Abstract

The present research aimed at investigating the efect of communication channels on the
economic success of early proftable and entrepreneur small and medium enterprises in the
agricultural sector. It was an applied research in which the descriptive-survey method was
used. The research sample included 35 founders of entrepreneur small and medium
enterprises !at the time of conducting the research" in the #ar$a%i province& Iran& among
which '(( founders were selected according to the )ochran formulation using the stratifed
random sampling method. A *uestionnaire was used as the research tool and its validity was
confrmed as the face validity by a group of teachers and e+perts. The *uestionnaire,s
reliability was calculated using )ronbach,s alpha ! - (../". The results indicated that the
information see$ing facilities of most of the entrepreneurs were seen at a good level !53
persons& 530" and ac*uiring information from other businesses and consulting contacts with
the neighbors and relatives& product sellers and promoting factors were listed as the highest
priorities of the respondents& respectively. Also& there was a meaningful relationship between
rate of using information and communication resources with the variables namely age&
duration of operation on the 1ob& number of people operating the business and number using
loans. The results of regression analysis indicated that seven communication channels&
promoters& other producers& product sellers& group visit& training flms& creditors& radio and
T2 in the order of signifcance have defned 3..40 of the dependent variable changes.
5eywords
Agricultural sector6
)ommunication channels6
7ntrepreneurship6
Information resource6
8mall and medium enterprises
'. Introduction
Agriculture is one of the pillars of economics and its development re*uires a particular
attention to all production factors especially human-based factors including s$illed-labor. In
recent years& the state and private agriculture schools have been highly e+panded and the
mass of agriculture graduates fail to fnd any 1obs after graduation and unemployment is
increased among this group of graduates which adds up to other social challenges. 9ne of
the approaches for employment is to ofer agriculture loans to 1obsee$er graduates of
agriculture who can wor$ as entrepreneurs in early proftable small businesses in the
agricultural sector6 the policy has been used as a supportive tool by the government and
ban$s for the improvement of agriculture graduates employment. In fact& the core of the
society dynamism includes the move towards a competitive economy& establishment of the
private sector& development of entrepreneurship and e+pansion of 8#7s. Today& 8#7s are
considered as the ma1or cause of industrial structure growth in many countries !Iranian
:epartment of ;lanning and 7conomic 8tudies& /((4". 8#7 stands for small and medium
enterprise and includes all small and medium-si%ed enterprises in any sector such as
industries& services& commerce and agriculture. In fact& the fundamental determinant of
success or failure of a small business is the use of various communication channels for
dealing with other sectors and e+posing useful and up-to-date information. This ob1ective
reality is the source of interest of scholars to propose the important role of communication
channels in the actual development of small businesses based on some theoretical
perspectives and also the e+perience of successful countries in the past and at the present.
It means that communication elements act as <driving forces= of small businesses and
promote their development !8olano et al.& /((3". )ommunication channels are sometimes
called mediator channels due to the printed or electronic channels !>are& '??3". @hen local
leaders and local people belong to an insider social system& the channel will have a local
nature. @hen the communication channel communicates with the audience from outside of
the social system and there is no face-to-face communication& the channel will have a
comple+ impersonal and cosmopolitan nature such as communication through mass media
including radio& television& and newspapers !>are& '??3". Aarain !/((5" enumerates the
limited access to technological information as the most important factor in the failure of
small businesses. In an article under the title of <Information systems role in small
businesses=& #aniyan !/(('" proposes some guidelines for the efective use of information
and communication systems in small organi%ations. Be concludes that the failure of many
small organi%ations is due to the lac$ of $nowledge about information and communication
systems. In 8un and @ing,s !/((5" research& the internal communications of pro1ect team is
identifed as one of the main success factors of 8#7s among 54 primary listed success
factors for small and medium businesses. 8uwannaporn and 8peece !/('(" propose the
ability to trac$ new product, information& informal communication during the wor$ process&
information and communication process& and relationships with product, suppliers as
success factors for small and medium businesses. Talebi et al. !/('/" in their study under
the title of <Identifying and prioriti%ing the growth strategies for small and medium
enterprises !8#7s" in industrial clusters of Ca%e-Dolda1i=& conclude that the development of
public relations and information sharing about products is the frst priority among the
business growth strategies in the considered cluster. In a research under the title of
