Translation Reference Manual

SIM4ME
Translation of Models

Invensys SimSci-Esscor
5760 Fleet Street, Ste. 100,
Carlsbad, CA 92008

Dynsim 4.2 : Translation
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Table of Contents

Introduction and Overview on Translators.................................. 1
Process Representations ................................................................................ 1
A Two-Stage Translation................................................................................. 2
Rules for Equipment Additions........................................................................ 3
Supported Equipment Models and Thermodynamics................ 5
Unit Operations................................................................................................ 5
Thermodynamics Options................................................................................ 5
Translation Reports ......................................................................................... 6
Application Briefs.......................................................................... 7
HYSYS PRO/II .......................................................................................... 7
HYSYS - ROMeo......................................................................................... 8
HYSYS - Dynsim.......................................................................................... 8
Unit Translations ......................................................................... 10
Air Cooler....................................................................................................... 10
Column.......................................................................................................... 12
Compressor................................................................................................... 33
Continuous Strirred Tank Reactor................................................................. 45
Conversion Reactor....................................................................................... 50
Equilibrium Reactor ....................................................................................... 56
Expander ....................................................................................................... 62
Fired Heater................................................................................................... 70
Flash.............................................................................................................. 74
Gibbs Reactor................................................................................................ 83
LNG Exchanger............................................................................................. 87
Mixer.............................................................................................................. 89
Pipe................................................................................................................ 94
Plug Flow Reactor.......................................................................................104
Pump...........................................................................................................109
Reset ...........................................................................................................116
Reaction Set................................................................................................121
Rigorous Heat Exchanger ...........................................................................127
Shortcut Column..........................................................................................142
Simple Heat Exchanger...............................................................................145
Spec, Vary and Define.................................................................................158
Splitter..........................................................................................................165
Stream.........................................................................................................170
Stream Calculator........................................................................................174
Valve............................................................................................................176
Validation ................................................................................... 183
Feed Validation............................................................................................183
Product Validation.......................................................................................183
Global Validation - Dynsim.........................................................................183
Pressure Imbalance.....................................................................................184

SIM4ME i

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Translation of PRO/II Models
Introduction and Overview on Translators
Process Representations
SimSci-Esscor offers many different software products tailored to suit specific process simulation
applications. For example, there is PRO/II for steady state simulation, Dynsim for dynamic
simulation and ROMeo for process optimization and performance monitoring. Each of these
software offerings follows a process flow sheet paradigm, but their respective flow sheets differ
in appearance because they are customized to be optimal for their particular application.

Lets consider modeling a process valve as illustrated below:

Source: I&CS Magazine, April 1999, PennWell Publishing

A design engineer would create a PRO/II model and the resulting flow sheet would appear as:

For design purposes, the engineer is primarily interested in any phase-split through the valve and
r:
the size of the valve for a specified design flow rate.

Now consider the analogous flow sheet within Dynsim, perhaps generated by a control enginee

The heart of this flow sheet is still the same valve, but in this flow sheet, Source & Sink
equipment representing the process battery limits are explicitly represented because their state
SIM4ME 1

determines the flow rates during a dynamic simulation. Recall that in dynamic simulation, all
flows are calculated from varying pressures and reverse flow is possible. In addition, since the
flow rate is no longer a specified quantity, but a dynamically calculated one, a control scheme
may be required to drive the process toward a desired flow rate via a set point.

Now consider the same PRO/II flowsheet within ROMeo. Notice that additional instruments like
flow meter, temperature probe have been added. These instruments represent the actual field data
nd are useful in conducting online optimization or performance monitoring. a

A T o
At t e different views
f the same process. A need was seen to arrive at a program where the user can use the same
etween
rograms and gives the user more functionality and flexibility than the programs working
independently.
following PRO/II flow sheet of a multi-feed valve:
w -Stage Translation
his point, it should be possible to ascertain why SimSci-Esscor supports thes
o
simulation and perform different studies. Thus, the Translator provides interoperability b
p

The process of translation occurs in two stages:

PRO/II to Common Data Model
Common Data Model to Dynsim or ROMeo.

To help clarify this, lets consider the

In its sustained efforts to be very user friendly, PRO/II allows the user to take many short cuts
when constructing a flow sheet. For instance, in reality, streams dont just originate or terminate
into thin air. They are connected to a feed or product tank or another process. Similarly, you will
ever see a multiple streams (i.e., pipes) directly flowing into a valve; they will need to be n
initially mixed in some sort of mixer, header or tank. Thus, the representation of this process in
the Common Data Model will be:

SIM4ME 2
To arrive at the minimal physical representation, the model was altered from four streams and
one-piece equipment to five streams and six pieces of equipment. This configuration will allow
for a more realistic translation into other flow sheet styles, be it Dynsim or ROMeo.

The second step of the translation is to move from the Common Data Model representation to
an actual Dynsim or ROMeo flow sheet. Here, additional equipment may be introduced to satisfy
the req
er the resulting Dynsim flow sheet:
uirements of this software.

Consid

Dynsim employs a pressure/flow
eparators, sources, sinks) be separated
solver which mandates that all pressure node devices (tanks,
by flow devices (valves, pipes) relative to process stream
on t fy this software specific
req m
piec o
s
c nec ivity. Thus, three additional valves were introduced to satis
uire ent. In the end, a single valve model in PRO/II yielded a Dynsim flow sheet with nine
es f equipment.
S ynsim and PRO/II to ROMeo for
ow.

Rules for Equipment Additions

It should be clear from the preceding example, that a set of simple rules is employed when
translating a flow sheet from PRO/II to the Common Data Model and subsequently to Dynsim.
These can be summarized as follows:

In the Common Data Model

All streams will be connected at both ends to equipment.
PRO/II streams with a non-connected end will force the introduction of a Source unit.
Flow devices (i.e., valves, pipes) will have only a single input and single output.
PRO/II flow devices with multiple feeds or products will force the introduction of a
mixing or splitting device (i.e., a header or drum).

imSci-Esscor addresses translation from PRO/II to D
n
SIM4ME 3

Now moving to the Dynsim flow sheet, this software requires

All pressure node devices must be separated by a flow device
Two, directly connected pressure node devices from the Common Data Model will
force the introduction of a valve, namely the default flow device
Flow should follow a negative pressure gradient
Flow paths with a positive pressure gradient will force the introduction of a stream set
unit.

Comprehending these rules should eliminate any ambiguity resulting from the added complexity
of your dynamic flow sheet.

SIM4ME 4
Supported Equipment Models and Thermodynamics

The functionalities applicable to PRO/II, Dynsim, and ROMeo environments, which were
considered during this integration, are detailed below.

The initial model will involve retrieving data from a PRO/II database having a limited set of unit
operations (i.e., stream, valve, etc) mapping it into a set of Dynsim or ROMeo equipment models
(i.e., source, stream, valve, sink, etc) and saving it in a relevant Dynsim or ROMeo database.
Mapping will be accomplished using the quickest possible implementation and using only a
minimal supporting framework.

Unit Operations

The functionalities included in this integration are listed below.
Air Cooler Pipe
Column Pump
Compressor Reaction Set
Conversion Reactor Reset
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Rigorous Exchanger
Equilibrium Reactor ShortCut Column
Expander Simple Exchanger
Fired Heater Spec, Vary and Define
Flash Splitter
Gibbs Reactor Streams
LNG Exchanger Stream Cutter
Mixer Valve and Relief Valve
Plug Flow Reactor

Thermodynamics Options

Accurate modeling relies on a strong foundation of thermo physical property prediction. Specific
thermodynamics methods that have been utilized during this integration are as follows:
Henrys Law /EOS
Density Methods: Rackett & Costald
Packages: Glycol, Amine & Alcohol
UOM conversions by UOM server
Library Manager

For a HYSYS to PRO/II translation, the thermodynamic options are listed in the Quick
Reference Guide.
SIM4ME 5

Translation Reports

The presentation of data in a consistent format is critical. All status messages are routed to the
Dynsim message monitor.
Tables, Reports and Trends will be in their inherent format as in Dynsim environment. However,
it is to be noted that certain reporting functionality available in PRO/II may not be available in
Dynsim.

SIM4ME 6
Application Briefs

This HYSYS Application briefs (*.xml) provided with PRO/II illustrate the use of Translator to
solve a wide range of typical industrial problems. The set of application briefs provide a
reference to various HYSYS scenarios, their corresponding translations in PRO/II, Dynsim,
ROMeo and what the typical results might be.

The Application briefs are divided into industry segements and are classified as: Gas Processing,
Refining and Petrochemical. The list of supported Application briefs are located in
\\SIMSCI\Proii71\User\Applib of your installed program.

HYSYS PRO/II

Gas Processing

1. Deethanizer Separation of ethane and lighter components from light hydrocarbon gas
stream.

2. Refrigeration loop Effect on refrigeration loop of losing auxiliary cooling duty.

3. Compressor train Selection of compressors for transportation of gas stream by a
pipeline.

4. Expander plant Separation of methane and lighter components from production gas.

5. Assay debutanizer Separation of methane and higher gases from hydrocarbon stream.

Refining

1. Crude oil distillation Atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

2. Stabilizer Wild naphtha stream stabilization column.

Petrochemical

1. C3 Splitter Propane/propylene splitter.

2. C2 Splitter Ethane/Ethylene splitter.

3. BTX Separation Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.

SIM4ME 7

HYSYS - ROMeo

Gas Processing

stream.


pipeline.



Refining

1. Stabilizer Wild naphtha stream stabilization column (Set vapor enthalpy method to
Redlich - Kwong).

Petrochemical

1. C3 Splitter Propane/propylene splitter

2. C2 Splitter Ethane/Ethylene splitter (Check the customization block).

HYSYS - Dynsim
For files containing Column, set Hydraulic properties in PRO/II for proper sizing of Column in
Dynsim and stable steady state.

You may have to check whether the PRO/II flowsheet adheres to the Dynsim flow-pressure
solver rules in order to get a stable steady state in Dynsim.

Gas Processing

stream.


pipeline.



SIM4ME 8
Refining

1. Crude oil distillation Atmospheric distillation of crude oil (Set vapor enthalpy method
to Redlich - Kwong).

2. Stabilizer Wild naphtha stream stabilization column (Set vapor enthalpy method to
Redlich - Kwong).

Petrochemical

1. C3 Splitter Propane/propylene splitter.

2. C2 Splitter Ethane/Ethylene splitter.

3. BTX Separation Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.

SIM4ME 9

Unit Translations
The SIM4ME Translator is the infrastructure used to convert simulation data files from one
simulation engine to another. The first version supports conversion from PRO/II to Dynsim, the
second version PRO/II to ROMeo and the third version from HYSYS to PRO/II.

Air Cooler

This section describes the scope and various scenarios of a HYSYS Air Cooler translation to a
PRO/II Utility Excahnger.

Base PRO/II Model Utility Exchanger

Introduction and Usage of the Model

PRO/II Utility Exchanger is a single sided heat exchanger with utility being defined on the other
side. Air can be mapped as utility fluid on the cold side while the process fluid is mapped on the
hot side.

Parameters

Utility HX Parameter UOM Description
HotProdTempCalc K Process Stream Outlet temperature
DutyCalc KJ/sec Air Cooler Duty
FeedData Feed Streams
ProductData Product Streams
SpecTypeFlag Specification Type Flag
UtilityPresCalc Utility Stream Outlet Pressure
HxSides Heat Exchanger Side Type Flag
HotPressDropCalc KPa Process Stream Pressure Drop
ColdPressDropCalc KPa Utility Stream Pressure Drop
NumberOfTubePass Number of Tube Pass
NumberOfShellPass Number of Shell Pass
UtilityFlowRate Kg-mol/sec Utility Flow Rate
UtilityTempIn K Utility Inlet Temperature
UtilityTempOutCalc K Utility Outlet Temperature
UtilityFluidFlag Utility Fluid Type
UtilitySideFlag Utility Fluid Side Flag

Equivalent Hysys Model Air Cooler

Introduction of the Model

HYSYS Air Cooler unit operation uses an ideal inbuilt air mixture as a heat transfer medium
to cool an inlet process stream to a required exit stream condition. One or more fans circulate the
air through bundles of tubes to cool process fluids. The airflow rate can be specified or calculated
from the fan rating information. The Air Cooler can solve for sets of specification including:
Overall heat transfer coefficient, UA
Total air flow
SIM4ME 10
Exit stream Temperature
Parameters

Parameter/Variable Type Description
FeedStreams STRINGARRAY Process Feed Stream
ProdStreams STRINGARRAY Process Product Stream
PressureDrop FLOAT Process Pressure Drop
AirInletTemperature FLOAT Air Inlet Temperature
AirOutletTemperature FLOAT Air Outlet Temperature
UA FLOAT Overall heat transfer coefficient
AirVolume FLOAT Air Volume
Configuration STRING Air Cooler Configuration
NumberOfFans LONG Number of Fans
TotalAirFlow FLOAT Total Air Flow

Common Data Base Structure

ProII Simple HX
Parameters
TL Utility Exchanger
Parameter
Hysys Air Cooler Parameters
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStreams
HotPressDropCalc Process.PressureDrop PressureDrop
UtilityTempIn Utility.FeedTemperature AirInletTemperature
UtilityTempOutCalc Utility.ProdTemperature AirOutletTemperature
UaCalc UAValue UA

AirVolume
NumberOfTubePass
NumberOfShellPass
NumberOfTubePass
NumberOfShellPass
Configuration
NumberOfFans
UtilityFlowRate Utility.MassFlow TotalAirFlow
UtilityFluidFlag UtilityFluidFlag
UtilitySideFlag UtilitySideFlag
HxSides HxSides
SpecTypeFlag SpecTypeFlag
HotProdTempCalc
UtilityPresCalc Process.Press

SIM4ME 11

Column

Base PRO/II Model


The PRO/II Column supports various features. Please refer to the PRO/II Reference
manual for details.

Parameters

The parameters that are used in the translation are from different PRO/II classes, namely Column,
ColumnIn and TraySizRat. The parameters from the Column class alone are not sufficient
for the translation. Therefore, we use parameters from the other classes too. The UOM for the
parameters are based on the P2Internal UOM Slate.

Parameter UOM Description
NumberOfTrays Number of trays in the column
NumComps Number of components
TrayTemperatures K Tray temperatures
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures
TrayNetVapRates kg-mol/sec Tray net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayTotalVaporRates kg-mol/sec Tray total vapor rates
TrayTotalLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayL1TotalRate kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid1 rates
TrayL2TotalRate kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid2 rates
TrayVaporMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray vapor molar enthalpy
TrayLiquidMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray liquid molar enthalpy
TrayVaporMoleFracs fraction Tray vapor compositions
TrayLiquidMoleFracs fraction Tray liquid compositions
TrayL1MolFrac fraction Tray liquid1 compositions
TrayL2MolFrac fraction Tray liquid2 compositions
TrayNumOfLiqPhases Number of liquid phases in tray
TrayVleKValues Tray VLE K values
CurrentFeeds Current number of feeds to the unit
CurrentProducts urrent number of products from the unit C
ThermoClassVLLEFlg VLLE thermo flag
VlleCheckFlag VLLE checking flag
FreeWaterFlag Free water flag
CondenserCode Condenser flag
ReboilerCode Reboiler flag
NumberOfHeaters Number of heaters
HeaterNames Heater names
HeaterRegOrPAFlag Regular or pump-around heater flag
HeaterTrayLoc Heater tray location
HeaterDuties kJ Heater duties
SIM4ME 12
HeatLeak kJ Heat leaks
ThermosiphonRebFlag Thermo-siphon reboiler flag
FeedSeparateFlag Separate feeds flag
OverallFeedSep Separate all or individual feeds flag
IndFeedSepFlag Separate flag for individual feeds
PckngTotNumSect Total number of packed sections
NumberOfFlashZones Number of flash zones
TrayEfficFlag Tray efficiency method
TrayEfficiencyFactor Efficiency factor for tray efficiencies
TrayEfficiency Tray efficiencies
NumOfCompEffTrays1 Number of tray component-efficiency trays
NumOfCompEfCompsSet1
Number of tray component-efficiency
components
TrayCompEffPrmry Array of user specified component-efficiencies
TrayCompEffThird
Array of component-efficiencies PRO\II actually
uses
CurrentPseudoProds
Current number of pseudo-products from the
unit
PseudoProdData Pseudo-product streams from unit
TFlowPhaseFlag Total flow pseudo-product phase flag
TFlowTrayNum Total flow pseudo-product tray numbers
ThermoSRebFeed Pseudo-stream of feed to thermo-siphon reboiler
ThermoSRebLiqProd
Pseudo-stream of liquid product from thermo-
siphon reboiler
ThermoSRebVapProd
Pseudo-stream of vapor product from thermo-
siphon reboiler
NumberOfTlowPas Number of pseudo pump-around streams
PmpArTFlowTrayFrom Pseudo pump-around streams tray numbers
PmpArTFlowPhaseFlag Pseudo pump-around streams phase flag
NumberOfPumparounds Number of pump-arounds
PumparoundNames Pump-around names
PumpAroundType Pumparound specification type
PumpAroundTrayFrom Pump-around from-tray numbers
PumpAroundTrayTo Pump-around to-tray numbers
PumpAroundPhase1 Pump-around phase
PumpAroundPhase2 Pump-around return phase
PumpAroundTdTFlag Pump-around return temperature specification
PumpAroundHeaterNum Pump-around heater number
PumpAroundMolRate kg-mol/sec Pump-around molar rate
PumpAroundEnthalpy kJ Pump-around return enthalpy
PumpAroundPressure kPa Pump-around return pressure
PumpAroundTempOrDT K
Pump-around return temperature or temperature
drop
PumpAroundLiqFrac fraction Pump-around return liquid fraction
RxnPresentFlag Reactions present in column flag
~TrayVaporMW
Mole
Weight
Tray vapor molecular weights (calculated using
P2OLEDBS during translation)
SIM4ME 13

~TrayVaporDensity kg/m
3
Tray vapor densities (calculated using
~TrayLiquidMW
Mole
Weight
Tray liquid molecular weights (calculated using
~TrayLiquidDensity kg/m
3
Tray liquid densities (calculated using
~COMPSLATE Component slate (default ALL)

ColumnIn Parameters
FeedData eed stream IDs F
FeedTrays eed tray numbers F
ProductData Product stream IDs
ProdTrays Product tray numbers
ProdType roduct types P
ColMultThermoFlag
Flag to determine whether or not multiple thermo
methods are used
ColThermoMethod Column thermo method
TrayThermoMethod Tray thermo methods
TFlowStreamIDs Total flow pseudo-product stream ids
PmpArTFlowStreamIDs Pump-around pseudo stream ids

TraySizRat Parameters
NumOfTraySizingSects umber of sizing sections N
NumOfTrayRatingSects Number of rating sections
SizingPressDropScal
Tray sizing: pressure drop scaling value for
alculation time c
SizingFirstTray ray sizing: first tray in section T
SizingLastTray ray sizing: last tray in section T
SizingTrayType Tray sizing: tray type
DumSR12 m Tray sizing: tray diameter
SizingTraySpacing m ray sizing: tray spacing T
RatingPressDropScal
Tray rating: pressure drop scaling value for
alculation time c
RatingFirstTray ray rating: first tray in section T
RatingLastTray ray rating: last tray in section T
RatingTrayType Tray rating: tray type
RatingTrayDiameter m Tray rating: tray diameter
RatingTraySpacing m Tray rating: tray spacing
RatingWeirHeight m ray rating: weir height T
DumSR17 kPa Tray pressure drop
DumSR07 Tray sizing: number of passes
RatingNumberOfPasses ray rating: number of passes T
DumSR08 Tray sizing: number of valves or caps
DummyI27 Tray rating: number of valves or caps
SIM4ME 14
RatingVSorCdiam m ray rating: valve, sieve, or cap diameter T
RatingPctSvHoleArea percent ray rating: sieve hole area T
DumSR20 m Tray side down-comer width
DumSR21 m Tray center down-comer width
DumSR22 m Tray off-Center down-comer width
DumSR23 m Tray off-Side down-comer width

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models

Introduction and Usage of the Model(s)

The PRO/II column translates into various models in Dynsim. In addition to the Tower, other
models such as the Utility-Exchanger, Pump, Drum, Separator, Source, Stream, and Pipe may
also be used depending on the feature being exercised in PRO/II. Please refer to the Dynsim Base
Equipment Reference Manual for details on their usage.

