and 8e&cue (/A8) tea(& (p.10)
I.4.5 9(er+enc, #e.eco((unication& (p.10)
I.4.6 #echnica. and <o+i&tic& 8e&ource& (p.10)
I.4.7 9n-iron(enta. 9(er+encie& (p.11)
I.4.8 "entra. 8e+i&ter o* 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent "apacitie& (p.11)
I.4.9 7i.itar,0 "i-i. 6rotection and "i-i. 'e*ence A&&et& (p.12)
*#2 *ntroduction
2or an a&&e&&(ent and coordination tea( to ork in the *ie.d under0
&o(eti(e&0 -er, di**icu.t circu(&tance& in area& here there are no (ean& o*
co((unication0 no ba&ic o**ice e)uip(ent0 and no or -er, .itt.e *ood to be had0 it
i& o* +reat i(portance that the&e thin+& are (ade a-ai.ab.e. It can a.&o be o*
-a.ue to kno hat co(pri&e& !"HA[& re&pon&e &,&te( and hat the&e
re&ource& can pro-ide.
#he *o..oin+ chapter& de&cribe the &upport that an $%'A" tea( can
dra on0 and the -ariou& a&&et& *ound e&pecia.., ithin !"HA.
*#2 Human %esources
340
#he !**icer *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& ha& a &,&te( o*
de&k o**icer&0 dut, o**icer& and de.e+ate&. #he de&k o**icer& are re&pon&ib.e *or
in*or(ation +atherin+ and re&pon&e concernin+ e(er+encie&0 and the, a.on+
ith 2"/$ are there*ore the *oca. point hen an $%'A" tea( contact& 4ene-a.
!"HA a.&o operate& a tent,A*ourAhour dut, &,&te( throu+h hich dut, o**icer&
can be contacted0 e&pecia.., out&ide orkin+ hour&0 and durin+ eekend& and
ho.ida,&. An $%'A" tea( antin+ to contact !"HAA4ene-a out&ide o**ice
hour& ou.d be put throu+h to the dut, o**icer. /hou.d an $%'A" #ea( i&h to
di&cu&& pure., ad(ini&trati-e (technica. a&pect& o* the (i&&ion e.+. e)uip(ent0
tra-e.0 etc. the, &hou.d contact 2"/$ in !"HA 4ene-a direct.,. I* an $%'A"
tea( i& not &ent0 but !"HA decide& that it i& nece&&ar, *or a !"HA &ta** (e(ber
to be on the &pot0 then a &ta** (e(ber can be &ent out a& a !"HA *ie.d de.e+ate
to a&&i&t the $%'6 o**ice in the a**ected countr,.
/ta** ith in !"HA a.&o he.p ith other a&pect& o* e(er+encie&0 &uch a&
a.ertin+ the $%'A" tea(0 preparin+ (i&&ion&0 e&tab.i&hin+ re.ie* *.i+ht&.
#he $%'A" tea( con&i&t& o* e;perienced e(er+enc, (ana+er& (ade
a-ai.ab.e to !"HA b, their +o-ern(ent& or or+ani&ation& to en&ure the abi.it, to
re&pond in rea. ti(e to a natura. di&a&ter. At the ti(e o* pub.ication o* thi&
handbook0 the tea( ha& a 9urope in+ (hich co-er& A&ia and A*rica too) a&
e.. a& in+& in <atin A(erica and the 6aci*ic. In tota. it ha& 131 $%'A"
(e(ber& *ro( 33 countrie&0 !"HA0 $% A+encie&0 %4!& and the 8ed "ro&&
*a(i.,.
*#3 UNDAC EGuipment (upport
*#3#2 $rinciples for formulatin= (upport for UNDAC ,ission#
An $%'A" (i&&ion need& to ha-e the abi.it, to dra an enhanced
e)uip(ent &upport &hou.d the need ari&e. #hi& cou.d be in the *or( o*
&ub&i&tence /upport 9)uip(ent0 !**ice /upport 9)uip(ent0 #e.eco((unication&
341
/upport 9)uip(ent or #ran&port &upport. At the &a(e ti(e thi& e)uip(ent
&upport &hou.d be rapid b, dep.o,ab.e and *.e;ib.e. :ith the a&&i&tance o* the
re.e-ant or+ani&ation& o* the re&ource pro-idin+ countrie& i.e. the /edi&h
8e&cue /er-ice& A+enc, (/8/A) the 'ani&h 9(er+enc, 7ana+e(ent A+enc,
('97A)0 the 9(er+enc, <o+i&tic& #ea( o* the $nited Cin+do([& 'epart(ent *or
Internationa.0 the %ore+ian 9(er+enc, 6reparedne&& /,&te( o* %ora, and
the 2inni&h 8e&cue 2orce (282) 2"$/ ha& e&tab.i&hed a (odu.ar &,&te( o*
e)uip(ent &upport to $%'A" (i&&ion& hich i& +i-en be.o. /hou.d an $%'A"
7i&&ion *ee. it need& additiona. e)uip(ent &upport0 it &hou.d in*or( 2"/$ in
4ene-a ho ou.d a.ert the re&ource pro-idin+ countrie&. #he e)uip(ent
&upport a-ai.ab.e ha& been *or(u.ated ba&ed on the *o..oin+ princip.e&1
1. %or(a. $%'A" (i&&ion 2A3 eek&0 (a;i(u( one (onth in a natura.
di&a&ter en-iron(ent.
2. "o(p.e; e(er+enc, $%'A" (i&&ion& are rare and their re)uire(ent&
inc.udin+ e)uip(ent &hou.d be treated a& &uch.
3. #he $%'A" (i&&ion i.. be .aunched ith per&ona. e)uip(ent and that
he.d in 2"/$. #hi& i.. be &upported b, (odu.e& *ro( re&ource
pro-ider&0 i* needed.
4. #he nu(ber o* indi-idua. ith both the $%'A" (i&&ion and re&ource
pro-ider&[ e)uip(ent &hou.d be (ini(a. &o a& not to be a burden on ho&t
countr,0 8e& "oord and *aci.itie&.
5. A& *ar a& po&&ib.e e)uip(ent &hou.d be tran&portab.e on co((ercia.
air.ine&.
6. 8e&ource pro-ider&[ &upport &hou.d be &i(p.e and (odu.ar in concept.
342
*#3#2 ,ission EGuipment
>a&ed on the abo-e princip.e&0 the e)uip(ent ith hich the $%'A"
(i&&ion in natura. di&a&ter re&pon&e ou.d be e)uipped ou.d inc.ude the
*o..oin+. In co(p.e; e(er+encie& an $%'A" dep.o,(ent and e)uip(ent
&hou.d be di&cu&&ed &eparate., a& it i& not a nor(a. $%'A" (i&&ion
A) <e-e. 1 A 6er&ona. e)uip(ent A he.d ith $%'A" (e(ber.
>) <e-e. 2 A >a&ic0 e&&entia. o**ice e)uip(ent A he.d ith 2"/$.
") <e-e. 2 A >a&ic co((unication& e)uip(ent A he.d ith 2A"/$
') <e-e. A 3 8e&ource 6ro-ider 9)uip(ent 7odu.e&.
a) >a&ic (odu.e
b) Au+(ented (odu.e
*#3#3 %esource $roCiders EGuipment ,odules
/hou.d <e-e. 2 e)uip(ent be dee(ed in&u**icient *or the (i&&ion throu+h
either di&cu&&ion ith the $%'A" tea( .eader0 the 8e&ident "oordinator or
becau&e o* the re(ote .ocation o* the di&a&ter0 2"/$ i.. re)ue&t au+(entation
o* e)uip(ent *ro( re&ource pro-ider&. #hi& &hou.d be in (odu.e&0 each o* hich
cou.d con&i&t o*1
a) /ub&i&tence &upport e)uip(ent acco((odation0 ater0 *ood0
e.ectricit,0 &anitation0 etc.
b) !**ice &upport e)uip(ent1
c) #e.eco((unication& &upport e)uip(entJ
d) #ran&port &upport e)uip(entJ
e) 7edica. &upport e)uip(ent.
#hi& e)uip(ent (a, be re)uired in to incre(enta. (odu.e& *ro( the
re&ource pro-ider& i.e. the ba&ic (odu.e and the au+(ented (odu.e. #he
343
$%'A" tea( .eader can reco((end dep.o,(ent o* either o* the&e (odu.e& to
2"/$.
*#3#. ,odule
#hi& ba&ic (odu.e cou.d be pro-ided b, a re&ource pro-idin+ countr, ith
up to 2 &upport per&onne. (at the di&cretion o* the re&ource pro-ider). #he
e)uip(ent +i-en be.o doe& not inc.ude the re)uire(ent& o* per&ona. k it and
ad(ini&tration o* the (up) to) 2 &upport per&ona. o* the re&ource pro-idin+
countr,. It i& not e&&entia. *or the entire (odu.e to be u&ed at one ti(e0 the
&ituation (a, arrant 2"/$ re)ue&tin+ on., portion& e.+. o**ice &upport
e)uip(ent or te.eco((unication& &upport e)uip(ent to be u&ed on a (i&&ion.
#he (odu.e i& e;pected to be read, *or dep.o,(ent ithin 12 hour& o* the
re)ue&t bein+ (ade. It cater& *or 5 !"HA ($%'A") &ta** and 2 &upport
per&onne. *or up to 30 da,&.
1. /ub&i&tence /upport 9)uip(ent
A 4;3 (an tent&
A :ater puri*ication e)uip(ent *or 8 per&on&
A 9.ectricit, A 2 k-a 4enerator p.u& cab.e&0 etc.
A /anitation e)uip(ent (to be decided)
A 2ood (789&)0 cooker
A 7i&ce..aneou& e)uip(ent0 e.+. chain &a0 torche&0 &ho-e.&
2 A !**ice /upport 9)uip(ent
A1 o**ice ten
A 3 <ap #op& ith 9n+.i&h &o*tare (7icro&o*t o**ice)
A 3 6rinter& ith toner and0 2 cartrid+e&
A 1 &(a.. cop,in+ (achine
A 1 I<%7A8/A#7 ith *a;
A 1 #ab.e and 2 chai4r& co..ap&ib.e
344
A :hite board co..ap&ib.e
3 A #e.eco((unication& /upport 9)uip(ent
A I%7A8/A# 7ini 7 @ 2a;
A 2 <aptop& ith 9A7ai. acce&& and 7icro&o*t
A !**ice
A 6 EH2 hand&et
A 1 >a&e &tation
A2 k-a +enerator&
4. A #ran&port /upport 9)uip(ent
A #o 4;4 a.. terrain -ehic.e& ith *ue.
A #e.eco( *itted in -ehic.e&
A 7aintenance e)uip(ent
A In*.atab.e rubber din+., ith !>7 A 2
5. 7edica. or /pecia.i&t e)uip(ent and per&onne. cou.d be a part o* the
(odu.e dependin+ on he need& o* the (i&&ion e.+. %ur&e ith ba&ic (edica.
e)uip(ent0 air tra**ic contro..er *or contro..in+ inco(in+ aircra*tFhe.icopter at
di&a&ter &ite0 e;ert in *ore&t *ire&0 etc.
*#3#8# Au=mented ,odule
(ith up to 4 /upport per&onne.)
/hou.d be co(p.e(entar, to and in addition to the toA(an ba&i& (odu.e
and i& (eant to be re)ue&ted i* either the (i&&ion duration i& e;tended or the
.ocation o* the e(er+enc, i& co(p.ete., de-oid o* in*ra&tructure. A.&o i* an
!/!"" &er-in+ a .ar+e nu(ber o* or+ani&ation& i& to be e&tab.i&hed. #hi&
&hou.d be capab.e o* bein+ u&ed in -ar,in+ c.i(atic condition&.
345
1. /ub&i&tence /upport 9)uip(ent
A 2;3 (en tent& (@ beddin+A 2;8 tent& (one ith beddin+)
A :ater puri*ication
A 9.ectricit, 5 k-a +enerator
A /anitation
A 2ood \789[&\^(0 cooker
A7i&ce..aneou& e)uip(ent
2. !**ice /upport 9)uip(ent. Au+(ented (odu.e &hou.d inc.ude1
A 5 ork&tation (7icro&o*t o**ice)
A 3 printer& @ &canner head
A 2 cop, (achine& (&(a..) or 1 .ar+e
A 1 I%7A8/A# 7ini 7 ith *a;
A 3 tab.e& and 6 chair& co..ap&ib.e
A 2 hite board& co..ap&ib.e
A !**ice &upp.ie&
3. #e.eco((unication& /upport 9)uip(ent
A 2 I%%7A8/A# and 2a;
A3 <aptop& ith 9A7ai. and 7icro&o*t !**ice
A 12 EH2 radio& hand he.d
A 1 >a&e &tation *or EH2
A 1 EH2 repeater &tation
A 3 C-a +enerator
A (24 hr& dut, *or radio operator&)
4. #ran&port /upport 9)uip(ent
A 4 #o 4;4 a.. terrain -ehic.e& ith *ue.
346
A #e.eco( *itted in -ehic.e&
A 7aintenance e)uip(ent
A In*.atab.e rubber din+h, ith !>7A 2
5. /pecia.i&t F 7edica. /upport 9)uip(ent
7edica. or /pecia.i&t e)uip(ent and per&onne. cou.d be a part o* the
(odu.e dependin+ on he need& o* the (i&&ion e.+. %ur&e ith ba&ic (edica.
e)uip(ent0 air tra**ic contro..er *or contro..in+ inco(in+ aircra*tF he.icopter at
di&a&ter &ite0 e;ert in *ore&t *ire&0 etc.
*#3#1# CompleF Emer=encD (upport EGuipment ,odule
It i& e;tre(e., di**icu.t to predict either the duration0 .e-e. o* in-o.-e(ent or
&ta**in+ o* an !"HA tea( *or a &udden on&et co(p.e; e(er+enc, (hich i&
here an $%'A" tea( (a, be dep.o,ed). #here*ore0 it i& probab., prudent0 in
keepin+ ith theJ (odu.e princip.e and &i(p.icit, to &a, at thi& &ta+e that *or
e)uip(ent dep.o,(ent in co(p.e; e(er+encie& (a rare occurrence)0 !"HA
&hou.d &tate it& need in ter(& o* Jnu(ber& o* (odu.e& needed i.e. 102 or 3 etc.
An, &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent not a-ai.ab.e in a ba&ic &e+(ented 7odu.e unit e.+.
hea-, truck0 can be a&ked *or in addition to the (odu.e.
*#.#Additional serCices proCided bD OCHA's
Disaster %esponse &ranch
In co(p.iance ith 4enera. A&&e(b., re&o.ution 46F1820 the !**ice *or the
"oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& ()!"HA)0 in 4ene-a0 ha& e&tab.i&hed an
e(er+enc, re&pon&e &,&te( *or coordinatin+ action& taken b, the internationa.
co((unit, a& a re&u.t o* natura. di&a&ter& and en-iron(enta. e(er+encie&0
inc.udin+ techno.o+ica. accident&.
347
#he !**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA) i& the *oca.
point in the $% &,&te( *or (obi.i?in+ and coordinatin+ internationa. di&a&ter
re&pon&e and can be contacted on a tent,A*ourAhour ba&i& in ca&e o*
e(er+enc,. # !"HA 4ene-a !peration& "enter i& i((ediate., acti-ated0 hen
nece&&ar,0 and i& &pecia.., de&i+ned and e)uipped *or the (obi.i?ation and
coordination o* internationa. e(er+enc, operation& in re&pon&e to di&a&ter&.
!ut&ide o**icia. orkin+ hour&0 the !"HA 4ene-a !peration& "enter i&
acti-ated b, the 'ut, !**icer ho0 in ca&e o* e(er+enc,0 can be reached at an,
ti(e throu+h the e(er+enc, te.ephone nu(ber (@4122)917A2010.
"ountrie& can addre&& re)ue&t& *or in*or(ation andFor internationa.
a&&i&tance in ca&e& o* natura. di&a&ter& or en-iron(enta. e(er+encie& direct., to
!"HA0 or throu+h the $nited %ation& 8e&ident "oordinator in the a**ected
countr,. In ca&e o* e(er+enc,0 !"HA a.ert& and (obi.i?e& the internationa.
co((unit,.
A& the *oca. point *or coordinatin+ internationa. re&pon&e to an e(er+enc,0
the re.e-ant 8e+iona. 'e&k i((ediate., prepare& and di&&e(inate& &ituation&
report& to e(er+enc, re.ie* &er-ice& o* donor +o-ern(ent&0 the $nited %ation&
&,&te(0 inter+o-ern(enta. and nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation& (a.. to+ether
about 600 addre&&e&).
*#.#2# Emer=encD Cash 4rant
:hen the &ituation arrant& and &ub=ect to the a-ai.abi.it, o* *und&0 !"HA
i.. pro-ide an e(er+enc, ca&h +rant to the 4o-ern(ent o* the di&a&terA&tricken
countr,. #he purpo&e o* the +rant i& to co-er the (o&t pre&&in+ need& o* the
a**ected popu.ation0 hich cannot be &ati&*ied *ro( nationa. re&ource&0 hi.e
aaitin+ the re&pon&e o* the internationa. donor co((unit,. !"HA can (ake
348
a-ai.ab.e up to $/Z 500000 throu+h the !**ice o* the $nited %ation&
8e&identFHu(anitarian "oordinator i* the 4o-ern(ent .unche& an appea. *or
internationa. a&&i&tance i((ediate., a*ter the occurrence o* the di&a&ter.
*#.#2 Channel for Donor Contributions
!"HA i& read, to act a& an e;peditiou& channe. *or donor contribution&0
re.,in+ on )uick and &i(p.e ad(ini&trati-e procedure&.
"a&h contribution& b, donor& to a**ected countrie& i.. be (ana+ed b,
!"HA0 in accordance ith e;i&tin+ procedure&0 under a dedicated &ubAaccount
in the $nited %ation& #ru&t 2und *or 'i&a&ter 8e.ie*. "ontribution& channe.ed
throu+h !"HA i.. be u&ed to co-er priorit, re.ie* need& identi*ied in c.o&e
con&u.tation ith the +o-ern(ent o* the a**ected countr, and the .oca. $nited
%ation& 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( ($%A'7#).
*#.#3 6arehouse of Emer=encD related *tems
!"HA (aintain& a per(anent (reneab.e) &tock o* donated di&a&ter re.ie*
ite(&0 at the !"HA arehou&e in 6i&a0 Ita.,.
#here are e&&entia.., ba&ic &ur-i-a. ite(&0 &uch a& tent&0 b.anket&
+enerator& etc.0 donated b, -ariou& +o-ern(ent& and hich !"HA can tran&port
i((ediate., to di&a&ter a**ected area&0 &ub=ect to the donor (&) a+ree(ent and
the ite(& bein+ a-ai.ab.e in &tock. In ca&e o* need0 the !"HA arehou&e can
act a& an a&&e(b., centre *or the internationa. re.ie* co((unit,. 4ood& and
tran&port are o**ered to the di&a&ter I a**ected countr, *ree o* char+e.
2urther to e;i&tin+ a+ree(ent& ith the :or.d Hea.th !r+ani?ation (:H!)
and the :or.d 2ood 6ro+ra((e (:26)0 e(er+enc, *ood and (edica. &upp.ie&
are a.&o &tored at the 6i&a :arehou&e.
349
#he (ana+e(ent o* thi& arehou&e i& no ith :26 and on the date o*
pub.ication o* thi& handbook0 the arehou&e a& to be &hi*ted to >rindi&i
*#.#.# (earch and %escue ((A%! teams
!"HA a.ert& and coordinate& /earch and 8e&cue (/A8) #ea( *ro(
di**erent countrie& hen the &ituation arrant& it0 e.+. in the ca&e o* a (a=or
earth)uake a**ectin+ urban area&. #o+ether ith the Internationa. /earch and
8e&cue Ad-i&or, 4roup II%/A8A4)0 !"HA (aintain& c.o&e contact& ith
operator& o* (a=or Internationa. /earch and 8e&cue #ea(& and ha& de-e.oped a
'irector, o* /A8 #ea(& hich (eet a+reed )ua.it, criteria *or internationa.
operation&.
*#.#8# Emer=encD "elecommunications
!"HA can a&&i&t in e&tab.i&hin+ and coordinatin+ &ecure and re.iab.e
te.eco((unication& durin+ the e(er+enc, re&pon&e pha&e.
In connection ith an !/!""0 and hen re)uired0 !"HA can pro-ide
&ate..ite and radio te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent to+ether ith e;perienced
technician& in order to e&tab.i&h re.iab.e te.eco((unication& channe.&
internationa.., and beteen a capita. and an a**ected area0 a& e.. a& ithin the
a**ected area.
*#.#1 "echnical and )o=istics %esources
!"HA can a&&i&t in identi*,in+ need& *or and acce&&in+ technica. and
.o+i&tic& re&ource& in &upport o* *ie.d coordination.
!"HA ha& e&tab.i&hed &tandAb, arran+e(ent& ith 4o-ern(ent& and
hu(anitarian or+ani?ation& *or acce&& to *ie.d coordination &upport re&ource&
(&uch a& o**ice &upport0 tran&port0 te.eco((unication&0 coordination centre
350
in*ra&tructure0 etc.). :hen re)uired0 in .ar+eA&ca.e e(er+encie&0 !"HA can
a&&i&t in the (obi.i?ation0 dep.o,(ent and (ana+e(ent o* &uch re&ource& *or the
e&tab.i&h(ent o* a "oordination "entre and other co((on &er-ice&.
*#.#+ EnCironmental Emer=encies
:hen re)ue&ted0 !"HA can a.&o a&&i&t countrie& to cope ith
en-iron(enta. a&pect& o* e(er+encie&0 inc.udin+ indu&tria. accident& not co-ered
b, other e;i&tin+ arran+e(ent&.
In particu.ar0 dependin+ on the circu(&tance&0 the =oint $%96F!"HA
9n-iron(ent $nit i..1
- act a& a broker to *aci.itate )uick direct .ink& beteen *oca. point& in
re)ue&tin+ countrie& and pro-ider& o* e;perti&e and &pecia.i?ed e)uip(ent0
and0 i* nece&&ar,0 he.p ith the practica. (oda.itie& o* de.i-erin+ a&&i&tanceJ
- /er-e a& an in*or(ation c.earin+Ahou&e to pro-ide rapid acce&& to e;i&tin+
nationa. bodie&0 and internationa. &ource& o* in*or(ation and ad-ice on the
re&pon&e re)uiredJ
- 2aci.itate initia. a&&e&&(ent andFor po&tAe(er+enc, ana.,&i&0 b, e&tab.i&hin+
contact& beteen re)ue&tin+ countrie& and de&i+nated e;pert& or
internationa. bodie&0 and arran+in+ a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion& upon re)ue&t.
*#.#3# Central %e=ister of Disaster ,ana=ement Capacities
!"HA (aintain& a "entra. 8e+i&ter o* 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent "apacitie&0
hich (a, be a-ai.ab.e *or internationa. a&&i&tance.
#he *o..oin+ part& o* the 8e+i&ter are in e;i&tence1 on Internationa.
/earch and 8e&cue #ea(&0 on 9(er+enc, /tockpi.e& o* 'i&a&ter 8e.ie* Ite(&0
on 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent 9;perti&4e0 on 7i.itar, and "i-i. 'e*en&e A&&et&0 on
351
"u&to(& 2oca. 6oint&0 on "ontact& *or 'i&a&ter 8e&pon&e0 and on 7a=or 'onor&
*or 9(er+enc, Hu(anitarian A&&i&tance.
*#.#/# ,ilitarDA CiCil $rotection and CiCil Defence Assets
!"HA can (obi.i?e and coordinate the dep.o,(ent o* 7i.itar,0 "i-i.
6rotection and "i-i. 'e*ence A&&et& *ro( a nu(ber o* countrie& and (u.tinationa.
or+ani?ation&.
#he&e a&&et& inc.ude &pecia.i?ed per&onne. and e)uip(ent re)uired *or
di&a&ter re.ie* operation& (e.+. aircra*t0 he.icopter&0 &hip&0
nuc.earFbio.o+ica.Fche(ica. deconta(ination *aci.itie&0 *ie.d ho&pita.&0 ater
puri*ication unit& etc.).
A 7i.itar, and "i-i. 'e*ence $nit (7"'$) i& e&tab.i&hed ithin !"HA a& a
*oca. point *or the u&e o* (i.itar, and ci-i. de*ence (ci-i. protection) re&ource& in
a.. t,pe& o* hu(anitarian e(er+encie&. 7oreo-er0 it can e&tab.i&h an onA&ite
coordination centre *or (u.tiAa+enc, e(p.o,(ent o* &uch a&&i&tance. In ca&e o*
natura. di&a&ter& and en-iron(enta. e(er+encie&0 inc.udin+ techno.o+ica.
accident&0 the pro-i&ion o* (i.itar, and ci-i. de*ence a&&et& take& p.ace in
accordance ith a+reed upon procedure& (!&.o 4uide.ine&0 7a, 1994).
In (o&t (a=or di&a&ter&0 the &tricken countr, i.. (obi.i&e it& on (i.itar,
and ci-i. de*ence re&ource& to enhance it& nationa. di&a&ter re&pon&e capacit,.
In &o(e ca&e&0 hoe-er0 the need *or additiona. andFor &pecia.i&ed a&&et&
e;ceed& the capacit, o* the &tricken countr,. 2or that purpo&e. !"HA ha&
de-e.oped a &,&te( *or the (obi.i&ation o* internationa. 7i.itar, and "i-i. 'e*ence
A&&et& (7"'A) throu+h the 7i.itar, and "i-i. 'e*ence $nit (7"'$).
7"'A inc.ude a ide -ariet, o* &pecia.i&ed e)uip(ent0 &ki..& and
per&onne.. 9;a(p.e& *ro( pa&t e(er+encie& inc.ude *i;edAin+ aircra*t0
352
he.icopter&0 re&cue boat&0 air tra**ic contro.0 air*ie.d &a*et, contro.0 che(ica.
detection0 brid+e con&truction and repair0 rapid runa, repair0 ater puri*ication
and di&tribution0 and pro-i&ion o* &he.ter (ca(p con&truction and &ecurit,). /uch
a&&et& are pro-ided0 nor(a.., *ree o* char+e0 b, a nu(ber o* donor countrie& on
the ba&i& o* e;i&tin+ arran+e(ent& and procedure& ith !"HA. #he 7"'$
(aintain& a databa&e o* 7"'A hich donor countrie& ha-e indicated a&
potentia.., a-ai.ab.e *or hu(anitarian e(er+encie& (In*or(ation *ro( thi&
databa&e i& a-ai.ab.e on the !"HAA!n.ine eb&ite).
8e)ue&tin+ 7"'A
#he 7"'$ ne-er initiate& re)ue&t& *or a&&et& on it& on initiati-e0 but on.,
on the ba&i& o* a re)ue&t *ro( a re&pon&ib.e hu(anitarian a+enc, or
or+ani?ation. #he $%'A" tea( can reco((end to !"HA0 throu+h the 8e&ident
"oordinator0 and in a+ree(ent ith the di&a&terAa**ected countr,0 that the 7"'$
b4e in&tructed to (obi.i&e 7"'A i* &uch are *ound to be nece&&ar,.
#he ba&ic criteria &hou.d be that (i.itar, andFor ci-i. de*ence a&&et& are
nece&&ar, due to the ur+enc, or (a+nitude o* the di&a&ter0 or becau&e the
&peci*ic e)uip(ent o* &ki..& re)uired do not e;i&t e.&ehere. An $%'A"
+enerated re)ue&t (throu+h the 8e&ident "oordinator) to !"HA &hou.d
inde.icate1
- the ta&k to be per*or(ed (a& detai.ed a& po&&ib.e)
- the ur+enc,
- the rea&on h, the ta&k cannot be co(p.eted b, ci-i.ian re&ource&
- and0 (o&t i(portant.,0 the re&pon&ib.e point o* contact ho i.. recei-e the
re)ue&ted 7"'A.
In ca&e o* .ar+e &ca.e e(p.o,(ent o* 7"'A in an e(er+enc,0 the 7"'$
(a, be re)uir3ed to &end a &ta** (e(ber0 or a per&on trained at the $% "I7I"
353
(ci-i.A7i.itar, "ooperation) cour&e& to a&&i&t in the .iai&on beteen the (i.itar,
and the ci-i.ian di&a&ter re&pon&e coordination (echani&(. I* no "I7I" or 7"'$
per&onne. i& dep.o,ed0 it i& the re&pon&ibi.it, o* the re)ue&tor ($%'A"
#ea(F8e&ident "oordinator) to en&ure that inco(in+ (i.itar, or "i-i. 'e*ence
A&&et& are recei-ed and +uided to their p.ace.
7# UN*"ED NA"*ON( AND *N"E%NA"*ONA)
%E($ON(E O%4AN*(A"*ON(
7#2 *ntroduction
:hen an $%'A" tea( i& on a (i&&ion0 it i.. be orkin+ ithin a re.ie*
en-iron(ent that con&i&t& o* a ran+e o* or+ani?ation& orkin+ toard& the &a(e
+oa.. #he&e -ar, *ro( the nationa. and .oca. authoritie& (de&cribed at other
p.ace& in thi& handbook) throu+h the $nited %ation& or+ani?ation&. #he $%'A"A
(e(ber& (u&t be aare o* thi& en-iron(ent and take it into account a& e.. a&
&eek to ork to+ether ith it& co(ponent& in the be&t po&&ib.e a,. #hi& &hou.d
354
be done in an open and nonAthreatenin+ a, (i.e. $%'A" i& not a co(petin+ or
ri-a. or+ani?ation)0 and b, actin+ a& a cata.,&t ithin the re.ie* co((unit,.
In the *o..oin+ &ubAchapter& the (o&t .ike., or+ani?ation& that an $%'A"
tea( i.. (eet and cooperate ith are +i-en a &hort de&cription.
7#2 "he United Nations (Dstem
7#2#2# UN D," (United Nations Disaster ,ana=ement "eam!
A $% 'i&a&ter 7ana+e(ent #ea( ($% '7#) i& *or(ed in each di&a&terA
prone countr, in the e-ent o* a di&a&ter a**ectin+ the countr,. I* the di&a&ter
c.ear., *a..& ithin the co(petence and (andate o* a $% a+enc,0 then thi&
or+ani?ation i.. nor(a.., take the .ead (the $% '7# i.. then be the *oru( *or
di&cu&&in+ the &upport o* the .ead a+enc,). #he $% '7# i& con-ened and
chaired b, the $% 8e&ident "oordinator (ho i.. u&ua.., be the $%'6F!"HA
8e&ident 8epre&entati-e0 and i.. a.a,& repre&ent !"HA) and &hou.d nor(a..,
be co(pri&ed o* a core +roup repre&ented b, the countr, .e-e. repre&entati-e& o*
2A!0 $%'6F!"HA0 $%I"920 :260 :H!0 and0 here pre&ent0 $%H"8. Apart
*ro( thi& core +roup0 the co(po&ition o* the $% '7# i& deter(ined b, takin+ the
di&a&ter t,pe into account. #he tea( (a, be en.ar+ed b, inc.udin+ per&onne.