<7ntrepreneurship training toward industriali%ation=& Badine1ad et al. !/('/" suggest that
one of the framewor$s for changing the entrepreneurship training term is particular focus on
information and communication. In a research under the topic of <7valuating the impact of
information technology on entrepreneurship culture and performance of frms=& Eamo% and
Favanmard !/('/" e+amined the information technology inGuence on entrepreneurship
culture and the manufacturers, performance in Ara$ city& Iran. The research results indicate
that the information technology has a positive and direct impact on entrepreneurship culture
and in turn& the entrepreneurship culture shows a positive and direct impact on the
performance of frms. @esthead et al. !/(('" in a study on /' frms show that companies
with more resources and communication networ$s& more integrated information& and
signifcant management techni*ues have more opportunities for entering into international
mar$ets. 2an Cils !/((5" analy%es the superior management structure for entrepreneurial
8#7s in Aetherlands and concludes that most of the managers and founders of such
businesses lac$ the necessary strategic $nowledge and bureaucratic interactions in relation
to business plans and communication networ$s. Thus& training in the mentioned areas is
needed in such businesses. According to the research underta$en by Baw$ins !'??3" in
Fapan6 regional information centers are efective in the development and success of small
and medium businesses through providing free consulting and training
services. 5hoshnodifar et al. !/('(" evaluate the inGuence of Agriculture Dan$ and
Agriculture Fihad 9rgani%ation on the success of small and medium businesses in the
agriculture sector. They believe that the use of information and communication sources is
the most inGuential factor in the success of entrepreneurial 8#7s in the agricultural
sector. Hei%pour et al. !/('/"e+amine the efective factors on the rapid growth of small
businesses in the Iranian manufacturing industries using ;robit regression techni*ue. The
fndings confrm that promotion and communication channels have a positive and signifcant
inGuence on the rapid growth of small businesses in manufacturing industries. As a
conse*uence& industrial& commercial& and agricultural units are $nown as an integral part of
the economy of any country !Eafe et al.& /('/". A%i%i et al. !/(''" e+amine the individual
and social factors efective on recogni%ing entrepreneurial opportunities by top
entrepreneurs of Tehran city& Iran. The present study investigates the role of these channels
and sources of information in the success of small businesses in the agriculture sector.
The main ob1ective of this research is to investigate the roles and impacts of the
communication channels and information sources in success of the small and medium
businesses and the entrepreneur& and the specifc ob1ectives of the research are asI
determining the factors inGuencing the success rate among entrepreneur small and
medium-si%ed businesses& investigating the personalJprofessional characteristics of the
small and medium business founders in agricultural sector& investigating the priorities in
using various information sources from the entrepreneur,s point of view& investigating the
entrepreneurs, information see$ing behavior level& investigating the relations of the
dependent and independent variables& investigating the efect of the informational sources
on the success rate in small and medium businesses.
/. #aterial and methods
The present research aimed at investigating the relationship between communication
channels and the success of entrepreneur small and medium enterprises. This study was an
applied research in which the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population
of the current research constitutes all individuals who have acted in establishing small and
medium businesses in agricultural sector in #ar$a%i ;rovince& Harahan )ity. In fact& these
individuals& having economically 1ustifed plans& had been introduced to Agriculture Dan$s by
Fihad Agricultural 9rgani%ation for getting facilities of the *uic$-impact small economic
enterprises& and getting the credit& they had launched small or medium businesses in
agriculture feld. According to the sources and documents of the management of the
Agriculture Dan$,s branches in the province& Harahan )ity has been selected as the
statistical population !N - 35" for identifying and investigating the roles of communication
and information sources in the development and success of the small and medium
businesses in agricultural sector& due to having the most number of entrepreneurs in the
agricultural sector of the province !all of whom had utili%ed the mentioned facilities
establishing businesses in agricultural felds". In selecting the businesses& the criterion
number of individuals establishing a business was considered less than '(. The sample
volume was determined ?' people based on )ochran formulation& and in order to enhance
the computing accuracy& this number was arisen to '(( people. 8ince the entrepreneurs
were acting in diferent agricultural felds !farming& animal farming& gardening& bee$eeping&
mushroom cultivation& etc."& they were divided in several categories and the respondents
were selected using the proportional stratifed random sampling& and then they were
studied. Decause the individuals were scattered in diferent villages across the province& on
the one hand it too$ a lot of time and energy distributing and collecting the *uestionnaires&