Parameters

This section lists the Dynsim parameters that are set by the translator for the Tower and Separator
models. Please refer to the appropriate functional specification documents for the parameter lists
of the other models. The UOM for the parameters are based on the DSInternal UOM Slate.

Static Parameters

Column

NSTAGE none Number of stages
NSECTIONS none Number of sections
STARTSTAGE none Start stage for each section
OFEEDSTREAM none Feed streams
OPRODSTREAM none Product streams
OPRODVAPOR none Vapor port product stream
OPRODLIQUID none Liquid port product stream
OBASEFEEDVAPOR none Vapor feed stream from the base model
OBASEPRODLIQUID none Liquid product stream to the base model
FEEDSTAGE none Feed tray location
PRODSTAGE none Product tray location
MM kg Column total metal mass
LX m Outlet port height
COMPSLATE none Component slate
METHODSLATE none Method slate
INTERNALPHASES none Phases for internal flash
E m Relative elevation
UL kW/m
2
-K Loss heat transfer coefficient

SIM4ME 15

DIA m Tray diameter
SPACING m Tray spacing
WEIRHEIGHT m Weir height
AERATIONFACTOR fraction Aeration fraction
DOWNCOMERAREAFRAC fraction Down-comer area fraction on the tray
WEIRLENGTHFRAC fraction Weir length fraction
HOLEAREAFRAC fraction Hole area fraction on the tray
HOLDUPFACTOR fraction Stage factor
WEEPVAPFLOW kg-mol/sec Weep vapor flow
KJ none Flow conductance factor
STAGEEFF fraction Stage efficiency
PASSES none Number of passes

Separator
ORIENTATION none Separator orientation
OFEEDSTREAM none Feed streams
OPRODSTREAM none Product streams
LI m Height of inlet port
LX m Height of outlet port
LEN m Vessel length
DIA m Vessel diameter
KVRECYCLE 1/sec Vapor Recycle tuning constant
KLRECYCLE 1/sec Liquid Recycle tuning constant
METHODSLATE none Method slate
INTERNALPHASES none Phases for internal flash
FEEDSTREAMSIDE none Side assignment for Feed streams (weir
present)
PRODSTREAMSIDE none Side assignment for Liquid-port streams
(weir present)
HEIGHTWEIR m Weir Height
DISTWEIR m Weir Length

State and Dynamic Parameters

Column

P kPa Pressure
UT kJ Total internal energy state
TM K Metal temperature
FV kg-mol/sec Vapor product mole flow rate
MWV Mole Weight Vapor product molecular weight
RV kg-mol/m
3
Vapor product mole density
QIMP kJ/sec Imposed heat to fluid
M kg-mol Total composition state
SIM4ME 16

Separator
QIMPL kJ/sec Imposed heat to liquid
P kPa Pressure
MV kg-mol Total vapor holdup composition state
ML kg-mol Total liquid holdup composition state
UTV kJ Total vapor holdup internal energy state
UTL kJ Total liquid holdup internal energy state
MLR kg-mol Total liquid holdup composition state (right
side of weir)
UTLR kJ Total liquid holdup internal energy state
(right side of weir)
QIMPLR kJ/sec Imposed heat to liquid (right side of weir)

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models


Please refer to the ROMeo Reference Manual for details on the ROMeo Column model.

Parameters

This section lists the ROMeo parameters that are set by the translator for the Column. The
ROMeo Column model aggregates one or more TrayedSection models. The translated column
will contain one TrayedSection model named TrSct_1 or PckSct_1. The UOM for the
parameters are based on the RMInternal UOM Slate.

~FeedStreams Feed streams
~ProdStreams Product streams
~FeedPorts Ports to which feed streams are connected to
~ProdPorts Ports to which product streams are
connected to
TopTempEstimate K Minimum temperature estimate
BotTempEstimate K Maximum temperature estimate
~COMPSLATE Component slate
~MethodSlate Method slate
~SideHeaterNames Side heater/cooler names
~SideHeaterTrayedSectNames Side heater/cooler trayedsection name s
~SideHeaterTrayLoc Side heater/cooler tray locations
~SideHeaterDuties Side heater/cooler duties
~SideHeaterDeferSpecsToColumn Side heater/cooler defer spec to column flag

SIM4ME 17

TrayedSection
SectionType Section configuration
InitialNumOfTrays Number of trays
FeedTray[Trays, Feed] Tray location of feed
DrawTray[Trays, Draws] Tray location of product
DrawPhase[Draws] Phase of the draw/product stream
ProdStreamSpecOption[Draws] Specification on the draw/product
stream
~TrayL2Present[Trays] Liquid2 presence flag.
v_BtmEquipPres kPa Bottom pressure of trayed section
v_NetVap[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net vapor rate leaving stage
v_NetLiq1[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net liquid1 rate leaving stage
v_NetLiq2[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net liquid2 rate leaving stage
v_TotVap[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total vapor rate leaving stage
v_TotLiq1[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total liquid1 rate leaving stage
v_TotLiq2[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total liquid2 rate leaving stage
v_StagePres[Stages] kPa Stage pressure
v_StageTemp[Stages] K Stage temperature
v_TrayPres[Trays] kPa Tray pressure
v_TrayTemp[Trays] K Tray temperature
v_DeltaPresPerTray[Trays] kPa Delta pressure per tray
v_HeatLeak[Stages] kJ/sec Stage heat leaks
PIntrp.v_DeltaPresPerStage[Stages] kPa Pressure interpolation model Delta
pressure per stage
TIntrp.v_DeltaTempPerStage[Stages] K Temperature interpolation model -
Delta temperature per stage
TIntrp.v_DeltaTempPerTray[Trays] K Temperature interpolation model -
Delta temperature per tray
Vap[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage vapor composition
Liq1[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage liquid1 composition
Liq1[Stages].v_SumMoleFrac fraction Stage liquid1 sum of mole fractions
Liq2[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage liquid2 composition
Liq2[Stages].v_SumMoleFrac fraction Stage liquid2 sum of mole fractions
~SelectedEffModelType Tray efficiency type
DefaultEfficiency Default tray efficiency
~SplitMapSection Tray numbers of the last trays of tray
efficiency mapsections
v_MapSectionEfficiency[MapSections] Mapsection efficiencies

SIM4ME 18
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Column - Trayed Section/Condensor/Reboiler


HYSYS supports several prebuilt column configurations. The basic column templates are
Absorber, Liquid-Liquid Extractor, Reboiled Absorber, Refluxed Absorber, Distillation and
Three Phase Distillation. These templates are subflowsheets (collections of units) that contain
different combinations of Tray Section, Condenser and Reboiler units. For example, the Absorber
contains only the Tray Section while the Distillation column contains a reboiler and condenser in
addition to the Tray Section. Please refer to the Hysys Reference Manual for more details on the
Column model.

Besides the Tray Section, Condenser and Reboiler, the column subflowsheet can contain other
units such as Heater, Cooler, Separator, Pump, Valve, etc. The units in the column subflowsheet
are mapped as separate units.

Parameters

This section lists the HYSYS parameters that are accessed by the translator for the Column
specific models. The UOM for the parameters are based on the HYSYS internal units.

Since the column is a special type of subflowsheet, some of the data on the column (like
TrayPresssures, TrayNetLiquidRates, TrayNetVaporRates, Column Specifications,
PumpArounds, etc) is saved in column subflowsheet objects such as as AbsorberObject,
DistillationObject, etc. We refer to these column subflowsheet objects as ColumnSubFS objects.
These ColumnSubFS objects are different from the regular subflowsheet objects, which serve as a
container for the objects within.

ColumnSubFS Parameters

ColumnSubFS Parameter UOM Description
~OrigClassName Original classname -
AbsorberObject, DistillationObject,
etc.
~SubFlowSheetName Name of the corresponding regular
subflowsheet object
TopDownFlag ALIAS
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnStageNumbering
Flag for naming of stages (1 is
TopDown, 0 is BottomUp)
ColTopPress ALIAS
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnTopPressure
kPa Pressure of first stage
ColBtmPress ALIAS
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnBtmPressure
kPa Pressure of last stage
ColTopPressStatus ALIAS
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnTopPressure.Status
Top pressure specification flag
ColBtmPressStatus ALIAS
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnBtmPressure.Status
Bottom pressure specification flag
TrayPressures ALIAS
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.
StagePressureValue.Value
kPa Stage pressures (includes all stages -
tray section, condenser, reboiler
stages, etc.)
TrayPressStageNumbers ALIAS Stage pressure stage numbers
SIM4ME 19

ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.StageN
umber
TrayPressStageNames ALIAS
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.StageIn
dex
Stage pressure stage names
TrayPressStatus ALIAS
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.
StagePressureValue.Status
Stage pressure specification status
TrayTemperatures ALIAS
OptionalEstimation.x_EstimationSet.
OptionalTemperatureEstimate
K Stage temperatures
TrayNetVapRates ALIAS
OptionalNetVapoutEstimate
kg-
mol/sec
Stage net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates ALIAS
OptionalNetLiquidEstimate
kg-
mol/sec
Stage net liquid rates
TrayLiqComposition ALIAS
CompositionEstimatesLiqData.
x_StageLiquidCompositionEstimatesInfo.x_Composit
ionEstimatesLiq. ComponentLiqEstimate
fraction Stage liquid composition
TrayVapComposition ALIAS
CompositionEstimatesVapData.
x_StageVapourCompositionEstimatesInfo.
x_CompositionEstimatesVap.ComponentVapEstimate
fraction Stage vapor composition
FeedInternalStreams ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Intern
alStream.TaggedName
Internal feed streams to
subflowsheet
FeedExternalStreams ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Extern
alStream.TaggedName
External feed streams to
subflowsheet
ProdInternalStreams ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet.I
nternalStream.TaggedName
Internal product streams from
subflowsheet
ProdExternalStreams ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet.
ExternalStream.TaggedName
External product streams from
subflowsheet
FeedTransferBasis ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Transf
erBasis
Transfer basis between internal and
external feeds
ProdTransferBasis ALIAS
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet.
TransferBasis
Transfer basis between internal and
external products
SpecNames ALIAS
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecNam
e
Specification names
SpecObjTypes ALIAS
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecObje
ctType
Specification object class names
SIM4ME 20
SpecTypes ALIAS
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecsVal
ue.SpecType
Specification types
SpecDraws ALIAS
ue.Draw.TaggedName
Specification draws
SpecStreams ALIAS
ue.Stream.TaggedName
Specification streams
SpecFirstStreams ALIAS
ue.FirstStream.TaggedName
Specification first streams
SpecSecondStreams ALIAS
ue.SecondStream.TaggedName
Specification second streams
SpecValues ALIAS
ue.SpecValue
Specification values
SpecWtTol ALIAS
ue.SpecWeightedTolerance
fraction Specification weighted tolerance
SpecAbsTol ALIAS
ue.SpecAbsoluteTolerance
Specification absolute tolerance
SpecLowValues ALIAS
ue.SpecRangeLowValue.Value
Specification lower bound values
SpecUpValues ALIAS
ue.SpecRangeUpperValue.Value
Specification upper bound values
SpecPhase ALIAS
ue.Phase.Value
Specification phases
SpecBasis ALIAS
ue.Basis
Specification basis (mass, molar,
volume)
SpecDryBasis ALIAS
ue.DryFlowBasis
Specification dry or wet basis
SpecStatus ALIAS
ue.SpecActiveStatus.Value
Specification status (active or
inactive)
SpecStages ALIAS
ue.Stage.TaggedName
Specification status
SpecTargetType ALIAS
ue.TargetType.Value
Specification target (stage or stream)
SpecHSComps ALIAS Specification Hysys components
SIM4ME 21

ue.x_Component.TaggedName
SpecMTComps Specification SIM4ME thermo
components
SpecCompsSpecNum Specification number corresponding
to specification component
SpecEnergyStreams ALIAS
ue.EnergyStream_Numerator.TaggedName
Specification energy streams
SpecPANames ALIAS
ue.PumpAroundName
Specification Pump around names
SpecHXNames ALIAS
ue.Heater_CoolerOp.TaggedName
Specification Heat Exchanger names
SpecCutPoint ALIAS
ue.CutPointA.Value
percent Specification cut points
PANames ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.Name
Pump around names
PAFromStages ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.FromStage.Tagged
Name
Pump around start stage
PAToStages ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.ToStage.TaggedNa
me
Pump around return stage
VBPNames ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.Name
Vapor bypass name
VBPFromStages ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.FromStage.TaggedNam
e
Vapor bypass start stage
VBPToStages ALIAS
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.ToStage.TaggedName
Vapor bypass return stage
SolverType ALIAS
ColumnInfo.SolverOptions.SolverType.Value
Solver Type
TwoLiquidCheck ALIAS
ColumnInfo.SolverOptions.TwoLiquidCheck
Two liquid check option

Tray Section Parameters
TrayedSection Parameter UOM Description
ColumnSubFSObject Name of the corresponding
ColumnSubFS object
FluidPkg ALIAS FluidPackage.FluidPackage Fluid package
NumberOfStages Number of stages/trays in the
tray section
TopFeed ALIAS TopFeed.TaggedName Top feed
BottomVapourFeed ALIAS
BottomVapourFeed.TaggedName
Bottom vapor feed
BottomsLiquidProd ALIAS Bottom liquid product
SIM4ME 22
BottomsLiquidProd.TaggedName
TopVapourProd ALIAS TopVapourProd.TaggedName Top vapor product
FeedStreams ALIAS
OptionalFeeds.x_OptionalFeedStream.Stream.TaggedName
Optional feed streams
FeedStages ALIAS
OptionalFeeds.x_OptionalFeedStream.StageNumber
Optional feed stream stages
LiquidDraws ALIAS
LiquidDraws.x_LiquidDraw.Stream.TaggedName
Liquid side draws
LiquidDrawStages ALIAS
LiquidDraws.x_LiquidDraw.StageNumber
Liquid side draw stages
VapourDraws ALIAS
VapourDraws.x_VapourDraw.Stream.TaggedName
Vapor side draws
VapourDrawStages ALIAS
VapourDraws.x_VapourDraw.StageNumber
Vapor side draw stages
WaterDraws ALIAS
WaterDraws.x_WaterDraw.Stream.TaggedName
Liquid2/Water side draws
WaterDrawStages ALIAS
WaterDraws.x_WaterDraw.StageNumber
Liquid2/Water side draw
stages
TrayEfficiencies ALIAS
StageDataSets.x_StageData.TrayEfficiencyValue
fraction Tray efficiencies
TrayEffiStageNumbers ALIAS
StageDataSets.x_StageData.Number
Tray efficiency stage
numbers
TrayEffiStageNames ALIAS
StageDataSets.x_StageData.StageIndex
Tray efficiency stage names
CompEfficiencies ALIAS
StageDataSets.x_StageData.x_SingleComponentEfficiency.
ComponentEfficiencyValue.Value
fraction Component efficiencies
TopDownFlag Flag for naming of stages (1
is TopDown, 0 is BottomUp)
StageNumbers Stage numbers of the
stages/trays in the tray section
StageNames Names of the stages/trays in
the tray section
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures for the trays in
the tray section
TrayTemperature K Tray temperatures
TrayNetVapRates kg-
mol/sec
Tray net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates kg-
mol/sec
Tray net liquid rates
TrayLiqComposition fraction Tray liquid composition
TrayVapComposition fraction Tray vapor composition
SolverType Solver type