*ro( re.e-ant a+encie& hen a di&a&ter ari&e&. #he .eader o* the $%'A" tea(0
hich i& a&&i+ned b, !"HA0 &hou.d auto(atica.., beco(e a (e(ber o* the $%
'7#. #he $% 8e&ident "oordinator i& re&pon&ib.e *or the $%'A" tea( hi.e it
i& inAcountr,. #he $%'6 di&a&ter *oca. point o**icer o*ten &er-e& a& &ecretar, *or
the $% '7#0 but the tea( (a, choo&e to de&i+nate another per&on. #he $%'6
a.&o pro-ide the -enue and the ba&ic ad(ini&trati-e &upport *or the (eetin+& a&
e.. a& the ba&ic &upport.
$urpose of the UN D,"
355
#he pri(ar, purpo&e o* the $% '7# i& to en&ure that a pro(pt0 e**ecti-e0
and concerted re&pon&e b, the $% &,&te( i& (ade at countr, .e-e. in the e-ent
o* a di&a&ter. #he tea( &hou.d en&ure &i(i.ar coordination o* $% a&&i&tance to
the recei-in+ +o-ern(ent in re&pect to rehabi.itation0 recon&truction0 and di&a&ter
(iti+ation. #he tea( &hou.d coordinate a.. di&a&ter re.ated acti-itie&0 technica.
ad-ice and (ateria. a&&i&tance pro-ided b, $% a+encie&0 a& e.. a& takin+ &tep&
to a-oid a&te*u. dup.ication or co(petition *or re&ource& b, $% a+encie&. #he
$% '7# a.&o inter*ace& ith the recei-in+ +o-ern(ent nationa. e(er+enc,
(ana+e(ent tea(0 *ro( hich a repre&entati-e (a,0 here practica.0 be
inc.uded in the $% '7#. In practice it i& -ita. that the po.icie& o* the $% '7#
re.ate to tho&e appro-ed b, the recei-in+ +o-ern(ent.
7#2#2 OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs!
In co(p.iance ith 4enera. A&&e(b., re&o.ution 46F1820 the $%
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator a& e&tab.i&hed b, the &ecretar,A+enera.. #he
!**ice *or the "oordination o* Hu(anitarian A**air& (!"HA) i& the o**ice o* the
9(er+enc, 8e.ie* "oordinator ho i& a.&o the $% underA/ecretar,A4enera. *or
Hu(anitarian A**air&. #he o**ice i& part o* the $% /ecretariat and the $/4
Hu(anitarian A**air&F98" report& direct.,0 to the &ecretar,A+enera.. #he +oa. o*
the 4enera. A&&e(b., a& to &tren+then the coordination o* hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance in the $%0 and the re&o.ution &et& out the ba&ic princip.e& *or
hu(anitarian a&&i&tance to be pro-ided b, the or+ani?ation0 and reco((end&
&peci*ic (ea&ure& to *aci.itate a pro(pt and coordinated re&pon&e to co(p.e;
e(er+encie& and natura. and (anA(ade di&a&ter&.
!"HA i& &ituated in both %e Gork and 4ene-aJ the *or(er to enab.e the
o**ice to be ab.e to &upport the &ecretar,A+enera. and to .ook a*ter the po.itica.0
(i.itar, and po.ic, re.ated a&pect& o* it& ork0 the .atter to enab.e the o**ice to be
c.o&e to the i(p.e(entin+ $% a+encie& and thereb, be e**ecti-e in coordinatin+
*ie.d re&pon&e to natura. di&a&ter& and co(p.e; e(er+encie&. 6o.ic,
356
coordination0 po.ic, p.annin+ .and ear., arnin+ are dea.t ith in %e Gork0 hi.e
the 4ene-a o**ice act& a& the *oca. point *or e(er+enc, operationa. &upport J.and
di&a&ter re&pon&e coordination.
!"HA i& ab.e to re&pond to e(er+encie& ithin it& re(it i((ediate.,
becau&e o* a tent,A*ourAhour dut, &,&te(. 8e&pon&e i& ad=u&ted accordin+ to
the t,pe and &i?e o* an e(er+enc,0 i.e. an,thin+ *ro( i&&uin+ In*or(ation 8eport&
(hen no appea. ha& been recei-ed *ro( the a**ected countr,)0 throu+h i&&uin+
/ituation 8eport& (hen an internationa. appea. ha& been recei-ed *ro( the
a**ected countr,) to *u..A&ca.e in-o.-e(ent b, &endin+ a&&e&&(ent and
coordinatin+ tea(& to the a**ected area0 coordinatin+ re.ie* e**ort&0 .aunchin+ =oint
$% appea.& etc.
8e&ource&
#he re&ource& a-ai.ab.e are u&ed .in re&pon&e to both natura. di&a&ter&
and co(p.e; e(er+encie&. #he hu(an0 technica. and .o+i&tic re&ource&
a-ai.ab.e are (o&t., &upp.ied b, the 'ani&h and %ore+ian 8e*u+ee "ounci.&0
the 'ani&h 9(er+enc, 7ana+e(ent A+enc,0 the /edi&h 8e&cue /er-ice&
A+enc,0 and the 9(er+enc, <o+i&tic& 7ana+e(ent #ea( o* the $nited Cin+do(
!-er&ea& 'e-e.op(ent Ad(ini&tration throu+h the 2ie.d "oordination /upport
$nit (2/"$) in 4ene-a.
!"HA ad(ini&ter& a "entra. 9(er+enc, 8e-o.-in+ 2und ("982) hich
can be u&ed *or pro-idin+ ur+ent *und& to the $% 8e&ident "oordinator in
e(er+enc, &ituation&. #he *und i.. be rei(bur&ed b, the a+enc,.
7#2#3# UND$ (United Nations DeCelopment $ro=ramme!
$%'6 *ocu&e& pri(ari., on the de-e.op(entAre.ated a&pect& o* di&a&ter
ri&k& and occurrence&0 and on pro-idin+ technica. a&&i&tance to in&titutionA
357
bui.din+ in re.ation to a.. a&pect& o* di&a&ter (ana+e(ent and (iti+ation. It&
e(pha&i& i& there*ore on1
(a) incorporatin+ .on+Ater( ri&k reduction and preparedne&& (ea&ure& in
nor(a. de-e.op(ent p.annin+ and pro+ra((e&0 inc.udin+ &upport *or
&peci*ic (iti+ation (ea&ure& here re)uired.
(b) A&&i&tin+ in the p.annin+ and i(p.e(entation o* po&tAdi&a&ter rehabi.itation
and recon&truction0 inc.udin+ the de*inition o* ne de-e.op(ent &trate+ie&
that incorporate ri&k reduction (ea&ure& re.e-ant to the a**ected area.
(c) 8e-iein+ the i(pact o* .ar+e &ett.e(ent& o* re*u+ee& or di&p.aced
per&on& on de-e.op(ent0 and &eekin+ a,& to incorporate the re*u+ee&
and di&p.aced per&on& in de-e.op(ent &trate+ie&.
(d) 6ro-idin+ technica. a&&i&tance to the authoritie& (ana+in+ (a=or
e(er+enc, a&&i&tance operation& o* e;tended duration (e&pecia.., in
re.ation to di&p.aced per&on& and the po&&ibi.itie& *or achie-in+ durab.e
&o.ution& in &uch ca&e&).
In addition0 $%'6 pro-ide& ad(ini&trati-e and operationa. &upport to the
8e&ident "oordinator *unction0 particu.ar., at countr, .e-e.0 but a.&o at
head)uarter&.
8e&ource&
In the e-ent o* a di&a&ter0 here a (a=or e(er+enc, &ub&tantia.., a**ect&
the ho.e de-e.op(ent proce&& ithin a countr,0 $%'6 re&ource& (a, be u&ed
to pro-ide technica. a&&i&tance to p.an and (ana+e the operation0 ith the
a+ree(ent o* the 4o-ern(ent.
In the e-ent o* a (a=or e(er+enc, operation o* e;tended duration ta.kin+
p.ace in a de-e.opin+ countr,0 $%'6 (a, accept and ad(ini&ter &pecia. e;traA
bud+etar, contribution& to pro-ide technica. and (ateria. a&&i&tance to the
re&pon&ib.e nationa. authoritie&. #hi& (i+ht inc.ude he.pin+ to e&tab.i&h and then
358
ad(ini&terin+ a $%A'7# 9(er+enc, In*or(ation and "oAordination (9I")
&upport unit. /uch $%'6 action& are c.o&e., coordinated ith !"HA and a..
other $% a+encie& in-o.-ed in pro-idin+ a&&i&tance.
#echnica. and (ateria. a&&i&tance in &upport o* .on+Ater( ri&k reduction
and preparedne&& (ea&ure& i& inc.uded in the countr, pro+ra((e0 and (a, be
*unded *ro( I62 re&ource& or *ro( other $%'6Aad(ini&tered *und&. #he &a(e
can a.&o be u&ed to a&&i&t rehabi.itation and recon&truction. /pecia. additiona.
+rant& Jup to ($/Z1.1 7i..ion) (a, be (ade *ro( /68 *und& *or technica.
a&&i&tance to po&tAdi&a&ter reco-er, e**ort& *o..oin+ natura. di&a&ter&.
Or=ani;ational arran=ements
#he re&ident repre&entati-e i& re&pon&ib.e *or en&urin+ that a.. concerned
in p.annin+ de-e.op(ent pro+ra((e& are aare o* an, knon or potentia.
ha?ard& and their .ike., e**ect&0 and that the&e are appropriate., taken int5o
account in the countr, pro+ra((e. In the e-ent o* a di&a&ter the re&ident
repre&entati-e (obi.i?e& $%'6 &ta** and technica. a&&i&tance per&onne. and
other re&ource& that (eet the need& o* the &ituation0 particu.ar., tho&e needed
*or the initia. a&&e&&(ent and i((ediate re&pon&e.
#he $%'6 re&ident repre&entati-e a.&o1
"o..aborate& ith the $%H"8 in ca&e& o* protracted re*u+ee a&&i&tance
operation& to he.p inte+rate the re*u+ee& into .oca. de-e.op(ent pro+ra((e
acti-itie&0 and inc.ude a de-e.op(ent per&pecti-e in the a&&i&tance to the
re*u+ee&.
He.p& other or+ani?ation&0 inc.udin+ %4!&0 in-o.-ed in p.annin+ and
pro-idin+ e(er+enc, a&&i&tance to inc.ude de-e.op(ent per&pecti-e& in their
pro+ra((e& and acti-itie&.
359
In a.. di&a&ter I prone countr, *ie.d o**ice&0 a &enior nationa. o**icer i&
de&i+nated a 3di&a&ter *oca. point5 *or a.. di&a&ter I re.ated (atter& inc.udin+
(iti+ation0 re&pon&e and inAcountr, $%F$%'6 preparedne&&.
7#2#.# UNHC% (United Nations Hi=h Commissioner for %efu=ees!
#he (a=orit, o* $%H"8H& pro+ra((e& be+in a& a re&u.t o* an e(er+enc,1
a &udden in*.u; o* re*u+ee&. #he ai( o* $%H"8H& e(er+enc, re&pon&e i& to
pro-ide protection to per&on& o* concern to the or+ani?ation and en&ure that the
nece&&ar, a&&i&tance reache& the( in ti(e. :ith re+ard to (ateria. a&&i&tance0
$%H"8H& +oa. i& the &ur-i-a. o* re*u+ee& throu+h en&urin+ ade)uate ba&ic and
&upp.e(entar, *ood &upp.ie&0 hea.th care0 &he.ter0 ater and &anitar, *aci.itie&0
c.othin+ and e&&entia. co((8unit, &er-ice&. 7uch o* $%H"8 (ateria.
a&&i&tance i& channe.ed throu+h it& i(p.e(entin+ partner&0 i.e. the +o-ern(ent o*
the a&,.u( countr, and nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&.
8e&ource& (*inancia.0 technica. and (ateria.)
#he (a=orit, o* $%H"8H& pro+ra((e& be+in a& a re&u.t o* an e(er+enc,1
a &udden in*.u; o* re*u+ee&. #he ai( o* $%H"8H& e(er+enc, re&pon&e i& to
pro-ide protection to per&on& o* concern to the or+ani?ation and en&ure that the
nece&&ar, a&&i&tance reache& the( in ti(e. :ith re+ard to (ateria. a&&i&tance0
$%H"8H& +oa. i& the &ur-i-a. o* re*u+ee& throu+h en&urin+ ade)uate ba&ic and
&upp.e(entar, *ood &upp.ie&0 hea.th care0 0&he.ter0 ater and &anitar, *aci.itie&0
c.othin+ and e&&entia. co((unit, &er-ice&. 7uch o* $%H"8 (ateria. a&&i&tance
i& channe..ed throu+h it& i(p.e(entin+ partner&0 i.e. the +o-ern(ent o* the
a&,.u( countr, and nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation&.
8e&ource& (2inancia.0 technica. and (ateria.)
360
2inancia.1 $%H"8 ha& an !perationa. 8e&er-e (a& o* 1 Danuar, 2000)
*ro( hich *inancia. a&&i&tance can be pro-ided to re*u+ee& and di&p.aced
per&on& in e(er+enc, &ituation& *or hich there i& no pro-i&ion in e;i&tin+ annua.
pro+ra((e&. #he Hi+h "o((i&&ioner (a, a..ocate *ro( the 8e&er-e *or
e(er+encie&0 pro-ided that the a(ount (ade a-ai.ab.e *or an, one &in+.e
e(er+enc, &ha.. not e;ceed Z10 (i..ion in an, one ,ear.
#echnica.1 In the $%H"8 9(er+enc, 6reparedne&& and 8e&pon&e /ection
(968/) there are 5 9(er+enc, 6reparedne&& and 8e&pon&e !**icer& (968!)
ho are on &tandb, to .ead e(er+enc, re&pon&e tea(&. #he, (a, be &upported
or co(p.e(ented b, a ide -ariet, o* other hu(an re&ource& na(e.,1
1 9(er+enc, Ad(ini&trati-e !**icer and 2 9(er+enc, Ad(ini&trati-e
A&&i&tant& on &tandb, *or &ettin+ up o**ice& in e(er+enc, &ituation&J
30 (e(ber& o* an 9(er+enc, 8o&ter0 ho are &ta** ith -ariou& .e-e.& o* &ki..
and e;perience ho are occup,in+ po&t& throu+hout the or.d but are
e;pected to be i((ediate., re.ea&ed *or e(er+enc, dep.o,(ent. #he
co(po&ition o* thi& ro&ter i& chan+ed periodica.., to en&ure a hi+h .e-e. o*
&ta** preparedne&& and a-ai.abi.it,J
An arran+e(ent ith the 'ani&h 8e*u+ee "ounci.0 the %ore+ian 8e*u+ee
"ounci. and the $nited %ation& Eo.unteer& to pro-ide -ariou& cate+orie& o*
&ta** at &hort notice *or e(er+enc, dep.o,(ent. #here are &o(e 500 per&on&
on thi& &tandb, ro&terJ
An arran+e(ent ith &e.ected %4!& *or rapid dep.o,(ent to i(p.e(ent
a&&i&tance acti-itie& in di**erent &ector& &uch a& hea.th0 &anitation0 .o+i&tic&
and &ocia. &er-ice&.
A.. the&e &ta** can be &upported under an arran+e(ent ith the /edi&h
8e&cue /er-ice& A+enc, hich can &et up a ba&e ca(p and o**ice0 in e;tre(e
condition&0 ith 48 hour& notice. Additiona. &tockpi.e& o* -ehic.e&0
361
te.eco((unication& e)uip(ent0 co(puter&0 per&ona. *ie.d kit&0 and preApacka+ed
o**ice kit& are (aintained *or &ta** &upport.
7ateria.1 $%H"8 (aintain& a centra.., contro..ed &tockpi.e o*
pre*abricated arehou&e&0 b.anket&0 kitchen &et&0 ater &tora+e and puri*ication
e)uip(ent and p.a&tic &heetin+. #he&e are &tored in re+iona. arehou&e& or are
on ca.. ith e&tab.i&hed &upp.ier& ho +uarantee rapid de.i-er,. $%H"8 a.&o ha&
arran+e(ent& ith e;terna. &tockpi.e& out&ide the $% &,&te( &uch a& ith the
/edi&h 8e&cue >oard and i& ne+otiatin+ &i(i.ar arran+e(ent& ith %4!&
hich (aintain their on &tockpi.e&.
$%H"8 repre&entati-e& (a, co((it a .i(ited a(ount o* re&ource&0
inc.udin+ *inancia.0 (ateria.& and technica.0 to a re*u+ee e(er+enc, hen there
i& a.read, an e;i&tin+ in that countr,.
6rocedure& *or countr, .e-e. &ta** in re.ation to po&tAdi&a&ter a&&e&&(ent&
*und reportin+ $%H"8 *ie.d &ta** are re&pon&ib.e *or carr,in+ out e(er+enc,
need&Fre&ource& a&&e&&(ent&0 *re)uent., ith the a&&i&tance o* 968/ &ta** and
technica. e;pert& *ro( head)uarter&. 4enera. +uide.ine& *or a&&e&&(ent &ur-e,&
are a-ai.ab.e in the $%H"8 Handbook *or 9(er+encie&. 8eportin+ to
Head)uarter& take& p.ace throu+h &ituation report&0 a *or(at *or hich i& a.&o
a-ai.ab.e in the $%H"8 Handbook *or 9(er+encie&. 6.an& *or carr,in+ out &uch
a&&e&&(ent& and &ituation report& &hou.d be detai.ed in each >ranch !**iceH&
8e*u+ee 9(er+enc, "ontin+enc, 6.an.
'e*inition& and *unda(enta. princip.e& re.atin+ to $%H"8 a&&i&tance to
3re*u+ee&5
$nder the /tatute o* $%H"8 a re*u+ee i&1
3An, per&on ho0 oin+ to e..A*ounded *ear o* bein+ per&ecuted *or rea&on& o*
race0 re.i+ion0 nationa.it, and i& unab.e or0 oin+ to &uch *ear or *or rea&on& other
than per&ona. con-enience0 i& uni..in+ to a-ai. hi(&e.* o* the protection o* that
362
countr,J or ho0 not ha-in+ a nationa.it, and bein+ out&ide the countr, o* hi&
*or(er habitua. re&idence0 i& unab.e ork0 oin+ to &uch *ear or *or rea&on& other
than per&ona. con-enience0 i& uni..in+ to return to it.5
$nti. the re*u+ee &tatu& o* indi-idua.& or +roup& pre&entin+ the(&e.-e& a&
re*u+ee& ha& been deter(inedA b, /tate 6art, or the 1951 "on-ention andFor the
1967 6rotoco.A the, are con&idered a&,.u(A&eeker& and are entit.ed to the
protection o* the $%H"8. #he $%H"8 ha& the re&pon&ibi.it, to e;tend protection
to &uch per&on& hether or not the 4o-ern(ent o* the countr, in hich the, are
&eekin+ a&,.u( ha& (ake an, *or(a. re)ue&t *or the inter-ention o* #H9 !**ice.
#he Hi+h "o((i&&ioner ha& the ri+ht to take initiati-e& to e;tend protection.
7ateria. a&&i&tance i& hoe-er0 on., +i-en in re&pon&e to an o**icia. re)ue&t.
8e&o.ution& adopted b, the 4enera. A&&e(b., and 9"!/!" ha-e0 in
&o(e ca&e&0 ca..ed upon the Hi+h "o((i&&ioner to concern her&e.* ith
di&p.aced per&on&0 o*ten ithin the *ra(eork to $nited %ation& hu(anitarian
endea-our& *or hich the o**ice (a, ha-e particu.ar e;perti&e. #he Hi+h
"o((i&&ioner (a, participate in &uch endea-our& ith other $nited %ation&
a+encie&0 a& re)uired0 at the in-itation o* the /ecretar,A 4enera. o* the 4enera.
A&&e(b.,.
7#2#8# UN*CEF (United Nations Children Fund!
4oals and ObBectiCes
$%I"92H& +oa. in e(er+enc, &ituation& in broad., de*ined a& *o..o&1
3In e(er+enc, &ituation& that po&e a -io.ent0 e;tre(e and o*ten &udden
threat tot he &ur-i-a.0 protection and de-e.op(ent ri+ht& o* chi.dren and o(en
363
and to the inte+rit, and &tabi.it, o* the *a(i.,0 $%I"92 ad-ocate& *or the &pecia.
protection and care o* a**ected chi.dren and o(en and e;tend& a&&i&tance to
the( i(partia..,0 ithout di&cri(ination and on the ba&i& o* need.5
#he ba&i& ob=ecti-e& are to1
6re-ent e;po&ure o* chi.dren to ri&k b, addre&&in+ root cau&e& o* con*.ict1J
9n&ure the &ur-i-a. o* the (o&t -u.nerab., chi.dren and o(enAinc.udin+
tho&e di&p.aced ithin their on countrie&Aand protect the( a+ain&t
(a.nutrition and di&ea&e durin+ dan+erou& and chaotic ear., da,& o* acute
e(er+encie&0 thou+h acce&& to e&&entia. .i*eA&a-in+ and .i*eA&u&tainin+
&er-ice&J
A&&ure protection a+ain&t intended -io.ence0 e;p.oitation0 abu&e0 rape0 and
recruit(ent into ar(ed *orce&J
/upport the rehabi.itation and reco-er, o* peop.e and co((unitie& throu+h
de-e.op(ent action& to re&tore p&,cho &ocia. hea.th0 (aterna. and chi.d
hea.th care0 &choo.&0 ater &upp.,0 and &anitation &,&te(&J
6ro(ote .on+A.a&tin+ &o.ution& b, creatin+ and &tren+thenin+ &e.*Ahe.p
capacitie& at *a(i., co((unit, .e-e.& and b, &upportin+ o(enH&
participation in the de-e.op(ent and (ana+e(ent o* &uch &o.ution&.
!-era.. /trate+ie&
2a(i., *ocu&
$%I"92H& action& in e(er+encie& reco+ni?e the pri(ar, re&pon&ibi.it, o*
parent& and *a(i.ie& *or en&urin+ chi.drenH& ri+ht& and e.. bein+. ItH& o-era.. ai(
i& to rein*orce the capacit, o* *a(i.ie& to pro-ide appropriate care to chi.dren and
364
to reunite &eparated *a(i.ie& b, &upportin+ nationa. and .oca. +o-ern(enta. and
nonA+o-ern(enta. de.i-er, &,&te(& and in&titution& upon hich *a(i.ie& depend.
:here the&e are eak or nonAe;i&tent0 $%I"92 a.&o ork& direct., throu+h
internationa. nonA+o-ern(enta. or+ani&ation&.
DeCelopment Orientation
#he *oundation o* $%I"92 action .ie& in it& .on+Ater( countr, pro+ra((e
approach and it& de-e.op(ent orientation. 8eco+ni?in+ the centra. i(portance o*
bui.din+ capacit, and &e.*Are.iance *or e**ecti-e and &u&tainab.e a&&i&tance and to
reduce the -u.nerabi.it, o* chi.dren to *uture e(er+encie&0 $%I"92 ai(& to
enhance rather than &upp.ant .oca.., a-ai.ab.e re&ource& and (echani&(&. #he
(a;i(u( in-o.-e(ent o* indi-idua.&0 co((unitie& and .oca. and nationa.
in&titution& i& &tre&&ed at a.. .e-e.& o* $%I"92 e(er+enc, action.
Components of the Emer=encD %esponse
Assessment
Appropriate and *.e;ib.e action& durin+ a.. &ta+e& o* an e(er+enc, are
ba&ed on &,&te(atic a&&e&&(ent o* acute threat& and e(er+enc, need& o*
chi.dren and o(en. A&&e&&(ent&0 taken a& part o* re+u.ar countr,
pro+ra((in+ e**ort&0 pro-ide in&i+ht& into the under.,in+ ri&k& to the &ur-i-a.0
protection and de-e.op(ent o* chi.dren and he.p to deter(ine appropriate
inter-ention0 co..aboration and ad-ocac,. 6eriodic a&&e&&(ent& o* &peci*ic atA
ri&k +roup& are a.&o re)uired.
Care and (erCice DeliCerD
"are and &er-ice de.i-er, acti-itie& are de&i+ned to en&ure that ba&ic
&ur-i-a. and de-e.op(ent need& are (et. #he&e pro+ra((e& are i(p.e(ented
throu+h co((unit,Aba&ed &,&te(& a& e.. a& throu+h nationa.0 re+iona. and
.oca. authoritie&. /er-ice& inc.ude nutrition and *a(i., *ood &ecurit,0 acce&& to
potab.e ater0 en-iron(enta. h7,+iene and &a*e e;creta di&po&a.0 e&&entia. chi.d
365
hea.th &er-ice& and reproducti-e hea.th care *or o(en0 p&,choA&ocia. &upport to
trau(ati?ed chi.dren and o(en and the reAe&tab.i&h(ent o* education *aci.itie&.
:hen re)uired0 $%I"92 a.&o p.a,& a .i(ited ro.e in pro-idin+ ba&ic nonA*ood
ite(&.
$rotection from Harm
6rotection acti-itie& inc.ude the protection o* a chi.dH& ri+ht to hu(anitarian
a&&i&tance throu+h en&urin+ continuou& acce&& to chi.dren in need and
pre-entin+ abu&e o* (i&u&e o* &uch a&&i&tance. 6rotection a.&o inc.ude&
&hie.din+ chi.dren *ro( har( in*.icted b, other&0 &uch a& -io.ence0 e;p.oitation0
&e;ua. abu&e0 ne+.ect0 crue. and de+radin+ treat(ent0 and recruit(ent into
ar(ed trainin+ and capacit, bui.din+0 ph,&ica. *orce&. #he .e+a. and ethica.
&tandard& that +uide $%I"92H& protection acti-itie& are de*ined b, the
"on-ention o* the 8i+ht& o* the "hi.d and other re.e-ant hu(an ri+ht& .e+i&.ation.
"hi.d ri+ht& are pro(oted throu+h ad-ocac,0 ne+otiation0 di&&e(ination0
protection0 (onitorin+0 reportin+0 and the *o..oAup o* -io.ation&.
6reAand 6o&tA9(er+enc, Action
6reA e(er+enc, pre-ention and preparedne&& and po&tAe(er+enc,
reco-er, are critica. co(ponent& o* $%I"92H& o-era.. e(er+enc, (i&&ion.
6reAe(er+enc, 6re-ention
>a&ic e.e(ent& o* e(er+enc, pre-ention are bui.t into the $%I"92
countr, pro+ra((e. #he&e pro+ra((e& &upport the e;ten&ion o* ba&i& &er-ice&
to (ar+ina.i?ed popu.ation&0 &upport e)uitab.e de-e.op(ent0 pro(ote e)ua.
366
opportunit, *or +ir.& and o(en0 and contribute to the a(e.ioration o* the root
cau&e& o* &ocia. con*.ict.
6reAe(er+enc, 6reparedne&&
:arnin+ &i+n& are u&ua.., apparent be*ore a *u..Ab.on cri&i& erupt&0 and
ear., action can pre-ent or (iti+ate &o(e o* the ad-er&e con&e)uence& on
o(en and chi.dren. In addition to the on+oin+ a&&e&&(ent& and ana.,&i& o*
under.,in+ ri&k&0 $%I"92 &upport& a nu(ber o* preparedne&& initiati-e&0
inc.udin+ preparation o* countr, .e-e. preparedne&& p.an&.
6o&tAe(er+enc, 8eco-er,
$%I"92H& capacit,Abui.din+ and rehabi.itati-e acti-itie& be+in a& ear., a&
po&&ib.e and are inten&i*ied durin+ the po&tAe(er+enc, o* po&tAcon*.ict pha&e.
#he&e acti-itie& &upport the ph,&ica. and p&,cho &ocia. reco-er, and &ocia.
reinte+ration o* chi.d -icti(& o* ne+.ect0 e;p.oitation and abu&eJ the
de(obi.i?ation and &ocia. reinte+ration o* chi.d &o.dier&J *a(i., reuni*ication o*
unacco(panied chi.drenJ the reAe&tab.i&h(ent and i(pro-e(ent o* ba&ic &ocia.
&er-ice& and educationJ and the recon&truction o* .e+a. &,&te( and pro-i&ion& to
protect the &tatu& and ri+ht& o* o(en and +ir.&0 and to protect chi.d &o.dier&0
di&p.aced chi.dren and other chi.d -icti(& o* intentiona. har(.
2undin+ 9(er+enc, Action
$%I"92H& e(er+enc, pro+ra((e& are an e;ten&ion o* re+u.ar $%I"92
pro+ra((e acti-itie& i& re&pon&e to an e(er+enc, and an, additiona. acti-itie&
out&ide the *ra(eork o* re+u.ar countr, pro+ra((e. 9(er+enc, acti-itie& are
367
*unded pri(ari., *ro( &upp.e(entar, *und& *or hich purpo&e a &peci*ic
e(er+enc, pro+ra((e p.an o* action i& de-e.oped. #he e(er+enc, pro+ra((e
p.an o* action can be p.anned0 .aunched and i(p.e(ented under the authorit, o*
the 9;ecuti-e 'irector0 ithout prior appro-a. b, the 9;ecuti-e >oard. In the
ca&e o* a (a=or or co(p.e; e(er+enc,0 the coordination o* pro+ra((in+ ith
other a+encie& i& *or(a.i?ed throu+h the preparation o* a con&o.idated interA
a+enc, appea..
In order to enab.e an i((ediate but .i(ited re&pon&e to an e(er+enc,
&ituation0 $%I"92 8epre&entati-e can di-ert up to Z 500000 *ro( countr,
pro+ra((e re&ource& to e(er+enc, acti-itie&. :hen the e(er+enc, &ituation
&i+ni*icant., eaken& the re.e-ance o* the e&tab.i&hed countr, pro+ra((e0 the
$%I"92 8epre&entati-e can repro+ra((e re&ource& ith +o-ern(ent
concurrence and head)uarter& appro-a..
$%I"92H& 9(er+enc, pro+ra((e 2und (962) co(pri&e& o* a toA,ear
a..ocation o* Z 23 (i..ion out o* hich a re.ea&e can be (ade to pro-ide
nece&&ar, ca&hA*.o *or initia. re&pon&e to an e(er+enc,.
*nstitutional arran=ements and responsibilities :ithin
UN*CEF
#he $%I"92 8epre&entati-e ha& the re&pon&ibi.it, to p.an and (ana+e
$%I"92H& re&pon&e at the "ountr, .e-e.. #he !**ice o* 9(er+enc, 6ro+ra((e&
(97!6/)0 hich ha& &ta** both in %e Gork and in 4ene-a0 ha& the o-era..
re&pon&ibi.it, *or coordinatin+ $%I"92H& e(er+enc, re.ated acti-itie& in c.o&e
co..aboration ith $%I"92 6ro+ra((e 'i-i&ion0 (ana+in+ the 9(er+enc,
6ro+ra((& 2und0 and en&urin+ c.o&e .nterAa+enc, coordination ith internationa.
hu(anitarian or+ani?ation.
A& part o* the o-era.. re&pon&e capacit, in e(er+encie&0 $%I"92 can ca..
on e;perienced &ta** ith &ki..& and co(petencie& *ro( $%I"92 o**ice& or.d
368
ide to pro-ide &upport to countr, o**ice a**ected b, an e(er+enc, &ituation.
