Commission of the European Communities

energy
THE IDENTIFICATION
OF A FAST ACCURATE METHOD
OF MEASURING THE OVERALL EFFICIENCY
OF INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
Re por t
EUR 7279 EN
Bl ow-up from mi crofi che original
Commission of the European Communities
energy
THE IDENTIFICATION
OF A FAST ACCURATE METHOD
OF MEASURING THE OVERALL EFFICIENCY
OF INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
M. Foley
THE INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND STANDARDS
BALLYMUN ROAD, DUBLIN 9, IRELAND
Contract No 588-78 EE EIR
FINAL REPORT
Directorate-General for Research, Science and Education
1981 EUR 7279 EN
Published by th
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Information Mar k! and Innovation
Btiment Jean Monnet
LUXEMBOURG
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might
be made of the following information
ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
"""' R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
S hooi no J j ]
PAGE
SUMMARY 1
INTRODUCTION 2
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 5
STEAM WETNESS 7
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 9
COMPILING RESULTS 12
INSTRUMENTATION 15
CLASSIFICATION OF TESTS 16
ACCURACY OF RESULTS 16
TEST RESULTS 18
COMPARISON RESULTS 21
CONCLUSIONS 30
CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS 34
Continuation shoot
- f "T rt T ' - * * > -
Repet rel R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. / - - \
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Mass
Temperature
Flow Rate
Pressure
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Ni trogen
Carbon
Sulphur
Hydrogen
Dryness fraction
Latent heat
Heat content(enthalpy)
Overall ef f i ci ency ( di r ect t est )
Energy content of f l ue gases
Speci f i c heat (content pressure)
Radiation loss
Combustion ef f i ci ency
Thermal ef f i ci ency
Cal or i f i c value
Abbrevi ati on Symbol
m
T
Q

C02
0
2
CO
s o
2

2
C
s
H
X
L
h
N n
r
n
c

C ,
Engineering Division
Industrial Engineering
Department.
An Institiuid Taijhde
1 lonscail agus Caighdean
Institute for Industrial
Research and Standards
ShlN'l tun l l ol
111
Ballymun Road.
Dublin 9, Ireland
Telephone (01) 370101
Telegrams "Research. Dubln
Telex 5449
I Confidential
Report
Client 11 t i e
Commission of the European Communities
Di rect orat e - General f or Research,
Science Education
XI1 - - 4
Rue de l a Loi 200
B-1049 Brussels
BELGIUM
The I dent i f i cat i on of a f ast ,
accurate method of measurinn
the overal l ef f i ci ency of
I ndust r i al Boi l er s.
Contract No. 5R8.78.7EE FIR


R.P.,.. E/G/129/IR-DK
F*., R33/43/1
Dal received
Copie lo
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Report by
Approved by
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ance with lhe Industrial Research and Standards Act. 1961 or the publication of the results thereof in the name of lhe Institute
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repor, ,e. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no
SUMMARY:
The requirement of the project is to design a fast, accurate method of
measuring the overall thermal efficiency of Industrial Boilers.
Overall Thermal Efficiency is a measurement of boiler efficiency which
includes the effects of load factor and varying load conditions over
a given test period. The recommended method of measuring overall
efficiency is based on measurements made on combustion efficiency and
fuel input at regular intervals over a daily period.
Test results show that Fyrite and Dwyer combustion test equipment
present both a fast and accurate method of determining combustion
efficiency.
It is estimated that losses of the order of 10 % - 15 % are incurred due
to operation at low load factors resulting in poor overall thermal
efficiencies. Assuming that the loss could be halved by effective
monitoring of overall thermal efficiency and consequent remedial action
taken, then a saving of 8 % in fuel consumption would occur.
The aim of the research is to develop a technique of measuring
overall thermal efficiency of industrial boilers based on one of
the following methods:
(a) Standard Direct, according to VDI/DIN 1942 (1956).
(b) Standard Indirect, according to VDI/DIN 1942 (1956 ).
(c) Bacharach Fyrite combustion test kit (Indirect).
(d) Dwyer combustion test (Indirect).
Cont i nual i ,>n short
Repon rel. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no J>
INTRODUCTION.
In Irel and the maj ori ty of i ndust r i al boi l er s are i n the range MW-10MW
and are f i r ed wi t h fuel o i l . In general the range of i ndust ry i nvol ved
is of i nsuf f i ci ent size t o support f a c i l i t i e s f or the measurement of
ef f i ci ency. In the boi l er ef f i ci ency t est i ng servi ce of f ered t o I r i sh
Industry two pr i nci pal thermal ef f i ci ency determination techniques were
used, namely the di r ect and the i ndi r ect techniques.
The pr i nci pal factors involved i n eval uati ng the ef f i ci ency performance
uf i ndust r i al boi l er s are:
() Stack losses.
This is the largest single loss and is dependant on the quantity
and the temperature of the flue gas.
(b) Radiation losses.
This is due to surface heat losses and is a constant for a given
boi 1er.
(c) Blowdown losses.
This is incurred because of the necessity to maintain a safe level
of concentration of solids in boiler water.
(d) Loading losses.
Loading losses are caused by a boi l er standing by on pressure and
by running at low load f act or. The greatest loss associated wi t h
loading lo^s i s the standby l oss.
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repor, ret. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 3 .
Efficiency Measurement Techniques.
Indirect Techniques:-
This technique is based on the evaluation of stack loss which depends
on
(a)% COp in flue gas.
(b) Temperature of flue gas.
Both these parameters may be conveniently collected on site during
a boiler test. % Stack loss may then be found from tables. Radiation
loss can be found from charts knowing boiler surface area and temperature.
Thermal Efficiency = 100% - % Stack Loss - % Radiation loss.
Direct Techniques:-
This technique involves the measurement of potential heat input to the
boiler and the useful heat output. The following measurements are
required:
(a) Fuel flow rate.
(b) Steam generation Rate.
(c) Feedwater temperature.
(d) Steam temperature and pressure.
(e) Steam wetness.
From t hi s data the overal l thermal ef f i ci ency may be cal cul at ed.
The aim of t hi s proj ect i s t o develop a r el at i vel y f ast , accurate
technique of determining the overal l ef f i ci ency of i ndust r i al boi l ers
i n the range of load JMW to 10MW. In attempting t o achieve t hi s aim
an assessment of the di r ect and i ndi r ect methods was undertaken. Each
of the methods has i t s advantages and disadvantages. The i ndi r ect
technique i s easy to apply and gives r el at i vel y rapi d resul t s but only
Continuation sheet
Repo,, rel R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 4.
gives a measure of thermal ef f i ci ency at a par t i cul ar load at a
par t i cul ar ti me. The di r ect method has the advantage of gi vi ng an
ostiniate of overal l thermal ef f i ci ency but i s not easy t o apply t o
small i ndust ry. This i s because of the necessity t o i nst al l meters
in the feedwater and oi l supply l i nes. Considerable time and expense
involved would be i n conf l i ct wi th the requirement of rapi d t est i ng.
Capaci t y
11.6 MW
10 MW
,.3 MW
6.6 MW
b.O MW
0. 8 MW
Energy Conservat i on
No. E/G/129/IR-DK
Test
Pressure
1380kN/m
2
1380kN/m
2
1380kN/m
2
1380kN/m
2
1380kN/m
2
690kN/m
2
Boi l er s
Pr oj ect
remperature
195C
195C
195C
195C
195C
165C
Burner System
Rotary Cup.
Rotary Cup.
Pressure j e t .
Pressure j e t .
Rotary cup.
Pressure j e t .
Continuation sheet
Repor, r.t. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sho-t no. 5 .
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES:-
Four measurement techniques were used on each t est boi l er .
(a) Standard Di rect , according t o VDI/DIN 1942 (1956)
(b) Standard I ndi r ect , according t o VDI/DIN 1942 (1956)
(c) Bacharach Fyr i t e combustion t est .
(d) Dryer combustion t est .
(a) Standard di reet.
(5)
Referri ng t o the above diagram representati on of the boi l er the points
for flow measurement are as i ndi cated 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Continuation sheet
Repo.,,e. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Slier, no. 6 ,
S ubscr i pt r ef er s t o
poi nt s i ndi cat ed on
di agram.
The f ol l owi ng readi ngs were recorded: -
( i ) Oi l meter f l ow r eadi ng. Q-,
( i i ) Oi l meter r et ur n r eadi ng. Q.
( i i i ) Oi l f l ow t emperat ure. T_
( i v ) Water f l ow r eadi ng. Q.
(v) Water t emperat ure. T.
( v i ) Boi l er steam pr essur e. P~
( v i i ) Ambient t emper at ur e. T.
( vi i i ) S t eam Wetness.
Oi l t emperat ure and wat er temperature i s cont i nuousl y recorded usi ng
thermocouples i nser t ed i nt o pockets i n t he o i l f l ow and wat er l i n e s .
An accurat e measurement of b o i l e r pressure i s obt ai ned by i n s t a l l i n g
a speci al t est Burdeon pressure gauge on t he b o i l e r s h e l l . Oi l f l ow
and water f l ow are measured usi ng f l owmet ers of the i n t e g r a t i n g t ype.
I t shoul d be ensured t hat these i nst rument s are of a r e l i a b l e desi gn
and show no al t er at i on i n c al i br at i on when checked bef or e and a f t e r
t he t es t . The wat er l evel i n t he b o i l e r shoul d be t he same at t he
f i n i s h as at the s t a r t of t he t e s t . I n t he case of b o i l e r blowdown
i t shoul d be ensured t hat no blowdown takes pl ace f o r t he dur at i on
of the t es t . Where t hi s i s not possi bl e t he net t l oss shoul d be
est i mat ed as accur at el y as possi bl e.
Durat i on of t e s t : -
i he recommended per i od i s si x hours f or the di r ec t t e s t and f our hours
' or the i ndi r ec t t e s t , f or each of t he l oad stages t o be t es t ed,
i r ect t est s f or t hi s pr oj ect were car r i ed out f or a per i od of f our
iiours at each l oad s e t t i n g .
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repo,, rel R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. / .
Intervals between Readings:-
Intervals between readings should be arranged to cover fluctuations in
measured values with sufficient accuracy. All measured values associated
with the direct test (values (i) - (vii)) above were carried out at ten
minute intervals.
Steam Wetness Measurement:-
The measurement of quality of steam using conventional calorimetrie
methods has always presented difficulties because of inevitable changes
in steam temperature during the measurement process. Moreover, certain
types of calorimeters rely on the separation of liquid water from the
steam, which is often far from complete and depends upon test conditions.
The separation process is carried out in a separating calorimeter.
After passing through the separating calorimeter the comparatively
dry steam flows to the throttling calorimeter where the former is
throttled after passing through a small orifice. The heat content of
the steam remains the same but steam, now at a lower pressure after
throttling, is superheated. The temperature of the superheated steam,
as well as its pressure are now measured. The steam pressure in the
separating calorimeter is also noted and also the volume of separated
water. The volume of condensate from the throttling calorimeter is
noted. With a knowledge of the above quantity the steam dryness
fraction can be calculated.
Steam Sampl ing: -
In general moisture entrai ned i n wet steam fl owi ng i n a pipe wi l l
not be uniformly di st r i but ed over the cross-secti onal area of the pi pe.
In addi t i on to t hi s uneven di st r i but i on of entrai ned moi sture, water
Continuation sheet
Repo., rei R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
S tion t no. Q
ay act ual l y separat e out of the steam and run al ong the pi pe wa l l s .
'he chi ef d i f f i c u l t y encountered i n est i mat i ng steam q u a l i t y usi ng
a l or i i net r i c methods i s t o ensure t hat t he sample of steam taken i s
epr esent at i ve of t he main steam f l ow. The pi pe connect i ng t he probe
o the cal or i met er shoul d be as shor t as possi bl e and the sampl i ng
ubo, connect i ng pi pe, val ve and cal or i met er shoul d be f u l l y and
ff< c t i v e l y i nsul at ed. I n pr act i cal t est cases, however, due t o t he
team l i ne d i s t r i b u t i o n syst em, sampl i ng had t o be c ar r i ed out i n a
or i zcnt al l i ne about J meter from t he b o i l e r o u t l e t .
.'jam Wetness Measurements usi ng Conduct i vi t y Anal ysi s of Water Samples.
"'. the begi nni ng of the t es t samples of the b o i l e r wat er and of t he
teedwater shoul d be t aken. Duri ng the t es t steam shoul d be generat ed
v. uni f or m r at e and b o i l e r water mai nt ai ned at a const ant l e v e l ,
iiowdown shoul d not be car r i ed out dur i ng t he t e s t . At t he end of t he
e:'.!:, which l ast s f or one hour, f ur t her samples of t he b o i l e r wat er and
t odwat er shoul d be taken and the amount of steam generated dur i ng the
od det ermi ned. From a knowledge of these quant i t i es t he % moi st ur e
...i i tent of the steam can be det ermi ned.