and on the other hand& the researcher had to stop by the locations many times to fll in the
*uestionnaires since the founders of the businesses were very busy. The independent
variables of the research areI age& education& activity duration& type of activity& the
properties of the business such as the number of individuals employed& the amount of credit
re*uested and received from the Agricultural Dan$& interest rates on the facilities received&
the time interval from proposing the plan to its approval and getting the facilities& the
incentive of getting a loan and establishing a business& the problems in launching the
business and the communication and information sources and channels.
The items were included in a set of e+pressions with special order and e*ual weights. The
fnal items in relation to each factor were presented in the Ki$ert scale. After scoring the
items included in the fnal *uestionnaire& the answers given to the items were summed up
and the scores of efective factors on the success of small entrepreneur businesses were
obtained. The rest of the items were presented in open and bi-dimensional forms& according
to other ob1ectives of the *uestionnaire. The items of the *uestionnaire related to the factors
afecting the success of the small and medium businesses were derived from the researches
of Hei%pour et al.& /('/& 5hoshnodifar et al.& /('(& Eamo% and Favanmard& /('/& Talebi et al.&
/('/& 8uwannaporn and 8peece& /('( and 8un and @ing& /((5& and others6 such that the
information on success rate was obtained with totally /' variables& and the communication
and information sources with '3 variables. In order to determine the reliability of the
research tools& )ronbach,s alpha coeLcient was used& for which 3( *uestionnaires were
completed in pilot test stage by the selected entrepreneurs& and the reliability coeLcient of
the *uestionnaire !)ronbach,s alpha" was obtained as (../ and (.3? for the variables of
business success and information sources and channels& respectively. It is noted that& in
avoiding the pretest and *uestionnaire error& these individuals were not used for the feld
stage. The face validity of the *uestionnaire was confrmed based on the opinion of
professors and e+perts. The data were analy%ed in two sections including the data
description and an inferential analysis of the data. In descriptive analysis of the data& the
descriptive statistics were used& li$e fre*uency& percentage& mean& and standard deviation&
and the regression analysis and correlation analysis were used in the inferential analysis of
the data.
In order to compute and categori%e entrepreneurs, information see$ing variable& the divided
by the average method was utili%ed. In this method& frst the variables were defned& the
scale diference was resolved and the scales of variable measurements were assimilated.
Then& according to the following formula& the interval of standard deviation from the mean
!I8:#" method for the information see$ing levels was determined !Mamar& /((/"I
A - wea$& A N #ean !#ean" O 8: !8tandard :eviation"
D - medium& #ean O 8: N D N #ean
) - good& #ean N ) N #ean P 8:
: - e+cellent& #ean P 8: N :
3. Eesults and discussion
3.'. Eespondents, personalJprofessional characteristics
Investigating the demographic information& it was shown that the average age of the studied
society was 4/ years and the age range was between / and 3. years& and all the members
of the statistical population of the research were males. Eegarding education& /.0 of the
entrepreneurs had high school diploma& which was the highest percentage. Dased on the
type of the activity on which the entrepreneurs had established their small and medium
businesses& 30 were animal farming& which was the highest fre*uency& and 30 were
bee$eepers& which was the least fre*uency !Table '". Eegarding the number of individuals
establishing businesses one could say 5.0 of the businesses were managed by 5 people&
330 by 4& and ?0 by less than 4 people.
Table '.
Hre*uency distribution of the entrepreneurs based on the type of the activity.
Type of activity Frequency Percentage
Animal farming 67 67
Farming 8 8
Milk station establishing 7 7
Orchar establishment 6 6
Mushroom cultivation ! !
"reenhouse activities # #
$eekeeping % %
Total &'' &''
Table options
The fndings inserted in Table / show that /?0 of the entrepreneurs& as the highest
fre*uency& have attributed their incentives to using the facilities for establishing and
developing small and medium businesses to fund for holding a 1ob !employment"& and '40
to factors as proftability of the agricultural activities.
Table /.
Incentives of using the facilities for establishing and developing businesses.
(ncentives Frequency Percentage
Funing for employment )* )*
+oling a ,ob -employment. in agricultural sector )' )'
Acting in professional fiels &8 &8
Profitability of the agricultural activities &# &#
Acting in professional fiels an proviing the capital in employment &' &'
Proviing the capital for employment an employment in agricultural sector * *
Total &'' &''
Table options
3./. ;rioriti%ation of factors afecting entrepreneur,s success in small and medium
businesses with regard to research respondents, view
Dased on the research bac$ground& /' variables were investigated as the factors afecting
the success of small and medium businesses. These variables are listed in Table 3& in terms
of priority according to research respondents, view.
Table 3.
;rioriti%ation of the factors afecting entrepreneur,s success in small and medium businesses
!n - '((".
(tem Mean