#he&e &ta** are e..Atrained $%<I"92 per&onne.0 e;perienced in the area& o*
e(er+enc, pro+ra((e de&i+n and (ana+e(ent0 operation&0 &upp.,0
in*or(ation0 co((unication& and &ecurit, in e(er+enc, &ituation&.
$%I"92 /upp., 'i-i&ion in "openha+en i& the de&i+nat4ed *oca. point to
en&ure rapid re&pon&e in e(e4r+enc, &ituation& in ter(& o* pro-i&ion o* &upp.ie&.
#he rei(bur&ab.e procure(ent *aci.itie& o* the $%I"92 /upp., 'i-i&ion are
a-ai.ab.e a.&o to other or+ani?ation& and a+encie&.
7#2#1# 6F$ (6orld Food $ro=ramme!
In the e-ent o* an e(er+enc, :26 (a,0 dependin+ on the need&1
6ro-ide ad-ice and a&&i&tance to the +o-ern(ent0 other concerned a+encie&
and .oca. authoritie& in a&&e&&in+ po&&ib.e re)uire(ent& *or e(er+enc, *ood
aid0 and in p.annin+ and (ana+in+ appropriate *ood aid inter-ention&.
6ro-ide *ood aid to (eet e(er+enc, *ood need&0 &ub=ect to the a-ai.abi.it, o*
re&ource& and the a&&e&&ed need *or internationa. *ood aid.
He.p to (obi.i?e and en&ure coAordination in the p.annin+ and de.i-er, o* *ood
a&&i&tance *ro( a.. &ource&0 and an, nece&&ar, .o+i&tic& &upport and other
co(p.e(entar, input&.
#hrou+h <I%#982AI/ (the co(puteri?ed Internationa. 2ood Aid in*or(ation
/,&te()0 :26 (onitor& *ood aid *.o&0 inc.udin+ e(er+enc, *ood aid0 and (ake&
detai.ed data a-ai.ab.e to the internationa. co((unit, concernin+ re)uire(ent&0
donor&H a..ocation&0 de.i-er, &chedu.e&0 etc.J a& an aid to p.annin+ and coA
ordination. In*or(ation i& a.&o inc.uded on port condition& and o-er.and tran&port
po&&ibi.itie&.
369
A.thou+h :26 pro-ide& &ub&tantia. )uantitie& o* *ood and i& re&pon&ib.e
*or a.(o&t a.. (u.ti.atera. *ood aid0 it i& neither re&pon&ib.e *or a.(o&t a..
(u.ti.atera. *ood aid0 it i& neither re&pon&ib.e nor ab.e to (eet a.. e(er+enc, *ood
need&. #he (a=orit, o* internationa. *ood aid i& pro-ided bi.atera..,
1
. It& ro.e i& in
en&urin+ the coAordination and order., &chedu.in+ o* *ood aid &hip(ent& *ro( a..
&ource&J &eekin+ a,& to e;pedite de.i-erie&J (obi.i?in+ and pro-idin+ .o+i&tic
&upport&J and ad-ocatin+ appropriate po.icie& and procedure& *or the u&e o* *ood
aid0 can be at .ea&t a& i(portant a& that o* *ood aid &upp.ier. :26 a.&o a&&i&t&
donor&0 upon re)ue&t0 to procure0 tran&port andF or (onitor the di&tribution o*
certain bi.atera. *ood aid con&i+n(ent&.
%e orkin+ arran+e(ent& beteen :26 and $%H"8 ere a+reed in
1991. In re*u+ee &ituation& :26 co..aborate& ith and a&&i&t& $%H"8 and the
4o-ern(ent in a&&e&&in+ an, *ood aid need& and (obi.i?in+F pro-idin+ a &peci*ic
ran+e o* co((oditie& and the re&ource& to de.i-er and di&tribute the(. :26 i&
re&pon&ib.e *or (obi.i?in+ ba&ic *ood co((oditie& (cerea.&0 pu.&e&0 bean& or
other proteinArich *ood0 edib.e oi. or *at0 &a.t) p.u& &u+ar and b.ended *ood&0
to+ether ith the ca&h re&ource& *or 100U e;terna. tran&port and inAcountr,
tran&port0 &tora+e and hand.in+ (I#/H) and a&&ociated co&t& re.ated to tho&e
co((oditie&. $%H"8 i& re&pon&ib.e *or (obi.i?in+ an, other re)uired
co((oditie& and re.ated ca&h re&ource&.
Proision of food aid commodities
"o((oditie& (a, be pro-ided *ro( the 3e(er+enc,5 re&ource& a-ai.ab.e to :26
(&ee be.o) &ub=ect to &peci*ic criteria and a re)ue&t bein+ pre&ented b, the
+o-ern(ent. :hen appro-ed0 co((oditie& are pro-ided a& a +rant de.i-ered to
the port& o* entr,1 in the ca&e o* de-e.opin+ countrie& de.i-er, i& &o(eti(e&
arran+ed to de*ined 3e;tended de.i-er, o* donated *ood aid co((oditie& are0
hoe-er0 .on+ It,pica.., 3A5 (onth&0 &o(eti(e& e-en .on+er. #he abi.it, to
de.i-er co((oditie& rapid., to (eet initia. re.ie* need& i& u&ua.., dependent on
the a-ai.abi.it, o* &uitab.e &tock& in countr, hich can be borroed0 or
370
purcha&ed. #he -a&t (a=orit, o* *ood re)uire(ent& *o..oin+ &udden di&a&ter&
are (et b, borroin+.
#he t,pe& and )uantitie& o* co((oditie& hich :26 (i+ht &upp., in an,
&ituation depend on the a&&e&&ed need& and the co((oditie& and ca&h
re&ource& a-ai.ab.e to :26 at the ti(e. Hoe-er0 :26 &eek& to en&ure pro-i&ion
o* the nece&&ar, 3ba&ic5 co((oditie& re)uired to pro-ide a ba.anced nutritiona..,
ade)uate ration0 at ca.orie .e-e.& hich ha-e been a+reed to be &u**icient. :26
a..ocation& *or 3+enera.5 *eedin+F *ood di&tribution operation& in e(er+encie&
t,pica.., inc.ude a &uitab.e cerea.0 an edib.e oi. or *at0 and protein rich *ood &uch
a& pu.&e&. :here nece&&ar,0 :26 (a, a.&o pro-ide &o(e co((oditie& *or
3&upp.e(entar,5 *eedin+ pro+ra((e&.
In addition to &upp.,in+ certain )uantitie& *ro( the re&ource& a-ai.ab.e to
it0 :26 (a, he.p to (obi.i?e and en&ure coordination o* the de.i-er, o*
internationa. e(er+enc, *ood aid *ro( a.. &ource&0 and 3nonA*ood5 input& hich
are e&&entia. *or the proper i(p.e(entation o* the p.anned *ood a&&i&tance
pro+ra((e& (e&pecia.., .o+i&tic e)uip(ent) and *or the uti.i?ation o* the *ood b,
bene*iciarie& (e.+. +rinder&0 uten&i.&0 cookin+ *ue.).
A&&i&tance to inAcountr, .o+i&tic&
:26 coAoperate& in the detai.ed a&&e&&(ent o* .o+i&tic &,&te(& and
capacitie& and0 here nece&&ar, in a (a=or e(er+enc, in a poor countr,0 (a,
pro-ide technica. and (ateria. a&&i&tance0 and a&&i&tance *or the trainin+ o*
arehou&e and other per&onne.. It (a,0 here needed0 he.pFinter-ene ith the
+o-ern(ent& o* tran&it countrie& to *aci.itate and e;pedite the pa&&a+e o* re.ie*
+ood& to e(er+enc,Aa**ected .and.ocked countrie&.
In a (a=or *ood e(er+enc,0 :26 (a,0 on e;ceptiona. ba&i&1
371
6ro-ide certain (ateria. .o+i&tic &upport *or I#/H operation&(internationa.
tran&port0 &tora+e and hand.in+)A e.+. tran&port unit&0 &tora+e and hand.in+
e)uip(ent and e;perti&eAhere ab&o.ute., e&&entia. *or the i(p.e(entation o*
the p.anned *ood aid pro+ra((e&.
He.pAeither direct., or throu+h contact& ith other co(petent or+ani?ation&Ato
&et up and (ana+e (a=or tran&port and .o+i&tic& unit&0 e&pecia.., to arran+e
tran&port o* *ood aid co((oditie& *ro( port& to re+iona. depot& (e.+. durin+
the (a=or *ood e(er+encie& in 9thiopia0 /udan0 7o?a(bi)ue and "had in the
.ate 1980&).
#hi& i& .ar+e., dependent on appropriate ca&h or inAkind contribution&
bein+ (ade a-ai.ab.e *or the particu.ar purpo&e b, donor&.
8e&ource&
:26 ad(ini&ter& the Internationa. 9(er+enc, 2ood 8e&er-e (FI928)0
hich0 in princip.e0 co(pri&e& the e)ui-a.ent o* at .ea&t 5000000 tonne& o* cerea.&
annua.., but i& o*ten e;ceeded0 and (ana+e& a &eparate &et o* re&ource&
p.ed+ed b, donor& *or a&&i&tance to 3protracted5 re*u+ee and di&p.aced per&on&
operation&. In addition0 annua. a..ocation& are &et a&ide *ro( :26H& +enera.
re&ource&1 $/Z 15 (i..ion *or 3e(er+enc,5 a&&i&tance p.u& $/Z 30 (i..ion *or
3protracted5 a&&i&tance.
A ca&h account0 knon a& I((ediate 8e&pon&e Account (I8A)0 a&
e&tab.i&hed in 1992 a& an inte+ra. part o* the I928 *or the purcha&e and de.i-er,
o* *ood to enab.e the *a&te&t po&&ib.e re&pon&e to ne e(er+enc, &ituation& prior
to the arri-a. o* *ood&tu**& throu+h cu&to(ar, channe.&. #he purcha&e& are (ade
.oca..,0 here *ea&ib.e0 but otheri&e re+iona.., or internationa.., a& deter(ined
(o&t co&tAe**ecti-e and co(patib.e ith ti(e., arri-a.. A ca&h *und o* $/Z 30
(i..ion0 unencu(bered b, re&triction&0 i& contributed -o.untari., b, the donor&
372
o-er and abo-e co((odit, p.ed+e& to I928 and re.ated tran&port and other
co&t&.
#he re&ource& con&i&t (ain., o* *ood co((oditie& p.ed+ed b, donor
+o-ern(ent&. "a&h re&ource& are .i(ited and are re&er-ed *or .oca. purcha&e&
to (eet i((ediate need& in the a*ter(ath o* &udden di&a&ter&0 and *or tran&port
co&t&. In ca&e& o* e;tre(e need0 the 9;ecuti-e 'irector (a, authori?e the
re.ea&e o* &o(e ca&h *or( :26& +enera. re&ource& a& &eed (one, to *inance
e&&entia. .o+i&tic& a&&i&tance in anticipation o* receipt o* &pecia.Apurpo&e
contribution& *ro( donor&.
Authorit, at countr, .e-e.
#he :26 'irector o* !peration& can a+ree ith the 4o-ern(ent on the
acce.erationFadaptation o* on+oin+ :26Aa&&i&ted de-e.op(ent pro=ect& to (eet
e(er+enc, need&0 &ub=ect to certain criteria (notab., that there i& no increa&e in
the :26 co((it(ent). HeF&he (a, a.&o purcha&e up to $/Z 500000 orth o*
co((oditie& .oca.., to (eet i((ediate need& here the&e are ur+ent and cannot
be (et in an, other a,. !ther *or(& o* a&&i&tance0 inc.udin+ the borroin+ and
e;chan+in+ o* co((oditie&0 re)uire ad-ance appro-a. o* :26 head)uarter.
7#2#+# 6HO (6orld Health Or=ani;ation!
In an e(er+enc,0 :or.d Hea.th !r+ani?ation (:H!) a& the pri(ar, $%
/pecia.i?ed #echnica. A+enc, *or hea.th (atter&0 ha& the *o..oin+
re&pon&ibi.itie&
9n&urin+ that 1
i Hea.th need & are proper., a&&e&&ed and are re*.ected in re)ue&t& *or
internationa. a&&i&tance0 e.+. in $% Appea.&.
373
ii Hu(anitarian A&&i&tance app.ie& the be&t hea.th practice&0 re*.ect& the
"ountr,H& hea.th prioritie& and re&pect& it& capacitie&.
6ro-idin+ &er-ice& to the partner&1
I In*or(in+ on the "ountr,H& epide(io.o+ica. pro*i.e0 e.+. on the preA
e(er+enc, hea.th co-era+e.
Ii 2aci.itatin+ co..aboration beteen internationa. and nationa. partner&.
Iii 7obi.i&in+ nationa. and internationa. e;perti&e to (eet &peci*ic hea.th
ha?ard&0 e.+. tropica. di&ea&e& that can e;ceed the capacitie& o* e-en
the (o&t e;perienced internationa. %4!&.
I- 9n&urin+ the (o&t e**ecti-e dep.o,(ent o* a.. hea.th re.ated per&onne..
E !-er&eein+ the coordination o* e;terna. a&&i&tance to en&ure that there
i& no dup.ication o* e**ort and a&te o* re&ource.
#hi& (andate co-er& an, t,pe o* e(er+enc,A natura.0 (an(ade and
techno.o+ica. di&a&ter& a& e.. a& epide(ic&. In &o(e ca&e0 e.+. epide(ic&0
:H! (a, be the <ead A+enc, o* e(er+enc, operation&. 9-en i* thi& ro.e i& ith
another a+enc,0 :H! retain& a (andate in internationa. hea.th coordination.
D*(A("E% $%E$A%A"*ON AND $%E<EN"*ON
<on+Ater( pre&ence in (o&t (e(ber countrie& +i-e& :H! a co(parati-e
ad-anta+e in under&tandin+ the conte;t here di&a&ter& take p.ace and their rea.
i(pact on the peop.e[H hea.th. :H! pro(ote& di&a&terAri&k aarene&&0 p.annin+
*or di&a&ter preparedne&& and pre-ention0 and nationa. and internationa. capacit,
bui.din+ *or e(er+enc, (ana+e(ent. In thi& re+ard0 :H! or+ani&e&
internationa.0 re+iona. and countr, trainin+ on e(er+enc, hea.th (ana+e(ent
and co..aborate& ith in&titution& en+a+ed in the pub.ic hea.th a&pect o*
di&a&ter&.
374
:H! +ather&0 ana.,&e& and di&&e(inate& hea.th in*or(ation on atAri&k
and e(er+enc, a**ected popu.ation&0 *or ad-ance p.annin+ o* hu(anitarian
inter-ention&. :eb &ite& carr,in+ di&a&terAre.ated in*or(ation and ad-ice are
con&tant., updated.
A*ter a cri&i&0 :H! .on+Ater( -ie o* the countr,H& hea.th prioritie&
*aci.itate& &,ner+ie& beteen i((ediate re.ie*0 rehabi.itation and &u&tainab.e
reco-er,.
6o&&ib.e :H! e(er+enc, input&
#ea(& *or rapid hea.th a&&e&&(ent and epide(io.o+ica. /ur-ei..ance.
9(er+enc, 2ie.d !peration& HandbookA &peci*ica.., ritten ith hea.th
orker& in (ind.
9(er+enc, (edica. &upp.ie& to co(bat &eriou& and i((ediate threat& to
pub.ic hea.th.
An \9(er+enc, <ibrar, Cit\ 0 containin+ ke, +uide.ine& *or be&t practice& in
e(er+encie&.
/pecia.i?ed &ta** and con&u.tant& to a&&i&t in -ariou& a&pect& o* e(er+enc,
hea.th (ana+e(ent1 *or pre-ention0 preparedne&&0 re.ie*0 rehabi.itation and
reco-er,.
:H! (a, procure &er-ice& or &upp.ie& on beha.* o* +o-ern(ent&0 $%
a+encie& or %4!& in o**icia. re.ation& ith :H!0 i* the&e depo&it *und& in
ad-ance *or thi& purpo&e.
4uide.ine& *or dru+ donation& and purcha&e& b, &i&ter a+encie& or other
or+ani&ation&.
A &peci*ic &o*tare pro+ra( (/$7A) *or the coordination o* hea.th re.ie*
&upp.ie&.
8e&ource&
375
:H! Head)uarter& and 8e+iona. !**ice& (a, +i-e a&&i&tance throu+h
re+u.ar pro+ra((e (echani&(& and *ro( .i(ited &pecia. di&a&ter account&.
:H! HO ha& a *und *ro( hich a..ocation& can be appro-ed in anticipation o*
&ub&e)uent receipt o* donor contribution&.
:H! (a, direct., approach potentia. donor& but doe& not nor(a.., .aunch
e(er+enc, appea.&. It u&ua.., coAordinate& a&&e&&(ent in the hea.th &ector and
propo&e& e.e(ent& *or inc.u&ion in an, $%F!"HA appea. hich0 &ub=ect to the
nece&&ar, *und& bein+ contributed0 :H! then i(p.e(ent&.
7#3 "he %ed Cross and %ed Crescent ,oCement
#he 8ed "ro&& i& a co(ponent in re.ie* ork that i.. be pre-a.ent in a..
a&pect& o* re.ie* ork0 and i& there*ore an inte+ra. part o* the en-iron(ent that an
$%'A" tea( i.. ork ithin. #he 8ed "ro&& i& co(po&ed o* three e.e(ent&1
#he %ationa. 8ed "ro&&F "re&cent /ocietie&
#he Internationa. 2ederation o* the 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent /ocietie&
(I28")
#he Internationa. "o((ittee o* the 8ed "ro&& (I"8")
The #ational Society
#he %ation 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent &ocietie& e(bod, the ork and
princip.e& o* the Interna. the Internationa. 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent
7o-e(ent. %ationa. &ocietie& act a& au;i.iarie& to the pub.ic authoritie& o* their
on countrie& in the hu(anitarian *ie.d and pro-ide a ran+e o* &er-ice& inc.udin+
di&a&ter re.ie*0 hea.th and &ocia. pro+ra((e&. 'urin+ arti(e0 %ationa. /ocietie&
a&&i&t the a**ected ci-i.ian popu.ation and &upport the ar(, (edica. &er-ice&
here appropriate.
376
#he uni)ue netork o* %ationa. /ocietie&A hich co-er a.(o&t e-er,
countr, in the or.dA i& the 2ederation[& principa. &tren+th. "ooperation beteen
%ationa. /ocietie& +i-e& the 2ederation +reater potentia. to de-e.op capacitie&
and a&&i&t tho&e (o&t in need. At a .oca. .e-e.0 the netork enab.e& the
2ederation to reach indi-idua. co((unitie&.
%ationa. &ociet, pro+ra((e and &er-ice& are tai.ored to each countr,[&
need& and addre&& both i((ediate and .o+Ater( need and inc.ude1
"o((unit,Aba&ed hea.th
2ir&t aid trainin+ and acti-itie&
"ontro. and pre-ention o* di&ea&e&
HIEFAI'/ pre-ention
:ater and &anitation
9(er+enc, &he.ter0 *ood and (edicine
'i&a&ter preparedne&&
>.ood donor recruit(ent0 co..ection and &upp.,
8e&torin+ *a(i., contact *or -icti(& o* di&a&ter and con*.ict
Gouth acti-itie&
The $nternational %ederation of the &ed Cross and &ed Crescent Societies
($%&C)
#he internationa. *ederation o* 8ed "ro&& and 8ed "re&cent /ocietie& i&
the or.d[& .ar+e&t hu(anitarian or+ani?ation0 pro-idin+ a&&i&tance ithout
di&cri(ination a& to nationa.it,0 race0 re.i+iou& be.ie*0 c.a&& o* po.itica. opinion&.
377
2ounded in 19190 the internationa. co(pri&e& 175 (e(ber 8ed "ro&&
8ed "re&cent &ocietie&A ith an additiona. nu(ber in *or(ation A a /ecretariat in
4ene-a and (ore than 60 de.e+ation& &trate+ica.., .ocated to &upport acti-itie&
around the or.d. #he 8ed "re&cent i& u&ed in p.ace o* the 8ed "ro&& in (an,
I&.a(ic countrie&.
#he 2ederation[& (i&&ion i& to i(pro-e the &ituation o* the (o&t -u.nerab.e
peop.eA tho&e ho are at +reate&t ri&k *ro( &ituation& that threaten their &ur-i-a.0
or their capacit, to .i-e ith an acceptab.e .e-e. o* &ocia. and econo(ic &ecurit,
and hu(an di+nit,.
#he 2ederation coordinate& and direct& internationa. a&&i&tance to -icti(&
o* natura. and techno.o+ica. di&a&ter&0 to re*u+ee& and in hea.th e(er+encie&. It
co(bine& it& re.ie* acti-itie& ith de-e.op(ent ork to &tren+then the capacitie&
o* %ationa. /ocietie&0 and throu+h the(0 indi-idua. peop.e.
#he uni)ue netork o* %ationa. /ocietie&A hen co-er& a.(o&t e-er,
countr, in the or.dA i& the 2ederation[& principa. &tren+th. "ooperation beteen
%ationa. /ocietie& +i-e& the 2ederation +reater potentia. to de-e.op capacitie&
and a&&i&t tho&e (o&t in need. At a .oca. .e-e.0 the netork enab.e& the
2ederation to reach indi-idua. co((unitie&.
#o+ether0 the %ationa. /ocietie& ha-e 105 (i..ion -o.unteer& and 3000000
e(p.o,ee&0 ho pro-ide a&&i&tance to &o(e 233 (i..ion bene*iciarie& each ,ear.
The $nternational Committee of the &ed Cross ($C&C)
#he I"8" i& the *ounder bod, o* the 8ed "ro&& (o-e(ent and the
pro(oter o* the 4ene-a "on-ention& and their additiona. protoco.&0 both part&
concernin+ the treat(ent o* ounded and &ick (i.itar, per&onne.0 pri&oner& o*
ar0 and ci-i.ian popu.ation& in interna. and internationa. con*.ict&. It i& an
independent and pri-ate in&titution0 and i& neutra. and po.itica..,0 ideo.o+ica..,0
378
and re.i+iou&., i(partia.. #he "o((ittee it&e.* i& co(po&ed o* a (a;i(u( o* 25
(e(ber& a.. o* ho( are0 b, &tatute0 /i&& citi?en&.
#he or+ani?ation0 hich ha& it& head)uarter& in 4ene-a0 act& in ca&e& o*
con*.ictA interna. or internationa.A to1
9n&ure that the 4ene-a "on-ention& are ob&er-ed b, partie& to the con*.ictJ
A&&ureF pro-ide protection0 (edica. care and (ateria. re.ie* a&&i&tance to
-icti(& o* the con*.ictJ
!r+ani&e tracin+ &er-ice& to identi*, and reAe&tab.i&h co((unication&
beteen *a(i., (e(ber& ho ha-e beco(e &eparated0 a& e.. a& tracin+
and -i&itin+ pri&oner& (e.+. pri&oner& o* ar or \&ecurit, detainee&\)
#he I"8" cooperate& ith the nationa. /ocietie& but e;erci&e& it&
particu.ar *unction& and u&ua.., (ount& it& on operation& &eparate.,. It
e&tab.i&he& it& on o**ice& (de.e+ation and &ub de.e+ation&) and a&&i+n& it& on
per&onne. and a&&i+n& it& on per&onne. (ho i.. be /i&& I"8" de.e+ate& or
de.e+ate& *ro( other nationa. /ocietie& there i.. a.a,& be /i&& I"8"
de.e+ate& in an, de.e+ation and u&ua.., in the core *unction&). 7edica. tea(&
*ro( other nationa. /ocietie& (a, be a&&i+ned in the *ie.d under the au&pice&
and direction& o* the I"8'. #he I"8" rai&e& *und& b, internationa. appea.&.
7#.# Non@ 4oCernmental Or=ani;ations (N4Os!

In the conte;t o* thi& handbook0 a %onA4o-ern(enta. !r+ani?ation (%4!)
i& an or+ani?ation that ork&A in an, capacit,A ith re.ie* a&&i&tance. #he %4![&
can be di-ided into to (ain cate+orie&0 na(e., the internationa. %4![& (orkin+
in the internationa. *ie.d 0 e-en thou+h the, (a, not be an internationa.
or+ani?ation in the true &en&e o* the na(e) and the .oca. %4! (orkin+ ithin it&
on countr,).
379
%4![& are in principa. autono(ou& and are independent o* +o-ern(ent& (hence
the na(e)0 and are *inanced b, pri-ate indi-idua.& or +roup&. 2inancin+0
hoe-er0 ha& chan+ed in recent ,ear&. #he (odern tendenc, *or %4! *undin+
+oe& toard& recei-in+ (ore and (ore *undin+ *ro( +o-ern(ent& (u&ua.., their
on +o-ern(ent&) or InterA4o-ern(enta. !r+ani?ationa. (I4![&)0 e.+. the
9uropean $nion. :hether or not thi& a**ect& the autono(, +reat., depend& on
the indi-idua. %4! and the po&&ib.e &trin+& attached to the *undin+.
#he %4! co((unit, i& beco(in+ increa&in+., i(portant in the
hu(anitarian or.d. #he period *ro( around 1980 ti.. the be+innin+ o* the ninetie&
ha& ri+ht., been ca..ed the decade o* the %4![&. In the ,ear& a*ter :or.d :ar II0
the a(ount o* internationa. %4![& ha-e near., doub.ed to 16208 in 1990. !*
the&e about 500 are in-o.-ed direct., ith hu(anitarian ork
%4![& ork in a.. area& o* the hu(anitarian *ie.d and pro-ide the +reate&t
internationa. capacit, to i(p.e(ent re.ie* on the +round. #here*ore it i& i(portant
to interAre.ate ith the( a& there i& -a.uab.e in*or(ation and he.p to be *ound
(and +i-en). It i& u&ua.., the ca&e that one or (ore %4![& are actua.., ph,&ica..,
in the area o* an e(er+enc, be*ore0 durin+ and a*ter the i(pact0 and i..
there*ore ha-e hand&Aon in*or(ation and e;perience o* the i&&ue&. %4![& a.&o
tend to &pecia.i?e in one or to *ie.d&0 or to direct their e**ort& toard& one need,
popu.ation +roup. #he, u&ua.., o**er &ki..ed &ta**0 rapid dep.o,(ent capacit, (i*
the, are not a.read, in the area)0 operationa. *.e;ibi.it,0 and re&ource& that (i+ht
not otheri&e be a-ai.ab.e in an e(er+enc,.
#he nu(ber o* .oca. %4![& ha& a.&o acce.erated in the pa&t ,ear&. #he&e
can be he.p*u. in a -ariet, o* a,&0 e&pecia.., becau&e the, are knon .oca..,
and the, the(&e.-e& kno the area0 the cu.ture0 the popu.ation etc. In (an,
ca&e& the, ork to+ether ith internationa. %4![&0 the $% and other&. #he, are
a&&et& that can be he.p*u. not =u&t ith +i-in+ in*or(ation0 but a.&o a&
i(p.e(entin+ partner&.
380
7#8# "he U( DA%" "eam
OCerCie:
#he $./ A+enc, *or Internationa. 'e-e.op(ent[& ($/AI') !**ice o* 2orei+n
'i&a&ter A&&i&tance (!2'A) ha& de-e.oped a re&pon&e capabi.it, ca..ed the
'i&a&ter A&&i&tance 8e&pon&e #ea( ('A8#) a& a (ethod o* pro-idin+ rapid
re&pon&e a&&i&tance to internationa. di&a&ter&0 a& (andated b, the 2orei+n
A&&i&tance Act. A 'A8# inc.ude& &pecia.i&t& trained in a -ariet, o* di&a&ter re.ie*
&ki..& ho a&&i&t $./. 9(ba&&ie& and $/AI' 7i&&ion& ith the (ana+e(ent o*
the $nited /tate& 4o-ern(ent ($/4) re&pon&e to di&a&ter&.
#he acti-itie& o* a 'A8# -ar, dependin+ on the t,pe0 &i?e0 and co(p.e;it,
o* di&a&ter& to hich the 'A8# i& dep.o,ed.
$urpose
'urin+ *a&t on&et di&a&ter&0 the *ocu& o* a 'A8# i& to1
"oordinate the A&&e&&(ent o* the &ituation and report on the need&.
8eco((end $/4 re&pon&e action&.
7ana+e $/4 on&ite re.ie* acti-itie& (*or e;a(p.e0 &earch and re&cue and air
operation).
7ana+e the receipt0 di&tribution0 and (onitorin+ o* $/4Apro-ided re.ie*
&upp.ie&.
'urin+ .on+Ater(0 co(p.e; di&a&ter&0 the *ocu& o* a 'A8# i& to1
4ather in*or(ation o* the +enera. di&a&ter &ituation.
A&&e&& the e**ecti-ene&& o* the o-era.. hu(anitarian re&pon&e.
Identi*, the need& not bein+ (et b, current o-era.. re&pon&e e**ort&.
7onitor and e-a.uate the e**ecti-ene&& o* current $/4 *unded re.ie*
acti-itie&.
381
8e-ie propo&a.& o* re.ie* acti-itie& *or po&&ib.e *uture *undin+.
Ad-i&e $/AI'F 9(ba&&, on di&a&ter i&&ue&.
7ake reco((endation& to !2'AF :a&hin+ton (!2'AF:) on *o..oAon
&trate+ie& and action&
2und re.ie* or+ani?ation& and procure contractua. &er-ice& hen de.e+ated
the authorit,.
'urin+ either t,pe o* di&a&ter re&pon&e0 'A8#& coordinate their acti-itie&
ith the a**ected countr,0 pri-ate -o.untar, or+ani?ation& (6E!&)0 nonA
+o-ern(enta. or+ani?ation& (%4!&)0 internationa. or+ani?ation& (Io&)0 and $%
re.ie* a+encie& and other a&&i&tin+ countrie&. :hen $. /. 7i.itar, a&&et& are
in-o.-ed ith the di&a&ter re&pon&e0 the 'A8# i.. ork c.o&e., ith tho&e a&&et
to en&ure a coordinated e**ort b, $/4 re&ource&.
