Earl P.

Bonita,
M.Sc.
Controlling Human Induced Vibrations
on Structural Slab Supported by Long
Span Castellated Steel Beams Using
American and European Design
Guidelines
www.sysquared.com
Goal
www.sysquared.com
Provide basic principles on analytical tools
to evaluate steel framed floor systems
using American and European Design
Guidelines
Outline
www.sysquared.com
Theory of Floor Vibration
Relationship between Resonance and Damping
American Design Guidelines Evaluation Flowchart Simple Method
European Design Guidelines Evaluation Flowchart Simple Method
Acceptance Criteria for Human Comfort
Finite Element Method
Mitigating Measures
Case Study
Walking Excitation
Causes of Floor Vibration
www.sysquared.com
Footfall
Discomfort
Structural Damage
Effects of Floor Vibration
www.sysquared.com
Inelastic response overload
Bouncy floors
Response to Harmonic Loading
www.sysquared.com
www.sysquared.com
Human Induced Vibration
Beam line
- Footfall
m + c + k = P
o
sint
Damped Forced Vibration
www.sysquared.com
Equation of motion
Steady-state and transient response
U(t) = e
-nt
(A cosdt + B sindt) + C sindt + D cost
transien
t
steady-state
+ Total =
Response for Underdamped System
www.sysquared.com
Forcing Function = Footfall
www.sysquared.com
F = P [1+
i
cos(2 i f
step
t +
i
) ]
By Fourier series
a/g = RP
o
cos(2 i f
step
t) / W
Resonance response function
Simplified
a/g = P
o
exp (-0.35 f
n
) / W < a
o
/g
Resonance: 1
st
harmonic
www.sysquared.com
Sinusoidal Vertical Force
Resonance
www.sysquared.com
Resonance and Damping
www.sysquared.com
Damping
www.sysquared.com
Underdamped
Critically damped
Exponential decay of the response
SAP2000: Modal Time-History
www.sysquared.com
Two Methods of Footfall Analysis
www.sysquared.com
Simple Method
direct formulas
numerical technique
Finite Element Method
Simple Method
www.sysquared.com
Footfall Analysis
American Design Guidelines
www.sysquared.com
Constant Force, Damping Ratio and Acceleration Limit
www.sysquared.com
Recommended Peak Acceleration (% of g)
www.sysquared.com
(3.62, 0.16)
European Design Guidelines
www.sysquared.com
Design Chart for D = 3% damping
www.sysquared.com
(17220 Kg, 7.1 Hz)
OS-RMS = 0.80 mm/s
OS-RMS = One-Step Root Mean Square
Classes of Perception Threshold of OS-RMS
90
www.sysquared.com
American Design Guidelines
European Design Guidelines
Acceptance Criteria for Human
Comfort
www.sysquared.com
f
n
and OS-RMS
90
f
n
and a
o
/g (% of g)
Finite Element Method
www.sysquared.com
Footfall Analysis
OASYS
www.sysquared.com
Steps
1.Obtain natural frequency of floor system
2.Dynamic time response from footfall
3.Footfall response contour
4.Peak acceleration
5.Displacement, velocity and acceleration over time.
www.sysquared.com
Vibration results - Oasys
ADAPT Floor Pro
www.sysquared.com
1. Natural frequency from ADAPT floor pro
2. Excitation force of vibration
3. Appropriate damping factor
4. Effective weight of the panel and SDL
5. Peak acceleration ratio
6. Acceptability of vibration
Steps
www.sysquared.com
Vibration results - ADAPT floor pro
SAP2000
www.sysquared.com
Steps
1.Load case for each footfall
2.Point load corresponding to footfall location
3.Modal time-history that represents footfall sequence
4.Modal time-history based on Ritz modes
5.Impulse function, scale factor and arrival time
6.Time steps to cover duration of time-history
www.sysquared.com
Vibration results - SAP2000
Mitigating Measures
www.sysquared.com
Floor Vibration Solutions
Reduction of Effects
Increase Mass
Increase Damping
Stiffening
Passive Control
www.sysquared.com
Case Study Simple Method
www.sysquared.com
Case Study Results
www.sysquared.com
Conclusion
www.sysquared.com
American and European Design Guidelines case study
results are both Satisfactory.
Simple Method is a good floor vibration evaluation tool, but
Finite Element method can be used for more intricate
analysis.
Increasing the Damping Ratio is the best option for the
Mitigating Measures presented.
QED
www.sysquared.com