i r
t u r e cont ent % =
300W
s t
( r i - r ^ ) 350 r
?
Tr TTT7 5 r 7 T
+
( r , + 2. 5r
9
)
1
Actual weight of water in boiler as steaming in tonnes,
Steaming Rate during test in tonnes/hr.
Duration of t.^st.
1 otal dissolved solids at beginning of test (ppm)
i ota dissolved solids at end of test (ppm)
Averaqe total dissolved solids in feedwater (ppm).
Continuation sheet
Repor, R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
S lient no y .
(b) Standard Indirect, according to VDI/DIN 1942 (195 6 ).
This test is carried out with an Orsat apparatus flue gas analyser,
which depends on the absorption of C0, 0 . and CO as the basis for
measurement of exhaust gas composition. A sample of exhaust gas is
drawn into a measuring burette. The change in volume after a part-
icular constituent has been absorbed is the partial volume of that
constituent in the original exhaust gas sample.
Sampling Techniques:-
The ideal sample accurately represents the mean composition of the
total gas passing along the flue at the time of sampling. In
practice the following difficulties occur:-
(a) Variation in composition of gas across section of flue.
Normally the larger the flue and the lower the gas velocity, the
greater is the possibility of varying composition occurring.
(b) Air-inleakage will also give rise to variation in composition of
the sample because air may exist as a stream adjacent to the wall
of the flue.
(c) Changes in composition during sampling.
(i) Further combustion within sampling probe when sampling is
carried out close to the combustion chamber,
(ii) Chemical reaction between sample and the material of sampling
system,
(iii) Condensation.
Condensed water is likely to dissolve small quantities of
soluble gasses in the sample.
Continuation sheet
Repor.ref. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
She! no | Q t
Beari ng i n mind f act or s ( a) , (b) and ( c) t he sampl i ng method used
i s i l l ust r at eci bel ow.
A X
7
X
8
X
9
C
X 1
X 2
X 3
X 4
X 5
X 6
D

10

11
X
12
ACB0 is a cross section of the flue. AB and CD are two diameters of
the circular cross section which intersect at right angles. The
sampling points for the determination of C0 and 0
?
of the flue gas
by the Orsat method are indicated 1 to 12. Twelve samples are taken,
the time between each sample is twenty minutes. 0 'X level is also
checked using a "Servomex" 0
?
Analyser. Sampling at a constant rate
is carried out at each of the points 1 - 12 and a 0 result is
obtained for each point. These measurements are averaged over the
twelve points:-
A R
1
+ R
2
+

+ R
12/l2,
The sampling probe of the "Seromex" Analyser is now placed at one of
(.he points 1 - 12 such that the difference between A and the 0
reading at that point, is a minimum. This enables a check to be made
'in the Q.
}
% as obtained by the Orsat Flue Gas Analyser.
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repor,,ef. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Simot no. I I
(
c
) Fyrite Combustion Test Kit.
This method gives a direct indication of % C0 in the flue gas.
A sample of the gas is absorbed by potassium hydroxide and the
resulting increase in volume determines C0 level. Flue gas
temperature measurements corresponding to each C 0
?
reading are
also recorded. Since dry flue gas loss is a function of t C0
and flue gas temperature, the heat loss in the dry flue gas can
be read from relevant tables.
(d) Dwyer Combustion Test Kit.
This method is based on exactly the same principle as the Fyrite
Combustion Test. Measurements of % C0 and flue gas temperature
are made at twenty minute intervals, and the dry flue gas losses
are obtained from charts as before.
Both the Fyrite and Dwyer measurements are accompanied by an
estimate of Smoke Number. Excessive Smoke is evidence of incom-
plete combustion of fuel so that in general the amount of heat
lost with incomplete burning of fuel will be small with light
smoke, and this fuel waste will increase as the smoke density
increases. An estimate of smoke density is made using a pump in
which smoke laden flue gas are drawn through a small area of
filter paper. A comparison is made between the resultant smoke
stain on the filter paper and the cTosest colour on a standard
graduated smoke scale, and the result obtained is known as the
smoke number. Maximum combustion efficiency is obtained by
(a) C 0~ % as high as possible.
(b) Smoke number as low as possible.
METHOD OF COMPILING RESULTS:-
Continuation sheet
Report,el. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / ]
Sheet no ]
E f f i c i e n c y d e t e r m i n a t i o n by d i r e c t m e t h o d : -
U a t a r e c o r d e d d u r i n g d i r e c t t e s t ewery 20 m i n u t e s :-
( a ) T i m e
(b) Temperature (Ambiant) tA
(c) Oil meter flow reading Qf
(d) Oil meter flow temperature T
0
(e) Oil meter return flow
(f) Boiler pressure
(g) Feedwater temperature
(h) Feedwater flow
R
'FW
(C)
( g a llo n s )
(C)
(gallons)
(bar)
(C)
( g a llo n s )
C a lc u la t i o n o f f e e d wa t e r f lo w r a t e a n d f u e l o i l f lo wr a t e .
I n i t i a l o i l f lo w r e a d i n g = Qf i
Fi n a l o i l f lo w r e a d i n g = Qf f
I n i t i a l o i l r e t u r n r e a d i n g = Qr i
Fi n a l Oi l r e t u r n r e a d i n g = Qr f
T h e r e f o r e , Ac t u a l o i l f lo w d u r i n g t e s t = ( Qf f - Qf i ) g a llo n s
Ac t u a l o i l r e t u r n d u r i n g t e s t = ( Qr f - Qr i ) g a llo n s .
U s i n g c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r s K
f
a n d K f o r f lo w a n d r e t u r n m e t e r s ,
Q
o
- Ac t u a l o i l f lo w = K
f
( Qf f - Q f i ) - K
r
( Qr f - Qr i ) g a llo n s
Q c a n be f o u n d i n k g m / s e c k n o wi n g t h e d e n s i t y o f o i l a t
t e m pe r a t u r e T
0
a n d t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e t e s t i n s e e s .
A s i m i la r r e s u lt is c a lc u la t e d f o r t h e f e e d wa t e r f lo w u s i n g
i n i t i a l a n d f i n a l r e a d i n g s . T h e a c t u a l f lo w i s c a lc u la t e d
u s i n g s pe c i f i c g r a v i t y c o r r e c t i o n a t f e e d wa t e r t e m pe r a t u r e L,
Continuation sheet
Report,el R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
13.
2.
Calculation of Energy in Steam.
Boiler pressure (p) and assuming saturated steam with dryness
fraction X then enthalpy of the steam can be found from:
H
s
= h+ XL (KJ/KG)
h = sensible heat in steam at temperature corresponding to satura
tion pressure P, from steam tables.
L = Latent heat at boiler pressure in the steam.
Heat in feedwater HW(KJ/KG) can be calculated using the seasible
heat in water =4. 2 KJ/ KGC multiplied by feedwater temperature
(TW)
The overall efficiencyNo
N
D= Q F W (
H
S
H
w
) / Q
0
(Calorific Value of oil + H
0
)
QpN = Feedwater flow rate (Kg/sec)
Q
0
= Fuel oil flow rate (Kg/sec)
Calorific value of fuel oil (KJ/Kgm)
H
Q
= Fuel oil enthalpy (KJ/Kgm) at temperature T
0
Efficiency Determination using Indirect Method.
(Orsat Flue Gas Analysis)
(a) Analysis of flue gas (Orsat apparatus)
(b) Analysis of fuel.
(a) yields % CO2, O2 CO, N2, etc. in flue gas
(b) yields % C, H, S, in fuel
c o
2
(kg)
Kg fuel
S_Q
2
(kg)
KG~TuTL
0 (kg)
KQ fuel
(%C in fuel)
(%S in fuel)
(kg.Dry h lue Gas
X (Molecular wt. CO2) (a)
(atomic wt. c)
X (Molecular wt. SO2)
(atomic wt. S)
X (kg Dry Flue Gas)
(b)
(c)
k g fl
= Excess O2 (kg) / kg fuel.
Theoretical O2 = ( 8/3 C + 8H + S 0) kg/kg fuel
Air consists of O2/N2 = 23/77
So N2 (kg) can be calculated using (theoretical + exess) O2 (kg)
KG FUEL FgTel
(d)
Continuation sheet
Report rel R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 14.
Adding ( a ) , ( b ) , ( c ) , ( d ) .
Total products of combustion by mass (dry) =
(C0
2
+ S 0
2
+ 0
2
+ N
2
) kg/kg fuel.
The energy lost to the flue gasses is equivalent to the increase
in enthalpy of the gasses:-
Qg= H
2
- Hi = cp (T2 - )
Therefore, energy carried away by dry products/kg fuel burned
= mg cp ( t
f l u e
- t
a t m o s p h e r e
)
where mg = mass of dry products formed per kg of fuel burned
cp = mean specific heat capacity of dry products.
*flue
= t e m
P
e r a t u r e
f exhaust gas at chimney base
atmos. = temperature of atmosphere in boiler house.
% loss = mg cp (tflue - t
a
tmos. ) (kj . kg fuel)
calorific value of fuel kg" fuel " k j
Combustion efficiency = 100% - % heat loss in flue gas.
Fyrite and Dwyer combustion test kits.
Measurements taken :-
(a) % C 0
2
in flue gas
(b) Temperature of the flue gas
(c) Smoke member to ensure complete combustion.
A standard table gives % stack loss corresponding to % COo in
the flue gas for a wide range of flue gas temperatures.
Combustion efficiency is calculated as in the tests using Orsat
apparatus;
Combustion ffficiency = 100% - % heat loss in flue gas.
Continuation sheet
- ' i ' ,'.- ? mi -
r . j
Repor,,el R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 1 5.
CLASSIFICATION OF TEST INSTRUMENTATION USED ON BOILERS RATED AT
0.8 mw, 6.6 mw, 5 mw, 10 mw, 11.6 mw.
INSTRUMENT MEASUREMENT
"Orsat" apparatus Gas Analyster
"Fyrite" gas analyster
"Dwyer" gas analyster
"Bacharach" spot smoke tester
Bundenberg standard test pressure
gauge.
"Crane" oil meter (20 mm)
(Series 11)
"Tyler" Watermeters (Type 61)
(50 mm and 80 mm)
Thermocouple temperature
measurement.
Dobbie M Inns separating and
throttling steam calorimeter
"Nalfloe conductivity meter
Concentration of 0, C 0
?
and CO in flue gas
samples.
Concentration of C 0
?
in flue gas samples.
Concentration of C0 in flue gas samples.
Density of smoke emmission in flue gases.
Records steam pressure.
Suitable for heavy fuel oil flow measuremeti
min
max
min
max
flow
flow
flow
flow
14 litres/hour
3
1.55 m /hour
50 mm 80 mm
137 456
10450 22730
(litres/hour)
Flue gas temperature
Feedwater temperature
Oil flow temperature
Ambient temperature
Steam quality
In practical tests carried out using both the "Nalfloe" conductivity
meter and the "Dobbie M
c
Innes" separating and throttling calorimeter
steam quality measurements proved to be erratic and inconsistent.
This was due to steam sampling difficulties as has already been explained.
In calculations performed on Direct (DIN) test results steam dryness fraction of
95% was assumed in all cases.
Continuation sheet
Ropo-, rei R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 16 .
CLASSIFICATION OF TESTS ON BOILERS RATED AT
0.8 m w, 6.6 m w, 5 m w, 8.3 m w, 10 m w, 11.6 m w.
'!irect test VDI/DIN 1942 (1956)
HR. 100% 60% 30% 0%
HR. 100% 60% 30% 0%
!ndirect test VDI/DIN 1942 (1956)
1 hr 100% 60% 30%
hr 100% 60% 30%
y ri te Combustion Test
. hr 100% 60% 30%
1 hr 100% 60% 30%
v.yer Combustion Test
4 hr 100% 60% 30%
" hr 100% 60% 30%
refers to the percentage of rate load at which test wa s performed.
" n r , 1 hr refers to test duration.
ACCURACY OF RESULTS
MEASUREMENT
U i ! volume
Water volume
Radiation losses
Halorific value o f oil
intimate analysis of oil
INSTRUMENT
Calibrated meter
Calibrated meter
Thermocouples
Bomb calorimeter
Spectrograph
ACCURACY
2. 0%
2. 0%
0.5%
0. 5%
1.0%
Continuation sheet
n- R/33/43/1
s ,,,, 17.
CO meter
Exhaust gas temp.
Meter and Recorder 3.0 %
Thermocouple 0.5 %
The accuracy of results obtained on Indirect tests:
(1) Direct method based on VDI/DIN code
(?) Indirect method based on Fyrite and Dwyer kits
(3) Direct method based on VDI/DIN code
n.%
n.5
3.9'
Four hour tests were performed for comparison and evaluation of results
obtained from Direct (DIN), Indirect (DIN), Fyrite and Dwyer test method'
similar procedure was adopted using results obtained from one hour
tests from which an estimate of overall thermal efficiency was obtained.
Continuation stieet
T E S T R E S U L T S
BOI LER RATED LOAD 5 MW
Report,el. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 1 P>,
hr
9.9
,6. 93