382
9# $E%(ONA) HEA)"H
C.1 6er&ona. Hea.th (p.1)[
C.1.1 6reAdep.o,(ent (p.1)
C.1.2 $pon Acti-ation *or $%'A" 7i&&ion (p.3)
C.1.3 'urin+ the $%'A" (i&&ion dep.o,(ent (p.4)
C.2 /a*e 2ood *or #ra-e..er& (p.5)
C.2.1 /a*e *ood durin+ dep.o,(ent (p.5)
C.2.2 6reparin+ be*ore 'eparture (p.5)
C.2.3 6recaution& taken a*ter arri-a. (p.6)
C.3 /a*e :ater *or #ra-e..er& (p.7)
C.3.1 /a*e ater durin+ dep.o,(ent (p.7)
C.3.2 6reparin+ be*ore departure (p.7)
C.3.3 6recaution& to be taken a*ter arri-a. (p.8)
C.4 /tre&& (p.8)
C.4.1 #he /tre&& /ituation (p.9)
C.4.2 Ho to 7ini(i?e /tre&& durin+ a 'i&a&ter !peration (p.11)
C.4.3 /tre&& 'ebrie*in+ (p.12)
C.4.4 A*ter the $%'A" (i&&ion (p.14)
C.5 7edica. 9(er+encie& and 2ir&t Aid (p.17)
9# $E%(ONA) HEA)"H
9#2# $re@deploDment
Hea.th /creenin+F "heck Aup A.. $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d en&ure that
the, ha-e re+u.ar hea.th &creenin+&FcheckAup& to en&ure that the, re(ain in the
383
be&t o* hea.th. /uch &creenin+& enab.e the ear., detection o* (edica. prob.e(&
hich can then be (ana+ed ear.,. #he hea.th &creenin+& &hou.d inc.ude1
4enera. (edica. e;a(ination0 ith b.ood and urine in-e&ti+ation&
1. "he&t NAra, and e.ectrocardio+ra( (9"4F9C4)
2. >rea&t e;a(ination and 6A6 (cer-ica. &(ear ) *or *e(a.e&
1. 'enta.
2. Ei&ua. acuit,
Eaccination&1 Gour $%'A" (i&&ion (a, take ,ou to p.ace& in hich ,ou
(a, be e;po&ed to co((unicab.e di&ea&e&. #he deteriorated pub.ic hea.th
condition& that acco(pan, (an, o* the e(er+encie& ,ou re&pond to (a,
increa&e ,our ri&k o* contractin+ an i..ne&&. Apart *ro( per&ona. h,+iene0 certain
-accination& are reco((ended1
a) Ge..o *e-er0 *or hich -accination i& a re)uire(ent *or entr, into
certain countrie&.
b) #etanu&0 in co(bination ith diphtheria 6o.io(,e.iti&
c) Hepatiti& A and Hepatiti& >
d) #,phoid
e) "ho.era
*) 7enin+ococca. (enin+iti&
+) !ther -accination& accordin+ to the di&ea&e& ende(ic in the area o*
the or.d bein+ -i&ited (e+. Dapane&e encepha.iti&0 8abie&).
It i& ad-i&ab.e that ,ou di&cu&& ,our -accination re)uire(ent& ith ,our
doctor &o that ,our need& can be (et and a &chedu.e o* -accination can be
de-e.oped. It i& not ad-i&ab.e to atte(pt to be -accinated a+ain&t a.. o* the&e
condition& at one ti(e.
384
>ecau&e o* the ti(e re)uired *or *u.. -accination and the -er, &hort notice
+i-en *or $%'A" (i&&ion&0 ,our are &tron+., ad-i&ed to keep ,our -accination&
updated and -a.id. $&ed o* the :H! internationa. -accination certi*icate i&
&tron+., reco((ended a& a (ean& o* recordin+ and -eri*,in+ ,our -accination
&tatu&.
In addition0 the ri&e in tubercu.o&i& (#>) or.dAide &hou.d be noted.
$%'A" (e(ber& are ad-i&ed to deter(ine their #> &tatu& and *o..o their
doctor[& ad-ice re+ardin+ po&&ib.e -accination (>"4).
'ocu(entation1 It i& reco((ended that $%'A" (e(ber& (aintain their
on hea.th record& &hoin+ i(portant hea.th data hich (a, be u&ed b, hea.th
pro-ider& here-er the $%'A" (e(ber (a, be. I(portant in*or(ation ou.d
inc.ude1
a) 'ate& and re&u.t& o* hea.th checkAup& (inc.udin+ denta. and -i&ua.)
b) #etanu&0 in co(bination ith diphtheria 6o.io(,e.iti&
c) Hepatiti& A and Hepatiti& >
d) #,phoid
e) "ho.era
*) 7enin+ococca. (enin+iti&[
+) !ther -accination& accordin+ to the di&ea&e& ende(ic in the area o*
the or.d bein+ -i&ited (e.+. Dapane&e encepha.iti&0 rabie&).
It i& ad-i&ab.e that ,ou di&cu&& ,our -accination re)uire(ent& ith ,our
doctor &o that ,our need& can be (et and a &chedu.e o* -accination can be
de-e.oped. It i& nor ad-i&ab.e to atte(pt to be -accinated a+ain&t a.. the the&e
condition& at one ti(e.
>ecau&e o* the ti(e re)uired *or *u.. -accination and the -er, &hort notice
+i-en *or $%'A" (i&&ion0 ,ou are &tron+., ad-i&ed to keep ,our -accination&
385
updated and -a.id. $&e o* the :H! internationa. -accination certi*icate i&
&tron+., reco((ended a& a (ean& o* recordin+ and -eri*,in+ ,our -accination
&tatu&.
In addition0 the ri&e in tubercu.o&i& (#>)( or.dAide &hou.d be noted.
$%'A" (e(ber& are ad-i&ed to deter(ine their #> &tatu& and *o..o their
doctorH& ad-ice re+ardin+ po&&ib.e -accination (>"4).
'ocu(entation. It i& reco((ended that $%'A" (e(ber& (aintain their
on hea.th record& &hoin+ i(portant hea.th data hich (a, be u&ed b, hea.th
pro-ider& here-er the $%'A" (e(ber (a, be. I(portant in*or(ation &hou.d
inc.ude1
(a) 'ate& and re&u.t& o* hea.th checkAup& (inc.udin+ denta. and -bi&ua.)
(b) 7edica. i..ne&&e& and (edication bein+ u&ed
(c) A..er+ie&0 particu.ar., to (edicationFdru+&
(d) Eaccination&
(e) Indi-idua. in*or(ation &uch a& b.ood +roup
(*) Hea.th in&urance detai.&
(+) %a(e and contact detai.& o* J,our u&ua. hea.th care pro-ider (e.+.
6er&ona. doctor or (edica. &pecia.i&t).
An, re.e-ant certi*icate& or o**icia. hea.th docu(ent& &hou.d be inc.uded.
#hi& in*or(ation &hou.d be updated and carried ith the $%'A" (e(ber
hene-er he or &he i& dep.o,ed. #he :H! handbook entit.ed 3Internationa.
#ra-e. And Hea.th5 &hou.d a.&o be carried b, a.. $%'A" (e(ber&.
386
Hea.th In&urance. 2or peace o* (ind0 $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d en&ure
that the, are ade)uate., pro-ided *or in ter(& o* hea.th in&urance. :here thi&
in&urance (a, pro-ide co-era+e in o-er&ea& area& to hich (e(ber& (a, be
dep.o,ed0 the nece&&ar, docu(entation &hou.d be carried b, a.. ti(e&.
6re-enti-e 7edicine. $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d be prepared to dep.o, to
area& in hich (a.aria po&e& a threat. "o((ercia.., a-ai.ab.e treat(ent& &uch
a& 6er(ethrin &hou.d be app.ied to c.othin+ to be u&ed on dep.o,(ent0 ith
particu.ar attention to outer +ar(ent& and (o&)uito net&. A (edica. kit &hou.d be
prepared and checked periodica.., to (aintain the u&abi.it, o* the content&.
'etai.& o* thi& (edica. kit are +i-en in a &eparate &ection be.o. #he book.et
entit.ed 36er&ona. H,+iene5 &hou.d a.&o be re*erred to b, a.. $%'A" (e(ber&.
9#2#2 Upon actiCation for UNDAC mission
$pon acti-ation *or an $%'A" (i&&ion0 (e(ber& &hou.d take the
*o..oin+ &tep&1
a. 9-a.uate their &tate o* hea.th. I* there are an, doubt& about e;i&tin+
i..ne&&e& or in=urie&0 (e(ber& &hou.d ad-i&e !"HA direct., on their
condition&.
b. "heck that their indi-idua. (edica. kit i& prepared and packed. #hi& &hou.d
inc.ude an, pre&cription (edication or &upp.ie& bein+ u&ed b, the (e(ber
that (a, not be a-ai.ab.e in the dep.o,(ent .ocation.
c. 6ack &pare hea.th artic.e& &uch a& &pectac.e&0 contact .en&e&0 denta.
*i;ture&0 and the (aintenance kit needed *or the&e artic.e&.
d. 6ack a.. nece&&ar, indi-idua. hea.th docu(entation.
e. "heck the hea.th threat& in the dep.o,(ent .ocation0 and co((ence
proph,.actic treat(ent (e.+. AntiA(a.aria. dru+&) and other preparation&
(e.+. 9;tra ater puri*ication tab.et&).
387
9#2#3 Durin= the UNDAC mission deploDment
$recautions taken after arriCal
:a, o* .i*e
'urin+ the *ir&t eek&0 the neco(er unu&ed to the condition& o* .i*e and
c.i(ate i& .ike., to ha-e a .oer re&i&tance. He &hou.d a..o hi(&e.* at .ea&t ei+ht
hour& o* &.eep a ni+ht0 i* po&&ib.e ha-e a &hort &ie&ta0 a-oid e;ce&&i-e ph,&ica. or
inte..ectua. &train and .ead a re+u.ar .i*e.
'iet
#hi& &hou.d be e.. ba.anced. Hea-, (ea.& &hou.d be a-oided and
a.coho.ic drink& either e;c.ude or con&u(ed in (oderate )uantitie&0 on., in the
e-enin+&. !n the other hand enou+h .i)uid &hou.d be drunk to co(pen&ate *or
per&piration .o&&e&J it (a, be nece&&ar, to increa&e &a.t intake in the ca&e o*
pro*u&e per&piration. A(oebic d,&enter, and other enteric in*ection& -er,
ide&pread in tropica. re+ion&0 are tran&(itted b, *ood& eaten ra or
conta(inated b, dirt, hand& or unc.ean ater. #hi& cau&e& acute or chronic
di+e&ti-e troub.e& hich can be pre-ented b, takin+ &i(p.e h,+ienic precaution&.
:ater &hou.d be the ob=ect o* &pecia. care1 it can tran&(it nu(erou&
in*ectiou& di&ea&e& hen u&ed *or drinkin+ or toi.et purpo&e&. :ater o* uncertain
purit, &hou.d be treated or boi.ed (boi.in+ re(ain& the be&t (ethod). In ca&e o*
di**icu.t, drink ater in the *or( o* tea or (inera. ater. :hen a hou&eA*i.ter i&
u&ed it i& o* para(ount i(portance o* boi. the ater a*ter *i.tration. /ee a.&o C.2.
/a*e 2ood *or #ra-e..er be.o.
388
&odD HD=iene
:ater u&ed *or ora. and denta. h,+iene &hou.d be puri*ied or boi.ed
be*orehandJ e-en &ea ater can be conta(inated near ri-er (outh&0 and bathin+
in &u&pect ater can be the cau&e o* certain tropica. in*ection&. :ithout re.iab.e
in*or(ation bathin+ &hou.d0 there*ore0 be a-oided.
$rotection a=ainst *nsects
"ertain in&ect& and particu.ar., certain (o&)uito& in hot countrie& can
tran&(it in*ection& &uch a& (a.aria. :hen (o&)uito& are nu(erou& in an area
here (a.aria i& ende(ic0 a.. e;po&ed area& o* the &kin &hou.d be treated ith
(o&)uito repe..ent in order to pre-ent bite& hich0 be&ide& bein+ pain*u.0 are a.&o
dan+erou&J in addition it i& u&e*u. to ear c.othin+ that co-er& the ar(& and .e+&
in the e-enin+.
It &hou.d be re(e(bered that (o&)uito net& on., pro-ide protection under
certain condition&1 (ateria. &u**icient., *ine., (e&hed0 *o.ded correct., durin+ the
da, and the net proper., c.o&ed at ni+ht &o that in&ect& cannot +et in. In&ide
hou&e& in&ect& (u&t be de&tro,ed b, &pra,in+ ith an in&ecticide. /pra,& (ade
*ro( product& ith a p,rethru( ba&e de&tro, rapid., but their action i& &hort .i-ed.
6roph,.a;i& a+ain&t /chi&to&o(ia&i& (/,non,( >i.har?ia) It i& i(portant to
a-oid contact ith un&a*e ater in a ?one here thi& a**ection i& *ound. >athin+ in
ri-er& or other ater &ource& &hou.d be &trict., a-oided in the ab&ence o* re.iab.e
in*or(ation0 a& the in*e&tation i& bou+ht about b, penetration o* the &kin b, the
.ar-a. *or( o* the para&ite.
389
#he abo-e in&truction& do not pretend to be co(p.ete0 their purpo&e i& to dra
attention to the (ain e&&entia.&.
9#2 (afe Food for "raCellers
9#2#2 (afe food durin= deploDment
!ne o* the to (ain rea&on& *or tra-e..er& beco(in+ i.. i& eatin+ ithout
takin+ into con&ideration &o(e &i(p.e ru.e&. 2o..oin+ the ru.e& .aid don be.o
(a,0 in the &hort ter(0 &pare the tra-e..er a con&iderab.e a(ount o* anno,ance0
hi.e in the .on+ ter(0 the, can hinder &eriou& di&ea&e&.
9#2#2 $reparin= before Departure
"on&u.t ,our ph,&ician *or ad-ice on the -ariou& di&ea&e& to hich ,ou (a,
be e;po&ed0 and the need *or -accination& or other pre-enti-e (ea&ure&.
7ake &ure ,our (edica. kit contain& !ra. 8eh,dration /a.t& (!8/) and aterA
di&in*ectant tab.et&.
9#2#3 $recautions taken after ArriCal
Eatin= (afelD
#he *o..oin+ reco((endation& app., to a.. &ituation&0 *ro( *ood -endor&
on the &treet to e;pen&i-e hote. re&taurant&1
"ooked *ood that ha& been he.d at roo( te(perature *or &e-era. hour&
con&titute& one o* the +reate&t ri&k& o* *ood borne i..ne&&. 7ake &ure ,our
*ood ha& been thorou+h., cooked and i& &ti.. hot hen &er-ed.
A-oid an, uncooked *ood0 apart *ro( *ruit& and -e+etab.e& that can be pee.ed
or &he..ed. A-oid *ruit& ith da(a+ed &kin. 8e(e(ber the dictu( 3"ook it0
pee. it or .ea-e it5.
390
Ice crea( *ro( unre.iab.e &ource& i& *re)uent., conta(inated and can cau&e
i..ne&&. I* in doubt0 a-oid it.
In &o(e countrie&0 certain &pecie& o* *i&h and &he..*i&h (a, contain poi&onou&
bioto;in& e-en hen the, are e.. cooked. <oca. peop.e can ad-ice ,ou about
thi&.
:hat to do in ca&e o* diarrhoea
7o&t diarrhoea. attack& are &e.*A.i(itin+ and c.ear up in a *e da,&. #he
i(portant thin+ i& to a-oid beco(in+ deh,drated. A& &oon a& diarrhoea &tart&0
drink (ore *.uid&0 &uch a& bott.ed0 boi.ed or treated ater0 or eak tea. 2ruit =uice
(di.uted ith &a*e ater) or &oup (a, a.&o be taken. I* diarrhoea continue& *or
(ore than one da,0 prepare and drink !8/ &o.ution
1
and continue to eat
nor(a..,.
A(ount& o* *.uid or !8/ to drink1
"hi.dren .e&& than 2 ,ear&1 _A1F2 cup (50A100 (.) a*ter each .oo&e &too.
2 ,ear& to 10 ,ear&1 ` A 1 cup (100 I200(.) a*ter each .oo&e &too.
!.der chi.dren and adu.t&1 un.i(ited a(ount
1 I* !8/ i& not a-ai.ab.e0 (i; 6 .e-e. tea&poon& o* &u+ar p.u& 1 .e-e.
tea&poon o* &.at in one .itre o* &a*e ater. 'rink thi& a& indicated abo-e *or
!8/. Another &o.ution ou.d be to drink a co.a &o*t drink.
391
(eek medical help if>
'iarrhoea .a&t& *or (ore then 3 da,& andFor there are -er, *re)uent ater,
boe. (o-e(ent&0 b.ood in the &too.&0 repeated -o(itin+ or *e-er.
:hen there i& no (edica. he.p a-ai.ab.e and there i& b.ood in the &too.&0 a
cour&e (5 da,& ) o* cotri(o;a?o.e (a, be taken
2
.

6roph,.actic u&e o* antibiotic& i& not reco((ended. Antidiarrhoea.& (e.+.
.opera(ide) are nor reco((ended but (a, be u&ed0 in addition to *.uid&0 b,
adu.t& on.,0 *or &,(pto(atic re.ie*. #he, &hou.d ne-er be u&ed *or chi.dren. I* thee
are other &,(pto(&0 &eek (edica. ad-ice.
9#3 (afe 6ater for "raCellers
9#3#2 (afe :ater durin= deploDment
"onta(inated ater i& the &econd (ain rea&on *or tra-e..er& beco(in+ i..
durin+ their &ta, in *orei+n countrie&. A+ain0 a& in the ca&e o* *ood0 it i& -ita. to
*o..o &o(e &i(p.e ru.e& to pre-ent di&ea&e cau&ed b, unc.ean ater.
9#3#2 $reparin= before Departure
A& ith the preparation& hen concernin+ *ood0 it i& i(portant to con&u.t
,our ph,&ician *or ad-ice on di&ea&e0 -accination&0 and pre-enti-e (ea&ure& a&
e.. a& to en&ure that ,our (edica. kit contain& !ra. 8eh,dration /a.t& (!8/)
and aterAdi&in*ection tab.et&. A per&ona. ater puri*ication kit (e.+. Catad,n) i&
a.&o reco((ended.
9#3#3 $recautions to be "aken after ArriCal
:hen tra-e..in+A i* ,ou are at a.. in doubtA a.. ater &hou.d be percei-ed a&
bein+ conta(inated. #he *o..oin+ reco((endation& there*ore app., to a..
&o.ution&1
2 'o&a+e *or cotri(o;a?o.e (tri(ethopri(0 &u*a(etho;a?o.e)1
392
2or adu.t&1 160 (+ o* tri(ethopri( and 800 (+ o* &u.*a(etho;a?o.e0 tice a da,0 *or 5 da,&.
2or chi.dren1 5 (+ o* tri(ethopri( and 25 (+ o* &u.*a(etho;a?o.e per k+ o* bod, ei+ht0 tice a
da,0 *or 5 da,&.
:hen the &a*et, o* drinkin+ ater i& doubt*u.0 ha-e it boi.ed or di&in*ect i& ith
re.iab.e0 &.o Ire.ea&e0 di&in*ectant tab.et&. #he&e are +enera.., a-ai.ab.e in
phar(acie&.
A-oid ice un.e&& ,ou are &ure that it i& (ade *ro( &a*e ater. >e aare that
ice *ro( apparent., c.ean &ource&0 e.+. hote. iceAauto(at&0 i& not a.a,& &a*e.
>e-era+e&0 &uch a& hot tea or co**ee0 ine0 beer0 and carbonated &o*t drink&
or *ruit =uice& hich are either bott.ed or otheri&e packa+ed0 are u&ua.., &a*e
to drink.
$npa&teuri?ed (i.k &hou.d be bo.d be*ore con&u(ption.
It i& po&&ib.e to bu, bott.ed c.ean ater in (o&t p.ace&. It i& reco((ended
that ater be purcha&ed and u&ed hene-er po&&ib.eA a.&o *or bru&hin+.
9#. (tress
:orkin+ in e(er+enc, re.ie* en-iron(ent&A e&pecia.., in the ca&e o*
co(p.e; e(er+encie&A e;po&e& the re.ie* orker to a nu(ber o* &tre&& *actor&0
&uch a& interna. and e;terna. or+ani?ationa. prob.e(&0 con*.ict& ith in the +roup0
.ack o* in*or(ation0 ti(e pre&&ure0 -ariou& .e-e.& o* con*u&ion0 di**erent .e-e.& o*
hu(an &u**erin+0 dan+er& to hi(Fher&e.* and to *riend& and co..ea+ue&0 and0 in
the e;tre(e0 e-en the oundin+ or ki..in+ o* a co..ea+ue. #he .e-e. o* reaction& to
&tre&& -arie& *ro( per&on to per&on and can ran+e *ro( *ee.in+ apathetic0
con*u&ed0 or bein+ -er, acti-e0 throu+h *ee.in+ &ick0 ha-in+ headache&0 *ee.in+
he.p.e&& o bein+ )uickAte(pered0 to ha-in+ attack& o* *ear0 a &en&e o* +ui.t0
&.eep.e&&ne&&0 and e-en ha-in+ attack& o* para.,&i&.
A.. the&e reaction&A and other&A are nor(a. reaction& to abnor(a.
&ituation&. It i& i(portant0 hoe-er0 *or the re.ie* orker to ackno.ed+e thi& and
to do &o(ethin+ about it0 becau&e the reaction to a &ituation can be a..e-iated an
393
pre-ented *ro( beco(in+ chronic. #here are a nu(ber o* thin+& that can be
done to increa&e the re.ie* orker& abi.it, to (ana+e &tre&&*u. &ituation&. #he
*o..oin+ are di**erent a&pect& o* the &tre&& &ituation.
9#.#2 "he (tress (ituation
9;perience ha& &hon that kno.ed+e0 e&pecia.., throu+h trainin+0 i& a
kind o* 3&tre&&A-accine5A not to &a, that thi& i.. pre-ent &tre&&0 but it i.. .e&&en
the po&&ibi.it, o* acute or chronic &tre&& or e-en trau(a. 2ir&t o* a.. it i& i(portant
to kno the kind& o* &ituation& that (a, occur durin+ one& ork0 i.e. the &tre&&
*actor& durin+ a&&e&&(ent& (pre&&ure o* peop.e a&kin+ *or he.p0 the e;perience
o* the0 o*ten0 horrendou& hu(an &u**erin+0 the dan+er& in the di&a&ter &ituation
etc.) and coordination0 and the dan+er& i* the ork i& carried out in a co(p.e;
e(er+enc,. #hi& &hou.d be (ade c.ear throu+h trainin+. /econd0 it i& i(portant
that the re.ie* orker kno& the &,(pto(& o* &tre&& and trau(a0 enab.in+
hi(Fher to reco+ni?e the&e ithin hi(Fher&e.* a& e.. a& in other&. #hird.,0 a re.ie*
orker &hou.d be ab.e to kno the ba&ic princip.e& in copin+ ith &tre&&.
:ithin a tea( it i& -ita. to pair up in a 3budd, &,&te(50 hich enab.e&
peop.e to reco+ni?e the *ir&t &,(pto(& o* &tre&& in hi&Fher partner0 hereb,
copin+ &trate+ie& can be &et in ear., in the proce&&.
#he 5 6ha&e& o* /tre&&
/tre&& reaction occur in *i-e pha&e&J
#he preAe-ent pha&e hich a& a -aried duration dependin+ on circu(&tance&J
hen .i-in+ in a potentia.., dan+erou& en-iron(ent0 e.+. here there are
po&&ibi.itie& o* natura. di&a&ter&0 in co(p.e; e(er+encie& etc. there i& a
tendenc, to den, that an,thin+ cou.d happen to one&e.*. #hi& re&u.t& in a .ack
o* both ph,&ica. and (enta. preparedne&& i* &uch a &ituation happen&.
394
#he arnin+ pha&e hich a.&o ha-e a -aried duration dependin+ on
circu(&tance&J the period hen the per&on kno& that &o(ethin+ i& +oin+ to
happenJ a+ain there i& a tendenc, to den, that an,thin+ can happen to
one&e.*. #o a certain e;tent thi& can be +ood thin+ a& it doe& not re&train
producti-it,. #he other reaction in thi& pha&e i& acti-it,0 e.+. an at(o&phere o*
panic0
#he acute pha&e hich (a, ha-e a duration o* &econd& to da,H& it i& the ti(e
durin+ hich a per&on i& e;po&ed to the e-ent. #hi& i& the ti(e o* &hock0
here peop.e react di**erent.,. 10A30U react ca.(., and are acti-e., he.pin+J
50A75U are apathetic and con*u&edJ 10A25U &ho &uch &tron+ reaction& that
the, need (edica. he.pJ hi.e 1A3U .o&e contro. and &ho &,(pto(& o*
&eriou& breakdon0 i.e. co(p.ete (enta. breakdon or panic.
#he interi( pha&e hich can be di-ided into to part&1 the reaction period0
.a&tin+ *ro( one to &i; eek&0 and the hea.in+ period hich .a&t& *ro( one to
&i; (onth&. #hi& pha&e co((ence& a*ter the e-ent and it& i((ediate e**ect&
hen peop.e &tart to rea.i?e hat ha& happened and hat i& (ean& *or the(.
#he po&tA e-ent pha&e hich &tart& a*ter about &i; (onth& and can .a&t
inde*inite.,J thi& i& a.&o ca..ed the po&tAtrau(atic period hich (a, be .atent.
#hi& pha&e (a, ne-er occur0 thou+h0 i* a &ucce&&*u. hea.in+ period ha& taken
p.ace. #he po&tAtrau(atic re&u.t& can -ar, +reat.,0 but can t,pica.., be reA
.i-in+ the e-entJ ni+ht(are&J o-erAreaction to &ound&J a .ack o* intere&t in
i(portant occurrence&J in&o(niaJ *ee.in+& o* +ui.tJ prob.e(& o* concentrationJ
and .o&& o* (e(or,.
(tress (Dmptoms
It i& i(portant to kno I and there b, be ab.e to reco+ni?eA &tre&&
&,(pto(& that (i+ht occur. It i& not on., -ita. to reco+ni&e the( ithin the per&on
hi(Fher&e.*0 but a.&o i* the, occur in co..ea+ue&. #he &,(pto(& (a, inc.ude
&o(e o* the *o..oin+.
6a.pitation&
395
9;ce&&i-e per&piration
'iaarrhoea
%au&ea
/hi-erin+
H,per-enti.ation
'i??ine&&
/en&ation o* a ei+ht on the che&t
'i**icu.t, in breathin+
Headache
'i**icu.t, in ph,&ica. coordination
<ack o* perception1
'oe& not under&tand order& +i-en
'oe& not re(e(ber in*or(ation
I& unab.e to re(e(ber na(e&
Irrationa. acti-itie&
A&&e&&(ent abi.itie& a**ected
#unne. -i&ion
Irritation
2ear
:eepin+
/adne&&
Apath,
"o(p.ete (enta. breakdon
#hi& .i&t (u&t be &een a& &,(pto(& that (a, occur0 and certain., not a..
&,(pto(& i.. occur. 8eaction& &uch a& the abo-e (a, not occur at a... It -er,
(uch depend& on the .e-e. o* trainin+ o* the indi-idua. and the he.p that a per&on
i& +i-en and ho .on+ a*ter the e-ent.
396
9#.#2 ho: to ,inimi;e (tress durin= a disaster Operation
2o..oin+ are &o(e a,& to (ini(i?e &tre&& durin+ a di&a&ter operationJ
A& (uch a& po&&ib.e0 .i-in+ acco((odation& &hou.d be per&ona. and
co(*ortab.e. 7e(ento& *ro( ho(e (a, he.p di&a&ter orker& to keep in
touch p&,cho.o+ica..,.
8e+u.ar e;erci&e con&i&tent ith pre&ent ph,&ica. condition and re.a;ation
ith &o(e acti-it, aa, *ro( the di&a&ter &cene (a, he.p.
4ettin+ enou+h &.eep and tr,in+ to eat re+u.ar (ea.& e-en i* the orker& are
not hun+r, i.. he.p. :orker& &hou.d a-oid *ood& hi+h in &u+ar0 *at0 and
&odiu(0 &uch a& donut& and *a&t *ood&. #akin+ -ita(in and (inera.
&upp.e(ent& (a, he.p the bod, to continue to +et the nutrient& it need&.
9;ce&&i-e u&e o* a.coho. and co**ee &hou.d be a-oided. "a**eine i& a
&ti(u.ant and &hou.d be u&ed in (oderation a& it a**ect& the ner-ou& &,&te(
(akin+ re.ie* orker& ner-ou& and ed+,.
A.thou+h re.ie* orker& need ti(e a.on+ on .on+ di&a&ter operation&0 the,
&hou.d a.&o &pend ti(e ith coorker&. >oth e;perienced and ne re.ie*
orker& &hou.d &pend re&t ti(e aa, *ro( the di&a&ter &cene. #a.kin+ about
nor(a. thin+& (ho(e0 *riend&0 *a(i.,0 hobbie&0 etc.) other than the di&a&ter i& a
hea.th chan+e o* pace.
Hu(or he.p& ea&e the ten&ion. Hoe-er0 u&e it care*u.., a& -icti(& or
coorker& can take thin+& per&ona..,0 re&u.tin+ in hurt *ee.in+& i* the, are the
burnt o* 3di&a&ter hu(or5.
:hen on the =ob0 it i& i(portant *or re.ie* orker& to take break& durin+ the
da,0 e&pecia.., i* the, *ind the(&e.-e& (akin+ (i&take& or unab.e to
concentrate.
#ea( (e(ber& &hou.d tr, to &ta, in touch ith *a(i., back ho(e i* the, can.
"o((unication he.p& pre-ent the &en&e o* bein+ &tran+er& hen the, return
a*ter the di&a&ter.
397
#ea( .eader& can take &peci*ic0 practica. action to pre-ent and reduce the
e**ect& o* "I/0 con&e)uent., a-oidin+ the per&ona. and or+ani?ationa. co&t&
a&&ociated ith the(. /tep& inc.ude1
<earnin+ to identi*, and re&pond to "I/ in per&onne..
9ducatin+ tea( (e(ber& in ad-ance about the potentia. har(*u. e**ect& o*
critica. incident&.
ItH& nor(a. to e;perience &tre&& durin+ a di&a&ter operation0 but
re(e(ber.... &tre&& can be identi*ied and (ana+ed.
9#.#3 (tress Debriefin=
I* e.+. an $%'A" tea( i& e;po&ed to trau(atic e-ent& certain procedure&
&hou.d be carried out. Initia.., he.p &hou.d be +i-en i((ediate., in the *or( o* a
(p&,cho.o+ica.) debrie*in+ hi.e pro*e&&iona. he.p (a, be re)uired at a .ater
&ta+e. 9;perience &ho&0 thou+h0 that i* a debrie*in+ i& &tarted ithin the *ir&t 48A
72 hour& a*ter the e-ent0 (ore he.p i& rare., needed.
#he debrie*in+ can -er, e.. be initiated b, the tea( .eader0 and ha&
&hortAter( and .on+Ater( ob=ecti-e&.
/hort ter( !b=ecti-e&
#echnica. a&pect&1
#o co..ect in*or(ation *or u&e in in-e&ti+atin+ the incident
#o unco-er need& *or radica. chan+e& in operationa. procedure&
7enta. a&pect&1
#o 3deco(pre&&5
#o a&&e&& the need *or pro*e&&iona. he.p.
398
<on+ ter( !b=ecti-e&
#echnica. a&pect&J
A .earnin+ proce&&
#o pro-ide the +round *or po&&ib.e ad=u&t(ent& to po.icie&0 p.an&0
princip.e&0 (ateria. etc.
#o pro-ide the +round& *or di&&e(inatin+ the ac)uired kno.ed+e
7enta. a&pect&1
#o pre-ent (enta. a*terAe**ect&
#o a&&e&& the need *or pro*e&&iona. he.p
#o en&ure dai., *unctionin+
#o (aintain an i(pro-e tea( &o.idarit, and
#o pre-ent the 3&cape+oatH e**ect
#o en&ure the tea( .eader& *uture ener+, and acti-it, re&ource&.