/ariation coefficient Priority

Prouct quality #078 '0&#' &
1ompetitiveness regaring other businesses #0!8 '0&#! )
Ability to confront 2ith une3pecte events #0#) '0&!8 %
4peciali5ation of labor -eucation. #0%8 '0&7% #
Proper management of costs #0%6 '0&7! !
6se of e3perts7 vie2s #0%! '0&8! 6
Participating in training courses #0%% '0&8* 7
8orkforce skills -aministrative an practical e3perience. #0%& '0)'& 8
Acting base on the scheule #0%' '0)'# *
(nvestigation of the plan 1onstant #0)* '0)&# &'
(nvestment security #0&! '0)%8 &&
1ost an benefit coorination %08! '0)%* &)
9iversity of business activities %076 '0)#! &%
$usiness resistance uring economic o2nturn %07% '0)#* &#
1onstant connection 2ith market %066 '0)#8 &!
Transfer of profit to capital %0!* '0)!' &6
"overnment support as ta3 rebate %0#& '0)!) &7
:eaction an response to market eman %0&6 '0)** &8
"overnment support as commercial benefit e3emption )08) '0%7# &*
6se of avance agricultural technologies )08& '0%*' )'
6se of internet )0&! '0%*8 )&
Q
( - none& ' - very little& / - little& 3 - medium& 4 - much& 5 - very much.
Table options
:escribing brieGy some of the items in Table 3& the point of wor$force speciali%ation and
s$ills is& respectively& having proper and related education regarding the products of the
businesses and practical or administrative e+perience in the past. Eegarding the investment
security item& the point is ensuring return on investment and its proftability and& naturally&
the economic performance of the businesses and the supportive rules enacted in this feld
attract more investments on businesses. According to respondents, prioriti%ation& the
variables of the product *uality !regarding clients, satisfaction level and meeting their
needs"& competitiveness regarding other businesses& and the ability to cope with the
une+pected events !entrepreneurs, capability of crisis management in facing the fnancial
crisis& reduction in product demand& the economic recession& R" are introduced as the frst
three priorities afecting the success in businesses. The variables of the reaction and
response to mar$et demand& the government support as commercial beneft e+emption& the
use of modern advanced agricultural technologies& and the use of internet are listed as the
last priorities& respectively.
3.3. ;rioriti%ation of information sources and channels used by respondents
The mean score and the variation coeLcient values of using the information
sourcesSchannels !Table 4" show that consulting with other businesses and advisory contacts
with neighbors and ac*uaintances& input sellers& and promotion agents respectively have
respondents, highest priorities regarding the reference to under-study sources.
Table 4.
Hre*uency distribution based on the contact priority with used information sourcesSchannels.
(nformation sources Mean

49 /ariation coefficient Priority

Other businesses %0*7 '0*6 '0)## &
;eighbors an acquaintances %0*7 &0)' '0%'# )
(nput sellers %0)' '0*7 '0%'# %
<unior technical -=3tension agent. %07) &0)* '0%#7 #
1reit institutions %0!# &0)% '0%#7 !
=3ample entrepreneurs %0!# &0)# '0%!) 6
:elatives %0*7 &0#' '0%!) 7
Agricultural books an publications %0!# &0!% '0#%) 8
"roup visits %0!# &0!% '0#%) *
:aio an television %0#6 &0!) '0#%* &'
=ucational an e3tension courses %07) &06# '0##' &&
>ocal creitors %0%) &0#6 '0##' &)
=3tension ,ournals )06# &0)% '0#6! &%
=3perts %0'# &0## '0#7' &#
=ucational films )0)8 &0') '0#78 &!
Public institutions -<iha Agricultural Organi5ation. )06# &0#) '0!%* &6
Agricultural research centers )0%' &0)8 '0!6! &7
Q
( - none& ' - very little& / - little& 3 - medium& 4 - much& 5 - very much.
Table options
The variable of the e+tent of use of the information sources and channels is computed via
the set of items inserted in Table 5. After gathering the information for determining founders,
beneft level from the communicationJinformation sources& the interval of standard deviation
from the mean !I8:#" method was used& and based on Table 5& the highest fre*uency was
attributed to the respondents whose information see$ing behavior was evaluated as good
!53 individuals& 53.(0".
Table 5.
Hre*uency distribution of respondents regarding information see$ing behavior !n - '((".
>evel 1ategory range Frequency Percentage 1umulative percentage
8eak >ess than )8 &* &* &*0'
Meium )8?%7 )% )% #)0'
"oo %8?#7 !% !% *!0'
=3cellent More than #8 ! ! &''0'
Total &'' &''
Table options
3.4. Analy%ing the relations of independent variables and the e+tent of use of the
communicationJinformation sources
The fndings inserted in Table show that there is a negative signifcant relationship of '0
between the e+tent of use of the communicationJinformation sources and the age& duration
of the activity in the 1ob and the success rate variables& and a positive signifcant relation of
'0 between entrepreneurial characteristics and the number of individuals establishing the
business and the times of using the loans.
Table .
)orrelation coeLcients between dependent and independent variables in research !n - '((".
/ariable 1orrelation 1oefficient 4ignificance >evel
Age