7
. 35
4 hr
81.72
74.98
74.60
1 hr
74.84
1 hr
81.35
75.69
77.22
4 hr
82. 70
76.17
76.04
1 hr
82.85
76.47
79.22
4 hr
82. 00
73.36
76.09
1 hr
81. 70
74.87
78.34
Surface losses = 2% of rated capacity at full load.
BOILER M I E D LOAD - 8.3 MW
hr
1.53
2.19
0.63
4hr
79.88
77.22
78.42
1 rrr
84.71
1 hr
79.28
77.85
78.16
4 hr
81.40
78.67
79.54
1 hr
82.70
80.07
80.34
4 hr
79.70
78.47
78.04
1 hr
79.33
77. n
78.b7
Surface usses = ?t of rated capacity at full load
^ U i l t l l l UdUUI I S l i t t i
-oad
100%
150%
Repo,,,el R/ 3 3 / 4 3/ 1
Sheet no 1 9 .
RATED CAPACITY OF BOILER UNDER TEST =0. 8 MW.
4 hr Test (DIN)
Direct Indirect
4 hr
80.86
81.42
4hr
79.13
77.00
1 hr Test (DIN) I Fyrite
Direct Indirect
1 hr 1 hr
81. 88
79.74
76. 43
4 hr 1 hr
81.80 81.30
78.96 80.06
Surface losses = 3.22% of rated capacity at full load.
Dwyer
4 hr 1 hr ,
80.48 80. 9/
:
J
78.06 77. P
1
:
RATED CAPACITY OF BOILER UNDER TEST - 10 MW
100%
60%
j 30%
4 hr
75. 46
86. 50
77. 09
4 hr
81. 80
78. 18
68. 06
1 hr
81. 52
1 hr
81. 70
78. 81
68. 34
4 hr
84. 46
78. 77
68. 79
1 hr
83. 46
80. 27
4 hr
82. 66
78. 02
64. 54
I hr
80. i', t
75. 3',
Surface losses = 2.54% of rated capacity at full load.
Continuation sheet
Repo,, rei R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
S,lee, no. 20 .
T E S T R E S U L T S
i 4hr
i 95.11
98.56
101.10
4 hr
81.03
72.84
71.09
BOILER
1 hr
83.31
RATED LOAL"
1 hr
81.24
73.51
71.84
6.6 MW
4 hr
82.13
74.64
73.48
1 hr
82.70
76.09
73.27
4 hr
81.43
73.34
71.47
1 hr
81.45
72.94
72.27
Surface losses = 2.8% of rated capacity at f ul l l oad.
Surface losses = 2% f rated capacity at f ul l l oad.
4 hr
1
82.38
79.96
82.55
4 hr
81.28
79.95
76.23
BOILER RATED LOAD
1 hr
84.02
1 hr
76.86
76.14
79.84
= 11.6 MW
4 hr
82.40
80.92
78.44
1 hr
78.50
78.07
81.54
4 hr
82.30
80.92
77.34
1 hr
76.50
77.07
80.04
L^oniinuaiion sneei
Repo,, ref. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 21.
COMPARISON OF RESULTS USING DIN INDIRECT Vs 'FYRITE', 'DWYER' CO,
MEASURES AND DIN DIRECT DETERMINATION.
BOILER
RATING
MW
0. 8
5.0
6.6
8. 3
10.0
11.6
LOAD
%
100
50
100
60
30
100
60
30
100
60
30
100
60
30
DETERMINED
USING ORSAT
APPARATUS
DIN INDIRECT
79. 13
77. 00
81. 72
74. 98
74. 60
81. 03
72. 84
71.09
79. 88
77. 22
78. 42
81. 80
78. 18
68. 06
81. 28
79. 75
76. 23
DIFFERENCE
DETERMINE!
'FYRITE'
+ 2. 67
+ 1.96
+ 0. 98
+ 1.19
+ 1. 44
+ 1.10
+ 1.80
+ 2. 38
+ 1.52
+ 1. 45
+ 1.12
+ 2. 66
+ 0. 59
+ 0. 73
+ 1.12
+ 1.17
+ 2. 21
" FROM EFFICIENCY AS
1 BY DIN INDIRECT
'DWYER'
+ 1.35
+ 1.06
+ 0. 28
- 1.62
+ 1.49
+ . 40
+ 0. 50
+ 0. 38
- 0.18
+ 1.25
- 0.38
+ 0.86
- 0.16
- 3.52
+ 1.02
+ 1.17
+ 1.11
DIRECT (DIN)
DETERMINATION
+ 1.73
+ 4.42
- 1.82
+ 1.95
+ 2.75
+ 14.08
+ 25.72
+ 30.01
+ 1.65
+ 4. 97
- 1.79
- 6.34
+ 8.23
+ 9.03
+ 1.1
+ 0.21
+ 6.32
NO-LOAD
SURFACE
LOSSES-
% OF RATING
3.22
2. 0
2. 8
2. 0
2.54
2. 0
Continuation sheet
Report ref. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. CC .
COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY VARIOUS TEST METHODS
Examination of the table shows that agreement of better than two
percentage points between Indirect, 'Fyrite' and 'Dwyer' tests was
obtained 85% of the time.
On the other hand comparison between Direct and Indirect (DIN)
shows that agreement of better than two percentage points occurred
only 41% of the time.
Since the results obtained from Indirect (DIN) method conform to DIN
specifications of accuracy (+ 0.96%) it can be concluded that the
'Fyrite' and 'Dwyer' methods are quite accurate. The results of
'Fyrite' and 'Dwyer' tests showed better agreement by a factor of
two over tests performed by the Direct method, when compared to
the Indirect (DIN) test results. Sources of errors in the Direct
tests would be most evident in the case of flow meter measurements
and in particular steam wetness due to the problems in steam sampling
as already described. Overall it may be concluded that the accuracy
and reliability of results obtained by the Direct test method is
suspect under normal boilerhouse test conditions.
continuation sneet
Report ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 23.
In a document by the EEC commission ent i t l ed "Code of good pract i ce
f or the performance t est i ng of a heat generator f or space heating and
the production of domestic hot water at a time of i nst al l at i on i n a
non-i ndust ri al bui l di ng" , (RUE-B No. 85 Apr i l 1979) the commission
states that operating ef f i ci ency wi l l be cal cul ated on si t e by the
i ndi r ect method since t hi s method wi l l reduce the durati on and the
cost of the t est . The di r ect t est method i s recommended f or
l aboratory use onl y.
Assessment of di r ect and i ndi r ect ef f i ci ency measurement techniques.
(a) Instrumentation and measurement.
A direct test requires measurement of oil flow, water flow, steam
temperature, pressure, etc. Each meter involved in these measure-
ments has its own percentage accuracy tolerance, so that the
cumulative error in the final result will be significant. On the
other hand, using the Fyrite or Dwyer Gas Analysers only two
measurements are required for the resulting combustion efficiency
with an accuracy superior to all measurements taken in the
direct test.
(b) Duration and cost of efficiency measurement.
The indirect test method requires less labour both for installing
the equipment and actual execution of the test. Taking into
consideration the reduced outlay on equipment makes a strong case
in favour of the indirect method of testing.
(c) Using the indirect method an indication can be obtained of burner
combustion performance and boiler internal condition.
The C 0
?
analysis will indicate whether unnecessary excess air
levels are being used. The flue temperature if excessive may
indicate fouling of heat transfer surfaces and this can be checked
by measuring smoke number.
Continuation sheet
Report rei R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 2 4 .
Recommendation based on the above analysis taki ng the EEC
document (RUE - No. 5 Apri l 1979) i nt o consi derati on
would st rongl y favour the i ndi r ect t est method pref erabl y
using the combustion t est k i t measurement technique.
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repo..,ef R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 2 5 .
E STIMATION OF R ADIATION L OSS:-
E stimation of radiation loss must be determined according to E .E .C.
commission document - R U E -B No. 8 5 which states that the radiation loss
can be measured by a choice of methods.
ME THOD (a) R adiation loss to be estimated by standard curves supplied
by the manufacturer.
ME THOD (b) R adiation loss to be estimated on the basis of the measured
surface temperature of the casing when the casing is divided up into
sufficiently small segments to ensure that the temperature variation
in simple segments are not too great. The surface area of the
segment and its temperature should be recorded.
The total loss can be tibtained by addition of losses from individual
segments -
R
T
= A-,W i+AoW
2
+...
where W = 5.7 2 X 10' * ( V -
T
'
The value of the temperature indicated by the instrument shall be that
of a black surface radiating corresponding energy T
i
( K)
T = temperature of ambient air ( K)
W /M'
Continuation sheet
Repor,,ef. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 26 .
Overal l
Thermal
Ef f i ci ency
(DIN)
84. 71
83. 31
74. 84
84. 02
81. 52
81. 88
1
Esti mates of over al l
I ndi r ect t est s.
I ndi r ect (DIN)
78. 55
77. 70
79. 36
77. 35
78. 66
79. 03
ef f i ci ency
Fy r i t e
81. 30
79. 45
80. 78
79. 11
82. 01
81. 03
' based on
Dwyer.
78. 56
77. 74
79. 58
77. 64
78. 37
80. 16
I
Boi l er |
Rat i ng
(MW)
8. 3
6. 6
5. 0
11. 6
10. 0
0. 8
Tests carri ed out over varying load ranges (100% - 60% -30%)
Estimates of overal l thermal ef f i ci ency based on I ndi r ect t est s
show reasonable agreement wi t h di r ect measurements only i n the
case of a boi l er rated at 0. 8 MW. A comparison may be made wi t h
the i ndi r ect (DIN) si mi l ar t o t hat performed wi t h f i xed l oadi ng
condi ti ons.
I ndi reet
! 78. 55
' 77. 70
! 79. 36
I 77. 35
78. 66
7Q.03
Fyr i t e
+ 2. 75
+ 1.75
+ 1.42
+ 1.76
f 3. 35
+ 2. 00
Dwyer
+ 0. 01
+ 0. 04
+ 0. 22
+ 0. 29
- 0. 29
+ 1.13
Di r ect
+ 6. 16
+ 5. 61
- 4. 52
+ 6. 67
+ 2. 86
+ 2. 85
Load (MW)
8. 3
6. 6
5. 0
11. 6
10. 0
0. 8
Continuation sneet
Rettori rel. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
ShofM no. C. f .
E xa m i n a t i o n of the a bo v e table shows that agreement of be t t e r than
two percentage points between I n d i r e c t , Fyrite and Dwy e r tests wa s
obtained 75% o f the t i m e . Comparison o f overall direct results to
Indirect shows that n o n e of the results gave agreement be t t e r than
two percentage points o v e r a range of six bo i le r s . To obtain an
overall assessment of the results a comparison wa s m a d e between
the combined I n d i r e c t , Fyrite and Dwy e r , and the Direct test. It
was found that in only 16% of the cases was agreement be t t e r than
two percentage points obtained. In general it may be concluded that
the Indirect test methods gave m o r e acceptable results than those
achieved during d i r e c t test m e t h o d s . It appears that the direct
method as applied to varying load conditions is subject to s i m i la r
wi d e variations over Indirect test r e s u lt s . Si m i la r results have
been obtained comparing Direct and Indirect test results under fixed
load c o n d i t i o n s .
Continuation shoot
Repo,,,el. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 28.
Variation of efficiency with load and its effect on overall thermal
efficiency.
/
Virin)
c
,. Lo at!
HEAT BALANCE FOR A BOILER
50
100
Useful heat External heat loss + Flue gas heat loss = Energy input.
(a) External heat losses.
Operation at full load ensures that the external heat losses
expressed as a percentage of the heat input will be relatively
smalli (less than 2% normally). The overall thermal efficiency
of a boiler which is operated at full load for long periods will
approach the maximum thermal efficiency attainable for that
boiler.
Operation at part load or low load for long periods means that
the external losses expressed as a percentage of boiler output are
more significant than as in the case of full load operation. As
a result overall thermal efficiency will be considerably reduced.
(b) Flue Gas Losses
Test results show that as the boiler load is reduced from 100%
to 30%, a corresponding reduction in flue gas temperature occurs.
At loads above 6 0% rating capacity, the decrease in flue gas loss
tends to compensate for the percentage increase in external loss
(A - B, Fig. (a) above). At loads below 6 0% boiler rating, the
increase in percentage external loss more than offsets the gain
in efficiency due to reduction in the temperature of the flue gas.
."' - ' ," . ' ' rl? vi ' " . . F . '
Continuation sheet
Report,.! R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 29.
The combination o f these losses m e a n s that at loads greater than
6 0 % boiler rating (A - B, F i g . (a) the efficiency remains fairly
c o n s t a n t but dropping rapidly w i t h reduction in load below 6 0 %
CA - C - D , Fig. (a ) .
IDLING LOSSES
During b u r n e r idle p e r i o d s , heat loss will o c c u r due to cool air
passing through the b o i l e r and becoming heated by b r i c k w o r k , steam
generating t u b e s , e t c . , In o r d e r to m a i n t a i n steam pressure during
standby p e r i o d s , the b o i l e r must be intermittenly fired to balance heat
lost during idle periods.
Cootinuation sheet
Repor, ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no.
30,
C O N C L U S I O N S
Extensive tests were carri ed out on si x i ndust r i al boi l er s
(0. 8 MW t o 11 MW) using f our ef f i ci ency measurement techniques:-
(a) Standard Di rect .
(b) Standard I ndi r ect .
(c) Bacharach Fyr i t e.
(d) Dwyer.
Results indicated that the accuracy and reliability of the
results obtained by the Direct test method is not acceptable
and that this method should be reserved for laboratory use
only.
The i ndi r ect measurement techniques were preferred t o the
di r ect technique si nce: -
(a) Di rect tests requi re measurements of o i l , water f l ow,
steam wetness, temperature, pressure et c. Fyr i t e and Dwyer
combustion tests requi re measurements of C02% and temperature
only to determine combustion ef f i ci ency.
(b) Less t i me, labour and cost are evi dent i n carryi ng out
ef f i ci ency measurements based on i ndi r ect methods.
(c) Referri ng to EEC document RUE-B No. 5 1979 and the t est
resul t s obtai ned, i t may be concluded t hat the i ndi r ect
ef f i ci ency t est method preferabl y using the combustion t est k i t
fpeasurernent technique i s t o be st rongl y favoured.
The proposed method to measure the overal l ef f i ci ency of
i ndust r i al boi l ers i s based on measurements of combustion
ef f i ci ency and f uel imput at regul ar i nt er val s over a dai l y
peri od. (See procedural manual f or det ai l s) .
Cont i nuat i on shoot
Report rel R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 31
Overall Thermal E fficiency = h. + h +
H + H. + H
0
+
o c
(Mass of steam produced at load L .) (Total heat of steam - heat in
feed water)
(Mass of fuel oil flow at load L . ) (Calorific value of oil)
E nergy input required to balance heat losses from boiler during
standby periods.
Thermal
E fficiency
(Load = L .) is n.
H
i
But . ~ n
ci -
r
i
n
ci
Combustion efficiency using indirect efficiency measurement
technique
r
i
= % Radiation loss
= (
n
ci -
r
i >
H
i
So overall thermal efficiency =
( n
ci " V ^
+ i n
c
2
"