7ain 'ebrie*in+ 6oint&
I((ediate., a*ter the e-en (not (ore than 48A72 hour& .ater)
#he ta( (u&t initia.., be to+ether in p.enu(
#he &e&&ion &hou.d &tart b, +oin+ throu+h the operation and +i-in+ it and the
e-en coherence and a .inkin+ thread
#he ne;t pha&e &hou.d be in +roup& o* not (ore than 6A12 per&on&
I* po&&ib.e thi& &hou.d be .ed b, peop.e ho ha-e kno.ed+e o*
e(otiona.Fp&,cho.o+ica. *ir&t aid (a tea( .eader &hou.d be capab.e o* thi&)
9-er, participant &hou.d be a..oed to ta.k about an,thin+ heF&he ant& to
and to &ho the e(otion& that heF&he *ee.&.
#he &e&&ion &hou.d not .a&t (ore than about *our hour&
It there i& a need0 a ne &e&&ion can be carried out .ater
3Hi+hAri&k5 +roup& &hou.d be identi*ied (e.+. per&onne. c.o&e&t to the e-ent0
peop.e ith re&pon&ibi.it, etc.)
399
"arr, out a &eparate debrie*in+ &hou.d be carried out ith the hi+hAri&k +roup.
9#.#. After the UNDAC mission
7edica. checkAup. $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d &eek (edica. con&u.tation
and treat(ent pro(pt., it the, ha-e &i+n& o* an, i..ne&& or in=ur, *o..oin+ the
dep.o,(ent. !* particu.ar concern are per&i&tent *e-er0 cou+h or abdo(ina. up&et
ith diarrhoea0 a& the&e (a, be due to a di&ea&e contracted durin+ the
dep.o,(ent. I* (e(ber& had na, &e;ua. contact durin+ the dep.o,(ent0 the,
&hou.d con&ider bein+ te&ted *or -enerea. di&ea&e and HIEFAI'/. HIE te&t& (a,
not be po&iti-e unti. about 3 eek& a*ter the e;po&ure to the -iru&. I* &i+n& o*
&tre&& per&i&t0 $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d &eek con&u.tation ith a pro*e&&iona.
(enta. hea.th care pro-ider.
'ocu(entation. 7e(ber& &hou.d update their indi-idua. hea.th record& it
the, de-e.op an, i..ne&& *o..oin+ dep.o,(ent ith $%'A". #he, &hou.d a.&o
ad-i&e !"HA ho (a, then a.ert other $%'A" (e(ber& to be are o* the
hea.th threat in the dep.o,(ent .ocation0 or the .oca. hea.th authoritie& in the
dep.o,(ent &ite.
7edication. $%'A" (e(ber& &hou.d continue to con&u(e (edication
accordin+ to the re+i(e e&tab.i&hed b, the (anu*acturer o* the (edication e-en
a*ter the, depart the dep.o,(ent .ocation. #hi& in*or(ation can be *ound in the
packa+in+ o* the (edication and app.ie& e&pecia.., to antiA(a.aria. dru+&.
,edical 9it
"ontent&. 9-er, $%'A" (e(ber &hou.d carr, an indi-idua. (edica. kit
cater *or (inor hea.th i..ne&&e& or in=urie&. #he (edica. kit content& &hou.d be
c.ear., (arked0 inc.udin+ the na(e& o* the (edication& and their u&a+e
in&truction&. It i& reco((ended that a &turd, aterproo* container be u&ed to
400
&tore the (edica. kit content&. !r+ani?ation o* the&e content& into &eparate
co(part(ent& *or di**erent need& i.. he.p to (ake u&e o* the kit (ore e**icient.
/u++e&ted (edica. content& inc.ude the *o..oin+1
a. /kin
/unb.ockF&un &creen
<ip &a.-e
7oi&turi?er
6oder (po&&ib., ith antiA*un+a. (edication0
:aterproo* p.a&ter& (a&&orted &hape&F&i?e&)
H,drocorti&one crea( (&kin a..er+ie&0 in&ect bite&)
Anti&eptic crea( (cut&0 abra&ion&)
Anti&eptic &oap(e.+. 'etto.)
b. 7edication
2e-er0 ache&0 pain (e.+. 6araceta(o.0 A&pirin)
/ore throat0 cou+h (e.+. <o?en+e&)
8unnin+ no&e (antiAhi&ta(ine e.+. "h.orphenira(ine)
Abdo(ina. pain (e.+. >u&copan)
Abdo(ina. up&et (e.+. acti-ated charcoa.0 antacid&)
'iarrhoea (e.+ I((odiu()
AntiA(a.aria. (e.+. 7e*.o)uine)
Antibiotic& (e.+ 9r,thro(,cin)
:ater puri*ication tab.et&
c. !ther&
A.coho. ipe&
401
>anda+e& (e.+. #rian+u.ar0 e.a&tic)
/ur+ica. +.o-e
:H! 7edica. 6ack. 9ach $%'A" (e(ber i& i&&ued a :H! (edica.
pack. #hi& contain& &o(e u&e*u. ite(& that can be &uch a& part o* the indi-idua.
(edica. kit. #he *o..oin+ tab.e &u((ari?e& the :H! (edica. pack content& and
(ake re*erence to the pa+e& o* the :H! book.et entit.ed.
3Internationa. #ra-e. And Hea.th5 #hat de&cribe the condition& *or u&e o*
the content&.
Area $ack Contents Use $a=e
9;terna. App.ication H,drocorti&one crea( In&ect bite&0
&kin a..er+ie&
58
"oAtri(o;a?o.e crea( Anti&eptic to
c.ean cut&
7,ci. poder 57
4a((a ben?. He;ach.oride
poder
Abdo(ina. H,droc.ona?one :ater
puri*ication
62
I((odiu( 'iarrhoea 63
!ra. 8eh,dration &a.t& /e-ere
diarrhoea0
cho.era
63
7a.aria 9.o)uine ((e*.o)uine) AntiA(a.aria. *or
u&e indi**erent
part& o* the
or.d
68A69077083A84
6ro+uani.
%i-a)uine (cho.oro)uine)
Cik A"#IE In&ect repe..ant 76
/ur+ica.F /kin In*u&ion &et Intra-enou&
treat(ent
66
/,rin+e& In=ection&
/,rin+e need.e&
A.coho. ipe& /kin c.eanin+
"o&(op.a&t &trip& "ut&0 abra&ion&
!ther& 'o.iprane (paraceta(o.) 2e-er0 (i.d
pain
402
9r,thro(,cin Antibiotic *or
in*ection&
$&e*u. 8e*erence&
a. :ebA&ite1 . :ho.ch
b. Internationa. #ra-e. and hea.th. Eaccination re)uire(ent& and hea.th
ad-ice. :H!0 4ene-a0 1999.
c. 6er&ona. H,+iene tre&& handbook.0 $% 'ept. o* 6eacekeepin+
!peration&0 %G0 1998.
9#8 ,edical Emer=encies and First Aid
#hi& &ection contain& -er, ba&ic in*or(ation on (edica. e(er+encie& and
*ir&t aid. 7o&t *ie.d (edica. &ituation& ,ou encounter are not i((ediate., .i*e
threatenin+. #he *e that are can +enera.., be addre&&ed b, an,one ith ba&ic
*ir&t aid &ki..& and a rationa. approach. 7aintain a ca.(0 thou+ht*u. (anner. 6anic
i.. cau&e or contribute to a 3&hock5 re&pon&e in the -icti( and (a, cau&e other&
to act irrationa.., a& e... :hen con*ronted b, a (edica. e(er+enc,0 ,our *ir&t
&tep i& to deter(ine hether or not ,ou can &a*e., and e**ecti-e., render
a&&i&tance. 'o not (o-e the -icti( un.e&& ,ou ha-e to *or ,our &a*et, or hi& or
her&. !nce ,ou ha-e deter(ined that ,ou are not endan+erin+ ,our&e.* and that
the -icti(& i& in a re.ati-e., &a*e po&ition0 +et he.p i* ,ou are ab.e to do &o.

:arnin+ I #here i& de*inite ri&k to the *ir&t aid re&ponder *ro( the bodi.,
*.uid& o* the patient. #he&e inc.ude b.ood0 (ucu&0 urine0 and other &ecretion&.
Gou &hou.d take the &tep& nece&&ar, to protect ,our&e.* be*ore atte(ptin+ to treat
the patient. $&e &ur+ica. +.o-e& i* ,ou ha-e the(. A.&o0 it i& &tron+., ad-i&ed that
,ou u&e a cardiopu.(onar, re&u&citation ("68) barrier de-ice i* +i-in+ (outh to
(outh. A *ace(a&k i.. a.&o reduce the potentia. *or re&cuer in*ection.
#he Initia. A>"& o* 7edica. 9(er+encie& F 2ir&t Aid
403
#he ba&ic &tep& in a&&e&&in+ ,our -icti(& and initiatin+ treat(ent are a&
*o..o&1
Aira,A!pen and (aintain an ade)uate aira,.
>reathin+A "heck *or breathin+ b, .i&tenin+ at the (outh and atchin+ the ri&e
o* the che&t.
"ircu.ation I "heck *or circu.ation b, *ee.in+ *or a pu.&e at the ri&t0 ank.e0 or
throat.
In a *u.., uncon&ciou& per&on ,ou can c.ear the aira, b, u&in+ a 3*in+er
&eep5 I reachin+ into the back o* the throat to re(o-e a -i&ib.e ob=ect but bein+
care*u. not to pu&h the ob=ect in *urther. 6.ace the( on their back0 .ook in&ide the
(outh0 and do a *in+er &eep. I* the -icti( i& not uncon&ciou&0 be care*u. not to
+et bitten. 2a..in+ uncon&ciou& and re.a;in+ (a, .oo&en the ob=ect *ro( the
throat. I* it doe& not0 knee. a&tride the per&on and p.ace ,our hand& at the ba&e o*
the rib ca+e. #he hee. o* one hand &hou.d be don0 the *in+er& o* the upper hand
beteen tho&e o* the .oer0 +ra&pin+ the pa.(. 'e.i-er *i-e )uick upard thru&t&
to the abdo(en.
I* ,ou are ab.e to c.ear the b.ocka+e but the patient ha& not re&u(ed
breathin+0 per*or( (outhAto (outh re&u&citation0 part o* cardiopu.(onar,
re&u&citation ("68).
1. 6o&ition the Eicti(&. <a, the -icti( on their back. Cnee. and po&ition
,our&e.* at a ri+ht an+.e to the -icti(H& bod,0 ith ,our knee& perpendicu.ar
to the -icti(H& neck and &hou.der&.
2. Head #i.tF "hin <i*t. 6o&ition ,ou pa.( on the per&onH& *orehead and +ent.,
pu&h backard0 p.acin+ the &econd and third *in+er& o* ,our other hand
a.on+ the &ide o* the -icti(H& =a0 ti.tin+ the head and .i*tin+ the chin
*orard to open the aira,.
404
3. 7odi*ied =a #hru&t . I* ,ou &u&pect a neck in=ur,0 a (odi*ied =a thru&t
(ithout the head ti.t) (a, be u&ed. #hi& i& done b, p.acin+ ,our hand& on
each &ide o* the -icti(&H *ace0 ,our thu(b& on the cheekbone& but not
pu&hin+0 and pu..in+ the =a *orard ith ,our inde; *in+er&. A+ain
e;a(ine the (outh *or *orei+n ob=ect&. I* ,ou *ind an,0 u&e the *in+er
&eep to c.ear the(.
4. "heck *or breathin+ a+ain. 6ut ,our ear direct., o-er the -icti(H& (outh to
.i&ten and *ee. *or air bein+ e;ha.ed. <ook at the -icti(H& che&t to &ee i* it i&
ri&in+ or *a..in+.
5. 7outh Ito 7outh 8e&u&citation. 6o&ition ,our&e.* at a ri+ht an+.e to the
-icti(H& &hou.der. $&e the head ti.tF chin .i*t (aneu-er and pinch the
-icti(H& no&e c.o&ed0 u&in+ ,our thu(b and *ore*in+er. !pen ,ou (outh
ide0 and p.ace it ti+ht., o-er the -icti(H& (outh. 9;ha.e into the -icti( =u&t
enou+h to &ee the che&t ri&e. #ake another breath and repeat. "heck to
&ee i* the -icti(H& che&t i& ri&kin+ hen ,ou e;ha.e. I* the &to(ach bu.+e&
the air i& +oin+ into the &to(ach and not the .un+&. #he aira, (a, be
b.ocked &ti... "heck the aira, a+ain.
6. "heck *or a 6u.&e. A*ter ,ou ha-e de.i-ered ,our to breath& into the
-icti(&0 check *or a pu.&e u&in+ to *in+er& =u&t to the &ide o* the Ada(H&
app.e. It the -icti( ha& a pu.&e but i& not breathin+0 continue (outhAto
(outh re&u&citation0 u&in+ the &a(e techni)ue o* bi+ breath& e-er, 5
&econd& (12ti(e&F (inute). 8e(o-e ,our (outh beteen breath&.
"ontinue to check *or &i+n& o* breathin+ and atch *or che&t (o-e(ent. I*
the -icti(H& breathin+ i& eak0 ,ou (a, ha-e to continue (outhAto (outh0
*o..oin+ the -icti(H& breathin+ pattern0 en&urin+ a breath at .ea&t at .ea&t
e-er, 5 &econd&.
405
7. 8e&tore circu.ation. I* ,ou are unab.e to *ind a pu.&e in the -icti(0 ,ou (u&t
be+in heart co(pre&&ion& to re&tore circu.ation. #he co(pre&&ion& (u&t
be coordinated ith the (outhAto (outh re&u&citation. Cnee. and
po&ition J,our&e.* at a ri+ht an+.e to the -icti(H& che&t. 2ind the ba&e o* he
brea&tbone at the center o* the che&t here the rib& *or( a E. 6o&ition the
hee. o* one hand on the che&t i((ediate., abo-e the EJ ith the other
hand0 +ra&p the *ir&t hand *ro( abo-e0 intertinin+ the *in+er&. /hi*t ,our
ei+ht *orard and upard &o that ,our &hou.der& are o-er ,ou hand&J
&trai+hten ,ou ar(& and .ock ,our e.bo. /hi*t ,our ei+ht onto ,our
hand& to depre&& the -icti(H& che&t (11F2 to 2 inche& in an adu.t). "ount
a.oud a& ,ou do it0 *i-e ti(e& in an e-en rh,th(0 &.i+ht., *a&ter than 1
co(pre&&ion F&econd (80A1000 beat&F(inute). 8epeat the pattern *or a
tota. o* 15 che&t co(pre&&ion&.
8. "ontinue >reathin+ *or the Eicti(. Gou (u&t continue to +i-e the -icti(
o;,+en throu+h (outhAto (outh re&u&citation. 4i-e to breath&. 8epeat.
9. A.ternate 6u(pin+ and >reathin+. 6u(p the -icti(H& che&t 15 ti(e&0 then
breathe *or hi( or her tice. 9&tab.i&h re+u.ar rh,th(0 countin+ a.oud0
check the pu.&e and breathin+ a*ter *our c,c.e&. "ontinue unti. he.p
arri-e&0 i* po&&ib.e
10. 6er*or(in+ "68 on a chi.d. #he procedure i& e&&entia.., the &a(e0 but
,ou u&e on., one hand *or che&t co(pre&&ion& and pu(p the chi.dH& che&t
*i-e ti(e&. Gou then breathe *or the chi.d once0 (ore +ent., than ,ou
breathe *or an adu.t.
11. #oA 6er&on "68. !ne per&on pro-ide& breathin+ a&&i&tance hi.e the
other pi(p& the heart. 6u(p the heart at a rate o* 80 to 100 beat& per
(inute. A*ter each *i-e co(pre&&ion&0 a pau&e in pu(pin+ i& a..oed *or a
breath to be +i-en b, the other per&on.
406
Chokin=
#he -icti( i.. be unab.e to &peak or breathe e**ecti-e., i* their aira, i&
ob&tructed. It the, are cou+hin+ or +a&pin+ &tron+., *or air0 .ea-e the( a.on+. I*
the, are unab.e to &peak0 tr,in+ to c.ear their throat0 or cou+hin+ eak.,0 &ta,
ith the( and care*u.., (onitor their breathin+. It the -icti( i& unab.e to &peak
and put& their hand& around their throat0 act pro(pt.,J thi& i& the uni-er&a. &i+n
*or chokin+. ".earin+ the aira, i& ea&ie&t i* the patient i& &tandin+. /tep behind
the(0 (ake *i&t ith one hand an p.ace it o-er the abdo(en0 thu(b &ide toard&
the patient0 beteen their na-e. and the botto( o* their rib ca+e. :ith ,our other
hand0 +rap& ,our ri&t. :ith a &harp inard and upard thru&t0 co(pre&& the
abdo(en. 8epeat unti. the aira, i& c.ear. I* the per&on ha& pa&&e& out0 i& too bi+
*or ,ou to reach around0 or cannot be &tood up0 .a, the( *.at on their back0 turn
their head to one &ide0 and u&e an abdo(ina. thru&t ith both hand& &i(i.ar to a
"68 che&t co(pre&&ion. "ontinue to (onitor the A>"& and treat *or &hock0 i*
indicated.
Other Emer=encD (ituations
!nce ,ou kno that ,our patientH& A>"& are !C0 ,ou can (o-e on to
deter(inin+ hat other prob.e(& the, (a, ha-e. It ,ou &a the in=ur, occur and
the patient i& con&ciou& and ab.e to co((unicate e**ecti-e., ith ,ou0 thi& &tep i&
*air., &i(p.e.
I* a .an+ua+e barrier e;i&t& or the patient i& not con&ciou&0 it beco(e&
(ore di**icu.t. >e &en&iti-e to cu.tura. barrier& or ob&tac.e&0 e&pecia.., hen ,ou
patient i& o* another cu.ture.
/hock
#he (o&t co((on., encountered *or( o* &hock in the *ie.d i& trau(atic
&hock0 induced b, in=ur,. I* .e*t untreated0 it (a, re&u.t in death. A.a,& (onitor
407
*or &i+n& o* &hock and routine., treat *or it inca&e& o* &e-ere in=ur,. #he patient
(a, be co.d and c.a((,0 ha-e pa.e &kin0 rapid0 eak pu.&e0 rapid0 &ha..o
breathin+0 or a co(bination o* the&e &,(pto(&. 9;pert in ca&e& o* head in=ur,0
ha-e the patient .ie *.at on their back and e.e-ate their .e+&. "o-er the( ith a
b.anket or other ther(a. co-er and (onitor the A>"&.
>.eedin+
#here are &e-era. a,& to contro. the b.eedin+. #he&e &hou.d be
atte(pted0 in the *o..oin+ order1
$&in+ a &teri.e +au?e &)uare0 app., pre&&ure direct., o-er the ound. :hen it
&top& b.eedin+0 tape or otheri&e &ecure the +au?e in p.ace. I((ediate.,
re(o-in+ the +au?e (a, cau&e the b.eedin+ to re&tart.
I* ,ou ha-e kno.ed+e o* the arteria. pre&&ure point&0 app., pre&&ure0 u&in+
one or both thu(b& o-er the arter,. !nce thi& ha& contro..ed the b.eedin+0
app., pre&&ure banda+e& to the ound &ite.
I& ,ou are unab.e to contro. the b.eedin+ in an, other a,0 and pro*e&&iona.
he.p i& (an, hour& aa,0 app., a tourni)uet to the a**ected e;tre(it,. #here i&
a hi+h ri&k o* .o&in+ the e;tre(it,0 particu.ar., i* pro*e&&iona. attention i& not
i((ediate., a-ai.ab.e. #hi& i& a .a&t re&ort.
>.eedin+ *ro( the tor&o doe& not .end direct pre&&ure. 9.e-ation (a, he.p0
and i* ice i& a-ai.ab.e in &u**icient )uantit,0 it i.. a.&o he.p.
>.eedin+ *ro( the head can u&ua.., be contro..ed b, direct pre&&ure0
e.e-ation0 icin+0 or a co(bination o* a.. three. 'o not app., a tourni)uet.
>urn&
>urn& (a, be three ba&ic t,pe&J che(ica.0 e.ectrica.0 and ther(a.. #he
treat(ent *or each i& di**erent0 but in e-er, ca&e0 treat(ent *or trau(atic &hock
&hou.d be part o* ,ou approach.
408
"he(ica. burn&A the&e (a, ari&e *ro( inad-ertent &pi..& hen hand.in+
che(ica.&0 co(in+ in contact ith i(proper., di&po&ed che(ica.& and che(ica.
a&te0 or che(ica. areA*are act&. #ake precaution& to en&ure that ,ou are not
conta(inated or e;po&ed to the che(ica.& be*ore atte(ptin+ treat(ent. I* ,ou
can deter(ine the nature o* the che(ica. that cau&ed the burn0 it i.. be he.p*u. in
deter(inin+ the *o..o up treat(ent.
8e(o-e a.. conta(inated c.othin+.
#horou+h., rin&e ith copiou& a(ount& o* c.ean .ukear( ater. 8in&e *or at
.ea&t 20 to 30 (inute& or .on+er i* po&&ib.e.
/eek pro*e&&iona. (edica. attention a& &oon a& po&&ib.e0 re+ard.e&& o* the
apparent &e-erit, o* the burn.
Electrical burns@ #he&e u&ua.., &te( *ro( e.ectrica. &hock. >e*ore
approachin+ the patient0 be certain that no *urther ri&k o* in=ur, i& pre&ent. I* ,ou
kno the patient i& &ti.. in contact ith the e.ectrica. &ource and ,ou kno it i& .o
-o.ta+e0 ,ou can (o-e the ire or the patient to a &a*e po&ition ith a dr, po.e or
rope. I* the ire i& o* unknon or hi+h -o.ta+e0 +et pro*e&&iona. he.p to &hut o**
the current or (o-e the ire. Atte(ptin+ to do &o ,our&e.* i.. .ike., re&u.t in an
increa&e in the bod, count *or thi& incident. 'on[t do it.

A& &oon a& it i& &a*e to do &o0 check the A>"& and continue to (onitor the(.
6atient& ith e.ectrica. burn& o*ten &u**er cardiac or re&pirator, arre&t.
I* there are e-ident burn&0 co-er the( .oo&e., ith &teri.e dre&&in+&.
/eek pro*e&&iona. he.p in treatin+ the burn&. 'o %!# app., burn crea(& or
oint(ent&.
409
"hermal burns @#he&e ran+e *ro( (i.d &unburn to the &e-ere burn&
a&&ociated ith open *.a(e& and heated (eta.. #her(a. burn& are cate+ori?ed
b, de+ree. Appropriate treat(ent i& ke,ed to the &e-erit, o* the burn.
First@ de=ree burns@ /,(pto(& are (inor &e..in+ and redne&& o* the
a**ected area.
A App., coo. runnin+ ater or et co(pre&&e& a& &oon a& po&&ib.e0
continuin+ unti. the pain &ub&ide&.
A <ea-e the burned area e;po&ed. 'o %!# app., oint(ent& or
&a.-e&. I* pain recur&0 reapp., co.d ater
(econd@ de=ree burns@ /,(pto(& are de*inite redne&& o* the a**ected area0
&e..in+0 and b.i&terin+.
A #reat a& abo-e *or *ir&t de+ree burn& *or 15 to 30 (inute&0
pre*erab., u&in+ &teri.e ater.
A "o-er ith a dr,0 &teri.e banda+e.
A 9.e-ate the burned area0 and treat the patient *or trau(atic &hock.
A /eek pro*e&&iona. he.p.
"hird@ de=ree burns@ #,pica..,0 the&e are area& o* deeper burnin+0
&urrounded b, area& that di&p.a, *ir&t and &econd de+ree burn
characteri&tic&.
"harrin+ or a .eather, appearance are a.&o co((on.
A "heck the A>"& and continue to (onitor the(.
A #reat *or trau(atic &hock.
A "o-er the burned area ith a &teri.e0 nonAadhe&i-e dre&&in+.
A 9.e-ate the burned area.
A I((ediate., &eek pro*e&&iona. he.p
%ractures ('ro(en 'ones)
410
$&ua..,0 the patient i.. knon i* the, ha-e broken a bone. #he &,(pto(&
are brui&in+ around the *racture &ite0 .oca.i?ed pain0 de*or(it,0 and &e..in+. In
treatin+ a *racture0 the ob=ecti-e i& i((obi.i?ation o* the end& o* the broken bone.
I((obi.i?e an, *racture be*ore (o-in+ the patient. #hi& i& e&pecia.., i(portant in
the ca&e o* knon or &u&pected &pina. in=ur,. :hen &p.ittin+ a *racture0
i((obi.i?e the ad=acent =oint& a& e.. a& the *racture &ite. A*ter &p.intin+ i&
co(p.eted and on a continuin+ ba&i& unti. pro*e&&iona.., treated0 check
circu.ation in the a**ected e;tre(itie&. In the ca&e o* an open *racture0 ,ou i..
(o&t .ike., need to contro. the b.eedin+ u&in+ pre&&ure point& in&tead o* direct
pre&&ure. 7onitor the patient *or the on&et o* trau(atic &hock &,(pto(&. #reat
*or &hock routine., in *racture& o* (a=or bone& and open *racture& (hen the
bone break& the &ur*ace o* the &kin). 4et (edica. attention *or open *racture&.
2ro&tbite
2ro&tbitten ti&&ue i.. *ee. co.d to ,our touch0 and either nu(b or pain*u. to
the patient. In e;tre(e ca&e&0 the ti&&ue i.. turn hite and harden. 'o not
atte(pt to tha *ro?en ti&&ue unti. ,ou can en&ure it i.. not be i((ediate.,
re*ro?en. It i& better to de.a, treat(ent a *e hour& than to re*ree?e pre-iou&.,
*ro?en ti&&ue. #o treat0 +ent., ar( the a**ected area& in a heated &pace0 u&in+
.ukear( ater here it i& po&&ib.e to i((er&e the a**ected area. 4i-e the
patient ar( *.uid& and be a.ert to &i+n& o* &hock. 8ear(in+ that i& too rapid
i.. cau&e circu.ator, prob.e(& and po&&ib., or&en the ti&&ue da(a+e. I* the
ti&&ue b.i&ter&0 a-oid breakin+ the b.i&ter& and co-er the a**ected area ith a dr,
+au?e banda+e. 6re-ent in=ured *in+er&0 toe&0 etc. *ro( rubbin+ a+ain&t each
other b, p.ace +au?e pad& beteen the(. /eek (edica. attention *or a.. but (i.d
ca&e&0 a& there i& ri&k o* &eptice(ia and +an+rene in (ore &e-ere ca&e&.
)eat *xhaustion
411
#he patient u&ua.., &eat& pro*u&e.,0 *ee.& c.a((, to the touch0 (a,
co(p.ain o* a headache or nau&ea0 and (a, be di&oriented and *ee. eak. I* ,ou
&u&pect heat e;hau&tion but the patient i& not &eatin+0 see )eat Stro(e, be.o.
4et the patient out o* the &un and into a coo. the( don b, app.,in+ co.d
co(pre&&e& and *annin+. I* the, are con&ciou&0 +i-e !8/ and ater0 or p.ain
ater. I* reco-er, i&n[t *air., i((ediate upon treat(ent0 &eek (edica. attention.
)eat Stro(e
#he patient i.. ha-e hot0 dr, &kin and a te(perature e.. abo-e nor(a..
This situation is life threatening and must 'e treated immediately and
aggressiely+ In (ore ad-anced ca&e&0 the patient i.. .o&e con&ciou&ne&& and
(a, con-u.&e. 4et the patient out o* the &un and into a coo. &pace. 8e(o-e their
c.othin+ and i((er&e the( in co.d (%!# ic,) ater unti. the on&et o* &hi-erin+.
/eek (edica. attention. ,ou must immediately lo-er the 'ody temperature or it is
quite li(ely that the patient -ill die+
)ypothermia
#he patient i.. &hi-er in the ear., &ta+e& o* h,pother(ia0 but once the
bod,[& core te(perature +oe& be.o about 92 de+ree&0 the, (a, not. #he, i..
be uncoordinated and (a, de(on&trate (enta. con*u&ion0 &.urred &peech0 and
irrationa. beha-ior. 7ere., brin+in+ the patient into a ar( &pace i.. not re-er&e
&e-ere ca&e&. 8e(o-e an, et or con&trictin+ c.othin+0 p.ace the patient in a preA
ar(ed bed or &.eepin+ ba+0 and add ater bott.e& o* ar( (%!# hot) ater
around the tor&o. I* ar( ater i& not a-ai.ab.e0 u&e one or (ore ar(0 dr,
re&cuer& in the &.eepin+ ba+ or bed to pro-ide heat.
I* the patient i& &u**icient., con&ciou& to protect their aira,0 +i-e the(
ar( (100A115
0
2) *.uid& &uch a& .e(onade or #an+. #hi& pro-ide& readi.,
ab&orbed *ue. (&u+ar) and a (ean& to pro-ide heat to the bod, core. 'o %!#
412
+i-e co**ee0 tea0 other &ti(u.ant&0 or an, *or( o* a.coho.. #he patient ha& .o&t the
abi.it, to produce &u**icient heat and heat (u&t be pro-ide4d e;terna..,. :hi.e
thi& i& a \co.d\ in=ur,0 it i& (o&t co((on at te(perature& abo-e *ree?in+ and in
et0 ind, condition&.
)# D*(A("E% )O4*("*C(
)#2 *ntroduction (p#2!
)#2 )o=istics OCerCie: (p#.!
)#3 )o=istics Assessment Checklist (p#3!
)#2# *ntroduction
!*ten it i& not rea.i&ed that .o+i&tic& i& one o* the .ar+e&t and (o&t co(p.e;
e.e(ent& o* re.ie* operation&. #here are a nu(ber o* di**erent t,pe& o* .o+i&tic&
pro+ra((e&0 but the, a.. ha-e &o(e co((on e.e(ent&0 and the, need a
&,&te(atic and pro*e&&iona. approach. #he abi.it, to de.i-er the ri+ht &upp.ie&
and the ri+ht a(ount0 here and hen the, are needed and in a +ood condition0
i& a prere)ui&ite *or an e**ecti-e e(er+enc, operation. #he -ita. ro.e o* .o+i&tica.
&upport (u&t not be o-er.ooked in the initia. p.annin+0 and a .o+i&tic& &pecia.i&t
(a, be re)uired on a&&e&&(ent (i&&ion&. In (an, circu(&tance& it i& -ita. to
u&e .o+i&tic& e;pert&. In the $% &,&te(0 :26 i& nor(a.., re&pon&ib.e *or
coordinatin+ .o+i&tic& in a hu(anitarian operation.
A ho.e ran+e o* .o+i&tica. acti-itie& i.. u&ua.., be i(pro-i&ed at the .oca.