SIM4ME 23

Tray Rating / Sizing Parameters
TraySectionName Tray Section Name
PercentLiquidDraw Percent Percent Liquid Draw
SieveTrayFloodingMethod Sieve Tray Flooding Method
SectionNumber Section Number
SectionName Section Name
StartTray Section Start Tray
EndTray Section End Tray
InternalType Section Internal Type: Tray/Packed
CalculationMode Tray Rating/ Sizing Mode
NumberOfFlowPaths Number Of Flow Paths
TraySpacing m Tray Spacing
TrayThickness m Tray Thickness
SectionDiaSpec m Section Diameter
FoamingFactor Foaming Factor
MaxDPHeightOfLiquid m Max DP Height Of Liquid
MaximumFlooding Maximum Flooding Specified
SieveHolePitch Sieve Hole Pitch
SieveHoleDiameter m Sieve Hole Diameter
DowncomerType Downcomer Type
DowncomerClearance m Downcomer Clearance
SDowncomerTopWidth m Side Downcomer Top Width
SDowncomerBottomWidth m Side Downcomer Bottom Width
CDowncomerTopWidth m Centre Downcomer Top Width
CDowncomerBottomWidth m Centre Downcomer Bottom Width
OCDowncomerTopWidth m Off Centre Downcomer Top Width
OCDowncomerBottomWidth m Off Centre Downcomer Bottom Width
OSDowncomerTopWidth m Off Side Downcomer Top Width
OSDowncomerBottomWidth m Off Side Downcomer Bottom Width
SectionDiameterResults m Section Diameter
CrossSectionalArea m
2
Cross Sectional Area
SectionHeight m Section Height
SectionDeltaP KPa Section Delta P
MaximumDeltaPPerLength KPa/m Maximum Delta P Per Length
FlowWidth m Flow Width
ActiveArea Active Area Percent
DowncomerArea m
2
Downcomer Area
TotalWeirLength m Total Weir Length
SideWeirLength m Side Weir Length
TrayPressDrop KPa Tray Press Drop
TrayName Tray Name
HETP HETP
HETPCorrelation HETP Correlation

SIM4ME 24
Condenser Parameters
Column Parameter UOM Description
FeedStreams ALIAS
FeedStream.x_Stream.TaggedN
ame Feed Steam to Condenser
VapourProduct ALIAS
VapourProduct.TaggedName
Vapor Product Stream
LiquidProduct ALIAS
LiquidProduct.TaggedName
Liquid Product Stream
EnergyStream ALIAS
EnergyStream.TaggedName
Duty stream to Condenser
RefluxStream ALIAS
RefluxStream.TaggedName
Condenser to Column Reflux Stream
HeavyLiquidProduct ALIAS
HeavyLiquidProduct.TaggedNa
me
Heavy (L2) Product Stream for 3 Phase Condenser
DeltaP KPa Condenser DP

Reboiler Parameters
FeedStreams ALIAS
FeedStream.x_Stream.TaggedN
ame Feed Steam to Condenser
VapourProduct ALIAS
Vapor Product Stream
LiquidProduct ALIAS
Liquid Product Stream
EnergyStream ALIAS
Duty stream to Condenser
DeltaP KPa Reboiler DP


Units of Measure

The UOM for the parameters are based on the P2Internal UOM Slate.

Parameters

This section lists the Column parameters in the TL layer.

NumOfTrays none Number of trays in the column
FeedStreams none Feed stream IDs
ProdStreams none Product stream IDs
FeedTrayLocs none Feed tray numbers
ProdTrayLocs none Product tray numbers
ProdType none Product types
DrawType none Draw types (Total or fixed)
SIM4ME 25

TrayTemperatures K Tray temperatures
VapTrayTemps K Tray vapor temperatures
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures
TrayNetVapRates kg-mol/sec Tray net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayNetLiq1Rates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid1 rates
TrayNetLiq2Rates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid2 rates
TrayTotalVaporRates kg-mol/sec Tray total vapor rates
TrayTotalLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayVaporMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray vapor molar enthalpy
TrayLiquidMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray liquid molar enthalpy
TrayVaporMoleFracs fraction Tray vapor compositions
TrayLiquidMoleFracs fraction Tray liquid compositions
TrayLiquid1MoleFracs fraction Tray liquid1 compositions
TrayLiquid2MoleFracs fraction Tray liquid2 compositions
TrayNumOfLiqPhases Number of liquid phases in tray
TrayVaporMW Mole Weight Tray vapor molecular weights
TrayVaporDensity kg/m
3
Tray vapor densities
TrayLiquidMW Mole Weight Tray liquid molecular weights
TrayLiquidDensity kg/m
3
Tray liquid densities
TrayVleKValues none Tray VLE K values
TrayThermoMethod none Tray thermo methods
InternalPhases none Phases for internal flash
CalcType none Calculation type (rating or sizing)
TrayType none Tray type
NumberOfPasses none Tray number of passes
NumberOfValvesOrCaps none Tray number of valves or caps
ValveCapOrSieveDia m Tray valve, cap or sieve diameter
PctSieveHoleArea percent ray sieve hole area T
DownComerSide m Tray side down-comer width
DownComerCenter m Tray center down-comer width
DownComerOffCenter m Tray off-Center down-comer width
DownComerOffSide m Tray off-Side down-comer width
TrayEfficiencyFlag none Tray efficiency method
TrayEfficiencyFactor none Efficiency factor for tray efficiencies
TrayEfficiency none Tray efficiencies
DownComerOrient none
Tray down-comer orientation (whether tray
has side, center or off-center down-comer -
used if only if passes is 2 or 4)
TrayDiameter m Tray diameter
TraySpacing m Tray spacing
TrayWeirHeight m Tray weir height
SideHeaterTrayLoc none Side heater tray location
SideHeaterDuties kJ Side heater duties
HeatLeak kJ Heat leaks
ReboilerType none Type of reboiler
SIM4ME 26
ReboilerDuty kJ Reboiler duty
ToReboilerStream none
Stream to reboiler exchanger (used only for
thermo-siphon reboiler)
FromReboilerStream none
Stream from reboiler exchanger (used only
for thermo-siphon reboiler)
BottomProdStreams none
Bottom sump product streams (used only for
thermo-siphon with baffle)
BottomPressure kPa
Bottom sump pressure (used only for
BottomTemperature K
Bottom sump temperature (used only for
BottomMW Mole Weight
Bottom sump liquid molecular weight (used
only for thermo-siphon with baffle)
BottomMolarDensity kg-mol/m
3
Bottom sump liquid molar density (used only
for thermo-siphon with baffle)
BottomSpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol
Bottom sump liquid enthalpy (used only for
BottomCompMoleFraction fraction
Bottom sump liquid composition (used only
for thermo-siphon with baffle)
BottomToRebMolarFlow kg-mol/sec
Overflow rate from bottom sump to reboiler
sump (used only for thermo-siphon with
baffle)
CondenserType none Type of condenser
CondenserDuty kJ Condenser duty
FreeDraws none Draws that can be freed
SolverType none Solver type

PRO/IIDynsim mapping

This section explains the details of the PRO/II to Dynsim mapping via the TL layer.

In PRO/II the Column model may be used to simulate the combination of column and periphery
equipment such as condensers, reboilers and pump-arounds as a single model. In reality, these
would be separate equipment. During the mapping to Dynsim, the PRO/II Column unit may be
mapped into multiple units as the situation demands.

Number of stages/trays

In PRO/II, the condenser and reboiler are simulated by adding stages in addition to the actual
number of trays/stages in the column. The number of stages in the PRO/II column unit is a sum
of the column, condenser (one stage) and reboiler (kettle one, thermo-siphon two) stages. The
column in the TL and DS layers may have a different number of trays/stages because of this. In
addition, the Dynsim tower model has an internal sump for all translated configurations except
where the PRO/II Column has a thermo-siphon reboiler. The internal sump in Dynsim tower
model itself acts as an equilibrium stage. For example, if the PRO/II column has a condenser and
a thermo-siphon reboiler, the tower in Dynsim will have three stages lesser than the PRO/II
column.

SIM4ME 27

Thermodynamic Methods

In PRO/II the user may specify thermodynamic methods for individual trays (for some or all of
them) or use the same method for all the trays. The TL layer supports methods for each tray. If a
tray doesnt have a method specified, the translator will use the method from the next tray that
has a method specified or will use the default method slate. Dynsim does not support stage-by-
stage method slates. Therefore, the method slate of the first tray in the TL layer will be used as
the method slate of the Dynsim tower.

The method slates of the periphery units (such as pumps, drums, etc) that are added during the
mapping will be set based on that of the PRO/II stage that they are attached to.

Phases

By default, the internalphases is VLE. If in PRO/II the user chooses VLLE, LLE or
check for VLLE option, VLLE will be used. VLW will be translated as FREE_WATER.

Feed Streams

PRO/II supports the flashing of a feed and feeding the vapor and liquid to the tray above and the
feed tray, respectively. This option is not yet available in Dynsim. Therefore, both the vapor and
liquid portions of the feed will be fed to the feed stage. The feeds will be connected at the bottom
of the stage in Dynsim.

PRO/II supports feeds to the condenser (first) and reboiler (last) stages. The translator will shift
such feeds to the stage below and above, respectively.

Product Draws

Three types of products are supported in the TL Column: Vapor, Liquid1 and Liquid2. The
different types of draws in PRO/II such as vapor draw, liquid draw, overhead vapor draw,
bottoms, etc., would be mapped into Vapor, Liquid1 or Liquid2 based on their phase.

Vapor draws and overhead vapors will be translated as vapor products. Liquid draws, overhead
liquids, bottoms, liquid1 total draws, liquid1 part draws, liquid1overhead products will be
translated as Liquid1 products. Water decants, liquid2 total draws, liquid2 part draws and liquid2
overhead products will be translated as Liquid2 products.

In Dynsim, vapor or liquid is drawn by connecting the product stream at appropriate heights from
the tray,. The vapor product streams will be connected at a height equal to the tray spacing.
Liquid1 products are typically attached at the bottom of the tray. If the TL internalphases is set
to VLLE or FREE_WATER (which implies a second liquid phase is possible though
Dynsim column doesnt support it currently), the liquid1 products will be attached at a height
equal to the weir height. Liquid2 products will be attached at the bottom of the tray.

Tray Hydraulics

If the user has performed tray sizing/rating calculations in PRO/II the tray hydraulics information
will be translated. If the user has chosen the option of performing these calculations only at the
time of report generation, the user should run the PRO/II simulation and generate the report
SIM4ME 28
before translating it. In PRO/II the user has the option of performing tray sizing/rating for all the
trays or for only some of the trays. In such cases, for those trays for which no sizing/rating
calculations were performed, the translator will use the values from the next or previous tray that
has mechanical details.

PRO/II supports different types of trays (Valve, Sieve, Cap) and tray configurations (flow paths,
down-comer widths, etc). Though the Dynsim tray does not support exactly the same
specifications, the translator calculates the Dynsim specifications from the PRO/II tray data.

In Dynsim, the stage data will be set section wise. Tray diameter (DIA), tray spacing (SPACING)
and weir height (WEIRHEIGHT) will be mapped as is from PRO/II. Number of passes
(PASSES) is set to OTHER. The down-comer area fraction (DOWNCOMERAREAFRAC), weir
length fraction (WEIRLENGTHFRAC) and hole area fraction (HOLEAREAFRAC) are
calculated from the PRO/II tray data based on the type of tray, number of passes, down-comer
widths, etc. Default-values of 0.7, 1.0 and 1.0 are used for the aeration factor, liquid recycle
tuning constant, and tray factor, respectively. The weep vapor flow is set to 40% of the tray vapor
flow rate. The flow conductance scale factor (KJSCALEFACTOR) is calculated using the vapor
flow rate from the tray below, pressure drop across the tray, hole area fraction, etc.

If no mechanical details are available for any of the trays from the PRO/II simulation, i.e., if no
tray sizing/rating calculations were performed, the translator will calculate the tower diameter.
For other parameters, translator uses the following values:

Dynsim tray parameter Value
SPACING 0.6096 m
WEIRHEIGHT 0.0508 m
AERATIONFACTOR 0.7
DOWNCOMERAREAFRAC 0.1
WEIRLENGTHFRAC 0.7
HOLEAREAFRAC 0.12
KJ 1.0

The metal mass (MM) of the column is estimated based on the tower diameter, tower height,
metal density of 7760 kg/m3 (steel) and a thickness of 0.125. A minimum value of 5000 kg will
be used.

Information such as construction material, wall thickness, system-loading-factor and deck
thickness will not be translated. Sloped down-comers are not supported in Dynsim. Therefore,
bottom widths of sloped down-comers will not be translated.

Packing

Packing details, if any, will not be translated.

Reboiler

PRO/II supports three types of reboiler calculations: Kettle, Thermo-siphon with no baffle and
Thermo-siphon with baffle. In PRO/II the user simulates these by adding one, two and two
additional stages respectively.

SIM4ME 29

Kettle Reboiler

In Dynsim, the number of stages will not be affected by the presence of the kettle reboiler. The
kettle reboiler will be simulated using the tower internal sump and a utility exchanger.

Thermo-siphon Reboiler

Since the thermo-siphon is simulated in PRO/II by two additional stages, the tower in Dynsim
will have at least two stages less. The two stages will be simulated in Dynsim using a separator
(sump) and a utility-exchanger (reboiler). In PRO/II, the product from the reboiler stage is flashed
and the liquid sent to the sump and the vapor to the bottom tray. This is simulated in Dynsim, by
feeding the reboiler product to the separator and controlling the recycle tuning constants
(KVRECYCLE and KLRECYCLE). The user should adjust these appropriately.

With No Baffle
A vertical separator with no weir is used since only one sump is needed.

With Baffle

A vertical separator with weir is used since two sumps (bottom sump and reboiler sump) are
needed. The left side of the separator is the bottom sump while the right side is the reboiler sump.

Condenser

In PRO/II, the user simulates a condenser by adding one additional stage. Therefore, the tower in
Dynsim will have at least one tray less. The condenser will be simulated by adding additional
equipment such as utility-exchanger, drum and pump. The condenser duty is accounted for in the
utility-exchanger.

SIM4ME 30
Pump-arounds

PRO/II supports both liquid and vapor pump-arounds. Only liquid pump-arounds will be
supported. The picture below shows how a pump-around will be translated into Dynsim. A pump
is typically inserted into the flow sheet. If the duty for the pump-around is greater than 1.0E-3 KJ
then a utility-exchanger is also inserted.

Side Heaters

The side heater duty is translated to Utility Exchanger in Dynsim.

Heat leaks specified for a tray in PRO/II are translated to QIMP for each stage in Dynsim. In
PRO/II even if the user provides heat leaks for only a few trays, PRO/II automatically fills in heat
leak for the other trays. The translator uses these calculated heat leaks. Since the heat-loss is
accounted for in QIMP, the loss heat transfer coefficient (UL) is set to zero. The QIMP is a
constant; it will not change with the column conditions.

Tray Efficiencies

PRO/II supports three types of tray efficiencies: Murphee, Equilibrium and Vaporization. Only
Murphee efficiency will be translated to Dynsim. By default, the tray efficiency is one in Dynsim.
The tray efficiency in Dynsim is based on bypassing a part of the vapor feed around the feed and
is not same as the Murphee efficiency in PRO/II. The translator will calculate and set in Dynsim
the tray efficiency that simulates the same effect as the Murphee efficiency specified in PRO/II.
PRO/II supports Murphee efficiencies greater than 1. In such cases, an efficiency of one will be
used.

1 ,
*
,
1 , ,
,
+
+
=
n i n i
n i n i M
n i
y y
y y
E

SIM4ME 31

M
n i
n i n i
n i n i
E
y y
y y
,
1 , ,
1 ,
*
,
+
+
+ =
*
, 1 ,
*
, ,
1 ,
,
1 TRAYEFF
n i n i
n i n i
n v
n v
y y
y y
F
F
=
+ +

PRO/II also supports component tray efficiencies. The translator does not support these.

Reactions

Translation of reactions is not supported in this release.

Pseudo Products

PRO/II column supports pseudo streams that have no effect on the column material or energy
e effectively references to the tray conditions. It is possible that the user has
ttached other process units downstream of the pseudo streams.
simulated by inserting sources, which are initialized
based on the tray/pseudo stream conditions. The stream would no longer be attached to the tower
in Dynsim (as that would impact the material/energy balance of the column) but to the newly
inserted source.

Flash Zones

The flash zone trays are translated as if they were regular trays with side heaters. User should
check/reconfigure column as appropriate.
balance. They ar
a

During translation, the pseudo streams are
SIM4ME 32
Compressor

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Compressor translation.

Base PRO/II Model


The compressor unit simulates a single stage isentropic compression. An optional after-cooler is
attached to the outlet stream to cool the products to the desired temperature.

Calculation Method

The operating specifications for a compressor unit include one of the pressure, work or head
specifications, and the compressor efficiency or outlet temperature. A specific value can be
entered for these parameters or a performance curve can be supplied.

PRO/II performs compressor calculations by simulating the Mollier diagram. The point
corresponding to the inlet condition is determined by calculating the enthalpy and entropy at the
inlet pressure and temperature. A constant entropy path is then followed until the outlet pressure
is reached. The adiabatic work is determined by the enthalpy difference between the initial and
final conditions. If the adiabatic efficiency is not 100%, the actual enthalpy change is computed
by dividing the adiabatic enthalpy change with the adiabatic efficiency.

PRO/II also calculates other parameters including the isentropic and polytrophic coefficients,
polytrophic efficiency, and polytrophic work, using one of the two Compressor Calculation
Methods. The default calculation method is the ASME Power Test Code 10 method, which can
be changed to the GPSA Engineering Data Book method if desired. If the polytrophic efficiency
is supplied, the adiabatic efficiency is back calculated using these methods to determine the actual
work.

The compressor unit supports both VLE and VLLE methods to determine the individual phase
compositions. See VLE Model and VLLE Model for more details.

Feed and Product Streams

The compressor unit can have any number of feed streams. The inlet pressure is taken to be the
lowest pressure of all the feed streams.

The compressor unit can have up to four product streams with different phases in each stream.
The possible product phases are vapor, liquid, decanted water / second liquid phase, a mixture of
vapor and liquid, and solids. If there are multiple product streams leaving the compressor unit,
the phase condition for each stream must be specified.