2
)
2
+
H
+ H, + H
9
+

Continuation sheet
Repor, ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. OC
he overal l thermal ef f i ci ency depends one-
fa) N Combustion ef f i ci ency, which may be estimated using the
i ndi r ect method ( i . e. Fyri t e or Dwyer t est k i t s ) .
(b) r Radiation loss can be estimated from manufacturers data or
from independent t est data.
(c) H Energy consumed i n the fuel which can be cal cul ated by measuring
the amount of fuel used (flowmeter readings) over a given peri od.
Assuming t hat the i nt er val between measurements of N and H i s
a
c
6t - (tp - t,) = ( t ^ - t
?
) = et c. , the tabl e below gives the
measurements necessary to evaluate overal l ef f i ci ency.
Time t , t
0
t_ t
I 3 n
% Load L
n
L
0
L.. L
l c 3 n
Combustion Ef f i ci ency n , n n
0
n
J
cl c2 c3 en
i".
:
dss flow of fuel m, m m, m
1 2 3 n
Where ( t - t . ) = Period over which overal l ef f i ci ency i s to be
eval uated.
Continuation sheet
Report ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 33.
Overall efficiency can now be calculated for period (t - t,)
according to the formula as proposed where
H. = m. (Calorific value of fuel)

v
'
N . = Combustion efficiency at load L . (%)
R adiation loss (%) at load L .
Advantages of the proposed method of measuring overall efficiency:
(a) Proposed method depends on the measurement of combustion efficiency
which can be carried out quickly accurately and at low cost using
the ' Fyrite' or ' Dwyer' combustion test kits .
(b) Proposed method eliminates measurements associated with steam
and feed water flow.
(i) Steam dryness fraction is extremely difficult to measure with
an acceptable degree of accuracy. By eliminating this measurement
a signigicant improvement in accuracy over results using the
direct measurement technique is achieved.
(ii) Steam flow rate measured under test conditions is liable to
errors of + 2%. Proposed method eliminates this error from
the overall efficiency figure.
DIRECT TEST
Cont i nuat i on shoot
Repor, ref R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 3 4 .
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
flow
Enthalpy of feedwater
Ef f i ci ency
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel fl ow
Average feedwater
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
flow
Enthalpy of feedwater
F f f i r i p n r v
5 MW
100 %
4 hr
7.73 kg/min
108.10 kg/min
10.90 bar
2680.6 kJ/kg
352.8 kJ/kg
1 3