@'0!&* '0'''
=ucation '0&)6 '0)&%
9uration of being active in the ,ob

@'0%&) '0'')
=ntrepreneurial characteristics

'0)7) '0''6
<ob satisfaction @'0&)# '0)&8
The number of iniviuals employe by the business

'0)88 '0''#
The amount of the creit requeste '0'%% '07#!
The amount of the creit approve '0&!' '0&%7
Times of using the loan

'0)*% '0''%
$usiness success rate

'06%& '0'''
QQ
8ignifcance level 50.
Table options
In investigating the relation between the e+tent of use of the communicationJinformation
sources and entrepreneurs, personal characteristics& it was found that there is a positive
signifcant relation of '0 between the variables of incentive& organi%ing capability&
innovation rate& e+perience& and perseverance& and that of 50 between innovation rate and
information see$ing behavior !Table 3". Also& according to the results inserted in Table .& a
signifcant diference of 50 has been observed between entrepreneurs, type of activity and
the e+tent of use of the information sources among individuals.
Table 3.
)orrelation coeLcients between personality variables and dependent variable in research !n - '((".
/ariable 1orrelation coefficient 4ignificance level
(ncentive

'0&*! '0''&
Organi5ation

'0%*6 '0'''
(nnovation

'0)88 '0''#
1reativity

'0))% '0')6
=3perience

'0)6* '0''7
Perseverance

'0#7! '0'''
:esponsibility '0&6* '0'*%
Foresight '0'*) '0%6%
Fle3ibility @'0'!! '0!8*
1onucting the task completely @'0&7# '0'8#
Q
8ignifcance level '0.
QQ
8ignifcance level 50.
Table options
Table ..
)omparing the type of activity average and e+tent of use of information sources.
/ariable 1ategory N Mean :ankAMean UAt 9f 4ig
Type of activity "reenhouse # )&0!' 80'*) % '0'##
Farming &#
Animal farming 67
Other &!
1orporate in eucational course Bes %% 880%* %0)* *'08' '0'''
;o 67 8)087
Total &''
Table options
3.5. Eelationship between information sources and success rate of small and
medium businesses
Eegarding the results inserted in Table ?& a positive signifcant relation of '0 was observed
between information sources and channels such as the promoter& sub1ect specialists&
meetings and educationalJpromotional courses& group visits& other producers& creditors&
input sellers& radio and television& educational flms& and entrepreneurs, success rate.
Table ?.
)orrelation coeLcients between information see$ing behavior and business success rate variables.
/ariable 1oefficients 4ignificance level
=3tension agent