SIM4ME 33

Parameters

AcDutyCalc kJ/sec Duty of the after cooler. This value is only available when after
cooler is configured in the compressor
AcPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop across the after cooler. This value is only
available when after cooler is configured in the compressor
AcTempCalc K Exit temperature of the after cooler. This value is calculated
only when after cooler is attached to the Compressor
ActVolVapFlow Vapor volumetric flow rate
AdiabaticHead m Adiabatic head.
CompressFactIn Compressibility factor at inlet
CompressFactOut Compressibility factor at outlet
EffAdiaCalc percent Adiabatic efficiency
EffCalc Compressor isentropic efficiency
EffCurveLength Size of the efficiency curve vector
EffExpoCalc Exponential factor for efficiency. This value is used in
efficiency fan law
EffPolyCalc percent Polytropic effeciency
FlowInletCalc m
3
/sec Calculated inlet flow is the net inlet flow.
HeadCalc m Calculated value of the head across the Compressor.
HeadExpoCalc Exponential factor for head. This value is used in head fan law.
IsenCoeffCalc Isentropic coefficient
PerCurveLength Size of the performance curve vector
PolyCoeffCalc Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicHead m Polytropic head
PressCalc kPa Compressor inlet pressure.
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure rise across the compressor.
PressOutCalc kPa Compressor outlet pressure.
PressRatioCalc Ratio of outlet pressure to the inlet pressure. Should always be
greater than 1.
PressRatioSwitch Limiting value of Pressure ratio. Below this value, temperature
equation is used to calculate polytropic/isentropic coefficient.
Above this value Head equation will be used
RefRPMCalc rpm Reference speed of the compressor
RPMCalc rpm Actual speed of the compressor
TempCalc K This is the temperature of the pump product streams and should
be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct stream.
PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
temperatures available to other units through the
spec/vary/define subsystem. The value is set during the PRO/II
flow sheet solve
WorkActualCalc kJ Actual isentropic work
SIM4ME 34
WorkAdiaCalc kJ Actual adiabatic work
WorkCalc KW Power required to run the compressor
WorkPolyCalc kJ Polytropic work
WorkTheoCalc kJ Theoretical work.
PerCurveFlowRates Vector containing the flow values of the performance curve
PerCurveValues Vector containing the head values of the performance curve
ProductStoreData
AfterCoolerFlag Flag to indicate whether after cooler is attached to compressor
or not
1 - After cooler attached
0 - No after cooler
CalcMethodFlag Flag to indicate the method calculation method used
1 - GPSA
0 - ASME
CurrentFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit
CurrentProducts The number of product streams currently attached to the unit
EffCurveType Flag to indicate the type of efficiency curve
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
EffFlag Flag to indicate efficiency selected
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
MultEffCurveFlag Flag to indicate multiple curves
1 - Multiple curves
0 - No multiple cirves
PerCurveBasis Flag to indicate the work curve type
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
3 - Actual
PerCurveType Flag to indicate the type of the curve
1 - Q vs Head
2 - Q vs Work
3 - Q vs P
4 - Q vs Pressure ratio
AcStrmId Stream ID of the internal after cooler product stream
FeedAdiaStrmID Stream ID of the internal adiabatic feed stream.
FeedIsenStrmId Stream ID of the internal isenthalpic feed stream
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an internal
feed stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MethodData Method slate used in the Compressor. Default method slate is
globally set in the thermo. It can also be set in individual unit
SIM4ME 35

operations. Should be consistent across the flow sheet unless
separated by Thermodynamic reset unit.
ProdAdiaStrmId Stream ID of the internal isenthalpic product stream
FeedData A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
FeedData does not contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition of the individual streams,
only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used to
retrieve the stream data block which contains a complete
description of the stream
ProductData A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams. See
FeedData

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header Compressor Utility Exchanger
Drum


The Compressor is a flow device that is used to model a centrifugal Compressor. The
Compressor calculates the available head based on the pressure differential across it. The
volumetric flow rate is interpolated from the user provided performance curve based on the
calculated head. Power is calculated from the user provided efficiency curve. Reverse flow
through a Compressor is allowed.

The Compressor performance is characterized by a Cubic-spline or Linear curve fit and may be
specified by either entering three or more points from the manufacturer characteristic curve (head
vs. volumetric flow) or entering one design point (head and volumetric flow). The parameters
DHScale and QScale are used to scale the compressor performance. The fan laws scale the
compressor curve with speed. The curve is also modified with change in inlet guide vane
position.

The Compressor calculates the shaft work, fluid flow, and fluid enthalpy rise. The speed is
calculated from a shaft or motor and transferred to the compressor by a mechanical stream. The
Compressor sets the power required in the mechanical stream. Alternatively, speed can be fixed.

Header is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single merged feed to Flow Device.

Drum is used for the phase separation and streams are connected to various ports based on the
product phase specifications.

Utility Exchanger is used for Inter cooling.

SIM4ME 36
Parameters

Static Parameters to Database
DHSCALE m Head across Compressor
ETASCALE fraction Efficiency
QSCALE m
3
/sec Volumetric Flow
SPEED rpm Compressor Speed. Default value can be used.

Parameters to States.dat
DH m Head
ETA fraction Efficiency
FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
FLASH.P KPa Pressure
FLASH.T K Temperature
FLASH.VF fraction Vapor Fraction
FLASH.LF1 fraction Liquid Fraction 1
FLASH.R kg-mol/m
3
Molar Density
FLASH.MW Molecular Weight
FX kg-mol/sec Molar flow
POWER KW Power
Q m
3
/sec Volumetric flow
SPEED rpm Compressor speed
FLASH.Z [0]...FLASH.Z
[i]
fraction Composition

Equivalent ROMeo Model: Mixer Compressor Flash - Heat Exchanger


The Compressor unit models a single-stage isentropic compression with a single feed and a single
product stream.

The operating specifications for a Compressor unit include pressure, work or head specifications
and the compressor efficiency. The user can supply a specific value for these parameters or a
performance curve.

An optional aftercooler can be connected to the outlet stream to cool the product stream to the
desired temperature. Other parameters, including the isentropic and polytropic coefficients,
polytropic efficiency and polytropic work are calculated using the ASME Power Test Code 10
compressor calculation method.

The Compressor also supports GPSA Engineering Data Book method.

SIM4ME 37

When there is more than one feed stream attached to PRO/II compressor, Mixer is added. Mixer
is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single merged feed to Compressor.

When there is more than on outlet stream from PRO/II compressor, Flash is added. Flash is used
for the phase separation and streams are connected to various ports based on the product phase
specifications.

Heat Exchanger is added when aftercooler is configured in Compressor.

ActualHead m Actual Head
ActualWork kJ/sec Actual work
BaseLineEff fraction Baseline Efficiency
CompressionRatioSwitch
It is the value of IsenPresRatio at which the GPSA
calculations should IsentropicCoef equations
CorrectedVolume m
3
/sec Used in case of fan laws only.
CurrentEff fraction Current efficiency
EfficiencyVar fraction
Always points towards the current selected efficiency
variable
EffOffsetFromBaseline fraction
Difference between current efficiency and base line
efficiency
FanE Head coefficient
FanH Efficiency coefficient
FanW Work coefficient. Default is 3.
IsenC (ns -1)/ns ns isentropic coefficient
IsentropicCoef fraction Isentropic coefficient
IsentropicEff fraction Isentropic efficiency
IsentropicHead m Isentropic Head
IsentropicWork kJ/sec Isentropic work
PolyC (n -1)/n npolytropic coefficient
PolytropicCoef fraction Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicEff fraction Polytropic efficiency
PolytropicHead m Polytropic head
PolytropicWork kJ/sec Polytropic work
Pres kPa Compressor exit pressure
PresRatio Frac Pressure ratio
PresRise kPa Pressure rise
RefHead m
Reference head. Based on the specification chosen, it
takes the corresponding head value.
RefSpeed rpm Reference speed
RefSpeedRatio fraction Ratio of actual speed to the reference speed
Speed rpm Actual speed
SIM4ME 38
VolFlowPerRPM m
3
/sec-rpm Volumetric flow per rpm
kJ/sec Polytropic work
BladeAngle Compressor blade angle
UseFanLaws
Flag to indicate whether Fan laws are used or not 0
Do not use Fan laws 1 Use Fan laws
CalcType
Compressor calculation type. Allowable values are
ASME and GPSA.
EfficiencySelection
Enumerator for selection of the efficiency. Allowable
values are Current_Efficiency,
Baseline_Efficiency, Fixed
EfficiencyType
Enumerator for selection of efficiency type.
Allowable values are Isentropic_Efficiency,
Polytropic_Efficiency
SpecType
Enumerator to select Compressor specification type.
Allowable values are OutletPressure,
PressureRise, PressureRatio, Work,
IsentropicWork, PolytropicWork, Head,
IsentropicHead, PolytropicHead, FanWork,
FanIsentropicWork, FanPolytropicWork,
FanHead, FanIsentropicHead,
FanPolytropicHead

Note: For Isentropic Stream parameters, refer to Stream parameters.

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Compressor


HYSYS compressor is mapped to PRO/II compressor.

The Compressor operation is used to increase pressure of an inlet gas stream with relatively high
capacities and low compression ratios. Compressor calculates a stream property or the
compression efficiency.

Parameters

AdiabaticEfficiency Float Adiabatic efficiency of Compressor
EnergyStream ALIAS
String Heat Stream Connect to Compressor
HeadCurveData ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_CompExpC
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Head
FloatArray Head Curve Data points
EfficiencyCurveData ALIAS
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Efficiency
FloatArray Efficiency Curve Data Points
SIM4ME 39

FeedStream ALIAS
x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
StringArray Feed Streams
ProdStream ALIAS
x_ProductStream.AttachmentName
StringArray Product Streams
FlowCurveData ALIAS
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Flow
FloatArray Flow Curve Data Points
SpeedData ALIAS
urve.Speed
FloatArray Speed Curve Data Points
HeadUnits ALIAS
urve.HeadUnits
StringArray Head Curve Units
FlowUnits ALIAS
urve.FlowUnits
StringArray Flow Curve Units
EffType ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.CompExpCur
veEfficiencyType
Long Efficiency type
CurveFlag ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.CompExpCur
vesEnabled
Long Curve Enable flag
CurveDataPoint ALIAS
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Number
IntArray Data Points in each curve
Speed Float Operating Speed
CurveActive StringArray Checks to See if Curve Specified is True or
False

Common Data Base Structure Compressor

Parameters

Parameters UOM Description
AcDutyCalc
kJ/sec After cooler duty
AcPressDropCalc
Pressure drop across after cooler
AcTempCalc
After cooler outlet temperature
AdiabaticHead
kJ/kg Adiabatic head
CompressFactIn
Compressibility factor at inlet
CompressFactOut
Compressibility factor at outlet
EffAdiaCalc
percent Adiabatic efficiency
EffExpoCalc
Efficiency exponent factor
Efficiency
percent Actual Efficiency
EffPolyCalc
percent Polytrophic efficiency
EffVapFlowIn

SIM4ME 40
Head
kJ/kg Actual Head
HeadExpoCalc
Head exponential factor
IsenCoeffCalc
Isentropic coefficient
IsenCompressibility
Isentropic stream compressibility
IsenLiquid2Fraction
Isentropic stream water fraction
IsenLiquidFraction
Isentropic stream liquid fraction
IsenMolarDensity
Isentropic stream molar density
IsenMolarFlow
Isentropic stream molar flow
IsenMW
Isentropic stream molecular weight
IsenPressure
Isentropic stream pressure
IsenSpecificEnthalpy
Isentropic stream enthalpy
IsenSpecificEntropy
Isentropic stream entropy
IsenTemperature
Isentropic stream temperature
IsenVaporFraction
Isentropic stream vapor fraction
PolyCoeffCalc
Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicHead
kJ/kg Polytropic head
Power
kW Work
PressDropCalc
kPa Pressure rise
PressOutCalc
kPa Outlet pressure
PressRatioCalc
Pressure ratio
PressRatioSwitch
It is the value of IsenPresRatio at which the GPSA
calculations should IsentropicCoef equations
Pressure
kPa Inlet pressure
RefRPMCalc
rpm Reference speed
Speed
rpm Operating speed
Temperature
K Exit temperature
VolFlow
m
3
WorkActualCalc
kW Actual work
WorkAdiaCalc
kW Adiabatic work
WorkPolyCalc
kW Polytropic work
WorkTheoCalc
kW Theoretical work
IsenCompMoleFraction
Isentropic stream mole fraction
PerCurveFlowRates
Performance curve flow rates
PerCurveValues
Performance curve head values
ProductStoreData

SIM4ME 41

AfterCoolerFlag
After cooler flag 1- after cooler configured 0 No after
cooler
CalcMethodFlag
Flag to indicate the method calculation method used
1 - GPSA
0 - ASME
EffCurveLength
Size of efficiency curve vector
EffCurveType
Efficiency curve type
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
EffFlag
Efficiency type flag
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
MultEffCurveFlag
Flag to indicate multiple curves
1 - Multiple curves
0 - No multiple cirves
NumOfFeeds
Number of feed stream
NumOfProds
Number of product stream
PerCurveBasis
Flag to indicate the work curve type
1 Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
3 - Actual
PerCurveLength
Size of the performance curve vector
PerCurveType
Flag to indicate the type of the curve
1 - Q vs Head
2 - Q vs Work
3 - Q vs P
4 - Q vs Pressure ratio
~DeltaPType
Pressure drop type Positive / Negative
~DeviceType
Device type - Flow / Pressure
AcStrmId
Aftercooler stream
COMPSLATE
Component slate
FeedAdiaStrmID
Feed adiabatic stream
FeedIsenStrmId
Feed isentropic stream
MethodSlate
Method slate
ProdAdiaStrmId
Product adiabatic stream
FeedStreams Feed streams
ProdStreams Product streams
SIM4ME 42
Compressor exit stream parameters, which are configured after the cooler is configured in PRO/II
Compressor. These parameters are set to the stream connecting the compressor to the after cooler
utility exchanger, which is feed to the aftercooler.

BcLiquidFraction
fraction liquid fraction
BcMolarDensity
kg-mol/m
3
molar density
BcMolarFlow
kg-mol/sec molar flow
BcMW
molecular weight
BcPressure
kPa Pressure
BcSpecificEnthalpy
kJ/kg-mol Specific enthalpy
BcSpecificEntropy
Specific entropy
BcTemperature
K Temperature
BcVaporFraction
fraction Vapor fraction
BcWaterFraction
fraction Water Fraction
BcCompMoleFraction
fraction Mole fraction

Calculation of Derived Parameter from PRO/II to TL Layer

Head in meters is converted to kJ/kg using the following equation:

1000
9.81 (meter) Head
(kJ/kg) Head
=

Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to DynSim Layer

There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to Dynsim layer mapping.

Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to ROMeo Layer

Corrected volume

When Fan Laws are used in Compressor, corrected volume is used.

. atio.L) (RefSpeedR
VolFlow
olume.L CorrectedV
FanE
Feed
=

ASME Factor

ASME Factor is calculated when ASME method is used.
SIM4ME 43

1) - atio (PressureR VolFlow Pressure
IsenC Work Isentropic
ASMEFactor

Coef Isentropic
1) - cCoef (Isentropi
IsenC
IsenC
Feed Feed

=
=

Polytropic Coefficient

Coef Polytropic
1.0) - cCoef (Polytropi
PolyC

)
VolFlow
VolFlow
Log(
reRatio) Log(Pressu
Coef Polytropic
Prod
Feed
=
=

Efficiency Offset from Baseline

f BaselineEf - Var Efficiency e romBaselin EffOffsetF =

SIM4ME 44
Continuous Strirred Tank Reactor

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS Continuous
Strirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support CSTR
reactors.

Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes, such
as catalyst data and overriding to the Reaction data section are currently not translated.

Base PRO/II Model


The CSTR module simulates a continuously fed, stirred tank reactor. It assumes that the stirring
results in perfect mixing. The module may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty
specified, or in isothermal mode either at a specified temperature or at the feed temperature, or
under constant volume for the boiling pot model.

Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data and reaction kinetics are taken from a
reaction set in the Reaction Data Section.

Parameters

Reactor Operation Parameters

Unit Class: [CSTR]
UnitName Unit Description
CurrentFeeds Number of Feed streams
CurrentProducts Number of Product streams
CurrentPseudoProds
MergedFeed Merged feed stream
MergedProduct Merged product stream
MethodData Thermo method set name
FeedData Names of feed streams
ProductData Names of product streams
PseudoProdData
ProductStoreData Phases of product streams (V/L/M etc.)
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
OperTypeCalc

Reactor operation mode
1 "User Specified Temperature"
2 "Adiabatic"
3 "Use Feed Temperature"
4 "Fixed Volume" (allowed only for boiling)
OperPhaseCalc

Reactor Phase flag (Note "3" is not used)
1 "Vapor"
SIM4ME 45

2 "Liquid"
4 "Boiling Pot Reactor"
PressureFlag 1=PRESSURE; 2=DELTA P; 3=NEITHER
NumReactions Number of reactions
RxnBasisFlagCalc

Reaction rate equation basis
1 "Concentration"
2 "Partial Pressure"
3 "Fugacity"
4 "Activity"
KinTypeFlagCalc

Kinetic rate calc routine flag
1 "Power Law Equation"
2 "User Kinetic Subroutine"
3 "In-Line Procedure"
SpecCatTypeFlag

Type of fixed catalyst
1 "Mole Fraction"
2 "Weight Fraction"
3 "Mole Quantity"
4 "Weight Quantity"
BaseCompCalc

Array of Base Component Numbers (index into
component slate)
BaseCompIn Array of base component names
RxnSetNumber Reaction set ID
NumRxnComp Number of components in each reaction
RxnID Array of reaction names
CompID

Component ID's that correspond to component
data input
OutPressCalc kPa outlet pressure
OutTempCalc K outlet temperature
DutyCalc kJ/sec Reactor duty (adiabatic operation)
VolumeCalc m
3
Volume
MaxVolumeCalc m
3
Maximum volume
MaxTempIn K Adiabatic Tmax
MinTempIn K Adiabatic Tmin
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
DeriveSizeCalc Step size for numerical derivation
TempTolerCalc K Absolute temperature tolerance
CompTolerCalc Mole fraction Tolerance for component mole fraction
EnthalpyTolerCalc kJ Absolute enthalpy tolerance
VolumeEstimate m
3
Volume estimate
TempEstimate Temperature estimate

Reaction Data Parameters
ActivEnergyIn Activation Energies
PexpFactorIn Preexponential Factors
RxnExponentIn Reaction exponent
SIM4ME 46
PexpWtUOM Preexponential Factor WT UOM Qualifier
PexpLiqvUOM Preexponential Factor LIQV UOM Qualifier
PexpPresUOM Preexponential Factor PRES UOM Qualifier
PexpTempUOM Preexponential Factor TEMP UOM Qualifier
PexpTimeUOM Preexponential Factor TIME UOM Qualifier

Catalyst Data Parameters
SpecCatIDIn ID vector for fixed catalysts
NumSpecCat No. of catalyst with fixed charge
MoleFracSpecCat Fixed catalyst mole fraction
WtFracSpecCat Fixed catalyst wt fraction
MoleSpecCat Fixed catalyst mole number
WtSpecCat Fixed catalyst wt amount

Equivalent HYSYS Models

Parameters

Unit Class: [KineticReactorOpObject]
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.Attac
hmentName
Array of feed stream names
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentNa
me
Reaction set name
Energy ALIAS
EnergyStream.Attachment
Name
Energy stream name
VapourProd ALIAS
VapourProduct.Attachment
Name
Vapour product name
LiquidProd ALIAS
LiquidProduct.Attachment
Name
Liquid product name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
DeltaP kPa Pressure drop
Volume m
3
Volume

SIM4ME 47

Dummy Parameters

The following dummy parameters are included in the configuration file for convenience but are
not filled in from the HYSYS XML file.