9
* (
2328
) 100 = 79.9 %
40735
5 MW
60 %
4 hr
3.665 kg / min
49.309 kg/min
10.94 bar
2681 kJ/kg
351 kJ/kg
49.309 2330 100 = 76.9
3.665 40735
DIRECT TEST
Report r
ef
R/33/43/1
Sher;t no. 3 5 .
Boi l er Rat i ng
Load
Durat i on of Test
Average f uel f l ow
Average feedwater f l ow
Boi l er pressure
Enthal py of steam
Enthal py of feedwater
Ef f i ci ency
5 MW
30 t
4 hr
2.A3 kg/mi n
32.515 kg / min
i n. 7 bar
2680.5 kJ/ kg
325.5 kJ
32.515 2355
100 = 77.35 %
2.43 40735
Boi l er Rat i ng
Load
Durat i on of Test
5 MW
Overall test
3 hours
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
4,7 0 kg/min
60.99 ka/min
Boiler pressure
E nthalpy of steam
10.7 6 bar
2fiR0.5 k.l/kn
E nthalpy of feedwater 331. R U/ k q
Ef f i ci ency ^i
x
Z25LZ
x 100
__
1RMt
4. 70 40735
Continuation sheet
II,,pon rel.
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Durat i on of Test
l ue Gas Anal ysi s
C0
?
13.325
0
o
2.9
N
9
83.775
5 MW
100 %
4 l i r
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1 %
H 11.3 %
3.87 %
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
C0
?
3.078 kq
SO, 0.(1774 k q
N., ]0.f60 k(|
R/33/43/1
36.
% by mass of Products of Combustion
co., io. 38
c
N
3.06
77.548
kq of Carbon
Kq Dry I lue Cas
kg o(_ ()ry_ f lue Gas
kq Fuel 0.0528
Exces
-
;,
Total mass of N
Mass of CO.,
Mass of SO.,
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss
0.1038 12/44 0.0528 kg
0.841
15.928 kq
0.487
12.300
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of N
?
/kg of fuel
3.078 kg of CO^/kg of fuel
0.0774 kg of SO^/kg of fuel
15.04 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 15,4 (244-20)
= R RR
,
40735
. unt i mi , i t u m shoe)
Report,el R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Shel no .j / .
INDIR FCT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
flue Gas Analysis
CO,
0,
N,
6.9
11. 4
HI. 7
7
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
5 MW
6 0 %
4 hr
Fuel
C
H
S
Analysis
PI .4
11. 3
3.R 7
f,0
?
SO
t
N
3. 07 8
0. 07 7 4
10. 6 6 9
?
% by m a s s of Products of Combustion
CO., m . 27
kg
Kg
kg_
2
N
2
of Carbon
Dry Flue Gas
of Dry riue
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
Total mass of IN
Ma;
Ma:
;s of C 0
?
is o f S 0
o
12.
77.
Gas
2
34
30
-
0. 1027 12/44 = 0. 028 kq
0.8 41
0. 028
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss
= 30. 03 kg
3.7 06 kg of 0
2
/ k g of fuel
23. 06 9 kg of N
2
/ k g of fuel
3. 07 8 kg o f C 0
2
/ k g of fuel
0. 07 7 4 kg o f S 0
2
/ k g of fuel
29. 03 kg DFG/kg of fuel
20. 03 1.01 _x (217 . 00-21. 04)
407 35
14. 47
Continuation sheet
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C0
2
8.1
0
2
9.78
N
2
82.12
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
: 5 MW
: 30 %
4 hr
Repor, ,ef. R / 3 3 / 43 / 1
Sheet no. 3 8 .
Fuel Analysis
C
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
co
2
S0
?
N
2
3.
0
10.
% by mass of Products
co
2
2
N
2
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess 0
?
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of SOp
12
10.
77
=
078
0774
669
of Combustion
00
54
46
0.12 12/44 = 0

8 4 1
25.718
0.0327
2.710
19.743
3.078
0.0774
Products of Combustion = 25.609
Flue gas loss =
1.01 25
84.1
3.87
11.30
.0327
kg
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
.609 (204-22.5) ..
}}

9 r
40735
continuation sheet
n
"""" R/33/43/1
Sliei'l no 3 9 .
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Durat i on of Test
Fl ue Gas Anal ysi s
CO,
0,
13.3
3.6
83.10
5 MW
Over al l (100 %)
1 hr
Fuel Anal ysi s
C 4. 1
H
S
3.87
11.30
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
CO
2
N
2
3.078
10.669
% by mass of Products of Combustion
co
2
19.33
0
2
3.80
N
2
7 6.8 7
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
=
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess 0
2
Total mass of Np
Mass of C0p
Mass of S0p
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss
:
0.1933 12/44 = 0.0527
0.841
0.0527
= 15.
0.606
12.698
3.078
0.07 7 4
16.45
06
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of Np/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
16.45 1.01 (246-20)
4735
9.22 %
Continuation sheet
R ep o, , r ef . R / 33/ 43/ 1
40 . Sheet no.
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
7.50
0
2
10.80
Np 81.70
Stoichiometric
co
2
so
2
Np
: 5 MW
: 60 %
: 1 hr
; Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H 3.87
S 11.30
Products of Combustion
3.078
0.0774
10.669
% by mass of Products of Combustion
C0p
2
Np
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
11.13
11.66
77.20
0
~
kg of Dry Flue Gas 0
kg Fuel 0
Excess 0
o
Total mass of N
?
Mass of C0p
Mass of S0p
=
=
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss *
.1113 12/44 = 0.0303

41
= 27.755 kq
.0303
3.236 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
21.503 kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
3.078 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.0774 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
?7.89 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 27.89 199
= 13.76
40735
^ U l I n i i U i H J I i J I I U C I
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 4 1 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
100 %
4 hr ( Fy r i t e)
% C0
14. 60 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
2470C
20c
EFFICIENCY
84. 70 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
100 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% CO,
14. 30 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
?*7C
EFFICIENCY
84.00 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Hopor i r e l.
R/33/43/1
Sheet n o. 4 2 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
60 %
4 h4 (Fyrite)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
7.7 %
2 2 7 ^
2 2 ^
EFFICIENCY 79.50 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
60 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
7.18 %
? 2 7 ^
EFFICIENCY
76.49 %
v ' J I I I I U j U l t O H J I I C ' U l
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no 4 3 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
30 %
4 hr ( Fyr i t e)
% CO, 8. 6 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
EFFICIENCY

o
203 C
2 2^:
82.70 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
30 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% CO, 7. 9 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
o
?m r
EFFICIENCY 82. 75 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Repon ref.
R/33/43/1
44.
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
100 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% C O,
14.3 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
?4?C
20C
EFFICIENCY
84. 85 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
5 MW
100 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% C O,
13.3 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
243C
EFFICIENCY
83. 70 %
Continuation sheet
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
H" | mi l I
R/33/43/1
.,,,,,,.,, 45.
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
5 MW
6 0 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% CO, 7.3 %
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
217 f
20 C
E FFICIE NCY 7 9.8 0 %
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
5 MW
60 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% CO, 7 .4 %
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
?17C
EFFICIENCY 78.20 %
Cont i nuat i on sheet
[DIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
port ,!
R/33/43/1
.... 46.
' r . ' l . n RAI !<-
LOAD
DURATION OF TES!
' " MW
30 '/.
1 hr ( F y r i t e )
% ro
:;TACI< lb MP
AMBIENT TEMP
11.5 %
o
i ? r
o
po r
TflCUNCY
85.875
WiLEf' '"'' N''
LOAD
pi T f T ' nh\ ,- ~
;
, C O p
STAC!; TEMP
AMD 1 El
1
'f TEMP
I
' i r (Dwyer)
I I . 20 ?
o
12 <
6RF
'1CENCY
85. Of! ;,
continuation sneet
DI RECT TEST
Heportrel R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 47 .
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Effi ci ency
8. 3 MW
100 %
4 hr
8.948 kg/mi n
124.627 kg/mi n
11.103 bar
2681 kJ/ kg
290 kJ/ kg
13.928 2391
100 81 .53
40848
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Effi ci ency
:
:
*
:
:
:
8. 3 MW
60 %
4 hr
7.074 kg/min
100.914 kg/min
10.88 bar
2681 kJ/kg
327.6 kd/kq
14.265 2353.4
100 = 82.10 %
40845
Cont i nuat i on sheet
DIRECT TEST
Report,el. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. " u .
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater :
Ef f i ci ency :
8.3 MW
30 %
4 hr
4.37 kg/min
58.54 kg/min
11 bar
2681 kJ/kg
344 kJ/kg
13.396 2337
100 = = 76.63
40856
Boiler Rating
Load
Dur at i on of Test
8. 3 MW
ov er al l t es t
3 hr
Average f uel f l ow
Average feedwater f l ow
7.027 kq/mi n
103.15 kg/mi n
Boi l er pressure
Ent hal py of steam
11.25 bar
2685.8 kJ/ kg
Ent hal py of feedwater 327.6 kJ/ kg
Ef f i ci ency 14.679 2357.2
40845
100 = 84.71 %
Repor, ,e, R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no "-*
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas
COp
2
Np
Analysis
9.95
7.37
82.68
8.3 MW
100 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
C 0
2
3.078 kg
SOp 0.0774 kg
N. 10.64 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
11.3
3.87
COp
Op
Np
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
14
7
77
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of N,
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
2

65
.89
.46
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss
0.1465 12/44 = 0.0399 kg
0.841
0.0399
21.07 kg
1.662
16.21
3.078
0.0774
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of f uel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 21.03 209.34 .
l n 0
40735
Cont i nuat i on sheet
Repor, rei R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheiit no 5 0 .
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Ga
COp
2
Np
s Analysis
.566
9.100
82 .334
I N D I R E C T T E S T ( D I N )
8.3 MW
60 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H
S
11.3
3.87
Stoi chi ometri c Products of Combustion
COp 3.078
SO, 0.0774
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp
2
N
2
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of f
Mass of COp
Mass of S0
o
12.
9.
77.
Gas
'2
67
80
53
-
0.1267 12/44 = 0.0345
0.841
0.0345
2 4.37 kg
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
2 .389
18.64
3.078
0.0774
2 4.18
1.01
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of Np/kg of fuel
kg of COp/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
2 4.18 2 03 _
1 ? 1 7

40735
Cont i nuat i on shoot
Report ref R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 5 1
Boiler R ating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
12.5
0
2
4.133
N 8 3.357
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
8.3 MW
30 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C 8 4.1
H 11.3
S 3.8 7
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
CO,
SO,
3.07 8 kg
0.07 94 kg
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
C0
2
18.21
Op 4.38
Np 77.41
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
=

1 8 2 1
kg of Dry Flue Gas . 0.841
kg Fuel 0.04966
Excess Op =
Total mass of N
2
=
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0p
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
12/44
= 16.935 kg
0.74 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
13.123 kg of N
?
/kg of fuel
3.078 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.0794 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
17.0204 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 17.204 182.5 .
7 7 r
407 35
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
52.
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
Flue Gas
COp
2
Np
Analysis
9.7 %
7.4 %
8 2. 9 %
8 .3 MW
100 %
1 hr
Fuel
C
H
S
Analysis
8 4.1
11.3
3.97
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
C 0
2
3.07 8 kg
SOp 0.07 7 4 kg
No 10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 14.3
Op 7 .93
Np 7 7 .7 6
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
0.143
0.841
0.039
=
=
=
=
=
12/44 = 0.039
= 21.564
1.71 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
16.36 kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
3.07 8 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.07 7 4 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
21.23 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 21.23 218 .6 .
1
rj v
40735
Mi.... M
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C0
2
8.86
0
2
8.93
N
2
82.21
Report ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. Do.
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
: 8.3 MW
: 60 %
: 1 hr
: Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
11.3
S 3.87
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
co
2
so
2
N
2
3.078
0.0794
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp
2
Np
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
13.09
9.597
10.64
0.1309 12/44 = 0.0357
kg of Dry Flue Gas 0.841 _
2 3 ?
kg Fuel 0.0357
Excess Op
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
2
2.259 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
18.208 kg of N
?
/kg of fuel
3.078 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.0794 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
Products of Combustion = 23.624 kg DFG/kg of fuel
Flue gas loss =
1.01 23.624 (197) .
u
^