.e-e. durin+ e(er+encie&. #he&e are o*ten the (o&t e**ecti-e and nationa. and
internationa. .o+i&tic& &hou.d &upport and rein*orce &uch .oca. re&pon&e&. #he
.o+i&tica. re&pon&e& in an e(er+enc, can be di-ided into pro-idin+ *or .i(ited
need& (&uch a& pro-idin+ critica. (edica. ite(&0 co((unication& e)uip(ent0
repair ite(& *or ater &upp.,0 &anitation0 e.ectrica. poer etc0) and (o-in+ bu.k
413
co((oditie& (&uch a& *ood and &he.ter or e-en peop.e the(e &e.-e&). In their
on ri+ht&0 each o* the to abo-e can be e)ua.., i(portant and both re)uire
+ood and e**ecti-e p.annin+0 the *ir&t bein+ the one that can be p.anned in detai.
at a.. .e-e.&. Apart *ro( the i(portant *act that re.ie* .o+i&tic& are ha(pered b,
u&ua.., ha-in+ to be or+ani&ed )uick.,0 it i& i(portant to bear in (ind that there
are a nu(ber o* other *actor& that po&e con&traint& on .o+i&tic&0 &uch a& preA
e;i&tin+ .o+i&tic& in*ra&tructure0 po.itica. *actor&0 the da(a+e cau&ed b, the
di&a&ter0 and &o(eti(e& the &ecurit, en-iron(ent.
Planning Logistics Programmes
6.annin+ and anticipation are the co(er&tone& o* +ood .o+i&tic0 and (u&t
be ba&ed on the kno.ed+e o*0 a(on+ other thin+&0 +eo.o+ica.0 technica.0 po.itica.
and ph,&ica. a&pect&. It i& i(portant to e&tab.i&h an i(p.e(entation and
operation& p.an0 ith the *ir&t de&cribin+ the ta&k& nece&&ar, to bui.d the &,&te(0
inc.udin+ the .inka+e&0 the &e)uence0 the re&ource& in-o.-ed0 and ho pro+re&&
i& (ea&ured. #he &econd0 the operation& p.an0 (u&t &et +oa.& and
re&pon&ibi.itie& *or re.ie* de.i-erie&0 a& e.. a& propo&in+ &chedu.e& to (eet +oa.&0
and de&cribin+ ho the contro. &,&te( i.. operate. A& .o+i&tic& i& part o* an onA
+oin+ re.ie* operation0 an, .o+i&tic& p.annin+ (u&t be coordinated ith p.an& in
other &ector& o* the re.ie* operation. It i& a.&o i(portant to take into account that
there (a, be breakdon& *or -ariou& rea&on& 0 and p.an& (u&t take thi& into
account a& e.. a& bein+ a& *.e;ib.e a& po&&ib.e.
An, .o+i&tic& p.annin+ (u&t a.&o contain in*or(ation and contro. &,&te(&0
&ince accountabi.it, and (onitorin+ o* per*or(ance a+ain&t rea.i&tic and
continua.., a&&e&&ed &tandard& are i(portant to the &ucce&& o* the operation and
to the donor&. #o achie-e thi&0 procedure& (u&t be e&tab.i&hed *or recordin+ and
reportin+ on the )uantit,0 .ocation and condition o* co((oditie&0 here and hen
the, i.. (o-e ne;t0 and ho i& re&pon&ib.e *or the( at each &ta+e. #hi& re)uire&
a &et o* re)ui&ition *or(&0 a,bi..&0 &tock record&0 and reportin+ *or(at&.
414
An, .o+i&tic& p.annin+ (u&t a.&o contain in*or(ation and contro. &,&te(&0
&ince accountabi.it, and (onitorin+ o* per*or(ance a+ain&t rea.i&tic and
continua.., a&&e&&ed &tandard& are i(portant to the &ucce&& o* the operation and
to the donor&. #o achie-e thi&0 procedure& (u&t be e&tab.i&hed *or recordin+ and
reportin+ on the )uantit,0 .ocation and condition o* co((oditie&0 here and hen
the, i.. (o-e ne;t0 and ho i& re&pon&ib.e *or the( at each &ta+e. #hi& re)uire&
a &et o* re)ui&ition *or(&0 a,bi..&0 &tock record&0 and reportin+ *or(at&.
Structure of Relief Logistics
A t,pica. re.ie* a .o+i&tic& &tructure &tart& at the point& o* ori+in (e.+.
producin+ or donor countrie&)0 to one or (ore port& o* entr, (thi& can be both
.and0 &ea or airport&)0 and one or (ore pri(ar, arehou&e& (near the port o*
entr,)0 throu+h to *orard arehou&e& ( *or ho.din+)0 and .a&t., to ter(ina.
&tora+e point& *ro( hich the re.ie* +ood& are tran&*erred to p.ace& o* di&tribution
to the bene*iciarie&. A& a ru.e0 the *urther ,ou +et in thi& .o+i&tic& *.o the &(a..er
the u&ed -ehic.e& i.. be. #he tran&portation (ean& i.. u&ua.., &tart ith &hip&0
train& or aircra*t0 throu+h bi+ truck& ith trai.er& or &e(iAtrai.er&0 to &(a..er truck&
or e-en &(a..er *ourAb,A*our -ehic.e&.
2or a *u..Ab.on .o+i&tic& operation the *o..oin+ *aci.itie& i.. be needed1
o**ice& and ad(ini&trati-e e)uip(ent0 arehou&e& at -ariou& .e-e.&0 *ue. and
&pare& &tore&0 ork&hop&0 -ehic.e park&0 -ehic.e& &uch a& crane&0 tanker& and
car+oAhand.in+ (achine&0 co((unication& e)uip(ent0 and acco((odation&.
#he re&ource& *or a .o+i&tic& operation i.. u&ua.., co(e *ro( a -ariet, or
or+ani&ation&J *ro( one& on or+ani&ation0 *ro( the nationa. authoritie&0 *ro(
re.ie* or+ani&ation&0 or *ro( the pri-ate &ector.
A .ar+e part o* the .o+i&tic& &tructure (a, -er, e.. be an a.read, e;i&tin+0
.oo&e and (u.tiAor+ani?ationa. &tructure that a& bui.t up in the -er, *ir&t pha&e o*
415
the e(er+enc,. #he .oo&ene&& can re&u.t in the .o&& o* co((oditie&0 a& the
&tructure i.. be bui.t up b, i(pro-i&ed (ean&. It i& there*ore i(portantA i* ,ou are
a(on+ the *ir&t onA&iteAto take thi& into account and tr, not to bui.d a .o&&e&
&tructure0 orA i* ,ou arri-e .ater in the e(er+enc,A to take &tep& to or+ani&e the
operation in a (ore ti+ht and accountab.e (anner.
Distribution
'i&tribution to indi-idua.& and *a(i.ie& i& *ir&t o* a.. -er, di**erent *ro( the
re&t o* the .o+i&tic& chain0 and &econd., it create& the bi++e&t prob.e(& o*
di-er&ion o* re.ie* aid. #he e**ecti-ene&& o* the di&tribution depend& on ho
recipient& are cho&en and identi*ied. #he per&on or per&on& in char+e o* thi&
&hou.d a.a,& take into account the co(p.e;it, and hi+h., po.itica. a&pect& hich
it entai.&. !r+ani&ation&0 ith the ta&k o* di&tribution0 (u&t ha-e e;ten&i-e
e;perience in thi& *ie.d a& e.. a& bein+ po.itica.., independent.
The UN
#he re&pon&ib.e $% repre&entati-e& ($%'7#0 :260 $%H"8 or other&)
(a, e.. be in the proce&& o*0 or ha-e a.read, e&tab.i&hed a .o+i&tic& &tructure
nor(a.., .ed b, :26 in the ear., &ta+e& o* an e(er+enc,. #hi& i.. u&ua.., be to
a&&i&t the +o-ern(ent in their .o+i&tic& e**ort&. #he $% 8e&identF Hu(anitarian
"oordinator &hou.d be prepared to de&i+nate a tran&portF .o+i&tic& &upport +roup0
re&pon&ib.e *or port and airport c.earance0 co((odit, trackin+ and &chedu.in+0
.oca. procure(ent o* +ood& and e)uip(ent0 -ehic.e a..ocation0 (ana+e(ent and
(aintenance0 dri-er &upport and pa,(ent0 and &tora+e.
9;terna. procure(ent procedure& i.. u&ua.., be hand.ed b, the re.e-ant
a+encie&0 hi.e procedure& inAcountr, &hou.d be .aid don b, the re.e-ant $%
or+ani&ation& be*ore e(er+encie&. It i& i(portant that a.. &ta** are *a(i.iar ith the
orderin+ &,&te(0 and that ca&h hand.in+ i& &,&te(a&ti&ed in an operationa.
416
*a&hion0 that doe& not .a, unnece&&ar, con&traint& on operationa. a&pect&. InA
countr, $% per&onne. ($%'7#0 :260 $%I"920 $%H"8 etc.) i.. nor(a.., be
*a(i.iar ith the .oca. cu&to(& procedure& and i.. be ab.e to he.p ith the&e.
National Authorities
A& in other area& o* re.ie* ork0 it i& -ita. that there i& a c.o&e re.ation&hip
ith the nationa. authoritie& hen carr,in+ out .o+i&tica. operation&. #he *o..oin+
ha-e pro-ed to be centra. in the re.ation&hip ith +o-ern(ent& and the
e**ecti-ene&& o* .o+i&tica. operation&1
A+ree(ent o-er the *or( and content o* the (a&ter co((odit, (ana+e(ent
p.an.
A+ree(ent on the a+enc,[& authorit, to contro. co((odit, (o-e(ent and
di&tribution.
A+ree(ent on &ettin+ up co((unication& netork& (e.+. radio0 te.e;0 and
&ate..ite).
Arran+e(ent& *or tra-e. to and in re&tricted area&.
A pub.ic co((it(ent to the &ecurit, o* a+enc, &ta**0 and action to be taken in
the e-ent o* &peci*ic incident&.
$&e o* a+enc, re&ource& in &upport o* the authoritie& in the e-ent o* &peci*ic
e(er+encie&.
'ut,A*reeF ta;ation e;e(pt &tatu& *or a.. e)uip(ent and con&u(ab.e&.
2a-ourab.e *orei+n e;chan+e rate&.
9ar., a+ree(ent on the &trate+, *or pha&e o-er o* the operation to nationa.
authoritie&.
417
)#2# )o=istics OCerCie:s
Emergency Logistics
9(er+enc, .o+i&tic& i& a \&,&te(& e;erci&e\ and re)uire&1
'e.i-er, o* the appropriate &upp.ie& in +ood condition0 hen and here the,
are needed
A ide ran+e o* tran&port0 o*ten i(pro-i&ed at the .oca. .e-e.
<i(ited0 rapid0 and &peci*ic de.i-erie& *ro( out&ide the area
A &,&te( o* prioriti?in+ -ariou& re.ie* input&
/torin+0 &ta+in+0 and (o-in+ bu.k co((oditie&
7o-in+ peop.e
6o&&ib.e (i.itar, in-o.-e(ent in .o+i&tic& &upport
(e&pecia.., in ca&e& o* ci-i. con*.ict).
7ain *actor& in the operatin+ en-iron(ent hich &hape the re&pon&e are1
"apacit, o* the in*ra&tructure
6o.itic& o* the &ituation
"i-i. con*.ict in the area o* operation&
9**ecti-e p.annin+ *or .o+i&tic& pro+ra((e& re)uire& both i(p.e(entation
and operation& p.an& a& e.. a& in*or(ation and contro. &,&te(&.
Internationa. in-o.-e(ent in .o+i&tic& operation& -arie& +reat., *ro(
&ituation to &ituation. Hoe-er0 &o(e or a.. o* the *o..oin+ u&ua.., co(pri&e the
418
re&ponder&0 e.+. $%'60 'HA0 :260 $%H"80 $%I"920 :H!0 I"8"0 I28"0
%4!&0 and increa&in+.,0 the (i.itar,.
(tructure and Or=ani;ation of Emer=encD )o=istics
#he &tructure and or+ani?ation o* .o+i&tic& i& ba&ed on the &upp., chain.
"o(ponent& o* thi& chain are the *o..oin+1
6ort o* entr,
6ri(ar, arehou&e
2orard arehou&e
#er(ina. &tora+e point
#here (u&t be &upport b, ade)uate *aci.itie& and e)uip(ent to carr, out
the *o..oin+ *unction&1
7ana+e(ent
"entra. &upport
procure(ent
port c.earance
:arehou&eF &tora+e
#ran&port
/chedu.in+
"o((unication&
"o((odit, contro.
'i&tribution contro.
#hree t,pe& o* or+ani&ation &tructure&1
419
<oo&e &tructure& ((u.tiAor+ani&ationa. &tructure& )uick., de-e.oped *o..oin+
a &udden e(er+enc,)
$nitar, &tructure& ( a &tructure contro..ed b, a &in+.e unit ith a &in+.e
indi-idua. u.ti(ate., re&pon&ib.e)
4o-ern(ent &tructure& (e.+. tran&port and arehou&e &er-ice& pro-ided b,
the +o-ern(ent)
DeCelopment $olicD and %elief )o=istics
9(er+enc, re.ie* .o+i&tic& and de-e.op(ent po.ic, (atter& are c.o&e.,
re.ated. 6.annin+ *or re.ie* a& e.. a& reco-er, capacit, i.. re)uire1
$p+radin+ pri-ate tran&port
6rotection o* -ita. &upp.ie&
$p+radin+ o* e&&entia. tran&port route&
In-e&t(ent in &tora+e and hand.in+ *aci.itie&
#rainin+ pro+ra((e&
<ar+e &ca.e .o+i&tic& operation& ha-e ide&pread &ocia. and econo(ic
i(pact& hich &hou.d be con&idered *ro( the &tart.
Logistics preparedness
<o+i&tica. a&pect& &hou.d be co-ered in nationa. preparedne&& p.an& and
.o+i&tica. operation& &hou.d be trained. #he better the preparedne&& the (ore
e**ecti-e the .o+i&tica. re&pon&e to an e(er+enc,. #here are ro.e& *or both the
$%'7# and the nationa. authoritie& in e&tab.i&hin+ .o+i&tic& preparedne&&.
<o+i&tic& p.annin+ re)uire& a throu+h ana.,&i& o* in*ra&tructure
-u.nerabi.it,.
420
A re-ie& o* a-ai.ab.e &trate+ic re&ource& i.. inc.ude1
>ui.din+ an in-entor,
8e-iein+ the (ean& o* tran&port
9;a(inin+ &ite&
'eter(inin+ the a-ai.abi.it, o* &pare part&
8e-iein+ port and airport capacit,
9;p.orin+ other tran&port option&.
9;i&tin+ +o-ern(ent e(er+enc, .o+i&tic& p.an& and preparedne&& &hou.d
a.&o be re-ieed.
:here re)uired0 .oca. in*ra&tructure and in&titution& &hou.d be acti-e.,
&tren+thened a& a preparedne&& (ea&ure& b,1
6h,&ica. protection o* ke, &tructure&
6rotection o* &upp., &,&te(&
9n&urin+ a-ai.abi.it, o* -ehic.e& and &ta**
9n&urin+ capacit, at port& and airport&
9&tab.i&hin+ *inancia. preparedne&&
"oordination &tructure& and in*or(ation &,&te(& &hou.d be in p.ace in
ad-ance o* an, e(er+enc,. #he&e i.. he.p in the coordination o*1
9(er+enc, in*or(ation &,&te(&
Internationa. re)ue&t&
#rackin+ re.ie* &upp.ie& and p.ed+e&
Specific Preparedness Tas(s
421
Ad(ini&trati-e and e)uip(ent &upport &hou.d be pro-ided *or b, the $%
8e&identF Hu(anitarian "oordinator throu+h the e&tab.i&h(ent o* an interna. or
&hared .o+i&tic& &upport +roup.
>a&ic &upport &,&te(& &hou.d be preApacka+ed to the e;tent po&&ib.e0
inc.udin+.
#e.eco((unication& &,&te(&
6rocure(ent procedure&
"u&to(& arran+e(ent&
"o((oditie& packa+in+ &tandard&
/ecurit, arran+e(ent&
"ontro..in+ and (onitorin+ &,&te(& &hou.d be de&i+ned in ad-ance.
7ateria.&0 per&onne.0 and p.an& *or i((ediate re&pon&e to &udden
e(er+encie& &hou.d be preAarran+ed and &hou.d inc.ude1
A&&e&&(ent need&
\.i*e.ine\ &upport
8e.ation& ith +o-ern(ent (u&t be c.o&e. A.. a&pect& o* preparedne&&
p.an& &hou.d be throu+h di&cu&&ed.
#ran&*er and ter(ination o* .o+i&tic& operation& (u&t be p.anned *or *ro(
the be+innin+.
)#3# )o=istics Assessment Checklist
422
I* there i& a need *or the $%'A" tea( to carr, out an a&&e&&(ent o*
.o+i&tic& capacitie&0 a check.i&t to a&&i&t in thi& ta&k i& +i-en be.o1
2# Airports
2.
Identi*, the airport bein+ a&&e&&ed b,1
A %a(e
A 'e&i+nator
A <ocation
A 9.e-ation
'e&cribe the current condition o* *aci.itie&
A&certain hether the airport i& *u.., operationa.. 'a,.i+ht hour& on.,K
2urni&h in*or(ation on u&ab.e runa, .en+th& and .ocation (&)
'eter(ine hether ta;ia,&0 parkin+ area&0 and car+o hand.in+ area& are
intact.
9&tab.i&h hether runa, and approach .i+ht& are operatin+.
/peci*, hich na-i+ationa. aid& are operatin+
'e&cribe a-ai.ab.e co((unication& *aci.itie&
'eter(ine hether the ter(ina. bui.din+ i& operatin+.
"heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* a-iation *ue.
2ind out i* *aci.itie& e;i&t *or (andator, aircre re&t
9;p.ore hether the car+o hand.in+ area can be .it *or ni+ht car+o operation&
'eter(ine hat car+o hand.in+ e)uip(ent i& a-ai.ab.e0 inc.udin+ *ue. and
operator&1
A 2ork.i*t& (nu(ber0 capacit,)
A /ci&&or& .i*t (capacit,)
A "ar+o do..ie& (nu(ber)
A #ruck& ith dri-er& and .aborer& *or hand un.oadin+
423
'eter(ine hat &tartAup e)uip(ent i& a-ai.ab.e0 inc.udin+ *ue. and operator&.
'e&cribe (aintenance operation& (*aci.itie&0 per&onne.0 hour&).
!ut.ine hat &tora+e i& a-ai.ab.e1
A "o-eredK
A At the airportK !** airportK Ho *arK
A "apacit, and &uitabi.it, *or &tora+e o* *ood& or other peri&hab.e&.
2# CiCil ACiation
2ind our hether arran+e(ent& can be (ade *or pro(pt o-er *.i+ht and
.andin+ c.earance&.
A&certain that the air contro..er &er-ice i& *unctionin+.
/peci*, orkin+ hour& *or airport per&onne..
9;p.ore ha-in+ \noAob=ection&\ *ee& or \ro,a.t,\ *ee& ai-ed or paid .oca..,.
2ind out i* arran+e(ent& can be (ade to ork around the c.ock0 inc.udin+
cu&to(&.
Identi*, per&onne. to ta.., and docu(ent car+o a& it i& recei-ed and
tran&&hipped.
A&certain that the ho&t +o-ern(ent i.. accept de.i-erie& b, (ean& o* (i.itar,
a& e.. a& ci-i. aircra*t.
'e&cribe &ecurit, arran+e(ent&.
'eter(ine hat repair& andFor au;i.iar, e)uip(ent ou.d be needed to
increa&e airport capacit,. Ho &oon an .oca. authoritie& be e;pected to
re&tore &er-iceK
'eter(ine i* there are an, .oca. air carrier&0 their a-ai.abi.it,0 and their rate&.
3# AlternatiCe Aircraft
424
Identi*, and u&ab.e airport& or &uitab.e he.icopter .andin+ &ite& in the di&a&ter
?one.
'eter(ine the .oca. a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* he.icopter& and or *i;ed in+
aircra*t.
9&ti(ate their capacit,.
Identi*, the oner&F a+ent&.
'eter(ine the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* *ue.
.# (eaports
Identi*, the port bein+ a&&e&&ed b, 1
A %a(e and .ocation.
A "urrent de&cription o* the condition o* the *aci.itie&.
A :hether the port i& *u.., operationa.. 'a,.i+ht hour& on.,K
A /ecurit, *ence&F *aci.itie&.
A 6ercenta+e o* port .o&&e& reported.
A "o..ection *or port .o&&e& po&&ib.eK
'eter(ine hether the di&a&ter ha& a.tered an, o* the *o..oin+ ph,&ica.
characteri&tic& o* the port1
A 'epth o* approach channe.&0
A Harbor.
A #urnin+ ba&in.
A A.on+&ide pier&F har-e&.
A A-ai.abi.it, o* .i+hter&.
'eter(ine hether the di&a&ter ha& b.ocked or da(a+ed port *aci.itie&1
A <ock&.
A "ana.&.
A 6ier&F har*&.
A /hed&.
425
A >rid+e&.
A :aterF *ue. &tora+e *aci.itie&.
A "o((unication& *aci.itie&.
A "u&to(& *aci.itie&.
'e&cribe the berth&1
A %u(ber.
A <en+th.
A 'ra*t a.on+&ide (hi+h tide and .o tide).
A /er-ed b, rai.K 8oadK /hed&K <i+hter& on.,K
A A-ai.abi.it,.
A "heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* *ue..
A 'eter(ine hat car+o hand.in+ e)uip(ent i& a-ai.ab.e0 inc.udin+
condition0 *ue.0 and operator&.
A Hea-, .i*t crane& (nu(ber0 capacit,).
A "ontainer and pa..et hand.in+ (ith port e)uip(entK :ith &hip[& +ear
on.,K).
!ut.ine hat &tora+e i& a-ai.ab.e1
A "o-eredK
A Hand&tand &paceK
A "apacit,K
A Oua.it,K
A /ecurit,K
2ind out i* pi.ot&0 tu+&0 and .ine hand.er& are a-ai.ab.e.
/peci*, the orkin+ hour& *or the port.
/peci*, the orkin+ hour& *or cu&to(&.
'eter(ine hether arran+e(ent& can be (ade ith the port and ho&tA
countr, authoritie& to obtain priorit, berthin+ *or -e&&e.& de.i-erin+ di&a&ter
re.ie* &hip(ent&.
426
Identi*, an ade)uate nu(ber o* per&onne. to ta.., and docu(ent car+o a& it i&
recei-ed and tran&&hipped.
"heck the hi&tor, o* turno-er ti(e. :hat e**ect ha& the di&a&ter had on
turno-er ti(eK
'eter(ine hat repair& and F or au;i.iar, e)uip(ent ou.d be needed to
increa&e the port[& capacit,. Ho &oon can .oca. authoritie& be e;pected to
re&tore &er-iceK
8# "ransfer $oints
Identi*, tran&*er point& b, .ocation.
'eter(ine hether &ur*ace tran&portation *or car+o i& a-ai.ab.e *ro( airport&
and &eaport&1
A 8oadK
A 8ai.roadK
A "ana.Fri-erK
9&ti(ate the capacit, o* tran&*er point&0 inc.udin+ hand.in+.
!ut.ine hat &tora+e i& a-ai.ab.e.
'e&cribe &ecurit, arran+e(ent&.
Identi*, and ade)uate nu(ber o* per&onne. to recei-e and docu(ent car+o
*or tran&&hip(ent.
1# "ruckin=
'e&cribe da(a+e to the road netork a& it re.ate& to the po&&ibi.it, o*
de.i-erin+ re.ie* &upp.ie& b, truck.
427
Indicate an, re&triction&0 &uch a& ei+ht0 idth0 .en+th0 or hei+ht .i(itation& at
brid+e&0 tunne.&0 etc.
'eter(ine hether it i& po&&ib.e to b,pa&& da(a+ed &ection& o* the road
netork and hat ei+ht re&triction& ou.d app.,.
'eter(ine hether container& can be (o-ed in.and.
A 20A*ood or 40A*oot container &i?e&K
A #o the di&a&ter &ite or to a tran&*er pointK
"heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* truck& oned b, the +o-ern(ent o* the
a**ected countr,.
"heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* $%F6E!F%4!FI! oned or operated
-ehic.e&.
"heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* co((ercia. -ehic.e&.
'eter(ine the t,pe&0 &i?e&0 and nu(ber o* co((ercia. -ehic.e& a-ai.ab.e.
Dud+e hether the re.ie* pro+ra( cou.d or &hou.d contract *or an, o* the
abo-e truck&. :hat ou.d be the *rei+ht rate& per tonK :hat about co..ection
*or .o&&e&K
A&certain that (aintenance *aci.itie& and &pare part& are a-ai.ab.e.
!ut.ine (ea&ure& to pro-ide *or &ecurit, o* car+o in tran&it.
"heck the a-ai.abi.it, and co&t o* *ue..
+# %ailroads
Identi*, and .ocate an, rai.road& in the di&a&terA&tricken area. A&&e&& their
current condition.
'e&cribe an, da(a+e to the e.ectrica. poer &,&te(.
Identi*, and interdiction&A da(a+ed brid+e& and track&0 *a..en tree&0 etc.
Dud+e the re.iabi.it, o* the rai. &,&te(.
428
'eter(ine hether car& can be (ade a-ai.ab.e *or re.ie* &hip(ent& on a
priorit, ba&i&.
'eter(ine the capacit, and co&t o* rai. &hip(ent&.
!ut.ine &ecurit, (ea&ure& to protect car+o in tran&it.
3# 6arehousin=
Identi*, unda(a+ed or da(a+ed but u&ab.e arehou&e& .ocated in
rea&onab.e pro;i(it, to the di&a&ter &ite.
'eter(ine the capacit, o* the&e arehou&e&.
'eter(ine their a-ai.abi.it, o-er a &peci*ic period o* ti(e.
/peci*, hether the arehou&e& are +o-ern(ent0 $%F6E!F%E!FI!0 or
pri-ate., oned.
'eter(ine hether the, are &ta**ed or not.
'eter(ine the co&t per &)uare (ater.
A&&e&& the ade)uac, o* the arehou&e&[ con&truction1
A Eenti.ation.
A <i+htin+.
A Hard *.oor.
A 2ireproo*in+.
A <oadin+ dock&.
A "ondition o* roo* (check durin+ da,).
'e&cribe .oadin+F un.oadin+ e)uip(ent that i& a-ai.ab.e1
A 6a..et&.
A 2ork.i*t& and *ue. *or the(.
A&certain that ade)uate &ecurit, e;i&t&1
A 6eri(eter *ence.
A <i+htin+.
429
A 4uard&.
'eter(ine hether an, re*ri+eration i& a-ai.ab.e.
'eter(ine hether &ortin+ and repacka+in+ *aci.itie& e;i&t.
'eter(ine hether *u(i+ation i& nece&&ar, and i* it i& a-ai.ab.e *or *ood0
(edicine&0 etc.
I* a&&e&&in+ a *unctionin+ arehou&e0 deter(ine1
A Accountin+ and record keepin+ procedure&.
A >inF&tock card& on pi.e& (the, (u&t (atch the arehou&e re+i&ter.
A 6h,&ica. in-entor, check& at rando( inter-a.&.
A $&e o* a,bi..&.
A /tackin+ (ethod&.
A /pacin+ &,&te( beteen ro&.
A ".ean.ine&&.
A "o((odit, hand.in+ &,&te(.
A 8econ&titution o* da(a+ed +ood&.
A 6ro(pt di&po&a. o* da(a+ed +ood&.
A 2ir&t inF*ir&t out &,&te(.

430
,# Climate and "errain
,#2# *ntroduction
#hi& chapter cannot pro-ide a or.d +eo+raph,0 it can on.,. It can on.,
&u((ari?e t,pe& o* c.i(ate and terrain. It i& -ita. to re&earch condition& in area&
the $%'A" tea( (a, operate in0 but kno.ed+e o* c.i(ate ?one& i.. he.p i*
accident thro& ,ou into un*a(i.iar territor,
#e(perate c.i(ate& co-er (uch o* the +.obe0 and o**er the be&t chance&
*or *unctionin+ ithout &pecia. &ki..& or kno.ed+e. #he&e territorie& are a.&o the
(o&t hea-i., urbani&ed. Hea-, inter condition& (a, ca.. *or po.ar &ki..&.
,#2# Climate and "errain 0ones
6o.ar 8e+ion&1 Arctic0 Antarctic0 northern territorie& o* A.a&ka0 "anada0
4reen.and0 <e.and0 /candina-ia and the *or(er $//80 but co.d eather &ki..&
(a, be needed at hi+h a.titude& e-er,here
#undra1 #ree.e&& ?one &outh o* the po.ar cap. #he &ub&oi. i& per(anent.,
*ro?en and -e+etation &tunted.
%orthern "oni*erou& 2ore&t1 $6 to 1300k( 9800(i.e&) deep0 .ie& beteen
arctic tundra and te(perate .and&. :inter& are .on+ and &e-er. #ree& and p.ant&
*.ouri&h a.on+ the +reat ri-er& that *.o to the Arctic !cean. 4a(e0 ran+in+ *ro(
e.k and bear to &)uirre.& and bird&0 i& p.enti*u.. 7e.ted &no create& &a(p& in
the brie* &u((er. 2a..en tree& and den&e +roth (ake the +oin+ di**icu.t and
(o&)uitoe& can be a nui&ance. 7o-e(ent i& ea&ier in inter. 8a-e. a.on+ the
ri-er&0 here *i&hin+ i& +ood0 (akin+ a ra*t *ro( dead *a...
431
'eciduou& 2ore&t1 !ak0 beech0 (ap.e and hickor, are the (ain &pecie& in
A(ericaJ oak0 beech0 che&tnut and .i(e0 in 9ura&ia. #he rich &oi. &upport& (an,
p.ant&. /ur-i-a. i& ea&,0 e;cept in -er, hi+h a.titude& here tundra or &no*ie.d
condition& app.,.
#e(perate 4ra&&.and1 2ound in centra. continenta. area& o* %orth A(erica
and 9ura&ia. Hot &u((er&0 cou.d inter& and (oderate rain*a.. ha-e (ade
the&e the +reat *ood producin+ area&.
7editerranean 8e+ion&1 <and& borderin+ the 7editerranean are &e(iAarid0
ith .on+ hot &u((er& and &hort dr, inter&. #ree& are *e0 ater i& &carce.
#ropica. =un+.e1 9)uatoria. rain =un+.e0 &ubtropica. rain *ore&t and (ountain
*ore&t a.. *eature hi+h rain*a.. and ru++ed (ountain&0 hich drain into .ar+e0 &i*tA
*.oin+ ri-er&0 ith coa&ta. and .oA.,in+ re+ion& a& &a(p .and.
/a-annah1 #ropica. +ra&&.and *ound in Au&tra.ia0 Eene?ue.a0 "o.o(bia0
>ra?i. and A*rica. 4ra&& +ro& up to 3( 910 *t). #e(perature& are hi+h a.. ,ear
round. :ater i& ca&erne0 but here it i& *ound there i.. be .u&h -e+etation and
p.ent, o* i.d.i*e.