STRINGARRAY: ProdStreams //Non-existent
FLOAT: DeltaTemp //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: Pressure //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: ReactorDuty //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: Temperature //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: IsoDTFeed //Non-existent - come through as RMISS


Parameters

Class Name: [CSTR]
NumComps Number of componentts
NumOfFeeds Number of feed streams
NumOfProds Number of product streams
MethodSlate Thermo method set name
COMPSLATE Component slate
FeedStreams Array of feed stream names
ProdStreams Array of product stream names
ProductStoreData Product stream phases (V/L/M etc.)
RxOperType Reactor operation mode
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase

1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
NumberOfReactions Number of reactions
CompBasisFlag

1=Concentration; 2=Partial Pressure; 3=Vapour
Fugacity; 4=Liquid
RxnSetID Array of reaction names
BaseCompNumbers

component slate)
OutPresCalc kPa Outlet pressure
ReactorPresDropCalc kPa Pressure drop
SIM4ME 48
OutTempCalc K Outlet temperature
ReactorDutyCalc kJ/s Reactor Duty (adiabatic operation)
VolumeCalc m
3
Volume
MaxVolumeCalc m
3
Maximum volume
AdiaTmaxIn K Max Temperature (adiabatic operation)
AdiaTminIn K Min Temperature (adiabatic operation)
SIM4ME 49

Conversion Reactor

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II to ROMeo Conversion
Reactor translation and HYSYS to PRO/II translation. Currently, Dynsim does not support
conversion reactors.

Base Pro II Model


The Conversion Reactor simulates a chemical reactor by solving the heat and material balances
based on supplied reaction stoichiometry and fractional conversion. There is no limit to the
number of simultaneous reactions, which may be modeled.

The fractional conversion of a specified base component is defined for each reaction. The
corresponding changes in the amounts of the other components in the reaction are determined
from the stoichiometry. The conversion of the base component may be expressed as a function of
temperature by entering the coefficients for the equation:

Conversion = A + B.T + C.T
2

The reaction stoichiometry and any heat of reaction data must be entered into a reaction set in the
Reaction Data Sets Window before the reactor performance can be specified. These data cannot
be defined or modified in the reactor unit.

By default, the reactor operates at the feed temperature. Alternatively, user can specify:

Temperature Rise across the reactor
Isothermal operation at a Fixed Temperature
Reactor Fixed Duty

Parameters

Conversion Reactor
Parameter
UOM Description
CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached
to the unit
CurrentProducts
The number of product streams currently
attached to the unit
MergedProduct
The stream ID of the merged product stream.
This is an internal product stream that is used to
set the Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and
composition of all product streams
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed
streams. FeedData does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or
composition of the individual streams, only the
ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used
to retrieve the stream data block which contains
SIM4ME 50
Conversion Reactor
Parameter
UOM Description
a complete description of the stream
ProductData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product
streams. See FeedData
OutPresCalc KPa Reactor Outlet Pressure
OutTempCalc K Reactor Outlet Temperature
ReactorDutyCalc KJ/sec Reactor Duty
ReactorPresDropCalc KPa Reactor Pressure Drop
CalcConversions Conversion Calculation
ConvCoeff Conversion Coefficients ( A, B and C)
ConvCoeffB Conversion Coefficients B
ConvCoeffC Conversion Coefficients C
HeatsOfReaction KJ/Kg-mol Heat of Reaction
StoiCoefIn Stoichiometric Coefficients of the reaction
NumberOfReactions Number Of Reactions
PressureFlag
Pressure Specification:
0. Outlet Pressure 1. Pressure Drop
RxType
Reactor Type:
0. Default Conversion 1. Shift Reactor
2. Methanation Reactor 3. Calculator Reactor
ConvBasisFlag
Conversion Basis Specification:
1. Feed 2. Reaction
HeatBalanceFlag
Heat Balance Specification
0. Do heat balance 1. No heat balance
BaseCompID Base Component Name
BaseCompNumbers Base Component Index

Equivalent ROMeo Model

Introduction and Usage of Model

The Conversion Reactor simulates a chemical reactor by solving the heat and material balances
based on supplied reaction stoichiometry and fractional conversion.

The fractional conversion of a specified base component is defined for each reaction. The
corresponding changes in the amounts of the other components in the reaction are determined
from the stoichiometry. The conversion of the base component may be expressed as a function of
temperature by entering the coefficients for the equation:

Conversion = A + B.T + C.T
2

The user can specify the reaction stoichiometry, conversion coefficients, and the base component
for the reaction. The base component must be a reactant in the reaction. ROMeo takes
conversion basis as feed or reaction.

The operating conditions of the reactor are specified by the following thermal and pressure
specifications:

SIM4ME 51

Outlet Temperature/Temperature Change across the reactor
Reactor Fixed Duty
Outlet Pressure/ Pressure Change across the reactor

Parameters

Reactor Parameter UOM Description
v_v_DeltaTemp K Temperature Change across the reactor
v_v_PresDrop KPa Pressure Drop across the reactor
v_v_ProdPres KPa Product Pressure
v_v_ProdTemp K Product Temperature
v_v_Q kJ/sec Reactor Duty
HReaction kJ/kg-mol Heat of Reaction
Stoich Stoichiometry of reaction
v_v_A Conversion Coefficient A
v_v_B Conversion Coefficient B
v_v_BaseMolarFlow Kgmol/sec Molar Flow of Base Component
v_v_C Conversion Coefficient C
v_v_Conversion Conversion Rates
v_v_ReactionRate Kg-mol/sec Reaction Rate defined wrt base component
v_v_RxnMolarFlow Kg-mol/sec Reaction Molar Flow
NumAdditionalRxns Number of reaction to be added into the reactor ( Reactor
initializing parameter)
NumRxns Num of reactions in the reactor
BaseComponent Base Component of a reaction
ConvBasis Conversion Basis of reactions Feed or Reaction
PresType Pressure Specification Type User (Outlet Pressure) or Delta
(Pressure Drop Across Reactor)
RtrType Thermal Specification Type: Temp ( Temperature
Specification), Duty ( Duty Specification)
TempType Temperature Specification Type: User ( User Outlet
temperature), Feed (Same as feed temperature) or Delta
(Temperature rise across reactor)

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Conversion Reactor


A HYSYS Conversion Reactor supports only reaction sets that contain conversion reactions.
Each reaction in the set will proceed until the specified conversion is attained or until a reactant is
exhausted. The product streams from a reactor can be: a Vapor, a Liquid stream, an aqueous
phase or a mixed liquid phase.

In case of multiple reactions, a reaction sequence can be specified. An overall conversion rate of
0% to 100% can be specified for a set of reactions. The specified rate is either a global value or a
local value that applies to the current operation only.

SIM4ME 52
Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.AttachmentName
Feed stream names
VapourProd ALIAS
VapourProduct.AttachmentName
Vapour product stream name
LiquidProd ALIAS
LiquidProduct.AttachmentName
Liquid product stream name
Energy ALIAS
EnergyStream.AttachmentName
Energy stream
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentName
Reaction set name
ReactionName ALIAS
x_ConReactionInfo.ReactionName
Reaction names
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
C0 ALIAS
x_ConReactionInfo.C0.SpecifiedValue
percent
1st Conversion coefficient
C1 ALIAS
percent 2
nd
Conversion coefficient
C2 ALIAS
percent 3
rd
Conversion coefficient


Parameters

Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in SI units
MergedProd Merged Product Streams
FeedStreams Feed Streams
ProdStreams Product Streams
Temparature K Product Temperature
Pressure KPA Product Pressure
ConvCoeffA Conversion Coefficient A
ConvCoeffB Conversion Coefficient B
ConvCoeffC Conversion Coefficient C
HeatsOfReaction KJ/Kg-mol Heat of Reaction
BaseCompID Base Component
BaseCompNumbers Base Component index
SIM4ME 53

StoiCoeff Stoichiometric Coefficients
NumberOfReactions Number Of Reactions

Mapping
ProII Reactor
Parameters
TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters HYSYS Parameters
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds FeedStreams.size
CurrentProducts NumOfProds
Derived from
VapourProd and
LiquidProd
MergedProduct MergedProd
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStreams
Derived from
VapourProd and
LiquidProd
OutTempCalc Temparature v_v_ProdTemp
If either the vapour or
liquid product
temperature is
specified , it is used
here
OutPresCalc Pressure v_v_ProdPres Pressure
ConvCoeff ConvCoeffA
v_v_A C0
ConvCoeffB ConvCoeffB v_v_B C1
ConvCoeffC ConvCoeffC v_v_C C2
HeatsOfReaction HeatsOfReaction HReaction
BaseCompID BaseCompID BaseComponent
BaseCompNumbers BaseCompNumbers
StoiCoefIn StoiCoeff Stoich
NumberOfReactions NumberOfReactions
NumRxns
NumAdditionalRxns
= 1
PressureFlag PressureFlag = 1
RxType RxType = 0
ConvBasisFlag ConvBasisFlag = 1
RxOperType RxOperType
If vapour or liquid
product temperature is
supplied set to 1,
otherwise 2
ReactorPresDropCalc PressureDrop DeltaP
NumConvCoeff NumConvCoeff = 3
NumStoicCoeff = 0
XoptionFlag XoptionFlag = 0
RxnID RxnID
See
HSTLConvReactorMa
pper.cpp

SIM4ME 54
Calculation of Derived Parameter from PRO II to TL Layer

There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from PRO/II to TL layer mapping.


There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to ROMeo layer mapping.
SIM4ME 55

Equilibrium Reactor

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS
Equilibrium Reactor translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support Equilibrium
reactors.

Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes, such
as overriding the Reaction data section are currently not translated.

Base Pro II Model


The Equilibrium reactor module simulates a reactor by solving the heat and material balances for
one or more simultaneous reactions based on stoichiometry, equilibrium constant, and approach
to equilibrium data. The module may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty
specified, or in isothermal mode either at a specified temperature or at the feed temperature.

Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data, and reaction equilibrium data are
taken from a reaction set in the Reaction Data Section.

Parameters


Unit Class: [EquReactor]
CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
RxOperType

1 = Specified Tout;
2 = ADIABATIC;
3 = ISOTHERMAL
RxOperPhaseFlag

1 = VAPOR PHASE Reaction
2 = LIQUID PHASE Reaction

PressureFlag 1=PRESSURE; 2=DELTA P
SIM4ME 56
BaseCompNumbers

component slate)
BaseCompID Array of base component names
RxnSetID Reaction set ID
OutPressCalc kPa Outlet pressure
ReactorDutyCalc kJ/sec Reactor duty (adiabatic operation)
IsoDTFeed K Temperature difference from feed
ProdEnthalpy kJ/sec Product enthalpy
AdiaTmaxIn K Adiabatic Tmax
AdiaTminIn K Adiabatic Tmin
ReactorPresDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
XoptionFlag

0 = Stop calculations;
1 = No reaction;
2 = ADD MAKE-UP;
3 = REDUCE CONVERSION
NegCompFlag

Negative components
0=No; 1=Yes
HeatBalanceFlag

0 = Do Heat balance;
1 = Don't do Heat balance
RxType

0 = Equilibrium REACTOR;
1 = SHIFT REACTOR;
2 = METHANATOR
TempFracApprFlag

Whether approach temperature or fractional
approach
EquilTempApproach
K
Equilibrium approach temperatures for each
reaction
NumConvCoeff

Number of coeff to express FRACTIONAL
APPROACH (=3)
FracApprCoeff Fractional approach coefficients
ShiftRxnDataIn

SHIFT data
0=No; 1=Yes
MethRxnDataIn

METHANATION data
0=No; 1=Yes
CalcConversions fraction

HeatsOfReaction kJ/kmol Heats of Reaction
HeatOfRxnBaseComp Base component for heat of reaction
RefPhaseFlag

Reference phase for heat of reaction 1 =
VAPOR; 2 = LIQUID
HeatOfRxnRefTemp K Reference temperature for Heat of Reaction
NumEquilCoeff Number of coeff to express EQUILIBRIUM
SIM4ME 57

data (=8)
EquilCoeff Equilibrium coefficients (input)
StoiCoefIn Stoichiometry coefficients (input)
EquilCoeffCalc Equilibrium coefficients (calc)
EquWtUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant WT UOM Qualifier
EquLiqvUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant LIQV UOM Qualifier
EquPresUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant PRES UOM Qualifier
EquTempUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant TEMP UOM Qualifier


Parameters


Unit Class: [EquilibriumReactorOpObject]
FeedStreams ALIAS
hmentName
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentNa
me
Reaction set name
ReactionName ALIAS
x_Reaction.Value
Reaction names
Energy ALIAS
Name
Energy stream name
VapourProd ALIAS
Name
Vapour product name
LiquidProd ALIAS
Name
Liquid product name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
ApproachDT ALIAS
x_DeltaT.Value
C
Approach Temperature (There is actually only
one of these because it seems HYSYS allows
only one reaction. But we
convert into an array)
C0 ALIAS
x_C0.SpecifiedValue

1
st
Coefficient for fractional approach. These are
actually specified in the Reaction section in
HYSYS and must be copied to here in the XML.
That's handy because in PRO/II this data goes in
SIM4ME 58
the unit op.
C1 ALIAS
x_C1.SpecifiedValue

2
nd
Coefficient for fractional approach. These
are actually specified in the Reaction section in
the unit op.
C2 ALIAS
x_C2.SpecifiedValue

3
rd
Coefficient for fractional approach. These
are actually specified in the Reaction section in
the unit op.


The following Equilibrium Coefficients are not transferred across - they come from the reaction
data section but must be copied into the Reactor unit in the XML.

FLOATARRAY: A ALIAS x_A.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: B ALIAS x_B.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: C ALIAS x_C.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: D ALIAS x_D.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: E ALIAS x_E.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: F ALIAS x_F.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: G ALIAS x_G.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: H ALIAS x_H.SpecifiedValue

Dummy Parameters


STRINGARRAY: ProdStreams //Non-existent
FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS

SIM4ME 59


Parameters

Class Name: [EquReactor]
NumComps Number of components
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase

Reaction Phase flag
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
RxnSetID Reaction Set name
BaseCompNumbers

component slate)
BaseCompID Base component names
Pressure kPa Outlet pressure
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop
Temperature K Outlet temperature
ReactorDuty kJ/s Reactor Duty (adiabatic operation)
IsoDTFeed
ProdEnthalpy
AdiaTmaxIn K Max Temperature (adiabatic operation)
AdiaTminIn K Min Temperature (adiabatic operation)
DeltaTemp K
XoptionFlag

0 = Stop calculations;
1 = No reaction;
2 = ADD MAKE-UP;
3 = REDUCE CONVERSION
NegCompFlag

Negative components
0=No; 1=Yes
HeatBalanceFlag

0 = Do Heat balance;
1 = Don't do Heat balance
RxType

0 = Equilibrium REACTOR;
1 = SHIFT REACTOR;
SIM4ME 60
2 = METHANATOR
TempFracApprFlag

Whether approach temperature or fractional
approach
EquilTempApproach
K
Equilibrium approach temperatures for each
reaction
NumFracCoeff

Number of coeff to express FRACTIONAL
APPROACH (=3)
FracApprCoeff Fractional approach coefficients
ShiftRxnDataIn

SHIFT data ?
0=No; 1=Yes
MethRxnDataIn

METHANATION data ?
0=No; 1=Yes
Conversion fraction
NumEquilCoeff Num coeff to express EQUILIBRIUM data (8)
EquilCoeff
HeatsOfReaction
SIM4ME 61

Expander

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Expander translation to
the Dynsim and ROMeo Expander and a HYSYS Expander to a PRO/II Expander.

Base PRO/II Model


he expander unit simulates a si T ngle stage isentropic expansion in PRO/II. The operating
r the expander unit are the outlet conditions (outlet pressure, pressure drop,
ork) and the expander efficiency. If the outlet pressure is specified, the power
enerated and the outlet temperature is calculated. If work is specified, the corresponding
sure is ed.