40735
Continuation sheet
Repor,,.f. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 54.
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 12.000
Op 4.700
N
2
83.300
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
8.3 MW
Overall
1 hr
(30%)
Fuel Analysis
C
H
S
8 4.1
11.3
3.8 7
C0
2
3.078
SO, 0.0794
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp
2
N
2
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Ga<
kg of Dry Flue
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
17 .53
4.99
7 7 .48
Gas
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of S 0
o
0.1753 12/44 = 0.0473 kg
0.R41
0.0473
17.78 kq
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
0.887
13.61
3.078
0.0794
17.654
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of SOp/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 17.654 182
40735
= 7.06 %
Continuation sheet
0 Ktofjit '^^
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND D W Y E R )
Repor, iel
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 5 5 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
1 0 0 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% C O ,
1 0 .5
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
?32C
22
EFFICIENCY
83.40
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
1 0 0 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% C O ,
1 0 .7
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
231 C
EFFICIENCY
81.70 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Repor, ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 5 6 ,
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
60 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% C O, 9.3
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
221 C
20.5C
EFFICIENCY 82 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
60 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
9.2
2 2 1 ^
EFFICIENCY
81.8 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Repor, rol
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 5 7 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8. 3 MW
30 %
4 hr ( Fy r i t e )
% C0
r
12.79
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
201 C
240C
EFFICIENCY 86.2 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
30 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
12.0
202C
EFFICIENCY
84.70 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Re por , ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet n o. D O .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
100 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% CO, 11.0
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
232C
20C
EFFICIENCY 84.70 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
8. 3
100
1
10.
232
MW
%
hr
33
C
(Dwyer)
EFFICIENCY 81.33 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
continuation sheet
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 5 9 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
6 0 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% COp
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
9.2 %
o
227 C
o
20 C
EFFICIENCY
83.4 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8.3 MW
60 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
0.6
o
227 C
EFFICIENCY 80.P, %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Re por , ref.
R/33/43/1
Shoe, no. 6 0 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
8 . 3 MW
3 0 %
1 hour ( Fyr i t e)
% CO,
12. 33 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
17C
2<">C
EFFICIENCY
8 7 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
:
fi
.
: 3f
:
1
3 MW
) %
hour
% CO,
12.3 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
. o
in ; c
EFFICIENCY 85.33 %
I Wfffik.
DIRECT TEST
We i R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 6 1 .
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
0.8 MW
50 %
4 hr
0.3632 kg/min
4.835 kg/min
8.07 bar
2677 kJ/kg
125.35 kJ/kg
13.312 2551.65
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
:

:

44718
0.8 MW
100 %
4 hr
1.0894 kg/min
14.178 kg/min
7.53 bar
2669.7 kJ/kg
77.5 kJ/kg
13.014 2592.2
= 81.42 %
41718
= 80.86 %
DIRECT TEST
Continuation sheet
R^iref R/ 33/ 43/ 1
62,
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
0.8 MW
Overall load t est
2 hr
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
0.7316 kg/min
9.935 kg/min
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
7.34 bar
2662.5 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of feedwater
147 kJ/kg
Ef f i ci ency
13.580 2515.5
41718
81.88
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
E nthalpy of steam
E nthalpy of feedwater
E fficiency
Continuation sheet
Repo,!,cl. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
63.
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 12.24
0.8 MW
1 00 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C 85.6
Op 4.0 H 13.7
Np 83.76 S 0.6
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
C 0
2
3.138 kg
S 0
2
0.012 kg
Np 11.20 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
CO, 17.88
4.25
77.87
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess 0
2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
o
0.1788 12/44 = 0.0487
0.856
= 17.55
0.0487
" 0.744
13.665
' 3.138
0.012
Products of Combustion = 17.559
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of SOp/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
Flue gas loss =
17.559 1.01 230.5
41718
= 9. 8 %
Continuation shoot
Repor,,ef. R/33/43/1
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
9.7
O p ' 7 .27 5
Np 8 3.025
Stoichiometric Products
COp 3.138
SOp 0.012
Np 11.20
Sheet no. O H .
: 0.8 MW
: 50 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C
1
H
S
of Combustion
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 14.30
Op 7 .8 0
Np 7 7 .90
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas .
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
0.143 12/44
0.8 55
21
0.039
1.7 09
16.8 5
3.138
-
0.012
21.7 1
21.7 1 1
8 5 . 5
13.7
0.6
= 0.039
92
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of Np/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
01 17 2.25
9 > 0 5 %
41718
v^oiuiiiuaiion sneet
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
12.06
0
2
3.97
N
2
8 3.97
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Stoichiometric Products
c o
2
3.138
: 0.8 MW
: 100 %
1 hr
Fuel
C

S
of Combustion
kg
R eport ref.
Sheet no.
Analysis
8 5.5
13.7
0.6
R/3
6 5 .
S 0
2
0.012 kg
Np 11.20 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
CO,
12.06 44
3.97 32
8 3.97 28
= 530.64
= 127.04
= 2351.16
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess 0
2
Total mass of Np
Mass of C0
2
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss
3008.84
0.1764 12/44
0.855 44
0.1764 12
- 0.75
* 13.71
3.14
0.012
- 17.612
17.64 %
4.22 %
78.14 %
100.00 %
= 17.77
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 17.612 215
41718
= 9 .16 %
Continuation sheet
fy M - * ' :
,iy(C'
!
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 9.9
0
2
7.1
N
2
83.0
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)

0.8 MW
5 0 %
1 hr
Fuel
c
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
c o
2 3.138 kg
Sheet no
Analysis
85 .5
13.7
0.6
R ep or , ref R /33/43/1
66.
SOp 0.012 kg
Np 11.20 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 9.9
Op 7.1
Np 83.0
kg of Carbon .
Kg Dry F l u e Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
E xc e s s 2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C 0
2
Mass of SOp
X
X
X
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
44 = 435.6
32 = 227.2
28 = 2324.0
2986.8
0.1458 12 /44
0.855 4 4
0.1458 12
1.636
16.677
3.138
0.012
21.463
1.01 21
14.48 %
7.61 %
77.81 %
100.00 %
21.50
kg o f 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg o f N
2
/ k g of fuel
kg o f C 0
2
/kg o f fuel
kg o f S 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg o f fuel
.463 183
5 5
-
4 1718
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 6 7 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
0.8 Mw
1 00 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% CO
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
1 2 .1 2 5 %
230OC
2.
EFFICIENCY
84.3 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
0.8 MW
1 00 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
* c o
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
1 2 .9 8 %
?30C
EFFICIENCY 83.7 *
.'*
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
R u
" R /33/43/1
Shod no O n ,
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% C0
0.8 MW
5o %
4 hr (Fyrite)
9.2 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
167C
20r
EFFICIENCY
85.4 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% c o
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
0.8 MW
50 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
8.65 %
160 <C
EFFICIENCY 84.5 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Re por , ici
R/33/43/1
She c, no 6 9 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% COp
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
0.8 MW
100 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
12.25 %
2280C
15.5C
EFFICIENCY
84.52 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
0.8 MW
100 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
13.025 %
236C
EFFICIENCY
84. 18 %
ffltj
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report ref.
Sheet n o.
R/33/43/1
70.
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
0.8 WM
50 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% CO, 10.0 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
183C
20C
EFFICIENCY 86.5 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
0. 8 MW
50 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
9.6 %
1P9C
EFFICIENCY 83.7 %
VAI I I I I I I Ui UI OI I S U C C I
DIRECT TEST
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
71
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
fl ow
Enthalpy of feedwater
Effi ci ency
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel fl ow
Average feedwater
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
flow
6.6 MW
60 %
4 hr
5.058 kg/min
78.489 kg/min
15.84 bar
2697 kJ/kg
201 kJ/kg
78.489 2496
5.058 39296
6.6 MW
30 %
4 hr
3.17 kg/min
48.738 kg/min
15.91 bar
2697 kJ/kg
98.56 %
Enthalpy of feedwater
113 kJ/kg
Ef f i ci ency
48.738 2584
3.17
392Q6
101. 1 %
Cont i nuat i on sheet
DIRECT TEST
Repor, ref. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 72.
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
6.6 MW
100 %
4 hr
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Ef f i ci ency
9.619 kg/min
147.21 kg/min
15.83 bar
2698 kJ/kg
255.8 kJ/kg
15.304 2442.2
39296
= 95.11 %
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
6.6 Mw
Overall test load
3 hrs
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
5.938 kg/min
79.69 kg/min
15.84 bar
2697 kJ/kg
257.5 kJ/kg
13.42 2439.5
39296
= 83.31
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
L-oniinuation sheet
Repor, ref R/33/43/1
Shout no. ' J .
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
CO,
0,
12.2
4.6
8 3.2
6.6 MW
100 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C 8 4.8 0
H 11.20
Np 8 3.2 S 4.0
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
CO,
SO,
3.11
0.08
10.56
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp
Op
N
2
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Ga;
kg of Dry Flue
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
Total mass of 1
Mass of C 0
9
Mass of S0
o
!
17 81
4.8 8
77
Gas
h
31
-~ 0.1781 12/44 = 0.04857
0.848
0.04860 = 17.449
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas lcks =
0.85 kg of Op/kg of fuel
13.38 kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
3.11 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.08 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
17.42 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 17.42 210.5
39296
9.42 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
6.6 MW
60 %
4 hr
Repor, ,ef. R/33/43/T
She! no. 74.
Flue Gas Analysis :
COp 6.9
Op 11.6 H
Np 81.5 S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
Fuel Analysis
C 84.8
11.2
4.0
CO,
SO,
3.11
0.08
10.56
t by mass of Products of Combustion
CO, 10.269
12.554
77.178
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel 0.028
Excess Op =
Total mass of N
?
=
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp =
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
0.10267 12/44 = 0.028
0.848
= 30.285
3.80 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
23.28 kg of N
?
/kg of fuel
3.11 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.08 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
30.27 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 30.27 204
39296
15.87
t-uiiiiiiuaiiuii sneer.
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
I
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 7.8
0
2
10.4
Np 8 1.8
: 6.6
: 30 %
4 hr
Report ,e. R / 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no 7 5 .
MW
: Fuel Analysis
C
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
COp 3.11
SOp 0.08
Np 10.56
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 11.57
Op " -22
Np 7 7 .21
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
E xcess Op =
Total mass of Np =
Mass of C 0
2
Mass of S 0
2
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
8 4. 8
11.2
4.0
.
0.1157 12/44 = 0.03155
0.8 48
0.0315
3.02
20.67
3.11
0.08
26.8 8
1.01 26
= 26.8 7 4
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
. 8 8 X 18 7 . 5 _ 9 o/
39296
Continuation shoot
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 12.2
Op 4.5
Np 8 3.3
: 6.6 MW
: 100 %
1 hour
Report ref R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 7 6 .
: Fuel Analysis
C
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
COp 3.11
SOp 0.08
Np 10.56
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 12.2
Op 4.5
Np 8 3.3
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
E xcess Op
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C 0
2
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
44 = 536.
32 = 144
28 = 2332.
3013.
17 .8 12/44
0.8 48 44
0.17 3 12
0.8 4
13.37
3.11
0.08
17 .40
17 .40 1.01
8
4
2
kg
kg
kg
kg
8 4. 8
11.2
4.0
17 .8 %
4.8 %
7 7 .4 %
100. 0 %
17 .47
of Op/kg of fuel
of Np/kg of fuel
of C0
2
/kg of fuel
of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
2 0 2
= 9.03 %
39296
^ U i i U i i U d l i U I I i i t t i
Ref tor t rel.
Sheet no
INDIRECT TEST (DIN]
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Ga
c o
2
2
N
2
s Analysis
6.9
11.3
81.8
Stoic hiometric Produc ts
:
:
6.6 MW
60 %
1 hour
of Combustion
Fuel
C
H
S
Analysis
84.8
11.2
4.0
CO,
SO,
3.11
0.08
10.56
% by mass of Products of Combustion
CO,
N,
6.9
11.3
81.8
44
32
28
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas _
kg Fuel
Excess 0
2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
= 303.6
= 361.6
= 2290.4
2955.6
0.1028 12/44
0.848 44
0.1028 12
3.70
22.94
3.11
0.08
10.28 %
12.23 %
77.49 %
100.00 %
= 30.24
R/33/43/1
77.
Products of Combustion = 29.83
Flue gas loss *
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 2 9.83 195.5
392 95
= 14.99 %
Continuation sheet
IND IRECT TEST (D IN)
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 8.1 %
Op 10.0 %
Np 81.9 %
6.6 MW
30 %
1 hour
Report rei. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no.
78.
Fuel Analysis
C 8 4.8 %
H
S
11.2 %
4.0 %
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
CO,
SO,
3.11
0.08
10.56
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 8.1 44
Op 10.0 32
HL 81.9 28
0.12 12/44
0.848 44
0.12 12
2.79
19.91
3.10
0.08
25.89
356.4
320
2293.2
2969.6
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
12.00 %
10.78 %
77.22 %
100.00 %
25.91
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 25.89 180
39296
11.98 %
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no 7 9 .
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
6.6 MW
100 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% COp
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
12.2 %
230.5C
17 .5C
E FFICIE NCY 8 4.93 %
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
20 10 lbs/hr
100 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% c o
2
STACK TtMr
AMBIE NT TE MP
12. 5 %
790
E FFICIE NCY 8 4. 23%
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet n o. Q #
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
60 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% CO,
7.4 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
211 C
14C
EFFICIENCY 79.3 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
60 %
4 hr (Dwyer)
% CO,
6.9
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
211 C
EFFICIENCY 78.0 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
uoniinuaiion sneet
Repon ruf.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no n i .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
30 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% C 0
?
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
8 . 9 %
200C
i7r.
EFFICIENCY
82.8 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
30 %
4 hour (Dwyer)
% CO,
7.7%
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
o
199 C
EFFICIENCY
80.8 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYE R)
Continuation sheet
Repo
"
re
' R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet n o. Oc .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
100 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
EFFICIENCY
12. 8 %
2.31 C
12. 9C
85.5 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
100 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% COp
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
12.5 %
?23C
EFFICIENCY 84. 25 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
v^oniinuation sneet
,hpw
"
-
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 8 3 .
1
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
60 %
1 hour (Fyrite)
% CO,
7.5 %
v_
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
EFFICIENCY
2?
90
C
9.8C
80.75 %
L
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
60 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
*
C 0
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
7.0 %
216C
EFFICIENCY
77.6 %
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheelno. 8 4 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% COo
6.6 MW
30 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
8.0
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
EFFICIENCY
9.30C
82.6 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
6.6 MW
30 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
* co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
8.1
2m oc
EFFICIENCY 81.6 %
DIRECT TEST
Repor,,ef. R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 85 .
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
11.6 MW
100 %
4 hr
14.594 kg/min
203.78
10.80
2679.25
275.9
13.963
kg/mi n
bar
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
2403.35
100 82.38 %
40735
L
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
: 11.6 MW
: 60 %
4 hr
: 13.154 kg/min
183.46 kg/m1n
10.8 bar
: 2679.25 kJ/kg
349.6 kJ/kg
13.947 2329.65
40735
100 = 79. 76 %
Continuation sheet
DIRECT TEST
Repor, ref. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 86 .
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
11.6 MW
30 %
4 hr
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater fl ow
5.596 kg/min
79.917 kg/min
Boi l er pressure
Enthalpy of steam
10.35 bar
2678.3 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of feedwater 323.4 kJ/kg
E fficiency 1 4