'e&ert1 !neA*i*th *i*th earthH& .and &ur*ace i& de&ert0 o* hich on., &(a..
part& are &andJ (o&t i& *.at +ra-e. cut b, driedAup ater cour&e& (adi&). Eer,
hi+h te(perature& occur b, da,0 *a..in+ to be.o *ree?in+ at ni+ht. /ur-i-a. i&
di**icu.t.
Hi+h A.titude 7ountain& #here are .ar+e portion o* "entra. A&ia and the
Hi(a.a,an 8e+ion a& e.. a& (ountain ran+e& in /outh A(erica here there i&
&i+ni*icant habitation in hi+h a.titude (ountainou& area& i.e. o-er 100000 *eet.
2unctionin+ at the&e a.titude& (ean& nor(a.., takin+ into account .o
432
at(o&pheric pre&&ure0 e;tre(e cou.d and &tron+ ind&. /uch area& re)uire
&pecia. acc.i(ati?ation procedure&.
,#3 $olar %e=ions
:inter te(perature& are e.. be.o *ree?in+ and hurricane *orce ind&
can hip &no 30 ( (100 *t) into the air. A 32 k(ph (20(ph) ind brin+& a A14
0
c
(5
0
2) ther(o(eter readin+ don to an actua. te(perature o* I34
0
" (A30
0
2 ).
'a,& -ar, *ro( tota. darkne&& (idAinter to 24Ahour& da,.i+ht (id&u((er.
,#3#2 "raCel
9&tab.i&h &he.ter a& near to the aircra*t or -ehic.e a& po&&ib.e. 7o-e on., i*
re&cue i(probab.e. "o.d du..& the (ind 6.an hi.e ,ou can &ti.. think c.ear.,.
%a-i+ation i& di**icu.t in *eature.e&& terrain0 and the +oin+ treacherou&. 'onHt
(o-e in a b.i??ard. /ea ice turn& to &.u&h in &u((er and the tundra i& bo++,.
'onHt (ake &he.ter near ater0 the habitat o* b.ack *.,0 (o&)uito and deer*.,.
"o-er &kin0 ear a net o-er the head and burn +reen ood to keep the( at
da,.
,#3#2 NaCi=ation
"o(pa&&e& are unre.iab.e near the 6o.e& &o be +uided b, the con&te..ation&
and tra-e. b, ni+ht. >, da, u&e the &hado &tick (ethod.
'o not u&e iceber+& or di&tant .and(ark& to *i; direction1 *.oe& (o-e
con&tant.,0 and re.ati-e po&ition& chan+e. I* breakin+ ice *orce& ,ou to
another *.oe0 .eap *ro( and to a &pot at .ea&t 60c( (2*t) *ro( the ed+e.
!b&er-e bird&1 in the tha i.d*o. *., to .andJ &eabird& *., out to &ea b, da,0
returnin+ at ni+ht.
433
".oud& o-er open ater0 ti(ber or &noA*ree +round appear b.ack be.oJ o-er
&ea ice and &noA*ie.d&0 hite. %e ice produce& +ra,i&h re*.ection&0 (ott.ed
one& indicate pack ice or dri*ted &no.
2o..o ri-er&1 tra-e. don&trea( I b, ra*t or on ice e;cept in %. /iberia here
ri-er& *.o north. !n *ro?en ri-er& keep to ed+e& and outer cur-e on bend&.
:here ri-er& =oin *o..o the out&ide ed+e or take to outer bank. I* ri-er ha&
(an, bend&0 take to .and.
!"9A"!<' :A#98 I/ A CI<<98. 2a..in+ in to ic, ater knock& the breath
out o* ,ou. #he bod, .o&e& (u&cu.arJ contro.0 con&ciou&ne&& *ade& death
*o..o& in 15A20 (inute&0 89/I/#Q #ake action. 7o-e *a& *or .and. 8o.. in
&no to ab&orb ater. 4et to &he.ter andJ dr, kit at once.
,#3#3 Clothin=
/e-ere co.d *ree?e& e;po&ed *.e&h in (inute&. "o-er e-er, part o* the
bod,. :ear a dra&trin+ hoodJ a *ur tri( pre-ent& breath *ree?in+ on the *ace and
in=urin+ the &kin. I* c.othin+ ha& no dra&trin+0 tie &.ee-e& abo-e cu**&0 tuck
trou&er& in to pre-ent heat e&capin+. I* ,ou &eat0 .oo&en co..ar or cu**&. !r
re(o-e a .a,er.
!uter +ar(ent& &hou.d be ind proo*0 but not aterproo*0 hich cou.d trap
-apour in&ide I ani(a. &kin& are idea.. $nder .a,er& &hou.d trap air *or
in&u.ation. :oo. i& be&t *or inner +ar(ent&. It doe& not ab&orb ater and i& ar(
e-en hen da(p. "otton ab&orb& (oi&ture and rapid., .o&e& heat hen e&t.
,#3#8 (helter
7uk.uk&0 aterproo* can-a& boot& ith rubber &o.e&0 are idea.. #he, &hou.d
ha-e an in&u.ated .iner.
434
:ear 3 pair& o* &ock&0 +raded in &i?e to *it o-er each other and not rink.e.
#o i(pro-i&e *ootear u&e .a,er& o* *abric. "an-a& &eat co-er& (ake +ood
boot&.
/%!: /H!9/J /kiin+ i& *ine *or *ir( &no but &no &hoe& are be&t in &o*t
&no. <i*t each *oot ithout an+.in+ it0 keepin+ &hoe a& *.at to the +round a&
po&&ib.e.
,#3#8 (helter
4et out o* the indQ <ook *or natura. &he.ter to i(pro-e on0 but a-oid &ite&
here a &nodri*t0 a-a.anche or rock *a.. (i+ht bur. ,ou. A-oid &no A.aden
tree& (branche& (a, *a..) un.e&& .oer bou+h& are &upported.
'onHt b.ock e-er, ho.e a+ain&t drau+ht&. Gou (u&t ha-e -enti.ation0
e&pecia.., i* ,our &he.ter ha& a *ire.
".!.<.'. #he ke, to keepin+ :A87
Ceep it ".eanA'irt and +rea&e b.ock air &pace&Q
A-oid !-erheatin+AEenti.ateQ
:ear it <oo&eAA..o air to circu.ateQ
Ceep it 'r,Aout&ide and in&ideQ
,#3#1# Fire
2ue. &ource& are .i(ited1 dri*tood0 &ea. and bird *at0 *ue. *ro( recka+e I in
e;tre(e co.d drain oi. *ro( &u(p be*ore it con+ea.&. "an be u&ed &o.id i*
drained on +round. Hi+hAoctane *ue. can be .e*t in the tank&.
!n the tundra0 i..o0 birch &crub and =uniper (a, be *ound.
"a&iope i& a .o0 &preadin+ heather .ike p.ant ith tin, .ea-e& and hite be..A
&haped *.oer&. It contain& &o (uch re&in it burn& hen et.
,#3#+ 6ater
435
In &u((er ater i& p.enti*u.. 6ond ater (a, .ook bron and ta&te bracki&h
but -e+etation +roin+ in it keep& it *re&h. I* in doubt0 boi. it.
In inter (e.t ice and &no. 'o not eat cru&hed ice0 it can in=ure ,our (outh
and cau&e *urther deh,dration. #ha &no& enou+h to (ou.d into a ba..
be*ore &uckin+ it.
8e(e(ber I i* ,ou are a.read, co.d and tired0 eatin+ &no i.. *urther chi..
,our bod,.
,#3#3# Arctic Health
2ro&tbite0 h,pother(ia and &no b.indne&& are the (ain ha?ard&. 9**ort& to
e;c.ude drau+ht& in &he.ter& can .ead to .ack o* o;,+en and carbon (ono;ide
poi&onin+.
#hinkin+ can beco(e &.u++i&h. Ceep a.ert and acti-e0 but a-oid *ati+ue and
con&er-e ener+, *or u&e*u. ta&k&. /.eep a& (uch a& po&&ib.e I ,ou ant
*ree?e in ,our &.eep un.e&& ,ou are &o e;hau&ted ,ou cannot re+enerate the
heat ,ou .o&e to the air. 9;erci&e *in+er& and toe& to i(pro-e circu.ation.
#ake precaution& a+ain&t *ro&tbite.
'onHt put o** de*ecation I thi& can cau&e con&tipation. #r, to ti(e it
con-enient., be*ore .ea-in+ ,our &he.ter &o ,ou can take a&te out ith ,ou.
/no +.are can cau&e b.indne&&. 6rotect the e,e& ith +o++.e& or a &trip o*
c.oth or dark ith narro &.it& cut *or e,e&. >.acken underneath the e,e ith
charcoa. to reduce +.are *urther.
,#.#Hi=h Altitude %e=ions
,#.#2# 4eneral
It i& po&&ib.e that $%'A" (i&&ion& (a, take ,ou to a.titude& o-er 9000
*eet. #he&e are con&idered Hi+h A.titude 8e+ion& and &pecia. attention to ,our
e.. bein+ ha& to be paid in &uch area&.
436
,#.#2 Effects of Hi=h Altitude
In (edica. ter(& Hi+h A.titude i& +enera.., accepted to be hei+ht& abo-e
9000 *t (2700()0 and the re&u.tant (edica. condition& are a&&ociated ith the&e
a.titude&. !n the other hand0 9;tre(e A.titude i& re+arded a& tho&e area& abo-e
18000A19000 *t (5500A5800(). :hi.e (an ha& &ur-i-ed0 and .i-ed at e;tre(e
a.titude& there i& no &ucce&&*u. and per(anent acc.i(ati?ation *or &uch a.titude&.
#here i& a po&&ibi.it, o* $%'A" tea(& bein+ re)uired to operate in Hi+h A.titude&
and &o an under&tandin+ o* the hea.th para(eter& o* &uch terrain i& e&&entia..
In&u**icient o;,+en in the rare*ied air at Hi+h A.titude i(po&e& certain
&tre&&e& on the hu(an bod,. And to o-erco(e tho&e &o(e identi*iab.e
ph,&io.o+ica. chan+e& occur hich0 i* &ucce&&*u.0 .ead to &ati&*actor,
acc.i(ati?ation o* the &o.der. 2ai.ure to do &o cou.d pro-e .i*e threatenin+. !ther
than the co.d and the rare*ied at(o&phere0 other contributor& to i..ne&&e& pecu.iar
to Hi+h A.titude are .o hu(idit,0 &o.ar and u.tra-io.et radiation.
A.thou+h there i& a& ,et no uni-er&a. c.a&&i*ication o* Hi+h A.titude (edica.
prob.e(0 e;perience at the&e hei+ht& a..o& a tentati-e .i&tin+. /hou.d the
proce&& o* acc.i(ati?ation be a**ected in an, a,0 the i..ne&&e& cou.d -ar, *ro(
the acute to the chronic1
Acute (ountain /ickne&& (A7/)1 a throbbin+ *ronta. headache that i&
a++ra-ated b, e;ertion and particu.ar., in the (ornin+& i& the co((one&t
ai.(ent. !ther &,(pto(& inc.ude (a.ai&e0 .a&&itude0 di&inc.ination to ork0
.o&& o* appetite0 nau&ea -o(itin+0 &hortne&& o* breath on e;ertion and
di&turbed &.eep. I* untreated thi& (a, pro+re&& toA
Hi+h a.titude pu.(ona, !ede(a (HA6!0. "au&ed pri(ari., b, rapid a&cent0
co.d0 reAentr, and e;ertion0 it i& potentia.., .i*e threatenin+. >e+innin+ ith a
headache there i& bod, ache0 cou+h0 breath.e&&ne&& on e;ertion hich i&
437
pro+re&&i-e0 nonAan+ina. che&t pain0 anore;ia0 di&turbed &.eep0 -o(itin+ and
+iddine&&. At ti(e& a *e-er (a, be the pre&entin+ &,(pto(. In &e-ere
ca&e& there (a, be a&&ociated &,(pto(& o*A
Hi+h a.titude cerebra. !eade(a (HA"!00 the (o&t dreaded but a.&o the .ea&t
co((on o* hi+h a.titude i..ne&&e&. #he on&et i& ith A7/0 and the a.teration
o* con&ciou&ne&& i& the (o&t i(portant *eature o* HA"!. "o(p.aint& o*
di(ne&& o* -i&ion0 di??ine&&0 -o(itin+ and hich (a, pro+re&& to &tupor and
co(a.
6u.(onar, Arteria. h,perten&ion o* Hi+h A.titude1 #he on&et i& u&ua.., ith
e**ort into.erance0 an+ina. che&t pain0 haenopt,&i& and &e..in+ o* Jthe *eet
and *ace a.on+ ith di(inution in the urine output.
"hronic 7ountain /ickne&& i& .ar+e., re&tricted to ,oun+ or (idd.eAa+ed (en
and particu.ar., a(on+&t &(oker&. And the ear., and do(inant &,(pto(&
are re*erab.e to the centra. ner-ou& &,&te( ith headache0 &o(no.ence0
.o&& o* (e(or,0 di??ine&&0 parae&the&ia& and neurop&,chiatric &,(pto(&.
!ther& &,(pto(& inc.ude e**ort into.erance. >.eedin+ (ani*e&tation& and
.ater a.&o (i.d cardiac *ai.ure.
Hi+h a.titude i..ne&& unre.ated to acc.i(ati?ation
Hi+h a.titude 8etinopath,1 About a third to a.(o&t ha.* o* tho&e e;po&ed to
e;tre(e hi+h a.titude& are .ike., to be a**ected b, retina. he(orrha+e&.
:hi.e the e;act cau&e i& not knon0 there i& an increa&e in retina. b.ood *.o
ith -a&odi.atation. In addition0 &udden &ur+e& in b.ood pre&&ure on e;ertion
(, a++ra-ate or precipitate retina. he(orrha+e. It can be re&o.-ed
&pontaneou&.,.
/no >.indne&& i& .e&& co((on than i& be.ie-ed and i& cau&ed b, the
e;po&ure to u.tra-io.et radiation i& re.ati-e., hi+her at the&e a.titude&0 a& e..
a& the increa&ed re*.ection o* &uch radiation *ro( the &no &ur*ace.
H,pother(ia i& dia+no&ed hen the core bod, te(perature *a..& be.o 35
o
"0
and be.o 25
o
" it i& .etha.. $p to 33
o
" the on&et i& &ubt.e and there i& a
438
decrea&e in &hi-erin+. A& the core te(perature *a..& *urther the indi-idua.
beco(e& care.e&& about hi& c.othin+ .eadin+ to a -iciou& circ.e. #he
indi-idua. beco(e& care.e&& about hi& c.othin+ .eadin+ to a -iciou& circ.e.
#he indi-idua. beco(e& in cooperati-e0 (e(or, i& a**ected0 there i&
&o(no.ence .eadin+ &tupor0 co(a and *ina.., death.
<oca. "o.d In=ur, inc.ude&
a) "hi.. b.ain&1 the nonA*ree?in+ in=ur, to the &kin occur& at te(perature& =u&t
abo-e *ree?in+. #he a**ected part i& red and cau&e& inten&e irritation.
b) #rench 2oot1 #hi& occur& a*ter pro.on+ed contact ith (oi&t co.d &uch a&
ater or (ud at te(perature& abo-e *ree?in+.
c) 2ro&t >ite1 #he (o&t &eriou& o* the&e in=urie& u&ua.., occur& at
te(perature& be.o *ree?in+0 and i& cau&ed b, the *ree?in+ o* e;trace..u.ar
*.uid ith the *or(ation o* ice cr,&ta.&. 2ree?in+ o* ater in the ce..& and
inhibition o* en?,(e &,&te(& a++ra-ate thi&. #he on&et i& u&ua..,
in&idiou& ith pain and nu(bne&& *o..oed b, .o&& o* &en&ation. #he
&e-erit, o* 2ro&t >ite depend& upon the duration o* e;po&ure and the
te(perature0 and at it& (o&t &eriou& can .ead to the .o&& o* .i(b&.
,#.#3 Effects of )o: "emperatures
#he &u((er te(perature& at hi+h a.titude& -arie& *ro( 10
0
" to (inu&
20
0
" the inter a-era+e te(perature bracket i& (inu& 15
0
" to (inu& 350
0
".
/o(eti(e&0 the te(perature& *a.. a& .o a& (inu& 550
0
". #hi& co(bined ith
ind chi.. *actor0 create& e;tre(e &ub ?ero po.ar e**ect& and cau&e&1
a) A .ar+e nu(ber o* co.d in=ur, ca&ua.tie&. It i& e&&entia. to ha-e &pecia.
e;tre(e co.d c.othin+ and &pecia. &he.ter& *or &uch en-iron(ent.
439
b) 2ai.ure o* e)uip(ent .ike radio& becau&e o* co.d arre&t. /pecia.
e;tre(e interi?ed e)uip(ent i& nece&&ar,.
c) 2ai.ure o* Vo-erA&noH -eh& due to *ro?en &,&te(. #hi& re)uire &pecia.
&he.ter&0 (aintenance routine& and e;pert (annin+ o* &uch -ehic.e&.
d) Inabi.it, o* the a-ai.ab.e he.icopter& to be ab.e to undertake (i&&ion ti..
.ate in the (ornin+&0 becau&e o* inabi.it, o* the a+round technica. cre
to do pre*.i+ht &er-icin+.
,#.#. Operational *mperatiCes
#he *o..oin+ operationa. i(perati-e& e(er+e in hi+h a.titude&1
(a) /ur-i-a.. #he *ocu& o* a.. .o+i&tic &upport the&e a.titude& ha& to be *ore(o&t
on &ur-i-a. in the e;tre(e har&h en-iron(ent pro-idin+ the proper c.othin+0
hi+h -a.ue ration& and &a*e and co(*ortab.e &he.ter&. #he en-iron(enta.
ca&ua.tie& rate i& -er, hi+h.
(b) 6&,cho.o+ica. 7oti-ation. A per&on ho under&tand the en-iron(ent0
prepare& *or it proper., and dea.& ith hi& (en ith a po&iti-e *ra(e o* (ind0
i.. &ur-i-e and per*or( e.. in the en-iron(ent. Eer, care*u. and po&iti-e
p&,cho.o+ica. (oti-ation i& e&&entia..
(c) #rainin+. 2or the &pecia. en-iron(ent o* hi+h a.titude&0 preAinduction trainin+
i& a (u&t.
(d) <o+i&tic&. A &ound .o+i&tic& p.an to &upport the tea( co((itted in the
en-iron(ent i& a (u&t. It (u&t inte+rate a.. .o+i&tic& re&ource& and pro-ide *or
ade)uate &a*et, (ar+in&0 to pro-ide *or di&ruption& due to pro.on+ed &pe..& o*
bad eather and other en-iron(enta. ha?ard& .ike a-a.anche&.
(e) Acc.i(ati&ation. It i& i(perati-e *or a.. per&onne. operatin+ at hi+h a.titude& to
acc.i(ati&e. #here i& no cure *or hi+h A.titude &ickne&&e& &uch a& pu.(onar,
oede(a e;cept (o-in+ the per&on to be.o 10.000 *eet.
(*) <o+i&tic& Air /upport. #he .i*e.ine and the tactica. capabi.it, o* the tea( i&
entire., dependent on .o+i&tic& air &upport ba&ed on a (i; o* aircra*t0 and
he.icopter&. Ade)uate .e-e. o* thi& &upport ha& to be en&ured
440
,#(# "ropical %e=ions
9-er,thin+ in the =un+.e thri-e&0 inc.udin+ di&ea&e and para&ite&. 9-en i*
&aturated b, per&piration0 c.othin+ a**ord& protection *ro( &tin+& and bite&.
9;cept at hi+h a.titude&0 e)uatoria. and &ubtropica. re+ion& are characteri&ed b,
hi+h te(perature&0 hea-, rain*a.. and oppre&&i-e hu(idit,. Eio.ent &tor(& (a,
occur toard& the end o* the &u((er. In choo&in+ ca(p &ite& (ake &ure ,ou
are abo-e potentia. *.oodin+.
9)uatoria. rain *ore&t&1 #e(perature& ran+e *ro( 30
0
" (86
0
2)

to 20
0
"(68
0
2) at ni+ht. Dun+.e tree& ri&e *ro( buttre&& root& to 60(( (200*t). In thi& pri(ar,
=un+.e the canop, pre-ent& .i+ht reachin+ the =un+.e *.oor. It i& re.ati-e., coo.0
ith .itt.e under+roth to ha(per (o-e(ent0 but -i&ibi.it, i& .i(ited. It i& ea&, to
.o&e a &en&e o* direction and di**icu.t *or re&cuer& to &pot ,ou.
/econdar, =un+.e1 A.on+ ri-er bank& and the *rin+e& o* the =un+.e &un.i+ht
doe& penetrate to the *.oor and +roth i& pro.i*ic. $nder+roth reache& hei+ht&
o* 3 ( (10 *t) in a ,ear. 7o-in+ i& &.o0 hot ork0 hackin+ a a, ith a paran+ or
(achete.
/ubAtropica. rain *ore&t&1 2ound ith 10
0
o* the 9)uator0 the&e *ore&t&
ha-e a &ea&on o* reduced rain*a..0 e-en drou+ht0 ith (on&oon& co(in+ in
c,c.e&. 7ore deciduou& tree& +ro here and under+roth i& den&e.
7ountain *ore&t&1 At a.titude& abo-e 1000( (3000 *t). #he 8uen?ori
8an+e o* "entra. A*rica i& t,pica.1 a craterA.ike .and&cape co-ered in (o&&
beteen iceAcapped peak&. 6.ant +roth i& &par&e0 tree& &tunted and di&torted.
<o branche& (ake the +oin+ hard. %i+ht& are co.d0 da,& hot and (i&t,.
/ur-i-a. i& di**icu.t1 (ake ,our a, don the &.ope& to tropica. rain *ore&t.
441
/a.tater &a(p&1 In coa&ta. area& &ub=ect to tida. *.oodin+0 (an+ro-e
tree thri-e0 reachin+ hei+ht& o* 12( (40*t). #heir tan+.ed root& are an ob&tac.e
abo-e and be.o the ater.ine. Ei&ibi.it, i& .o and pa&&a+e di**icu.t. /o(eti(e&
channe.& are ide enou+h to ra*t0 but +enera.., pro+re&& i& on *oot. Gou anHt
&tar-e I *i&h0 (o..u&c&0 a)uatic ani(a.& and -e+etation are p.enti*u. I but it i& a
ho&ti.e en-iron(ent ith ater .eeche&0 "a,(an and crocodi.e&. :here ri-er
channe.& inter&ect the &a(p ,ou (a, be ab.e to (ake a ra*t. I* *orced to &ta, in
a &a(p deter(ine the hi+hAtide .e-e. b, the .ine o* &a.t and debri& on the tree&0
and *it a rai&ed bed abo-e it. "o-er ,our&e.* *or protection a+ain&t ant& and
(o&)uitoe&. >ui.d ,our *ire on a p.at*or( u&in+ &tandin+ deadood *or *ue..
'eca, i& rapid in a &a(p I choo&e ood that i& not rotten.
2re&hater &a(p&1 2ound in .oA.a,in+ in.and area&0 their thorn,
under+roth (ake& the +oin+ di**icu.t and reduce& -i&ibi.it, I but &ur-i-a. i& ea&,
and &a(p& are o*ten dotted ith i&.and& &o ,ou onHt be che&t deep in ater a..
the ti(e. #here are o*ten na-i+ab.e channe.& and ra (ateria.& a-ai.ab.e *ro(
hich to bui.d a ra*t.
,#8#2# (helter
9-er,thin+ i& .ike., to be da(p. #ake &tandin+ dead ood0 &ha-e o** Jthe
out&ide and ter(ite ne&t& (ake +ood tinder.
,#8#3# Food
A ide -ariet, o* *ruit&0 root& and .ea-e& are a-ai.ab.e. >anana0 papa,a0
(an+o and *i+& are ea&i., reco+ni&ed0 but ,ou (a, *ind the ea.th o* tropica.
*ood& bei.derin+. A ide ran+e o* (a((a.&0 repti.e&0 bird& and *i&h can be
hunted0 trapped and *i&hed. 2i&h are ea&i., di+e&ted0 but in the tropic& the, &poi.
)uick.,. ".ean thorou+h.,0 di&card entrai.& and eat a& &oon a& po&&ib.e. 'o not
pre&er-e the( b, &(okin+ or dr,in+.
442
2i&h in &.oA(o-in+ ater (a, be in*e&ted ith tapeor(& and other hu(an
para&ite&1 boi. *or 20 (inute&. :ater it&e.* (a, be in*ected ith a(oeba& hich
cau&e& d,&enter,1 a.a,& boi.
,#8#.# Dan=ers
I%/9"# A##A"AC
/.a&hin+ ,our a, throu+h the =un+.e ,ou (a, di&turb bee0 a&p or hornet ne&t&.
An, bare &kin i& -u.nerab.e to attack. 8unQ 'onHt drop an,thin+ I ,ou onHt ant
to +o back *or it. 4o++.e& i.. protect the e,e&. In&ect&0 de&perate *or &a.t0 i..
(ake *or the &eat, part& o* ,our bod,. 6rotect ar(pit& and +roin a+ain&t their
pain*u. &tin+&
7!/O$I#! 68!#9"#I!%
:ear a net o* #A&hirt o-er ,our head0 e&pecia.., at dan and du&k. >etter0 take a
&trip o* c.oth 45 c( (18 in) deep and .on+ enou+h to tie round ,our headJ cut it to
(ake a *rin+e o* -ertica. &trip& han+in+ *ro( a band that i.. dan+.e ou.d ,our
*ace and o-er our neck. Ceep co-ered at ni+ht0 inc.udin+ ,our hand&. !i.0 *at orJ
(ud &pread on hand& and *ace (a, he.p repe. in&ect&. $&e ba(boo or a &ap.in+
to &upport a tent o* c.othin+ and .ar+e .ea-e& ri++ed o-er ,our upper ha.*. A
&(ok, *ire i.. he.p keep in&ect& at da,.
"!E98 G!$8 299#
4ood *ootear and protection *or the .e+& i& e&&entia.. :rap bark or c.oth round
.e+& and tie it to (ake puttee& a& a de*ence a+ain&t .eeche& and centipede&.
>9:A89 HAI8G "A#986I<<A8/
A.a,& bru&h o** in the direction the, are tra-e..in+ or &(a.. irritant hair& (a, &ta,
in ,our &kin can cau&e an itch, ra&h. :hich (a, *e&ter in the heat.
>9:A89 I%EA'98/
Ceep c.othin+ and *ootear o** the +round &o that &corpion&0 &nake& and &pider&
donHt creep in. /hake out c.othe& and check boot& be*ore puttin+ the( onJ be
443
ar, hen puttin+ hand& in pocket&. #ake care on akin+1 centipede& ne&t.e *or
ar(th in the (ore pri-ate bod, re+ion&. 6rotect ar(pit& and +roin a+ain&t
&tin+in+ in&ect& attracted b, &eat.
<99"H9/
#heir bite i& (e&&, but not pain*u.. <e*t a.one the, drop o** hen the, ha-e their
*i... 'o not pu.. the( o** the .ead (a, co(e o** .ea-in+ the =a& in the bite0 hich
cou.d turn &eptic. 8e(o-e ith a dab o* &a.t0 a.coho. or a burnin+ ci+arette end0
e(ber or *.a(e.
>9:A89 #H9 "A%'I8$
#hi& (inute0 a.(o&t tran&parent A(a?onian cat*i&h0 about 2.5 c( (1 in) .on+0 i&
reported to be ab.e to &i( up the urethra o* a per&on urinatin+ in the ater I
here it +et& &tuck b, it dor&a. &pine. #he chance o* thi& happenin+ i& re(ote0
but donHt take the ri&k. "o-er ,our +enita.& and donHt urinate in the ater.
8i-er& dan+er&
8i-er& can be ho(e to dan+erou& creature& &uch a& piranha&0 &tin+ra,& and
e.ectric ee.&. <ook out *or crocodi.e& or a..i+ator& and take care in hand.in+
cat*i&h0 hich ha-e &harp dor&a. *in& and &pine& o* their +i.. co-er&.
,#8#8# "raCel in 7un=les
4round ob&er-ation in the =un+.e area& -arie& accordin+ to the t,pe o*
-e+etation. In &o(e t,pe& o* =un+.e0 the *ore&t canop, i& &o thick that i& cut&
o** (o&t o* &un.i+ht and +round ob&er-ation i& .i(ited to appro;i(ate., 20
(eter&. In the =un+.e ith a tan+.e o* &econdar, +roth0 +round ob&er-ation
(a, be .i(ited to 5 (eter& or .e&&. In other t,pe& o* =un+.e0 the -i&ibi.it, (a,
-ar, *ro( 15 to 20 (etre& to a& (uch a& 100 (etre&.
!b&er-ation i.. be +reat., re&tricted durin+ the (on&oon period and inter
(onth& due to hea-, rain and +round *o+ hich (a, per&i&t in the -a..e,& *or
&e-era. hour& a*ter &unri&e.
444
#he hei+ht& o* rid+e& and hi.. o**er &.i+ht., i(pro-ed ob&er-ation a& the
-e+etation toard& the hei+ht& i& thinner than that *ound in the -a..e,&.
7o-e(ent the =un+.e0 both on *oot and in (echanica. tran&port0 i& a &.o and
.aboriou& proce&& oin+ to the &.u&h cau&ed b, the rain& and the di**icu.t, o*
.ea-in+ the track.
7o-e(ent o* *oot particu.ar., po&e& a nu(ber o* di**icu.t prob.e(&. #he route
ha& to be care*u.., &e.ected to a-oid unnece&&ar, c.i(b& and de&cent& and
hackin+ throu+h thick =un+.e *o.ia+e. #he tra-e.er i& a.&o &ub=ected to the
di&co(*ort& o* hi+h hu(idit, &pecia.., hen (o-in+ throu+h cane and
ba(boo *ore&t&.
#here i& a tendenc, to under e&ti(ate the ti(e taken to (o-e beteen to
point& in the =un+.e. /ince condition& o* c.i(ate and terrain can cau&e ide
-ariation& in the ti(e taken to co(p.ete a (o-e0 a.. (o-e& in the =un+.e
&hou.d be p.anned on the ba&i& o* ti(e taken to (o-e beteen the to
point&0 rather than the di&tance beteen the(.
,#8#1#NaCi=ation in 7un=les
Dun+.e na-i+ation i& not ea&,0 but the di**icu.tie& are o*ten o-er&tated.
6ro-ided (ethodica. (ap &tud, and p.annin+ are undertaken0 *o..oed b,
care*u. u&e o* the (ap0 co(pa&& and protractor.
#he e.e(ent& o* na-i+ation are keepin+ direction and knoin+ the di&tance
tra-e.ed. #he abi.it, to u&e the *o..oin+ aid& a& a co..ecti-e (ean& to =un+.e
na-i+ation can on., be +ained *or( con&tant practice1
- A atch. 9-er, =un+.e na-i+ator (u&t ha-e a re.iab.e0 thou+h0 aterproo*
atch &et to the correct ti(e.