Parameter UOM
specifications fo
ressure ratio, w p
g
letdown pres calculat
Parameters
Description
CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
Since Expander is a flow device in Dynsim with only one
input stream, a Header is added at the upstream if the value
of this parameter is >= 2

CurrentProducts
The number of product streams currently attached to the
unit. Since Expander is a flow device in Dynsim with only
one output stream, a Drum is added at the downstream, to
account for phase separation, if there is more t

han one
product stream.
MergedFeed
nal The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an inter
enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MergedProduct
ernal

The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an int
enthalpy and composition of all fproduct streams
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
temperature, pressure, or composition of the individual
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block which contains a
complete description of the stream
ProductData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams.
See FeedData.
ProductStoreData A vector containing the product phases corresponding to
SIM4ME 62
each of the product stream.
TempOutletCalc K
ms and
value to that of the MergedProduct
gh the
This is the temperature of the expander product strea
should be identical in
stream. PRO/II uses this variable to make the product
stream temperatures available to other units throu
spec/vary/define subsystem.
PressOutCalc kPa
will be identical to the pressure of the
h
t changed by PRO-II during its unit
is likely to be a correct and consistent value.
over PressOutletIn. [Also: See
This variable
MergedProd stream.
It may be different from the PressOutletIn parameter, whic
is the user-entered value for the outlet pressure.
PressOutletIn is no
calculations.
PressOutCalc
So, mapping using the outlet pressure should pick up this
PressOutCalc in preference
TempOutletCalc]
EffAdiaCalc
ork Calculated value of adiabatic efficiency used in the w
calculation
WorkActualCalc J/sec hat is derived from the expander K Calculated value of Work t
VolFlowVapInlet m
3
/sec Inlet volumetric flow rate
AdiaStrmID
in initializing Feed adiabatic flash stream ID. Used
Expander feed flash
IsenStrmID
Feed isentropic flash stream ID. Used in initializing
Expander isentropic flash
WorkTheoCalc kJ/sec Isentropic work calculated by PRO-II
WorkIn kJ/sec User entered Work by the Expander
HeadCalc r Expander m Calculated Head fo
PressRatioCalc Dimensionless
xpander Ratio of outlet pressure to inlet pressure of e
calculated by PRO-II.
PressDropCalc kPa Calculated pressure drop across the expander.
SpecFlag Dimensionless
ec, SpecFlag = 1.
This flag is used to select the specification either based on
pressure or work.
For all Pressure related sp
For Work, the SpecFlag = 2.
PressOutletIn kPa

II initializes this with a value
This is a user-entered value for the Outlet pressure of the
Expander. By default, PRO-
1.5e+035. So, its value will be different only if the user
enters a different value.
So, spec mapping is done as follows. If the SpecFlag is one
and PressOutletIn value != -1.5e+035, then this need to
considered as specification.
PressDropIn kPa and PressDropIn value != -1.5e+035, th
Internal input parameter for pressure. If the SpecFlag is one
en this need to
PressRatioIn Dimensionless
al input parameter for pressure. If the SpecFlag is one
and PressRatioIn value! = -1.5e+035, then this needs to
Intern
SIM4ME 63

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header Expander - Drum

he Expander is a flow device that can be used to model a steam turbine or a gas expander. It can
shaft, the shaft sets the speed of the expander via a mechanical
tream.
eader is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single MergedFeed to Flow Device.
D for the separation and stream ed to various ports based on the
product phase speci

arameters
base

T
be standalone or power derived, in which case, it can be used to drive a shaft, compressor, or a
pump. When connected to the
s

H

rum is used phase s are connect
fications.
P

eters a Static Param
rameter UOM
to Dat
Pa Description
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m
3
) Volumetric Flow

Description Parameter UOM
FI kg-mol/sec Inlet flow
Power KJ/sec Power generated
Q m /sec Volumetric flow
3
Speed rpm Expander speed

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models:
he Expander unit models a single-stage isentropic expansion with a single feed and a single
The e r head
spe c arameters
or a r

he following assumptions and restrictions apply to the expander model:
eams.
esented as a single-phase vapor stream model, requiring the vapor entropy
addition to the basic stream variables. The product stream is also a vapor stream. The
nal stream to perform the isentropic calculations.


T
product stream.

op rating specifications for Expander unit include various pressure, work o
cifi ations and the Expander efficiency. You can supply a specific value for these p
pe formance curve.
T

The Expander model is restricted to one feed and one product stream.
You must add a Mixer before the unit to accommodate multiple feed str
ROMeo does not allow the specification of the outlet temperature as an alternative to an
expander efficiency specification.

The feed stream is repr
in
Expander model adds an inter
SIM4ME 64
The Expander model checks the feed stream phase at cross-check time and generates a warning if
the d
the prod a flash calculation is performed. If a liquid phase is detected in the product, a
war g

he user input is as follows:
The first specification is a outlet pressure, pressure drop or pressure ratio work, or head
iency of the expander.
Component slate and thermodynamic method for the unit (required).
s
e Pro/II param describe
meter det eeded i
fee stream has not been set to single-phase vapor. Similarly, when output is requested for
uct stream,
nin is generated.
T

condition.
The second operating specification is the effic

Parameter

of th Some eters, as d in Pro/II section will be used. Following additional
parameters/para ails are n n ROMeo:

MoleFrac fraction Mole fraction [Comp] of stream
PhaseFrac fraction Phase fraction [Vapor] of stream
Enth kJ/kg Enthalpy
SumMoleFrac fraction Sum of mole fractions
VolFlowPerRPM
3
cond per rotation m /sec/rpm Volumetric flow per se
Efficiency percent Adiabatic efficiency of expander
Currenteff percent Current Efficiency.
BaselineEff percent Base line efficiency, as the case may be.
EffOffsetFromBaseline percent Difference between the baseline and adiabatic
efficiency.
RefSpeedRatio Dimensionless Reference speed ratio
Speed rps Rotation per second.
RefSpeed rps Rotation per second.
PowerEconManager Currency/sec Cost of utility

Note: For Isentropic Stream parameters, refer to Stream parameters

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Expander


The HYSYS Expander is a flow device that is used to model a steam turbine or a gas expander.
It can be connected to an Energy Stream that defines the Expander duty. Outlet pressure or
pressure drop across the Expander can be specified. Since HYSYS uses the same model for its
steady-state and dynamic state, it supports multiple-curves at different speeds. It also interpolates
between the speeds to calculate the head and efficiency at a given operating speed if different
from the curve reference speed.

SIM4ME 65

Parameters

Expander Parameter UOM Description
AdiabaticEfficiency

The Adiabatic or Polytropic efficiency of the
Expander.
UseAdiabaticEfficiencySpec

UsePolytropicEfficiencySpec

Based on which of these flags is ON, the
above parameter, AdiabaticEfficiency holds
the value of Adiabatic efficiency or the
Polytropic Efficiency
DeltaP

kPa The pressure drop across the Expander
UseDutySpec
UseDeltaPSpec
UseHeadSpec
UseCapacitySpec

These flags indicate which of the following
specs is specified in Hysys Expander:
duty/DeltaP/Head/Capacity.
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.TaggedName

String
Array of the names of Feed Streams attached to
the Expander
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.TaggedNa
me

String
Array of the names of Product Streams attached
to the Expander
EnergyStream ALIAS
String
Name of the Energy stream attached to the
Expander
IsCurve ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.CompE
xpCurvesEnabled

Flag specifies if a Head Vs Curve is active in
Hysys.
EfficiencyType ALIAS
xpCurveEfficiencyType
String
This indicates what type of efficiency type
(adiabatic or Polytropic) has been specified in
the Curves.
CurveDataPointNumber This is the Curve Point number
CurveNumber ALIAS
xpCurve.Number

Array of Curve numbers. If there are three
curves defined, this has the three numbers 1,2,3.
CurveName ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com
pExpCurve.CompExpCurve
Name

String
Array of names of the Curves like: Curve-at-
3600 etc.
CurveSpeed ALIAS
pExpCurve.Speed

RPM
Array of the Reference speeds at which the
Curve data has been supplied.
CurveHeadUnits ALIAS
pExpCurve.HeadUnits
Array of the UOM for Head in the curve
SIM4ME 66
Expander Parameter UOM Description
CurveFlowUnits ALIAS
pExpCurve.FlowUnits

Array of the UOM for Flow in the curve
IsCurveActive ALIAS
pExpCurve.CurveActive

This Flag indicates if a supplied Head-Flow
curve is active or inactive.
CurveDataPointFlow ALIAS
pExpCurve.CurveDataPoint.
Flow

This array stores all the Flow data for all the
supplied data points.
CurveDataPointHead ALIAS
Head

This array stores all the Head data for all the
CurveDataPointEff ALIAS
Efficiency

This array stores all the Head data for all the
FluidPkg ALIAS
FluidPackage.FluidPackage
Stores the Fluid package associated with.

Common Data Base Structure - Expander

Parameters

NumOfFeeds Number of feeds to expander
NumOfProds Number of products from expander
FeedStreams Array containing IDs of Feed streams
ProdStreams Array containing IDs of Product streams
PressureOutlet kPa Outlet pressure of Expander
PressureRatio Ratio of outlet to inlet pressure across expander
PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across Expander
Efficiency percent Actual Efficiency
Power kW Theoretical work developed by Expander
Temperature K Expander exit temperature
VolFlow m3/sec Volumetric flow across Expander
Head kJ/kg Actual Head
Pressure kPa Inlet Pressure
VolFlowPerRPM m
3
/sec/rpm Volumetric Flow per RPM
LowPDFlag Flag to check Low Pressure drop across expander
TwoPhaseFlagFeed
Flag to check presence of two-phase in Expander
feed since ROMeo Expander cannot take liquid in
SIM4ME 67

feed.
SpecFlag
Flag to map PRO-II Expander specification to
corresponding ones in the destination product
COMPSLATE Component Slate used in PRO-II
MethodSlate Method Slate used in PRO-II
FlowConductance For Flow Conductance in DynSim
EfficiencySelection For Efficiency Selection in ROMeo.
MolarFlow kg-mol/sec Molar flow across the Expander.
ProductStoreData

ISENSTREAM
VARIABLES:

IsenStrmID Stream ID of the Isenstream.
NumComps
IsenMolarFlow Isentropic stream molar flow
IsenSpecificEnthalpy Isentropic stream Specific enthalpy
IsenTemperature Isentropic stream Temperature
IsenPressure Isentropic stream Pressure
IsenVaporFraction Isentropic stream vapor fraction
IsenLiquidFraction Isentropic stream liquid fraction
IsenLiquid2Fraction Isentropic stream water fraction
IsenMW Isentropic stream molecular weight
IsenMolarDensity Isentropic stream molar density
IsenSpecificEntropy Isentropic stream specific entropy
IsenCompMoleFraction Isentropic stream component mole fraction

The merged feed stream is used to update the properties (states.dat) of the upstream Header
incase there is more than one feed stream to the PROII Expander.

The merged product stream is used to initialize the exit flash (states.dat) of the Expander.

The feed adiabatic flash stream is used to initialize the feed flash (states.dat) of the Expander.

The feed isentropic stream is used to initialize the isentropic flash (states.dat) of the Expander.


Expander Sizing

The expander flow conductance is calculated as follows:

Mw MergedFeed
Density MergedFeed P
Flow MergedFeed J
.
.
.

=

SIM4ME 68
Validate Feeds

When there are multiple inputs to the PROII Expander is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the expander. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles and
individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:

] [ . ] [
.
. / .
i action CompMoleFr MergedFeed MT i tate CompMolesS
y BulkDensit MergedFeed Volume TotalMoles
y BulkDensit MergedFeed Flow TotalMolar MergedFeed Time Residence Volume
=
=
=

Validate Products

When there is more than one product stream from the Expander, a Drum is inserted at the
downstream to account for phase separation.

Molar Density

The molar density of the stream in TL Layer is calculated as follows:

BulkMw y BulkDensit ty MolarDensi / =


When TLHeader is translated to DSHeader additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader Area and Mm (MetalMass) are calculated as
follows:

) / 7760 (
.
/
/
4
3
3
m kg Density
ty MolarDensi MergedFeed Height Thickness Diameter Mm
Height Diameter Area
Diameter Ratio D H Height
Ratio D H
Volume
Diameter
=
=
=
=


Only one calculation is needed to calculate VolFlowPerRPM:

VolFlowPerRPM = VolFlowVapInlet / Speed

where:
VolFlowVapInlet = Volumetric Flowrate, m
3
/sec,
Speed = rotations per second, rps,
VolFlowPerRPM = Volumetric Flowrate per Rotation, m
3
/sec/rps.

SIM4ME 69

Fired Heater

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of translation of the PRO/II User added
module to the ROMeo Unit Ops. Currently Fired Heater UAM is translated into ROMeo Firebox.

Base Pro II Model


PRO/II User added modules are custom built module and designed for unit operation or unit
process. Fired Heater is a user added module and it raises the temperature of fluid on one side by
burning fuel on the other side. The Fired Heater model acts as a combustion reactor and heat
exchanger.

The Fired Heater unit operation has two sections as in heat exchanger. In the Process Side,
process fluid to be heated is sent to tube side and comes out of the exit. In the Combustion Side,
one or more streams comprising of Fuel and Air are sent in and one exit for FLUE gas; where a
combustion reactor is modeled. Only Heat transfer occurs across the two sides. No mass transfer
occurs across the two sides. Feeds to the Fired Heater unit operation can be to either of these two
sides.

There will be one or more hydrocarbon (fuel) and air/Oxygen streams feeding the unit operation.
These streams will be burned to produce a single product stream on the combustion side.

Units of Measure

Internal Units of Measure for the ROMeo are mostly in SI units and the deviations are consistent
across PRO II and Dynsim

Parameters

Valve Parameter UOM Description
CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently
CurrentProducts
The number of product streams
currently attached to the unit
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all of
the feed streams. FeedData does not
contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition
of the individual streams, only the ID
of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block
which contains a complete description
of the stream
ProductData
the product streams. See FeedData
IuParName
Vector of parameter names of User
Added Module
SIM4ME 70
RparmDataCalc
Vector of calculated values of
parameters, defined under IuParName.
RparmDataIn
Vector of user specified values of
parameters, defined under IuParName.
IuAccUAType
User added Module type
e.g.FURNACE. Used for mapping
in TL to Destination holder mapper.
MergedFeed
The stream ID of the merged feed
stream. This is an internal Feed
stream.
MergedProduct
The stream ID of the merged product
stream. This is an internal product
stream that is used to set the
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and
composition of all product streams

Equivalent ROMeo Model: Firebox


The Firebox unit acts as a combination Reactor model and Simple Heat Exchanger model. The
fuel on the combustion side reacts with air, releasing heat that is radiated to an array of tubes
carrying the process stream.

For modeling purposes, the Firebox is divided into three segments the combustion side, the
process side, and the firebox model providing the equations that connect the two sides.
The tubeskin temperature is predicted from heat balances around the reactor/heat transfer system,
from radiative heat transfer equations from the radiating gas to the tube, and from regular heat
transfer equations from the surface of the tube to the process stream within the tube.

Parameters

~CombustionCOMP
SLATE

Combustion side component slate. New comp slate will be
created in ROMeo Simulation with this name. CO2, N2, O2,
SO2 and H2O are components of this slate.
~ProcessCOMPSLA
TE
Process side component slate.
~ProcessMethodSlat
e
Process side method slate.
~CombustionMethod
Slate
Combustion side method slate.
SpecMaxTubeskinTe
mp
TubeSkin specification.
v_AtmosphericTemp K Ambient temperature.
v_AvgTubeskinTem
p
K Average Tubeskin temperature.
v_GasTubeHeatTran Kj/Sec/K Gas to Tube heat transfer coefficient.
SIM4ME 71

sCoef
v_GasWallHeatTran
sCoef
Kj/Sec/K Gas to Wall heat transfer coefficient.
v_MaxTubeskinTem
p
K Maximum tubeskin temperature
v_PctWallLoss % Percent of heat loss to ambient.
v_ProcessDuty Kj/Sec Process side duty.
v_RadGasCorrConst Radiant Gas correction factor.
v_TempRatio Temperature Ratio.
v_TubeskinDeltaTe
mp
K Tubeskin delta temperature.
v_TubeProcHeatTra
nsCoef
Kj/Sec/K Tube to process heat transfer coefficient.
v_WallHeatLoss Kj/Sec Heat loss through wall.
v_WallAtmHeatTran
sCoef
Kj/Sec/K Wall to atmosphere heat transfer coefficient.
v_WallTemp K Wall temperature.
v_BridgewallTemp K Bridgewall Temperature.
v_ProcessOutTemp K Process Outlet temperature
ProcSide.v_PresDrop kPa Process Side pressure drop.
SpecGasTube Gas to tube heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecTubeProc Tube to process heat transfer coefficient specification
SpecAvgTubeTemp Average tube temperature specification.
SpecProcessTemp Process outlet temperature specification.
SpecProcessDuty Process side duty specification.
SpecGasWall Gas to wall heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecWallAtm Wall to ambient heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecWallTemp Wall temperature specification.
SpecWallLoss Wall heat loss specification.
SpecPctLoss Percent loss specification.
SpecBridgeTemp Bridge Temperature specification.
ProcSide.PresChoice
Pressure Drop choice, 0 = outlet pressure, 1 = pressure drop,
2 = co-relation.

Common Data Base Structure - UaUOP

Parameters

Pro/II Valve
Parameters TL Parameter
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds
MergedProduct
MergedFeed
FeedData FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams
SIM4ME 72

To keep TL persistent to all user added module, while going from P2 to TL layer, the parameter
vector and calculated value and input value are expanded and assigned to individual parameter.
Hence, each parameter is post-fixed as Calc and In. So XXXCalc is calculated value for
parameter XXX and XXXIn is user Specified value for that variable. The XXXIn values are used
to map specification in destination application.


There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from PRO/II to TL layer mapping.





SIM4ME 73

Flash
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of translation of the PRO/II Flash unit
operation to an equivalent Dynsim and ROMeo unit operations and a HYSYS Separator/3-
PhaseSeparator/Tank to a PRO/II Flash unit operation.
Water Dew Point Flash - Either pressure or temperature (first specification) and the water dew
point (second specification).