2 8 x 2 3 5 4

9
100 = 8 2. 5 5 %
407 35
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
11.6 MW
Overall
3 hr
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
11.53 kg/min
168 .8 39 kg/min
Boiler pressure
E nthalpy of steam
10.23 bar
267 8 kJ/kg
E nthalpy of feedwater 340.2 kvl/kg
Ef f i ci ency 14.64 2337.8
40735
100 = 84.02 %
Continuation sheet
_
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 12.625
. Op 3.84
Np 83.535
Stoichiometric Products
C0
2
3.08
: 11.6 MW
: 100 %
: 4 hr
Fue'
C
H
S
of Combustion
S0
2
0.0774
Np 10.65
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 18.41
Op 4.07
Np 77.52
kg of Carbon

n cl r
. = 0.1841 12/44 =
Kg Dry Flue Gas
Repor, ,e. R /33/43/1
Sheet no. 8 7 .
1 Analysis
84
11.3
3.87
0.0502
kg of Dry Flue Gas . 0.84 _
1C 7<? k Q
kg Fuel 0.0502
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of C 0
2
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
= 0. 6 7 3
= 12. 903
3.08
= 0. 07 7 4
= 16 . . 7 33
1.01 16 . 7 33
kg of 0
2
/kg
kg of N
2
/kg
kg of C0
2
/kg
kg of S0
2
/kg
kg DFG/kg of
224.04
3f fuel
3f fuel
of fuel
of fuel
fuel
9.29 %
40735
Continuation sheet
^I^||^%^|
Ropon rel R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
88. Sheet no.
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 11.216
Op 5.65
Np 83.134
Stoi chi ometri c Products
COp 3.08
SOp 0.0774
Np 10.65
: 11.6 MW
; 60 %
: 4 hr
Fuel Analysis
C
H
S
of Combustion
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 16.43
Op 6.02
Np 77.54
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
0.1643 12/44
84.0
11.3
3.87
= 0.04480
0 , 8 4
= 18.746 kq
0.0448
1.128
14.428
3.08
0.0774
18.713
1.01 18
1
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of f uel
kg of C0
2
/kg of f uel
kg of S0
2
/kg of f uel
kg DFG/kg of f uel
.713 210.5 o 7 <y
40735
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
Sheet no.
R/33/43/1
89.
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
C0
2
9.44
0
2
8.20
N
2
82.36
Stoichiometric Products
C0
2 3.08
S0
2 0.0774
of
: 11.6 MW
:
30 %
4 hr
Fuel Analysi
C 84.0
H 11.3
S 3.87
Combustion
17.16
% by mass of Products of Combustion
CO,
N.
13.92
8.79
77.29
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas _
kg Fuel
Excess 0
2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
2
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss
0.1392 12/44 = 0.03796
0.84
0.03796
= 22.126
1.945 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
17.160 kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
3.08 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.0774 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
22.26 kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 x 22.26 180.2
40735
= 9.94 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
COo
Wj$
Repor,,.f. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
S h ee, n o. 90.
0,
6.5
12.0
81.5
11.6 MW
100 %
1 hour
Fuel
C
H
S
Anal ysi s
8.1
11.3
3.87
%
%
%
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
COp 3.08 kg
SO, 0.0774 kg
Np 10.65 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 65 x 44 = 286
0 12.0 32 = 384
N 81.5 28 = 2282
2952
9.69 %
13.01 %
77.30 %
100.00 %
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of S0
Products of Combustion =
Flue gas loss =
0.0969 12/44
0.841 44
0,0969 12
= 31.82
3.083
20.97
3.08
0.0774
27.210
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of Np/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 27.21 214
40735
14.43 %
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating
L oad
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysis
11.6 MW
6 0 %
1 hour
Repor, ref. R/33/43/1
Sheet no.
91
CO,
7 .8 %
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1 %
Op 10.9 %
Np 8 1. 3 %
H
S
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
11.3 %
3.8 7 %
CO,
SO,
3.08
0.07 7 4
Np 10.650
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 7 .8 0
0
2
10.90
N
2
8 1.30
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
E xcess 0
2
Total mass of N
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
44 = 343.2
32 = 348 .8
28 = 227 6.4
2968 .4
0.1156 12/44
0.841 44
0.1156 12
3.13
21.14
3.08
0.07 7 4
27 .43
11.56
11.75
76.6
100.00 %
= 26.67
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
1.01 27.43 203
40735
13.81 %
Continuation sheet
Boi l er Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Flue Gas Analysi
C0
2
13.6 %
Op 2.7 %
Np 83.7 %
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
: 11.6 MW
: 30 %
: 1 hr
s :
Stoi chi ometri c Products of Combustion
COp
SOp
Np
3.08
0.0774
10.65
% by mass of Products of Combustion
COp 13.
Op 2.
N
9
83.
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
6 44 = 598.4
7 32 = 86.4
7 28 = 2343.6
3028.4
0.1976 12/44
kg of Dry Flue Gas . 0.841 44
kg Fuel 0.1976 12
Excess (2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of SOp
0.44
12.14
3.08
0.077
Products of Combustion = 15.74
Flue gas loss =
1.01 15.74
ue'
C
H
S
15
178
Repor,,ef. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 92
Analysis
84.1 %
11.3 %
3.87 %
19.76 %
2.85 %
77.39 %
100.00 %
.605
kg of Op/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of f uel
kg of C0
2
/kg of f uel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of f uel
= 6.Q4%
40735
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 9 3 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
11.6 MW
100 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% CO, 13.65
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
?4?Oc
19C
EFFICIENCY 84.4 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
11.6 MW
100 %
4 hr (Dwy e r )
13.3 %
237 C
EFFICIENCY R 4. 3 %
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
Continuation sheet
Repon rol.
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. ^" *
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
11.6 MW
60 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
% C O , 12.15
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
232
n
C
19 C
E FFICIE NCY 8 4.25 %
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
% co
2
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
11.6
60 %
4 hr
11.70
231 C
MW
(Dwyer)