- 7ap& #he&e (a, be rea&onab., accurate a& re+ard& *eature&0 e+0 hi..& and
&trea(&. It &hou.d be borne in (ind hoe-er0 that (o&t (ap& are produced
*ro( air photo& hich0 hen taken o-er area& o* =un+.e0 &ho the *or( o* the
tree canop, and not the +round *or(ation. #here*ore0 &(a.. *eature& &uch a&
c.i**& and ater*a..& o*ten e;i&t on the +round hich are not &hon on the
445
(ap. 7ap& are o*ten inaccurate a& re+ard& cu.ti-ation =un+.e boundarie&0
road&0 track&0 -i..a+e& and c.earin+& becau&e the&e *eature& are &ub=ect to
continua. chan+e. In &o(e area& (a+netic ano(a.ie& e;i&t hich are
cau&ed b, (inera.& in the +round.
- Air photo+raph& A -a.uab.e &upp.e(ent to (ap&0 and o*ten the on., (ean&
o* brin+in+ a (ap up to date0 or o* obtainin+ co-er o* un(apped area&. #he,
are0 hoe-er0 o* -er, .i(ited u&e in =un+.e co-ered area&.
- "o(pa&&. #he co(pa&& i& the (o&t accurate (ean& o* (aintainin+
direction. In &o(e area& (a+netic -ariation (a, be pre&ent due to the
pre&ence o* (inera.&. 8e.a, on the co(pa&&0 a-oid the te(ptation to u&e
oneH& &en&e o* direction. %o part, &hou.d atte(pt to (o-e in the =un+.e o*
direction. %o part, &hou.d atte(pt to (o-e in the =un+.e ithout a co(pa&&0
un.e&& thi& i& una-oidab.e and in an e(er+enc,.
'i&tance tra-e..ed i.. -ar, ith the ph,&ica. condition0 and i.. o* the
indi-idua.. #he nor(a. error i& to o-er e&ti(ate the di&tance tra-e..ed0 but
ti(e i& a (ore practica. (ea&ure o* the +oin+. #he *o..oin+ (a, be re+arded
a& a rou+h +uide to the di&tance co-ered in one hour1
a) #hrou+h pri(ar, =un+.e 1 to 20 (etre& (contourin+).
b) #hrou+h pri(ar, =un+.e 7 to 10 (etre& (cro&& +rai.n)
c) #hrou+h &econdar, =un+.e 50 to 800 (etre&.
d) #hrou+h &a(p& 100 to 200 (etre&.
e) #hrou+h ta.. +ra&& 500 to 1000 (etre&.
,#8#+# Health and (anitation
In the =un+.e &anitation and per&ona. h,+iene are (ore i(portant. Inte&tina.
di&ea&e& are di&ea&e& u&ua.., tran&(itted b, conta(inated *ood or i(pure
ater. "onta(ination o* the *ood (a, be cau&ed b, u&e o* dirt, uten&i.&0 *.ie&
or other &uch in&ect& and *ood hand.er&.
446
:ater borne di&ea&e& (a, be cau&ed b, i(pure ater hich i& u&ed *or
drinkin+0 cookin+ and bathin+ purpo&e&. 9;a(p.e& o* thi& t,pe o* di&ea&e are
d,&enter,0 cho.era and &o on.
In&ect& and ani(a. borne di&ea&e& are tran&(itted *ro( (an to (an direct.,
throu+h bite& o* b.ood &uck.in+ in&ect& .ike (o&)uitoe& and tick. 'i&ea&e o*
thi& t,pe are (a.aria0 ,e..o *e-er0 *i.aria&i& and t,phu&.
2un+u& di&ea&e& (erit &pecia. attention becau&e the c.i(ate in the =un+.e
*a-our& the +roth o* (icro&copic p.ant& ca..ed *un+i hich produce the&e
di&ea&e&. /eat &oaked &kin in-ite& attack b, *un+u&. #he principa. *un+u&
di&ea&e& are rin+ or( and ath.ete& *oot.
9-er, per&on i& re&pon&ib.e *or hi& on c.ean.ine&& and that o* hi&
&urroundin+&. 2re)uent in&pection& o* the bod, (u&t be carried out *or the
.ice or tick bite&. ".othe& i(pre+nated ith '>6 are -er, e**ecti-e a+ain&t
(ite bite& and reduce the incidence o* t,phu&. A.. &cratche& and ound&
(u&t be attended to at an ear., &ta+e. 9;ce&&i-e heat and hu(idit, create&
(oi&t &eat, condition& becau&e o* hich the &cratche& are .ike., to beco(e
&eptic. #he bod, &hou.d be protected a+ain&t in&ect bite& b, u&e o* in&ect
repe..ant& or (o&)uito net&. :hene-er po&&ib.e0 the bod, &hou.d be bathed
and e;po&ed to &un and air. #he c.othe& &hou.d be .oo&e *ittin+0 c.ean and
dr,.
:hen po&&ib.e0 the boot& &hou.d be re(o-ed and the *eet (a&&a+ed and
du&ted ith *oot poder. >oot& &hou.d be re(o-ed be*ore &.eepin+.
,#1#Desert %e=ions
,#1#2#Desert conditions#
#he de&ert i& a -a&t arid a&te .and ith .itt.e -e+etation and &par&e
popu.ation. It i& +enera.., *eature.e&& but it contain& &and dune&0 rock, outcrop&
and c.a, p.ain&. #he de&ert0 there*ore i& not i(po&&ib.e and di**icu.t e;cept in
&tretche&. #he +oin+ i& +enera.., +ood o-er a.(o&t a.. t,pe& o* terrain. #hi& i&
447
particu.ar., true hen u&in+ tracked or ha.*Atracked -ehic.e&. :hee.ed -ehic.e&
or *ourAhee. dri-e cate+or, can a.&o be dri-en o-er (o&t de&ert terrain pro-ided
the dri-er& are e.. trained. Hoe-er0 area& o* &o*t &and and the&e area& hich
co..ect ater due to rain*a.. beco(e i(pa&&ab.e to tra**ic *or certain duration o*
ti(e.
/and dune& can be an,thin+ *ro( 70 to 100 (etre& in hei+ht and 3 to 5
ki.o(etre& in .en+th. 'i&tance beteen dune& (a, -ar, *ro( 400 to 1200
(etre&. #he &teep portion o* a &and dune i& nor(a.., re*erred to a& it& knuck.e
and the +radua. portion a& it& *in+er&. It i& e&&entia. that the con*i+uration o* &and
dune& be c.ear., under&tood. /and dune& area& pro-ide the +reate&t ob&tac.e&
to (obi.it,.

8ock, !utcrop&. #he&e outcrop& can be *or( 5 to 100 (etre& in hei+ht
and 3 to 5 ki.o(etre& in .en+th. #heir in+redient& are +enera.., eathered rock&
o* &edi(entar, nature and hard +ra-e.. #hi& (ateria. i& the (ain ite( o* road
con&truction in the area. #he +oin+ in the&e area& i& +enera.., +ood. A.thou+h
di++in+ in &uch area& i& di**icu.t due to the &oi. condition&0 &an+ar& can be
con&tructed )uite ea&i.,.
".a, 6.ain. #he&e are open p.ain& *ound in depre&&ion& due to the
depo&ition o* c.a, *ro( the *.o o* rain ater. #he +oin+ thi& area i& -er, +ood a&
.on+ a& it i& dr,. I* there i& rain0 then the area beco(e& i(pa&&ab.e to a.. t,pe& o*
-ehic.e& *or pro.on+ed period&.
".i(ate. #he c.i(ate o* de&ert terrain ha& the *o..oin+ *acet&1
a) 8ain*a... #he a-era+e rain*a.. i& -er, .o. <on+ &pe..& o* drou+ht are )uite
*re)uent.
b) #e(perature. #he de&ert i& +enera.., a&&ociated ith e;tre(e condition& o*
te(perature. 'urin+ &u((er0 the (a;i(u( te(perature e;ceed& 45
de+ree& "e.&iu& hi.e durin+ inter0 te(perature& *a.. don to near., *ree?in+
448
point. 'a,& are hot and can be p.ea&ant durin+ inter and unbearab.e durin+
&u((er0 hi.e ni+ht& are +enera.., coo. throu+hout the, ,ear.
c) :ind. Hot ind& and &and&tor(& are a re+u.ar *eature. /o(eti(e&0 the&e
reach a -e.ocit, o* up to 40 k(ph and (a, .a&t *or a nu(ber o* hour& at a
&tretch. "on&e)uent., du&t and ha?e are pre-a.ent and re&trict -i&ibi.it, both
*ro( the air a& a.&o *ro( the +round. !b&er-ation beco(e& a (a=or prob.e(
durin+ &uch condition&. Ei&ibi.it,0 hoe-er0 i& +ood durin+ (oon.it ni+ht&.
:ater #here i& an acute &carcit, o* ater. A.(o&t a.. a-ai.ab.e ater i&
bracki&h. #he p.annin+ *or ater *or (en and -ehic.e&0 there*ore a&&u(e&
&i+ni*icance in .o+i&tic& p.annin+. /tora+e and tran&portation o* ater are
prere)ui&ite& *or operation&.
'e&ert #rack& #he area i& cri&e&Acro&&ed b, ca(e. track&. #rack&
+enera.., connect ater &ource& on hich -ariou& -i..a+e& depend. %or(a.., the
road& and track& *o..o the +rain o* the countr, e;cept here &houter route& are
re)uired to ater &ource&. 7o&t de&ert track& are e.. de*ined hen in u&e
otheri&e the, +et ob.iterated )uick., b, b.oin+ &and&.
#o &ur-i-e ,ou (u&t (ake the (o&t o* an, a-ai.ab.e &hade0 create
protection *ro( the &un0 cut (oi&ture .o&& and re&trict acti-it, durin+ the heat o*
the da,. :here +reat te(perature di**erence& beteen ni+ht and da, occur0
conden&ation i& a &ource o* ater. :hen rain doe& co(e I ,ear& can pa&& ith
none at a.. I it (a, be in torrentia. donpour&0 hich create *.a&h *.ood&0 be*ore
bein+ )uick., ab&orbed. 'u&t or &and0 &tor(& reduce -i&ibi.it,. 6rotection i&
needed a+ain&t &and enterin+ e-er, ori*ice.
,#1#2#6ater
:ater i& -ita.. I* ,ou ha-e it0 ration it i((ediate.,. I* ,ou re &tranded b,
(echanica. *ai.ure durin+ a de&ert cro&&in+0 ,ou i.. ha-e p.anned ,our route ith
449
an aarene&& o* oa&e&0 e..& and aterho.e&. :e..& (a, re)uire a container
.oered on a .ine to reach ater. /(a.. aterho.e& in ad (atercour&e) botto(&
are o*ten &ea&ona.. #he, are u&ua.., co-ered ith a &tone or bru&hood.
Aa, *ro( knon aterho.e&0 di+ at the .oe&t point o* the out&ide bend
o* a dr, &trea(bed or the .oe&t point beteen dune&. 'o not di+ in the heat o*
da, I ,ouH.. &eat .i)uid ,ou (a, not be ab.e to rep.ace. A.a,& ba.ance *.uid
.o&& a+ain&t po&&ib.e +ain.
<i*e e;pectanc, depend& on the ater a-ai.ab.e and ,our abi.it, to (ini(&
per&piration. :ithout ater ,ou i.. .a&t 2 da,& at 48
0
" (120
0
2)

i* ,ou re&t in the
&hade and do nothin+. I* ,ou (u&t a.k toi &a*et, the di&tance J,ou co-er i..
re.ate to the ater a-ai.ab.e. :ith none0 a te(perature o* 48
0
.
:a.kin+ at ni+ht and re&tin+ b, da,0 ,ou cou.d co-er 4 k( (25(i.ke&).
:a.kin+ b, da, ,ou ou.d co-er 8 k.( (5 (i.e&) be*ore co..ap&e. At 48
0
" ith 2
.iter& (4 pint&) o* ater ,ou (i+ht co-er 56 k.( (35 (i.e&) and .a&t 3 da,&.
'rink 1.5 .iter& *or e-er, 2 .o&t (314 pint&). <e&& *.uid i.. not re&u.t in .e&&
&eat. I* (ore *.uid i& drunk tan needed it i.. be e;creted .and u&ed to no
purpo&e.
,#1#3#(helter and Fire
2ind i((ediate &hade. In the e-enin+ coi. bui.d a &he.ter. 'o not &ta, in a
(eta. -ehic.e or p.ane. $&e it to &upport a &he.ter or (ake u&e o* the &hado
beneath an aircra*tH& in+. 6i.e rock& to (ake a indbreak and (ake u&e o* ad
a..& (e;cept hen *.a&h *.ood& &ee( .ike.,). $&e the bo.dA.a,er techni)ue to aid
coo.in+. I* u&in+ *abric&0 .ea-e botto( ed+e& .i*ted and .oo&e b, da, to increa&e
are circu.ation. :ei+ht the( don ith rock& at ni+ht. A-oid .,in+ direct., on hot
+round1 air can circu.ate under a rai&ed bed.
450
Gou i.. need *ire *or ar(th *or ar(th at ni+ht and *or boi.in+ ater.
/(oke i.. be u&e*u. *or &i+na.in+. 'e&ert &crub i& dr, and burn& ea&i.,. I* the
.and i& tota.., barren0 -ehic.e *ue. and oi. (i;ed ith &and in a container i.. burn.
Ani(a. dun+ i& a.&o *.a((ab.e.
,#1#.#Clothiln=
".othin+ he.p& reduce *.uid .o&& and +i-e& protection *ro( &unburn and
in&ect bite&0 a& e.. a& ar(th at ni+ht. ".othe& &hou.d be .i+ht and .o&e *ittin+0
ith air &pace beteen the +ar(ent& and the bod,. "op, the *.oin+0 .a,ered
+ar(ent& o* the Arab or.d. #rou&er& +i-e (ore protection *ro( in&ect& and
+uard a+ain&t &eriou& &unburn on the .e+&. "o-er the head and *eet.
Ceep co-eredQ Apart *ro( ri&kin+ &e-ere &unburn0 an unco-ered bod, i.. .o&e
&eat b, e-aporation. Ceep c.othin+ .oo&e ith a .a,er o* in&u.atin+ air.
/eatin+ i.. then coo. ,ou (ore e**icient.,
Head+ear1 A hat ith a piece o* c.oth attached to the back i.. protect but0
better &ti..0 cop, arab headAear1 (ake a handkerchie* into a ad on top o* the
head0 *o.d dia+ona.., a piece o* c.oth about 120 c( (4*t) &)uare0 p.ace it o-er the
handkerchie*0 .on+ ed+e *orard0 and &ecure ith a cord tied round head. #hi&
trap& pocket& o* air0 and protect& *ro( &and. :rap round the *ace *or ar(th at
ni+ht.

9,e protection1 /un+.a&&e& (a, not be enou+h. /oot *ro( the *ire
&(eared be.o the e,e& i.. reduce +.are. /hie.d e,e& *ro( +.are and indburn
&and ith a &trip o* (ateria.. "ut narro &.it& to &ee throu+h.
2ootear1 'o not a.k bare*oot unti. ,our *eet ha-e hardened or the, i..
burn and b.i&ter. 'o not .ea-e top& o* *eet e;po&ed. 6uttee& keep &and out o*
boot&J rap the( round the *eet o-er open &anda.&.
451
,#1#8 Food
Heat cau&e& .o&& o* appetite I donHt *orce ,our&e.* to eat. 6rotein *ood&
increa&e (etabo.ic heat and ater .o&&. I* ater i& &carce0 keep eatin+ to a
(ini(u( and tr, to eat on., (oi&tureAcontainin+ *ood&0 e.+. *ruit and -e+etab.e&.
2ood &poi.& )uick., in the de&ert. !nce open0 eat &tore& at once or keep co-ered
and &haded.
Ee+etation i& &carce0 but de&ert& o*ten &upport a -ariet, o* ani(a. .i*e.
In&ect&0 repti.e&0 rodent& and &o(e &(a.. (a((a.& burro or hid durin+ the da,
<ar+e (a((a.& are an indication that there i& ater c.o&e at hand.
,#1#1#Health
7o&t de&ert i..ne&&e& are cau&ed b, e;ce&&i-e e;po&ure to &un and heat.
#he, can be a-oided b, keepin+ head and bod, co-ered and re(ainin+ in the
&hade.
"on&tipation and pain in pa&&in+ urine are co((on and &a.t de*icienc,
can .ead to cra(p&.
Hea-, &eatin+ coup.ed ith +ar(ent& that rub can b.ock the &eat
+.and& and re&u.t in an unco(*ortab.e &kin i(itation knon a& prick., heat.
Heat cra(p&0 .eadin+ to heat e;hau&tion0 heat &troke and &eriou& &unburn
are a.. dan+er&. A +radua. increa&e in acti-it, and dai., e;po&ure to the &un i..
bui.d up a de*ence0 pro-ided that p.ent, o* drinkin+ ater i& a-ai.ab.e.
Ceep (oi&t area& o* the bod, I cre-ice& o* ar(pit&0 +roin and toe& I c.ean
and dr, to pre-ent in*ection.
452
- '9/98# /!8A9/ 9-en the (o&t tri-ia. ou.d i.. beco(e in*ected in not
dea.t ith &trai+ht aa,. 6u..ed out thorn& a& &oon a& po&&ib.e. :here the
&kin i& broken a .ar+e and pain*u. &ore (a, de-e.op hich cou.d pre-ent
a.kin+. >anda+e a.. cut& ith c.ean dre&&in+& and u&e hat (edica. aid&
are a-ai.ab.e.
,#1#+# Don'ts :hile driCin= in the Desert
a) 'onHt break the continuit, o* (otion.
b) 'onHt acce.erate hen hee.& ha-e .o&t contact ith the +round.
c) 'onHt dri-e in .o +ear unnece&&ari.,.
d) 'onHt a..o en+ine& to o-erheat.
e) 'onHt app., break& abrupt., in &o*t &and but a..o the -ehic.e to roo. to a
ha.t.
*) 'onHt o-ertake in &and, patche&.
+) 'onHt *o..o the track& o* -ehic.e& in *ront in &and, patche&.
h) 'onHt turn &harp., in &o*t &and.
i) 'onHt dri-e too c.o&e., on the tai. o* the -ehic.e in *ront.
=) 'onHt dri-e ri+ht up to the -ehic.e in *ront hich i& &tuck or ,ou i.. +et
&tuck ,our&e.*.
k) 'onHt ha.t ,our -ehic.e hi.e cro&&in+ a &o*t &and, patch.
.) 'onHt ha.t o-er.oad J,our -ehic.e.
453
N#%EFE%ENCE
N#2# ConCersion "able to ,etric (Dstem
7etric to 9n+.i&h (<en+th) 9n+.i&h to 7etric (<en+th)
1c( R 0.394 inche& 1inch R 2.54 c(
1( R 39.4 inche& 1 *oot R 30.5 c(
1( R 3.28 *eet 1 *oot R 0.305 (
1( R 1.09 ,ard&.. 1 ,ard R 0.914 (
1k( R 0.621 (i.e& 1 (i.e R 1.609 k(
:ei+ht :ei+ht
1 + R 0.035 ounce& 1 ounce R 28.3 +
1k+ R 2.2 pound& 1 pound R 454 +
1 tonne R 2200 pound& 1 pound R 0.454 k+
1 tonne R 0.984 ton& 1 ton ($/) R 1.02 tonne
Surface Surface
1c(
2
R 0.155 &) in 1 &) inch R 6.45 c(
2
1(
2
R 10.76 &) *t 1 &) *oot R 929 c(
2
1(
2
R 1.2 &) ,d 1 &) *oot R 0.093 (
2
1ha R 2.47 acre& 1 &) ,ard R 0.836 (
2
1k(
2
R 2.47 acre& 1 acre R 0.405 ha
1k(
2
R 0.386 &) (i.e& 1 &) (i.e R 2.59 k(
2
.olume .olume
1 c(
2
R 0.061 cu inch 1 cu inch R 16.4 c(
3
1 (
3
R 35.3 cu *t 1 cu *oot R 0.028 (
3
1 (
3
R 1.31 cu ,d 1 cu ,ard R 0.765 (
3
1 (. R 0.035 *.. !? 1 *. once R 28.4 (.
11 R 1.76 pint& 1 pint R 0.5681
11 R 0.22 $C +a..on 1 $C +a... R 4.551
1 $/ +a... R 0.833 $C +a... 1 $C +a... R 1.2 $/+a...
Temperature
("e.&iu& ; 1.8) @ 32 (2ahrenheit I 32) ; 0.555
454
R 2ahrenheit R "e.&iu&
N#2# Characteristics of %adio and (atellite Communications
#,pe and 8an+e 9)uip(ent and 8e(ark&
EH2F$H20
3A25 (i.e&0 .ineAo* &i+ht
HandAhe.d or (obi.e unit&. Antenna &i?e and terrain ha-e
e**ect on ran+e. $&e *or on&ite coordination0 per&ona. &ecurit,0
and indi-idua. co((unication&.
EH2F$H ith repeater0 ider
ran+e
/a(e a& abo-e0 but ith a repeater &tation p.aced in the
hi+he&t po&&ib.e .ocation.
H2 (&hortAa-eF -oice)0 re+iona.
to or.dide
7obi.e &tation& (carAradio &i?e) and ba&e &tation&. 8an+e
depend& on antenna u&ed. $&e *or re+iona. co((unication&0
50A10000 (i.e&.
H2 (&hortAa-eF data0 re+iona.
to or.dide
>a&e &tation inc.ude& (odern0 .aptop co(puter0 poer &upp.,0
and antenna. %eed& )ua.i*ied operator. 'ata .ink& ith &i(i.ar
&tation& or.dide.
/tandard A0
:or.dide &ate..ite ter(ina.
#er(ina. in a &uitca&e0 ith parabo.ic antenna. Acce&&orie& in
a &eparate bo; o* 60 pound&. $&e *or phone0 *a;0 and eA(ai..
/tandard >0 'i+ita. -er&ion o* /tandard AJ &(a..er antenna. $&e *or phone0
*a;0 and eA(ai.. /o(e (ode.& o**er hi+hA&peed data .ink& and
(u.tip.e phone F *a; .ine& (ith *ie.d pub.ic e;chan+e).
/tandard "0 #er(ina. in a &uitca&e0 inc.ude& .aptop co(puter0 printer0 and
o(nidirectiona. antenna. >ui.tAin batter, (4Ahpur& &tandb,).
$&e to &end and recei-e eA(ai. and &end *a;J no phone.
/tandard 70
Attach ca&e ith *.at antenna in .id. $&e *or phone0
*a;0 eA(ai.. 8e)uire& &eparate .aptop co(puter or
*a; (achine.
%ote1 /ate..ite ter(ina.& .i&ted here are I%7A8/A#.
455
N#3 Characteristics of Aircraft that maD be used durin= Disaster
Operations
Aircra*t #,pe 2ue.
#,pe
"rui&in+
/peed
(knot&)
8una,
<en+th
(*t.)
"ar+o
:ei+ht
(1 b&.)
"ar+o
Eo.u(e
(cu.*t.)
'oor /i?e
(H; : in inche&)
6a..et /i?e
(H;: in
inche&)
6a..et
Ot,.
"ontainer
#,pe&
"e&&na 412A"
(6ro=ect)
Det 185 20400 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
"A46 A-4a& 150 30000 120000 30300 nFa nFa nFa nFa
'H"A6 !tter
(6ro=ect)
Det 160 10900 30500 506 nFa nFa nFa nFa
2A28 (6ro=ect) Det 380 50200 150000 30400 nFa nFa nFa nFa
2A27 (6ro=ect) Det 240 60000 70500 10980 nFa nFa nFa nFa
#ran&a.. "A160 Det nFa 30300 370000 40900 nFa nFa nFa nFa
<A188 9.ectra
(6ro=ect)
Det 310 60000 320000 30700 78;140 88;108 8 A..
<A55 <ear=et Det 460 40500 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
<A100A10
Hercu.e&
Det 275 40300 250000 40500 108;118 88;108F118 6 !pen pa..et
<A100A20
Hercu.e&
Det 275 40500 370000 50300 108;120 88;108F118 7 !pen pa..et
<A100A30
Hercu.e&
Det 280 40300 400000 60057 108;120 88;108F118 38 !pen pa..et
/k,-an Det 130 10500 30500 780 72;72 nFa nFa nFa
:e&tind I 124 Det 450 40900 10190 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
"e&&na 185 A-4A& 130 10400 900 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
"e&&na 206 A-4a& 130 10500 10100 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
N#3# Characteristics of Aircraft that maD be used durin= Disaster
Operations
Aircra*t #,pe 2ue.
#,pe
"rui&in+
/peed
8una,
<en+th
"ar+o
:ei+ht
"ar+o
Eo.u(e
'oor /i?e
(H; : in inche&)
6a..et /i?e
(H;: in
6a..et
Ot,.
"ontainer
#,pe&
456
(knot&) (*t.) (1 b&.) (cu.*t.) inche&)
"e&&na 207 A-4a& 130 10900 20500 340 nFa nFa nFa nFa
"ar-an Det 170 1900 20500 340 nFa nFa nFa nFa
#urbo 6orter Det 142 620 10400 100 nFa nFa nFa nFa
He..o "ourier A-4a& 130 610 10200 140 nFa nFa nFa nFa
'e&h 7 Det 225 20200 110300 20100 nFa nFa nFa nFa
'e&h 8 Det 250 20700 80500 10400 nFa nFa nFa nFa
H,u&hin 76 Det 430 20800 75000 80300 nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 512 Det 480 80000 610000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 542 Det 480 80000 950800 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 552 Det 480 80000 970000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 732 Det 480 80000 1020000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 612 Det 480 80000 830000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 632 Det 480 80000 940000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A8 702 Det 480 80000 850000 nFa nFa nFa nFa nFa
'"A9 Det 450 70000 350000 40500 nFa nFa nFa nFa
N#. Characteristic of helicopters that maD be used durin=
Disaster Operations
He.icopter #,pe 2ue. #,pe "rui&in+ /peed
(knot&)
Interna. "ar+o
:ei+ht (1b&.)
9;terna. "ar+o
:ei+ht (1b&.)
%o. o* pa&&en+er&
>A204 Det 100 20600 30100 10
>A205 Det 100 20600 30100 14
>A206> Det 110 760 910 4
>A206< Det 110 970 970 6
>A212 Det 100 20600 30100 14
>A214 Det 100 30000 70000 12
AA/#A8 Det 125 10100 10400 5
A..ouette II /A 318" Det 95 900 10300 4
Hu+he& 500" Det 125 700 900 4
Hu+he& 500' Det 125 700 900 4
A..ouette III Det 110 10400 10600 6
<a(a /A 315> Det 100 10400 10400 4
>EA107 Det 125 70000 90000 "ar+o on.,
>AA234 Det 130 220500 220500 44
Hi..er 2H 1100 Det 105 700 900 4
>e.. 4A47 A-4a& 95 800 10000 2
N#8 Aircraft )oadin= and Offloadin= ,ethods
Aircra*t (a, be .oaded in *our a,&1
>u.. <oaded A "ar+o i& .oaded on the *.oor and he.d in p.ace b, net&0
&trap&0 or rope&.
6a..eti?ed I "ar+o i& pre.oaded onto pa..et&J he.d in p.ace b, net&0 &trap&0 or
rope&J and then .oaded onto the aircra*t.
"ontaineri?ed I "ar+o i& p.aced in a net or &u&pended *ro( a .ine and picked
up and (o-ed b, the he.icopter u&in+ a be.., hook.
457
>u.k .oadin+ (a, increa&e the u&ab.e car+o &paced on an aircra*tJ hoe-er0
&ecurin+ car+o in p.ace (a, be (ore di**icu.t. >u.k .oadin+ a.&o &.o& .oadin+
and o**.oadin+0 &ortin+0 di&tribution0 and cu&to(& proce&&in+.
6a..eti?in+ car+o i& the (ethod (o&t o*ten u&ed to (o-e !2'A co((oditie&.
!2'A u&ua.., u&e& '!' ($./. Air 2orce) aircra*t *or &hortAti(e *ra(e di&a&ter
&upport0 and the '!'H& pre*erred (ethod o* car+o packa+in+ i& u&in+ pa..et& and
nettin+. "o((ercia. aircra*t can a.&o u&e pa..et&.
7i.itar, pa..et&0 o**icia.., ca..ed dua. rai. 463< pa..et& (nickna(ed 3cookie
&heet&5)0 (ea&ure 88;108 inche&0 are (ade o* a.u(inu(0 and ei+h 356
pound&. #he .oaded pa..et& can ran+e in ei+ht *ro( 20000 to 60000 pound&.
#he&e pa..et& are reu&ab.e and (u&t be returned. 'o not .ea-e the(Q #he, are
u&ed on the "A5&0 "A17&0 "A141&0 "A130&0 and &o(e co((ercia. aircra*t. 2or
.o+i&tica. p.annin+ purpo&e&0 hen bui.din+ pa..et&0 .i(it the hei+ht o* a &tack to
96 inche& *or the&e aircra*t un.e&& authori?ed to &tack hi+her b, the cre chie*.
#he &i?e o* co((ercia. pa..et& -arie&0 but i& (o&t o*ten 88;108 inche&
88;125 inche&. #he, are u&ed on '"A8&0 >A727&0 '"A10& and >A747& and ei+h
o-er 300 pound&. #he&e pa..et& are a.&o reu&ab.e. "o((ercia. Hercu.e& a.&o
u&e a pa..et that i& 88;118 inche&.
It i& po&&ib.e to bui.d up pa..et& on the aircra*t0 but it i& (ore di**icu.t and
-er, ti(eAcon&u(in+. 8e(e(ber0 *.i+ht cre dut, ti(e i& tickin+Q
"ontaineri?in+ car+o i& a (ethod u&ed to .oad .ar+e co((ercia. aircra*t &uch a&
747& and '"A10&. "ar+o container& co(e in a +reat -ariet, o* &hape& and &i?e&0
and their (a;i(u( .oaded ei+ht& can ran+e *ro( .e&& that 10000 pound& to
250000 pound&. 9ach t,pe i& de&i+ned to be .oaded and o**.oaded ith car+o in
p.ace u&in+ a (echani?ed .oadin+ &,&te( or a *ork.i*t. "ontaineri?in+ i& -er,
di**icu.t and ti(eAcon&u(in+0 and &o(eti(e& it i& i(po&&ib.e to handA.oad or
un.oad container& once the, are on the aircra*t (in+0 tai.0 or door in open
po&ition) here i& (u&t (o-e to retrie-e the container or pa..et.
458
9;terna. .oadin+ o* car+o i& done ith he.icopter&. He.icopter& nor(a..,
can .i*t and (o-e (ore car+o e;terna.., (&.in+in+) than interna..,. #he e;terna.
car+o i& .oaded into &pecia.., (ade net& that are connected to a car+o hook on
the be.., o* the he.icopter. "ar+o (a, a.&o be &u&pended on cab.e& (.ead .ine&).
7ake &ure .ead .ine& and net& are appro-ed *or &.in+in+ car+o.
&emem'er: 6a..et&0 container&0 net&0 and .ead .ine& are reu&ab.e. #he,
(a, a.&o need to be returned )uick., to their point o* ori+in &o the, can be u&ed
*or .oadin+ (ore car+o. A.a,& think in ter(& o* 3back hau.in+5 car+o e)uip(ent
*or reu&e or hen it i& no needed.
459