Base PRO/II Model


The Flash unit operation calculates the thermodynamic state of any stream when two
specifications (e.g. temperature and pressure) are given. Once the phase equilibrium is
determined, the phases may be separated into distinct product streams. The duty required to
achieve this state is reported for all Flash Types, except adiabatic flash.

Flash does the following phase calculations:

(a) VLE Calculations: Two phase calculations containing one vapor and one liquid phase
(b) VLLE Calculations: Three phase calculations containing one vapor and two liquid phases.
(c) Electrolytic Calculations: Calculating the equilibrium for aqueous systems.

A flash calculation type is selected based on your choice for the first and second specifications of
the Flash and various Flash configurations that can configure were

Adiabatic Flash - Pressure (first specification) and duty (second specification).

Isothermal Flash - Temperature and Pressure (one of them for the first specification and the
other for second specification).

General Dew Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and dew point
(second specification).

Hydrocarbon Dew Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and the
hydrocarbon dew point (second specification).

Bubble Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification), and Bubble point
(second specification)

Isentropic Flash Either Temperature or Pressure (first specification) and isentropic process
(second specification)

Stream specification Flash- Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and supply a
value for a Generalized Performance Specification for the product stream (second specification)

Entrainment: One can specify the extent of entrainment, if any, from one phase to another in the
flash unit. Entrainment calculations are done after the original flash calculations are completed.
The final product streams after the entrainment calculations may be different from the flash
specifications.
SIM4ME 74
Parameters

CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached to the
unit
CurrentProducts
unit
MergedFeed
The stream ID of the merged Feed stream. This is an
internal Feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
MergedProduct
The stream ID of the merged product stream. This is an
internal product stream that is used to set the
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all
product streams
FeedData
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can
be used to retrieve the stream data block which contains
a complete description of the stream
ProductData
See FeedData
ProductStoreData
A vector containing the phase information of all the
product streams.
TempCalc K
This is the temperature of the Flash product streams and
should be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct
stream temperatures available to other units through the
spec/vary/define subsystem. The value is set during the
PRO/II flow sheet solve
PressCalc kPa
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be
identical to the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It
may be different from the PressIn parameter, which is
set by the user and is not changed by the unit
calculations. PressCalc should be assumed to be a
correct and consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
PressDropCalc kPa
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the
Flash. See TempCalc and PressCalc
DutyCalc KJ/sec
This is the calculated value of Duty in the Flash to
satisfy the specifications.
DutyIn KJ/sec User specified duty.
PresTempFlag
Flag specifying whether pressure or temperature or both
are specified.
PresDPFlag
Flag specifying whether pressure or pressure drop is
specified.
Type Flag indicating kind of flash specification.
EntrainmentCount Number of entrainments specified.
EntrType Type of entrainment specifications: Rate, Fraction or
SIM4ME 75

Percent.
EntrFromPhase Phase from which moles are transferred.
EntrToPhase Phase to which moles are transferred
EntrMolarRates kg-mol/sec Molar rates of entrainment
EntrValuesCalc Various
Values of entrainment caculated in terms of input
specifications (Rate, Fraction or Percent).

PRO/II
MergedFeedStream
UOM Description
TotalComposition
fraction The bulk composition of the product streams.
VaporComposition, LiquidCompostion and
SolidComposition give other compositions. If two liquid
phases exist, Liquid Composition is the bulk composition
of the liquid phase. Otherwise, it is simply the
composition of the liquid
TotalMolarEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol Total Enthalpy
VaporFraction fraction Vapor fraction
LiquidFraction fraction Liquid1 fraction
WaterFraction fraction Decant water fraction
SolidFraction fraction
The fraction of solids in the stream. If it has a positive
non-zero value, solids are present. This should be flagged
as an error condition.
BulkMwOfPhase Bulk Molecular weight
BulkDensityAct kg-mol/m
3
Bulk molar density

PRO/II Feed Stream UOM Description
TotalMolarRate Total molar flow rate kg-mol/sec

The Drum is a pressure node object that can be used as two or three phase separation vessel.
Drum includes a single holdup volume such that the vapor and liquid are always in thermal and
vapor/liquid or vapor/liquid/liquid equilibrium. Since the Drum is a single holdup model, all
outlet streams will be at the same temperature.

The Drum uses compressible holdup dynamics and automatically switches to incompressible
holdup if it is liquid filled. The Drum accounts for heat transfer from fluid to the metal and metal
to surroundings, permits heat transfer from external sources directly to the metal and/or fluid
through heat streams.

The iterated and explicit solution options are available for pressure calculations. The iterated
solution option is used for small volume compressible systems, and the explicit solution option is
used for large volume compressible systems.

SIM4ME 76
Assumptions in Drum Sizing

The Drum in DynSim is sized based on following assumptions:

Residence time for the liquid is 5 minutes and for vapor is 5 seconds.
If there is both vapor and liquid present, assume 50% liquid, 50% vapor.
Otherwise, 100% liquid or 100% vapor.
Aspect ratio is 4.0.
Minimum Diameter of drum is 0.5 meter.
Boot will be added if there is a liquid2 stream even with zero flow.
Aspect ratio for boot is 4.0. Minimum Diameter of boot is 0.15*Diameter of main
section.
Actual volume of boot will be 1.05 * (liquid2 holdup).

Parameters

Orientation Orientation of the drum
Diameter m Drum diameter
Length m Drum surface Length
Thickness m Drum metal Thickness
Boot Diameter m Diameter of the boot that is used to withdraw second liquid
Boot Length m Length/Height of the boot that is used to withdraw second
liquid

Z [0]...........Z [i]
FLASH.Z
[0]...FLASH.Z [i]
H & FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
P & FLASH.P kPa Pressure
T & FLASH.T K Temperature
FLASH.R kg-mol/m
3
Molar Density



ROMeo flash model is similar to PRO/II model. It calculates the phase separation based on two
user specified specifications. Allowed specifications are: Pressure or Pressure Drop, Temperature,
Duty, Adiabatic, Dew Point, Bubble Point and Vapor Fraction. One can also specify the extent of
entrainment from one phase to another in the flash unit. Entrainment calculations are done after
SIM4ME 77

the original flash calculations are completed. The final product streams after the entrainment
calculations may be different from the flash specifications.

Parameters and Variables

Flash Parameter UOM Description
~FeedStreams
streams. FeedData does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or composition of
the individual streams, only the ID of the stream. In
PRO/II the ID can be used to retrieve the stream data
block which contains a complete description of the
stream
~ProdStreams
~FeedPorts A vector containing the name of Feed ports.
~ProdPorts A vector containing the name of Product ports.
IntStr.v_Prop

A vector containing properties. At present, it
contains only molar enthalpy.
~Props
Set over which IntStr.v_Prop
is defined.
IntStr.v_Flow
A vector containing flows in various units.
Currently, it contains value for only Molar flow.
~Flows
Set over which IntStr.v_Flow
is defined.
Spec1 Stores the first specification
Spec2 Stores the second specification
PresDropName
Name of the stream with respect to which pressure
drop is specified.
v_PresDropt kPa
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across
the Flash.
IntMix.v_PresDrops kPa
Vector containing pressure drop for each of the feed
stream.
IntMix.v_Pres,
IntStr.v_Pres
kPa Calculated Pressure
IntMix.v_Duty KJ/sec
This is the calculated value of Duty in the Flash to
satisfy the specifications.
IntStr.v_Temp K Calculated temperature
IntStr.v_MoleFrac fraction Overall composition of the flash product
IntStr.v_PhaseFrac fraction Vector containing phase fractions
IntStr.Equil.PhasePresence
Vector containing information regarding presence or
absence of phase.
IntStr.Vap.v_MoleFrac fraction Vapor composition
IntStr.Liq.v_MoleFrac fraction Liquid composition
IntSplit.UseEntrain Entrainment flag
IntSplit.EntrainFrom Phase from which moles are transferred.
IntSplit.EntrainTo Phase to which moles are transferred
IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac fraction Entrainment fractions
SIM4ME 78
Flash Parameter UOM Description
IntSplit.AASET_Entrains
Set over which IntSplit.EntrainFrom,
IntSplit.EntrainTo and IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
are defined.

Equivalent HYSYS Model Separator / 3-Phase Separator / Tank


HYSYS for separation operations has a 2- Phase Separator (Separator), a 3-Phase Separator
and a Tank model. These models have process feed and product streams, and a heat stream
connected to the energy port.

The Separator and the Tank are translated as Flash unit operation with a two-phase separation in
PRO/II, whereas a 3-Phase Separator is translated as Flash with either a two-phase or a three-
phase separation in PRO/II.

The Separator and 3-Phase Separator can be specified in number of ways viz. Duty, Product
Temperature, etc. If Separator and 3-Phase Separator are specified with specification other than
Duty then it is mapped to the product temperature of the Flash unit operation of PRO/II.

Parameters

DutyType LONG Duty type as Yes/No
HeatFlow FLOAT Heat through energy stream
VesselPressureSpec LONG Vessel Pressure
DeltaP FLOAT Pressure Drop
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.TaggedNa
me
StringArray Feed Streams
VapourProduct ALIAS
String Name of the Vapor Product

LiquidProduct ALIAS
String Name of the Liquid Product
EnergyStreams ALIAS
String Name of the Energy Stream
STRING:HeavyProduct ALIAS
HeavyProduct.TaggedName
String For 3-Phase Separator: Value of
Heavy Product.
EntrainmentStatus ALIAS
COverCalc.CarryOverModel
FLOAT Check to See Entrainemt
EntrainmentLG ALIAS
COverCalc.COverSetupData.LgtI
nGas.ProductFractionSpec.Value
FLOAT Liquid in Gas
EntrainmentHG ALIAS
COverCalc.COverSetupData.Hvy
InGas.ProductFractionSpec.Value
FLOAT Heavy in Gas
EntrainmentGL ALIAS FLOAT Gas In Liquid Variable
SIM4ME 79

COverCalc.COverSetupData.GasI
nLgt.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentHL ALIAS
COverCalc.COverSetupData.Hvy
InLgt.ProductFractionSpec.Value
FLOAT Heavy in Liquid Variable
EntrainmentGH ALIAS
COverCalc.COverSetupData.GasI
nHvy.ProductFractionSpec.Value
FLOAT Gas in Heavy Variable
EntrainmentLH ALIAS
COverCalc.COverSetupData.LgtI
nHvy.ProductFractionSpec.Value
FLOAT Liquid in Heavy Variable

Common Data Base Structure Flash

Units of Measure


Parameters
DynSim
Parameters

ProII Flash Parameters TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
MergedProduct MergedProd
FeedData OFeedStream FeedStreams ~FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams OProdStream ~ProdStreams
TempCalc Temparature T IntStr.v_Temp
PressCalc Pressure
IntMix.v_Pres,
IntStr.v_Pres
P
PressDropCalc PressDrop v_PresDropt
DIA DIA
LEN LEN

DIABOOT
LENBOOT
DIABOOT
LENBOOT

DutyCalc QIMP QIMP IntMix.v_Duty
DutyIn SpecifiedDuty Spec2
Type FlashType Spec1, Spec2
PresDPFlag PresDPFlag Spec1, Spec2
PresTempFlag PresTempFlag Spec1, Spec2
EntrainmentCount EntrainmentCount
EntrType EntrType IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
EntrFromPhase EntrFromPhase IntSplit.EntrainFrom
EntrToPhase EntrToPhase IntSplit.EntrainTo
EntrMolarRates EntrMolarRates
EntrValuesCalc EntrValues IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
EntrainmentFlag IntSplit.UseEntrain
SIM4ME 80

PROII
MergedProductStream in
TL Parameter
DynSim
Parameters
ROMeo Parameters
TotalComposition OverallComp Z
IntStr.v_MoleFrac
LiquidComposition LiquidComposition
Liq.v_MoleFrac
VaporComposition VaporComposition
Vap.v_MoleFrac
TotalMolarEnthalpy OverallEnth H IntStr.v_Prop[0]
VaporFraction VaporFraction VF IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
LiquidFraction LiquidFraction LF IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
WaterFraction WaterFraction LF2 IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
BulkMW

TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
MW MW
BulkDensity R R
PROII Feed Stream
DynSim
Parameters
TotalMolarRate MolarFlow FI/FX
IntStr.v_Flow[0]

PROII Product Stream TL Parameter
Dynsim
Parameters
ROMeo Parameters
TotalMolarRate MolarFlow FI/FX


The Flash in PROII is translated to Drum in TLLayer. Volume, total moles and individual
component moles characterize the TLDrum. These parameters are calculated as follows:

Drum Sizing is done as follows

Diameter calculation:

Volume and Height Calculation:

SIM4ME 81

Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to Dynsim Layer

When TLDrum is translated to DS Drum additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated.
SIM4ME 82
Gibbs Reactor

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS Gibbs Reactor
translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support Gibbs reactors.

Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes such
as overriding the Reaction data are currently not translated.

Base PRO/II Model


The Gibbs reactor module simulates a single-phase or multi-phase reactor by solving the heat and
material balances using minimization of Gibbs free energy. The module may operate in adiabatic
mode with or without specifying heat duty, or in isothermal mode with either a specified
temperature or the feed temperature.

Parameters


Unit Class: [Gibbs]
CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
OperFlagCalc

2 "Adiabatic"
RXNPhaseFlagCalc

Reactor Phase flag! Note "3" is not used
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
3 "Vapor-Liquid"
4 "Liquid-Liquid"
5 "Vapor-Liquid-Liquid"
6 "Calculated"
SIM4ME 83

PressDropFlag

1=PRESSURE;
2=DELTA P;
NumRxn Number of stoichiometric reactions
ProdEstimFlagCalc

Product estimate flag (input)
0 "PROII default"
1 "Weight Average"
2 "User Estimate"
ThermoUpdateFgCalc

Physical property update flag
0 "Use Properties from Previous Iteration"
1 "Update Properties at Each Calulation Step"
MaxIterCalc Maximum iterations allowed
StartTrialCalc Iteration number before start phase
TrialFreqCalc Frequency of phase split trial
RxnSetNumber Reaction set ID
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
OutPressCalc kPa outlet pressure
OutTempCalc K outlet temperature
MaxTempIn K Adiabatic Tmax
MinTempIn K Adiabatic Tmin
GuessPhaseCalc

1 "Vapor"
3 "Vapor-Liquid"
5 "Vapor-Liquid-Liquid"
Guessed phase when PHASE is unknown
2 "Liquid"
4 "Liquid-Liquid"
NumOfRxnComp Number of components
NumOfRxnExtent Number of reactions with EXTENT
RxnExtentCompIn

Component ID for reaction EXTENT
specification
RxnExtentBasisIn

Unit type for reaction EXTENT
0 "Weight"
1 "Mole"
GlobalTempApprCalc K Global temperature APPROACH
ConvergeTolerCalc Convergence tolerance
FibboTolerCalc Convergence tolerance for Fibonacci
DropPhaseCalc Elimination criterion of a fluid phase

Fixed Component Parameters
NumFixedMass No. of comps with fixed rates
FixMassCompIn

Fixed-amount component ID (input)

FixedMassUnitCalc

Unit flag for fixed-amount components
-1 "Percent"
0 "Weight"
1 "Mole"
SIM4ME 84

Parameters

Unit Class: [GibbsReactorOpObject]
FeedStreams ALIAS
hmentName
VapourProd ALIAS
Name
Vapour product stream name
LiquidProd ALIAS
Name
Liquid product stream name
Energy ALIAS
Name
Energy stream name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType

Dummy Parameters

FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existant - come through as RMISS

FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existant - come through as RMISS

SIM4ME 85

Parameters
UOM

Class Name: [Gibbs]
Parameter Description
RxOperType
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase

Reactor Phase flag
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
AdiaTmaxIn K Adiabatic Tmax
AdiaTminIn K Adiabatic Tmin
GlobalTempApprCalc K Global temperature APPROACH
ConvergeTolerCalc Convergence tolerance
FibboTolerCalc Convergence tolerance for Fibonacci
DropPhaseCalc Elimination criterion of a fluid phase
SIM4ME 86
LNG Exchanger

UOM
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS LNG Exchanger
translation to a PRO/II LNG Exchanger.
Base PRO/II Model LNG Exchanger


LNG exchangers are multi-stream exchangers and these can exchange heat between any number
of hot and cold streams. These exchangers are used in cryogenic applications where obtaining a
close temperature approach is required. The internal units of measure for PRO/II are mostly in SI
units.

Parameters

Valve Parameter Description
FeedData None
the feed streams. FeedData does not
contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition
of the individual streams, only the ID
of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block
which contains a complete description
of the stream.
ProductData None
the product streams. See FeedData
TempspecValues K
This is an array of specified outlet
temperature for each stream.
PressureDrops kPa
This is an array of pressure drop in
across each stream.
NumSpecValues
This integer indicates the spec
provided by user. For pressure spec its
value is 0 and for pressure drop spec
its value is 1.
MethodData Thermodynamic method used to solve.

Equivalent Hysys Model LNG Exchanger

LNG Exchanger can be configured in HYSYS by defining following parameters:

Define a stream as hot stream or cold stream
Define pressure drop for each stream
Defining the specifications from among a choice of parameters such as UA, duty,
LMTD, DeltaT, heat balance, heat leak/ heat loss such that the degree of freedom is
zero.
SIM4ME 87

Parameters

FluidPkg STRING Fluid Package
Selection INTARRAY Selecting a Hot or Cold stream
PressureDrops FLOATARRAY Array of pressure drops in the streams


TL LNGHX
Parameter
ProII LNGHX
Parameters
HYSYS LNGHX Parameters
FeedData FeedStreams ALIAS x_LNGSides.FeedStream.TaggedName
ProductData ProdStreams ALIAS x_LNGSides.ProductStream.TaggedName
NumSpecValues ProdStreams.size
TempspecValues TempspecValues ProdStreams[].Temperature
PressureDrops PressureDrops ALIAS x_LNGSides.PressureDrop
HotOrColdSide HotOrColdSide ALIAS x_LNGSides.Selection
SIM4ME 88
Mixer
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Mixer translation to the
Dynsim Header and ROMeo Mixer and the HYSYS Mixer to a PRO/II Mixer.
Base PRO/II Model

An adiabatic flash is performed to determine the outlet temperature and product phases at the
specified pressure condition.