E FFICIE NCY 8 4. 25 %
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report ref.
Sheet no.
R/33/43/1
95.
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% co
2
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
11.6 MW
30 %
4 hr (Fyrite)
10.8
194C
17C
EFFICIENCY
8 5 . 1 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
% C O
2
11.6 MW
30 %
4 h r (Dwyer)
9.7 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
188C
EFFICIENCY
84. 0 %
#S W?&0^
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Report ref. ^ 3 3 ^ 3 ^
Sheet no. 9 ^
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
11.6 MW
100 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% C O, 7.8 %
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
2310c
10C
EFFICIENCY 80.5 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
11.6 MW
100 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% C O,
8.4
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
230C
10C
EFFICIENCY
78. 5 %
continuation sheet
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
"~"* R/33/43/1
Sheet no " 7 .
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
11.6 MW
6 0 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
* CO,
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
?.31C
11C
E FFICIE NCY
8 1.4 %
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
11.6 MW
60 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% co
2
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
8.23
225C
E FFICIE NCY
8 0. %
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
Continuation sheet
Reportr...
R /
3 3
/ 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 9 8 .
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
11.6 MW
30 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
% CO, 14.67
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
198 C
nc
E FFICIE NCY 8 8 .2 %
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
11.6 MW
30 %
1 hr (Dwyer)
% CO, 1.6
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
l
n
3C
11C
E FFICIE NCY 8 6.7 %
Continuation sheet
DIRECT TEST
Report,... R/ 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no 9 9 .
Boile r Ratin g
Load
Dur ation of Te st
Ave r ag e fue l flow
Average fe e dwate r flow
Boile r pr e ssur e
En thalpy of steam
En thalpy of fe e dwate r
Effi ci e n cy
Boile r Ratin g
Load
Dur ation of Te st
Ave r ag e fue l flow
Ave r ag e fe e dwate r flow
Boile r pr e ssur e
En thalpy of steam
En thalpy of fe e dwate r
Effi ci e n cy
:
:
:
'
'

:

:

:
:
10 MW.
100%.
4 hr .
859.56 kg / hr .
11146.32 kg / hr .
9. 95 bar .
2681 kJ/ Kg .
309.54 kJ/ kg .
12.967 X 2372 X 100 = 75.46%
40758
10 MW
60%
4 hr .
459.54 kg / hr .
6904.54 kg / hr .
10.77 bar .
2682 kJ/ kg .
334 kJ/ kg .
15.025 X 2348 = 86.5%
40770
Continuation sheet
DIRECT TEST
Repo,,.. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 1 OO .
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
:
:
;
:
:
:
10 MW.
30%
4 hr.
268.11.
3565.09 kg/hr
10.5 bar.
2676 kJ/kg.
313 kJ/kg.
13.29 X 2363 77.09%
40753
Boi l e r Ratin g
Load
Duration of Test
Average fuel flow
Average feedwater flow
Boiler pressure
Enthalpy of steam
Enthalpy of feedwater
Efficiency
Continuation shoot
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
Report,... ( ^ 3 3 / 4 3 / !
Sheet no. 101 .
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
: 10 MW
: 100*
: 4 hr.
Flue Gas Analysis : Fuel Analysis
C0
2
12.67
o
2
3.4
N
2
83.85
C 84.1
H 11.3
S 3.87
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
co
2
so
2
N
2
3.086
0.0794
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
co
2
2
N,
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
18.48
3.69
77.80
= 0.1848 12 = 0.0504
kg of Dry Flue Gas _
0
.841 = 16.686
k
9
F u e l
0.0504
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of C0
2
Mass of SOp
= 0.581 kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
12.58 kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
3.086 kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
0.0774 kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
Products of Combustion 16.3244 kg DFG/kg of fuel
Flue gas loss
21.2854 X 1.01 X 195.7 = 10.35%
40637
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Continuation sheet
Repor,,... R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet n o. 102.
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
10 MW
6 0%
4 hr.
Flue Gas Analysis
COp 9.7
0o 8.0
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H 11.3
S 3.87
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
CO,
so.
3.086
0.0794
16.40
% by mass of Pr oducts of Combustion
COp
2
Np
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
14.29
8.56
77.1
=
kg of Dry Flue Gas
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of N
2
Mass of COp
Mass of SOp
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss * 21
0.1429 X
0.841 =
.396
= 1.72
= 16.40
= 3.086
= 0.0794
= 21.2854
.2854 X 1.
12
Vi
= 0.03896
21.586 kg.
01 X
kg of Op/kg of fue l
kg of N
2
/kg of fue l
kg of C0
2
/kg of fue l
kg of S0
2
/kg of fue l
kg DFG/kg of f uel
195.7 = 10.35%
40637
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Continuation sheet
Repon,*. R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 10 3.
Boiler Rating
Load
Duration of Test
10 MW.
30%.
4 hr.
>..
Flue Gas Analysis
CO,
o.
5.3
12.9
81.7
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H 11.3
S 3.87
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
C 0
2
3.086
SO,
0.0794
10.64
% by mass of Products of Combustion
C0
2
7.94
Op 14.10
Np 77.9
CO 0.095
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas .
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of Np
Mass of COp
Mass of S0
2
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss *
0.0794 X 12 +
44
0.841 = 38
.225
=
=

c
B
4.92
27.116
3.086
0.0794
35.20
35.20 X 1.01 )
0.00095 X 12 = 0.02205
2S
14 kg.
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
( 185.73 = 16.24%
40637
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (DIN)
Boiler Rating 10 MW
Load : 100%
Duration of Test : 1 hour
Flue Gas Analysis : 1
COp 12.7%
Op 4.4%
Np 82.9%
Stoichiometric Products of Combustion
COp 3.086 kg
SOp 0.0794 kg
Np 10.61 kg
% by mass of Products of Combustion
CO 12.7 X 44 = 558.8
0 4.4 X 32 = 140.8
N 82.9 X 28 = 2321.2
kg of Carbon
n
. i M y
1?
Kg Dry Flue Gas 44
kg of Dry Flue Gas . 0.841 X 44
kg Fuel 0.185 X 12
Excess Op 0.7767
Total mass of N

13.21
Mass of C0
2
3.086
Mass of S0
2
0.079
Products of Combustion = 17.15
Flue gas loss 1.01 X 17
Repon r*. R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 1 04 .
:
uel Analysis
C

S
16
.15
84.1
11.3
3.87
18.50%
4.66%
76.84%
.67 kg.
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
X 211 = 9JD%
40637
Continuation sheet
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating .
10 M
W
n.
a
. - : 6 0 *
Duration of Test
:
l hr.
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
10. 0*
0
2
7 .4*
N
2
8 2. 6 *
Stoichiometric Products of rnmhncf ,
Report ref.
Sheet no
R/33/43/1
105.
Fuel Analysis
C 84.1
H 11.3
S 3.87
on
C0
2
3.086 Kg
S0
2
0.0794 Kg.
N
2
10.61 Kg.
% by mass of Products of Combustion
C0
2
10 X 440
0
2
7.4 X 32 = 236.8
Np 82. 6 X 28 = 2312. 8
?9 89 .6
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas _
kg Fuel
E xcess 0
2
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C 0
2
Mass of S 0
2
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss *
0.1472 X 12

0.841 X 44
2 X 0.1472
= 1.659
. 16.164
3.086
- 0.079
> 20. 988
14.72
7.92
77.36
lTJO*
= 20.949
kg of 0
2
/kg of fue l
kg of N
2
/kg of fue l
kg of C0
2
/kg of fue l
kg of S0
2
/kg of fue l
kg DFG/kg of fue l
1.01 X 20.988 X 107
40637
= 10.27*
Continuation sheet
Report ref.
Sheet no.
R/33/43/1
106.
INDIR E CT TE ST (DIN)
Boiler R ating .
]Q m
L oad . 3Q^
Duration of Test \
n r #
Flue Gas Analysis
C 0
2
4.1
0
2
15.0
Np 8 0.9
Stoichiometric Products of Cnmh..c,
Fuel Analysis
C 8 4.1
H 11.3
S 3.8 7
on
CO 3.086
S 0
9
0.07 94
30.61
% by mass of Products of Combustion
C 0
2
4.1 X 44 - 18 0.4
0
2
15.0 X 32 = 48 0.0
Np 8 0.9 X 28 = 2265.2
2925.6
kg of Carbon
Kg Dry Flue Gas
kg of Dry Flue Gas _
kg Fuel
Excess Op
Total mass of N
2
Mass of C0
2
Mass of S0
2
Products of Combustion
Flue gas loss =
0.0616 X 12
J*
0.841 X 44
0.0616 X 12
= 8.21
= 38.11
3.086
= 0.0794
* 49.487
49.487 X 1.01
40637
6.16*
16.41%
77.43%
100.00%
50.06
kg of 0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of N
2
/kg of fuel
kg of C0
2
/kg of fuel
kg of S0
2
/kg of fuel
kg DFG/kg of fuel
183
22. 5 1*
. r ' f -, , , ' '
'P'Wi.-'Tn -.r/w
..;...^^i^..... . i i --. . . . . . . . trattai M in *IMIIlillltl- |-|fltl " ' " MMH - - ' ' --
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Repon ref.
R/33/43/1
She., no. 1 07 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
10 0 *
4 h r ( Fyri t e )
* CO, 13. 65
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
29
21C
EFFICIENCY 87 . 0 *
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
100%
4 h r (Dwyer)
* CO, 14.37%
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
219C
21C
EFFICIENCY 85. 2*
Sf !8p
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
Report rei.
R / 3 3 / 4 3 / 1
Sheet no. 1 0 8 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
6 0%
4 hr (Fyrite)
*C O , 9.75*
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
EFFICIENCY
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
i 209C
: 19C
: 83.0*
10 MW
: 6 0*
: 4 hr (Dwyer)
* CO, 9.5
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
'Q7C
19C
EFFICIENCY
82.25*
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Continuation sheet
R por t r

,
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 1 0 9 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
30%
4 hr (Fyrite)
* CO,
: 5.3
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
:
199C
: 1C
EFFICIENCY
77.25
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
30*
4 hr (Dwyer)
* CO
2
4.6
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
190C
19C
EFFICIENCY 73.0*
INDIR E CT TE ST (FYR ITE AND DW YE R )
Continuation sheet
Report .
R/ 33/ 43/ 1
Sheet no. 110.
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
10 MW
100*
1 hr (Fyrite)
* CO, 12. 5 *
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
221C
10C
E FFICIE NCY 86*
BOIL E R R ATING
L OAD
DU R ATION OF TE ST
10 MW
30*
1 hr (Dwyer)
* co
2
STACK TE MP
AMBIE NT TE MP
11.46*
221 C
E FFICIE NCY 8 3. 4*
Continuation sheet
INDIRECT TEST (FYRITE AND DWYER)
Report r...
R/33/43/1
Sheet no. 1 1 .
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
6 0 %
1 hr (Fyrite)
* CO, 9.9*
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
212C
10C
EFFICIENCY 8 4 . 5 %
BOILER RATING
LOAD
DURATION OF TEST
10 MW
6 0 *
1 hr (Dwyer)
* CO, 8.83*
STACK TEMP
AMBIENT TEMP
210C
EFFICIENCY 7 9 . 6 1 *
_
CDNA07279ENC