'0!%& '0'''
4ub,ect specialists

'0#'7 '0'''
=3tensional courses

'0#77 '0'''
"roup visits

'06'* '0'''
Other proucers

'0#7! '0'''
Truster

'0#&# '0'''
(nput seller

'0%'! '0'')
:aio an television

'0&86 '0''%
=ucational films

'0&7! '0''&
=3tension ,ournals '0&86 '0'6#
:elatives '0&%) '0&8*
QQ
8ignifcance in 0' level.
Table options
3.. Eegression analysis
In this part& the stepwise regression analysis was used to predict the role and the impact of
communication variables on the dependent variable and business success. The result of the
regression analysis showed that /../0 of the variation in business success is accounted for
by consultation rate with the e+perts and the promoters& /5.30 by the other producers&
3./0 by input sellers& 3.'0 by group visits& 3.40 by educational flms& 4.50 by creditors&
and .30 of the variations in the dependent variable of the research has been accounted for
by the mass media as radio and television& such that these 3 communication channels
account for totally 3..40 of the variations in the success rate of the small and medium
businesses !Table '(".
Table '(.
8tepwise regression in brief regarding the role of communication channels in business success.
/ariables $ 4= $eta T 4ig R R
)
R
)
a,uste
1onstant #80!*) %0%7' ? &#0#)' '0''' ? ? ?
=3tension agent %08'8 '0!'8 '06#& 70#*% '0''' '0!%& '0)8) '0)7!
Other proucers #06%8 '0!7% '0#)6 80'*7 '0''' '07%) '0!%! '0!)6
(nput sellers @!07)& '07)* @'0!)) @708#! '0''' '077* '06'7 '0!*!
"roup visit @&0''# '0!&7 '0&)7 @)0')& '0'#6 '077* '06%8 '06)%
=ucational films #08%6 '06)* '06%6 70686 '0''' '08)' '067) '06!#
1reitors #0)!) '068' '0#*) 60)!) '0''' '08#7 '07&7 '06**
:aio an television @)0#6% '0#6# @'0%!& @!0%&) '0''' '088! '078# '0767
Table options
Civen the e+planations presented and the results of the Table '(& the linear e*uation derived
from the regression would be as followsI
T-4.. 5?/P3. .(.U' P4. 3.U/ - 5. 3/'U3 - '. (44U4 P4. .3U5 P4. /5/U -
/. 43U3
Turn #athFa+ on
where YI business success rate& X'I promoters& X/I other producers& X3I input sellers& X4I group
visit& X5I educational flms& XI creditors& and X3I radio and television.
4. )onclusion and recommendation
This survey deals with the evaluation of information and communication resources role on
the success of small and medium entrepreneur businesses in agricultural sector in #ar$a%i
;rovince. The research results revealed that the information see$ing facilities of most of the
entrepreneurs was seen at a good level !53 persons& 530" and ac*uiring information from
other businesses and consulting contacts with the neighbors and relatives& product sellers
and promoting factors were listed as the highest priorities of the respondents& respectively. It
seems that the resources for ac*uiring information was mostly inter-group and less they
were outwardly. Also considering that about 30 of the respondents have attended on no
training course relevant to the searching information on any business and according to the
collative coeLcient results which assessed the trained s$ill and ac*uired information in
training classes on the success of any business as meaningful& the necessity for paying
attention to hold training courses relevant to the information see$ing by the oLcials is
re*uired so as to the success of business activities could have been achieved. 8ince&
performance of such training courses as optimi%ation methods in improving information
see$ing ability and achieving modern technologies is approved and through emphasi%ing on
Gourishing such training courses& better conditions must be provided for the entrepreneurs
in terms of time& location and contents of the promoting classes. Therefore& by conducting
opinion polling among the studied entrepreneurs in this regard& appropriate grounds for
compiling training courses consistent with their circumstances could have been created and
through them& the contents of the training courses of the agricultural business based on the
re*uired contents would be compiled. In the results relevant to the motivation for
establishing any business& supplying the capital for creating 1obs is among the most
important ob1ectives of the people in initiating their businesses.
In other part of the results& it was found out that there is a negative and meaningful
relationship between usage rate from information and communication resources and the
variables of age as well as duration of operation on the 1ob indicating that younger
entrepreneurs and newly established businesses use information and communication
resources remar$ably. Also& there was a positive and meaningful relationship between
variables of information see$ing behavior and number of people founding the business as
well as usage number of loans. Therefore& it seems that by developing businesses& the
people, need for information see$ing will be and or their $nowledge about the legal
authorities and governmental supports and facilities increased leading to a higher rate of
re*uesting for the provided loans !credits" by the entrepreneurs and developing businesses
as well as increased number of the employed persons in businesses and higher rate of 1ob
creation in the country.
#oreover& the regression analysis results showed that seven communication channels&
promoters& other producers& product sellers& group visit& training flms& creditors& radio and
T2 in order of signifcance have defned 3..40 of the dependent variable changes. 8ince&
holding seminars& sessions and group meetings in which people can e+change their
e+periences in administrating and implementing businesses is considered to have an
outstanding position. @ith the regard to the signifcance of small- and medium-si%e
entrepreneurs businesses has been considered as a rescuing solution for a remedy of
unemployment crisis and creating economic boom& so its informational aspects should not
be limited only to the governmental centers. )reating internet-based familiarity grounds&
printed and published advertisement tools especially brochures throughout universities and
rural centers& using advertising banners and so forth in order to improve information
technology is recommended.
Eeferences
'.
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