Communication Systems

EEE C383
Instructor-in-charge:
G RAGHURAMA
http://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/~graghu/
graghu@bits-pilani.ac.in
grbits@gmail.com
Course website:
http://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/~graghu/studentsignin.html
<u need a password !>
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Instructors :
MN Satyanarayan,
G Meenakshi Sundaram,
Rahul Singhal,
Suvendu Kr Sahoo,
JR Rajeshwari,
Manoj Kumar Dutta,
Parthapratim De
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Text Books:
B.P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems,
3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1998
Reference Book:
Simon Haykins, Communication Systems, 4
th
Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, 2001.
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Prerequisite
Circuits and Signals
Signal analysis Fourier techniques
Probability & Statistics
Basic understanding of probability theory,
random processes
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Important:
Read the course handout for more details.
There will be assignments and surprise quizzes.
Do not miss classes. Attendance will be monitored.
Please feel free to discuss with instructors any matter
related to the course.
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List some examples of Communication Systems.
We consider electronic communication Systems.
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Understand the terms:
Source
Baseband signal (Message signal)
Transducer
Destination
Transmitter
Receiver
Medium
Channel
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Input
Transducer
Transmitter
Channel
Distortion
and Noise
Receiver
Output
Transducer
Input
message
Output
message
Block diagram of a communication system
Understand the terms:
Attenuation
Distortion
Linear distortion
Nonlinear distortio
Noise
Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR)
Ratio of signal power to noise power
What is meant by saying the SNR is 30 dB ?
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Distinguish between the terms:
Message
Information
Signal
Symbol
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Do all messages carry information ?
How do we measure the amount of information in a message?
What is meant by Bandwidth of a signal ?
Is bandwidth mentioned in Hz (or kHz or MHz) or as bit rate
(bps or kbps or mbps etc ?)
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Analog or Digital ?
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Analog messages
values vary over a continuous range.
Digital messages:
Constructed with a finite number of symbols
Binary message
Use only two symbols (e.g., Mark and Space in Morse-code, 1 and 0
in computers)
M-ary message
Constructed with M symbols
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Why digital systems are superior ?
Noise immunity of digital signals
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Digital systems can better withstand noise and distortion, as long as they are within limits.
Viability of Regenerative repeaters
Repeater stations are placed along the communication path at
distances short enough to ensure that noise and distortion
remain within a limit.
At each repeater station, the incoming pulses are detected and
new clean pulses are transmitted to the next repeater station.
This prevents the accumulation of noise and distortion.
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Big names to remember:
Morse
Bell
Strowger
Marconi
Armstrong
Nyquist
Shannon
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Important events in the history of
electronic communications:
1837: Telegraphy (Morse)
1875: Telephony (Bell)
1897: Automatic Telephone Exchange (Strowger)
1901: Wireless telephony (Marconi)
1907: First regular radio broadcast
1918: Superheterodyne radio receiver (Armstrong)
1933: FM demonstrated
1939: Commercial TV Broadcasting
1945: Geostationary satellite proposed (Clarke)
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1955: Terrestrial microwave relay
1962: Satellite communication implemented
1966: Optical fiber proposed (Kao & Hockam)
1970s: Packet switching, LANs, WANs, Internet
1978: Cellular radio
1981: HDTV demonstrated
1985: ISDN basic rate access
1986: SONET/SDH
1991: GSM cellular system
1994: CDMA specification
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Father of FM
The story of Major E.H. Armstrong
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Edwin H. Armstrong
1890: Born in New York city
1904: His father bought him a book, The Boys Book of
Inventions. Armstrong began tinkering with radio.
1906: The triode, dubbed the "Audion" by de Forest, was
born.
1912: Invented the feed-back (regenerative) receiver.
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The invention that started it all
1912: the feed-back (regenerative) receiver.
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1914: Armstrong was the first to satisfactorily explain
the action of the Audion.
1914: Armstrong made a complete drawing of the
invention and had it notarized (for 25 cents), thus
establishing his claim.
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1917: Joins First world war,
becomes 'Major Armstrong
1923: Marriage and
honeymoon.
Worlds first portable radio:
Wedding gift to his bride.
Lee DeForest, challenged Armstrongs priority for this
discovery and the issue was twice argued before the US
Supreme Courtwhich found in DeForests favor in
1934.
21 years of court battles, 13 court decisions and 30 judges
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1933: Armstrong secured four patents which were to be
the basis for frequency modulation.
FM was so revolutionary that an entire industry had to
scrap its hardware and start over before its potential
could be realized. Understandably, the establishment
was less than enthusiastic at the prospect.
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Armstrong became embroiled in twentyone
infringement actions to adjudicate his FM patents.
Battling giant corporations with batteries of lawyers used
up his resources.
Finally, in 1954, ill, disillusioned, and his fortune gone,
Armstrong took his own life.
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