Mixer combines two or more feed streams into a single product stream with mixed properties.
The mixer unit determines the product phases but cannot split them into different streams.

Parameters

MergedProduct
internal product stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams
FeedData
ProductData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams. See
FeedData
TempCalc K
This is the temperature of the mixer product streams and
stream. PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
temperatures available to other units through the
PressCalc kPa
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be identical to
the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It may be different
from the PressIn parameter, which is set by the user and is not
changed by the unit calculations. The PressCalc value is
assumed correct and consistent. PressIn should not be used.
PressDropCalc kPa
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the mixer.
See TempCalc and PressCalc
DummyI1

A flag which has a value 0 if pressure specification is
provided and a value 1 if pressure drop specification is
provided

SIM4ME 89

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header


The Header is a pressure node that can be used to model flow mixing, flow splitting, and piping
holdup dynamics.

Header includes both COMPRESSIBLE and INCOMPRESSIBLE options for holdup dynamics.
The INCOMPRESSIBLE dynamics option is the default and can be used for either vapor, liquid
or two-phase fluids.

solution option is used for INCOMPRESSIBLE and small volume COMPRESSIBLE systems.
The explicit solution option is used for large volume compressible systems and for decoupling
large incompressible pressure flow networks.

Parameters
UOM

Vol m
3
Header volume
Area m
2
Header surface area
Mm kg Header metal mass
Uf kW/m
2
-K Forced convection heat transfer coefficient
Ul kW/m
2
-K Ambient heat loss heat transfer coefficient
Un kW/m
2
-K Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
Dia m Header diameter
Len m Header length

Z [0]...........Z [i]

H Enthalpy kJ/kg-mol
P kPa Pressure
UT kJ Total internal energy state
MT mol Total moles
M[0] M[i] mol Moles of individual components
Qf kJ/sec Heat transferred from fluid to metal
Ql kJ/sec Heat transferred from metal to surroundings
Qimp kJ/sec Imposed heat
Tm K Metal temperature

SIM4ME 90
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Mixer

UOM

The Mixer unit operation models the adiabatic mixing of two or more feed streams.
The Mixer model is independent of the number of phases in the feed streams and is used with
VLE or VLLE systems. The Mixer model allows multiple feed streams but is restricted to a
single product stream.

The user input for the Mixer is as follows:
Pressure of the product stream, or

Pressure drop in the unit with respect to a specified feed stream.
A component slate and thermodynamic method for the unit.

The expected phases in the product stream.
Parameters

v_Pres kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the mixer
v_PresDrops kPa Pressure drop in product stream with respect to a feed stream
PresChoice
Integer for choice of providing specification. The value is 0
if user enters Pres and 1 if user enters Pressure Drop
NegativeDPAction
String Parameter to provide Warning/Info/Error for negative
DP; Default: Warning

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Mixer

The Mixer operation mixes two or more streams to produce a product stream. It also performs a
heat and mass balance. If composition, pressure and temperature of all the inlet streams are
known, the mixer calculates pressure, temperature and the composition of the outlet stream.

Mixer can also back calculate unknown temperature of one inlet stream, if the outlet stream is
completely defined and pressures of all the inlet streams are known.

Iterative and Explicit solution options are available for pressure calculations. The Iterated
The Explicit solution option is used for large volume COMPRESSIBLE systems and also for
decoupling large INCOMPRESSIBLE pressure flow networks.
SIM4ME 91

Parameters

Parameter Type of object Description
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.A
ttachmentName
STRINGARRAY Stream array containing information of the
feed stream (name, stream number etc.).
FeedStream does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or
composition of the individual streams.
Productstream
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Attach
mentName
STRINGARRAY Stream containing information of the product
stream (name, stream number etc.)
FluidPkg ALIAS
FluidPackage.FluidPack
age
STRING MethodSlate/CompSlate
PresSpec ALIAS
PressureSpecification
2. Mixer calculates outlet pressure
equal to minimum of inlet stream
pressures.
LONG Pressure calculation option to decide if the
1. Mixer equalizes all inlet pressures if
one of the inlet stream pressures is
specified.

Common Data Base Structure Mixer

Units of Measure

Parameters

NumOfFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
NumOfProds The number of product streams currently attached to the unit.
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams.
Temparature K Temperature
Pressure kPa Pressure
SpecFlag Specification flag
TotalMoles mol Total moles
CompMolesState mol Moles of individual components
Volume m
3
Volume of Mixer


The Mixer in PROII is translated to Header in TLLayer. The TL Header is characterized by
volume, total moles, and individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as
follows:
SIM4ME 92

] [ . ] [
.
. / .
=
=
=


) / 7760 (
/
4
/
3
3
m kg Density
Density Height Thickness Diameter Mass Metal
Ratio D H
Volume
Diameter
Diameter Ratio D H Length
=
=
=
=
=



SIM4ME 93

Pipe

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Pipe translation to the
Dynsim and ROMeo Pipe and the HYSYS Pipe to a PRO/II Pipe.

Base PRO/II Model


The pipe unit operation calculates single (liquid or gas) or mixed phase pressure drops through
piping between unit operations. It can also determine the line size required for a given maximum
pressure drop or minimum outlet pressure.

igorous heat R transfer may be considered during the calculations, where heat may be added to the
gth (representing a furnace), or lost to the ambient surroundings, allowing the
f wn the pipe. By default, no heat transfer is considered in the
calculations.

Parameters
Parameter UOM
pipe over its len
luid to cool as it flows do

Description
CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
Since Pipe is a flow device in Dynsim with only one input
stream, a Header is added at the upstream if the value of
this parameter is >= 2
CurrentProducts
one unit. Since Pipe is a flow device in Dynsim with only
output stream, a Drum is added at the downstream, to
account for phase separation, if there is more than one
product stream.
MergedFeed
The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an
internal feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MergedProduct
FeedData
used to retrieve

the stream data block which contains a
ProductData
See FeedData
SIM4ME 94
ProductStoreData
A vector containing the product phases corresponding to
each of the product stream.
OutletTempCalc K

variable to make the product

g the
This is the temperature of the Pipe product streams and
stream. PRO/II uses this
spec/vary/define subsystem. The value is set durin
PRO/II flowsheet solve
OutletPressCalc kPa
e user and is not
be
nsistent value. PressOutletIn
This variable should be identical to the pressure of the
MergedProd stream. It may be different from the
PressOutletIn parameter, which is set by th
changed by the unit calculations. PressOutCalc should
assumed to be a correct and co
should not be used. See TempOutletCalc
TotalUnitDPCalc kPa
This is the pressure drop across the Pipe. It is used in
sizing of

the Pipe in Dynsim
LineInsideDiamCalc mm
Inside diameter of the pipe. It is used in Holdup, Surface
area of heat transfer and metal mass calculations in
Dynsim
LineLengthCalc m
t
metal mass calculations in Dynsim
Pipe line length. . It is used in Holdup, Surface area of hea
transfer and
HeatDutyCalc kJ
Calculated value of Heat Duty. In the case of Ambient heat
er transfer, it is used in determining the overall heat transf
coefficient
HeatTransfCoef kW/h.m
2
.K gs. Heat Transfer Coefficient between Pipe and surroundin
AmbientTemperature K
nt temperature used in the ambient heat transfer Ambie
calculations.
PipeCalcMode
n mode specified in PRO-II
2 Ambient Heat Transfer
pressure drop calculation.
Pro-II the products
It represents the calculatio
Pipe.
0 Fixed Duty
1 Isothermal Operation
3 Backward
It is used in mapping the specs from

PROII Stream UOM Description
BulkPres kPa Merged inlet feed stream pressure
BulkTemp K Merged inlet feed stream temperature
TotalComposition
postion and SolidComposition. If two liquid
fraction
The bulk composition of the feed streams. Other
compositions are given by VaporComposition,
LiquidCom
phases exist, LiquidComposition is the bulk composition of
ise, it is simply the composition o the liquid phase. Otherw f
the liquid
BulkEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol lpy Merged feed total entha
VaporFraction fraction Stream Vapor fraction
LiquidFraction Stream Liquid1 fraction fraction
WaterFraction fraction Stream Water fraction
SIM4ME 95

PROII Stream UOM Description
SolidFraction
has a positive non-zero value, solids
are present. This should be flagged as an error condition.
fraction
Stream Solids. If it
BulkMw Bulk Molecular weight
BulkDensity kg-mol/m Bulk molar density
3

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header Pipe - Drum
pe geometry. The Pipe also supports Sonic flow. It has
ptions to perform outlet flash and holdup calculations. It accounts for heat transfer from fluid to
be
onfigured through Heat Streams.
ll streams and sending a single MergedFeed to Flow Device.
r the phase separation and streams are connected to various ports based on the
roduct phase specifications.
s
ic Parameters to Data e
meter UOM


The Pipe model is a flow object that is used to model flow calculations in pipes. The flow
through a pipe is calculated by using flow conductivity equation. The flow conductance can be a
user input or calculated from the Pi
o
pipe and pipe to surroundings. Heat transfer from an external source to the fluid or metal can
c

Header is used for mixing up a

Drum is used fo
p

Parameter

Stat bas
Para Description
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m3) tivity Flow conduc
Vol m
3
Volume
Area m
2
Surface area of heat transfer
Mm kg Metal mass
HoldupFlag Holdup flag
Tamb K Ambient temperature
Ul kW/m
2
-K Loss heat transfer coefficient
Uf kW/m
2
-K
vection heat transfer
oefficient between the fluid
Forced con
c
flowing inside the Pipe and the
Pipe wall.

Un -K
vection heat transfer
flowing inside the Pipe and the
pipe wall.
kW/m
2
Natural con
coefficient between the fluid
QIMP kJ/sec Heat duty to or from the pipe.

SIM4ME 96
QF kJ/sec
Heat loss from fluid lowing
inside the pipe to the metal wall
QL kJ/sec
Heat loss from the metal wall to
the surroundings.
H kJ/kg-mol Specific enthalpy state
Z fraction Specific composition state
DH kJ/kg-mol/sec Specific enthalpy derivative
DTM K/sec Metal temperature derivative
DZ fraction/sec Specific composition derivative

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models Pipe


The ROMeo Simple Pipe unit operation models pressure drop through a pipe resulting from flow
or a change in elevation and heat loss to the surroundings. Pressure drop is calculated using either
an analytical equation or an empirical correlation. The model is simple (non-rigorous) in the
sense that temperature- and pressure-dependent changes in the physical properties of the fluid are
not considered in the calculations.

Parameters

HeatLossSpec Heat Loss specification in ROMeo like: Duty,
TempChange, Temp
Pres kPa Pipe Outlet Pressure
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop across pipe.
Duty kJ/sec Heat duty to or from Pipe
DeltaTemp K Temperature change across Pipe.
Temp K Pipe Outlet Temperature
PresM kPa Pipe Outlet pressure
dpm fraction Set to 1.0.
HeatLossSpecVar Points to the currently selected Heat Loss Specification
Variable
PresChoice Pressure specification in ROMeo:
0 - for Fixed Pressure
1 - for Pressure Drop.

SIM4ME 97

Equivalent HYSYS Model / Models Pipe


HYSYS Pipe Segment: The HYSYS Pipe Segment unit operation models pressure drop
through an entire pipeline with fittings, bends, swages and it can accommodate multiple
segments. Pressure changes through the pipeline due to elevation changes and heat loss to the
surroundings can be calculated. Pressure drop is calculated using empirical correlations available.
The model is rigorous because the temperature and pressure dependent physical properties of the
fluid are considered in the calculations.

HYSYS Gas Pipe: This is used specifically for compressible fluids. The correlation options
are Perfect Gas, Compressible Gas and User Data.

Since there are no equivalent for either Perfect Gas or Compressible Gas in PRO/II, these
correlations are mapped to the Beggs-Brill-Moody in PRO/II, as it has proved to be for single-
phase systems. PRO/II does not have an option to support User Data.

The heat transfer calculation option in HYSYS is: Ambient Heat Loss from given Ambient
Temperature and Heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer calculations are done in the same manner
in the translated PRO/II model.

Parameters

Parameter UOM Type Description
FeedStreams

StringArray Array of the names of Feed streams
attached to the pipe.
ProdStreams

StringArray Array of the names of Product streams
attached to the pipe.
HeatStream String Name of the Heat stream attached to
the Pipe.
PressGradCorrelationName

String Pressure drop correlation used in the
pipe calculations
SpecifyHTType

Flag that indicates the type of Heat
transfer calculation done by HYSYS
IsIgnored

Flag that indicates if the calculation on
Pipe unit was bypassed by HYSYS.
IncludeInsulation

Flag that indicates if insulation was
included in HYSYS heat transfer
calculations.
PressureDrop

kPa Float Pressure drop across the pipe
OverallAmbientTemp

C Float Overall Ambient Temperature across
all pipe segments
OverallHTCoeff

kW/m2C Float Overall heat transfer coefficient across
all the pipe segments
SegmentLength M Float Array This array stores the length of each
segment in the Pipe.
SegmentElev m Float Array This array stores the Elevation change
of each segment in the Pipe.
SIM4ME 98
SegmentID M Float Array This array stores the Internal Diameter
SegmentOD M Float Array This array stores the Outer Diameter of
each segment in the Pipe.
SegmentCells Float Array This array stores the Cells of each
segment in the Pipe. HYSYS performs
pressure calculations at each such cell.
SegmentPipeMatl String
Array
This array stores the Pipe Material of
SegmentSchedule String
Array
This array stores the Schedule Number
SegmentSegmentType Float Array This array stores the Type of each
segment in the Pipe. It could be
:Pipe, Swage or a Fitting.
SegmentRoughness m Float Array This array stores the Roughness of
SegmentWallK Float Array This array stores the thermal
conductivity of each segment in the
Pipe.
SegmentAmbientTemp C Float Array This array stores the Ambient Temp of
SegmentPipeHTC kW/m2.C Float Array This array stores the Heat Transfer
Coefficient of each segment in the
Pipe.
SegmentFittingID m Float Array This array stores the Fitting Inner
Diameter of each segment if it is
defined as a fitting.
SegmentFittingVHFactor Float Array This array stores the Fitting friction
factor of each segment if it is defined
as a fitting.
SegmentFittingFTFactor Float Array This array stores the Fitting friction
factor of each segment if it is defined
as a fitting.
SegmentNominalDiameter m Float Array This array stores the Nominal diameter
of each segment.
SegmentSwageID m Float Array This array stores the SwageID of each
segment.
FluidPkg

String The name of the Fluid package
associated witht the Pipe unit

SIM4ME 99

Common Data Base Structure Pipe

NumOfFeeds Number of Feed streams from Pipe
NumOfProds Number of products from Pipe
NumOfComps Number of Components
FeedStreams Array containing the IDs of the Feed Streams to Pipe
ProdStreams
Array containing the IDs of the Product Streams from
Pipe
Temperature K Pipe outlet Temperature
Pressure kPa Pipe outlet pressure
TemperatureChange K
Temperature difference between Inlet and Outlet of the
Pipe.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the Pipe
AmbientTemperature K Stores the Ambient Temperature. Used for DynSim
MetalTemperature K Metal temperature of Pipe. Used for DynSim
UNaturalConvection kW
Natural convection Heat Transfer coefficient. Used for
DynSim
MassFlow kg/sec Mass flow through the Pipe
MolarFlow kg-mol/sec Molar flow through the Pipe
FlowConductance
Flow Coductance of the Pipe. It is a calculated value
used in DynSim
Volume m
3
Volume of Pipe used in DynSim
Area m
2
Area of Pipe used in DynSim
MetalMass kg
Metal mass of Pipe used in DynSim to calculate heat
transfer from Pipe metal wall.
UAmbientLoss kW/m
2
-K Heat transfer coefficient from Pipe to surroundings
UForcedConvection kW/m
2
-K
Forced heat transfer coefficient between the fluid
flowing inside the Pipe and the Pipe metal.
HeatDuty kW Heat Duty to or from Pipe.
COMPSLATE Component Slate
MethodSlate Method Slate
PipeCalcMode
Used for mapping the specification of Pipe calculation
Mode from PRO-II to the destination products.
LowPDFlag
Flag used to check if the pressure drop across the Pipe is
lower than 0.0001 kPa. This is required for DynSim
ProductStoreData
This passes the Phase information of the product
streams.
SqrtDP
Stores the calculated value of the square root of pressure
drop. This is used for DynSim.
HoldupFlag This is used for DynSim Column holdup.
Stream Parameters
CompMoleFraction fraction
Array storing the component mole fractions of the
stream.
TotalMoles kg-mol Stores the total number of moles in the stream
SpecificEnthalpy Stream specific enthalpy.
VaporFraction fraction Stream Vapor fraction
SIM4ME 100
LiquidFraction fraction Stream Liquid fraction
WaterFraction fraction Stream Water fraction
Mw kg/kg-mol Stream Molecular Fraction
MolarDensity kg-mol/m
3
Stream molar density

The merged feed stream is used to update the properties (states.dat) of the upstream Header in
case there is more than one feed stream to the Pro/II Pipe.

The merged product stream is used to initialize the exit flash (states.dat) of the Dynsim Pipe and
the Drum in case there is more than one product stream from Pro/II Pipe.


Pipe Sizing

The Pipe flow conductance is calculated as follows
Mw MergedFeed
Density MergedFeed P
Flow MergedFeed J
.
.
.

=

Pipe Geometry

) / 7760 (
4
3
2
m kg Density
Density Thickness Length Diameter Mm
Length Diameter Area
Length
Diameter
Volume
=
=
=

Pipe Heat Transfer

Heat transfer in Dynsim pipe is configured based on the flag PipeCalcMode (Pipe Calculation
Mode).

The Imposed/Isothermal heat duty is configured through the parameter Qimp in Dynsim. No heat
transfer to ambient is considered in this case.

HeatDuty Qimp =

Pipe Calculation Mode = 2 (Ambient Heat Loss)
SIM4ME 101

At steady state, heat transfer from fluid to metal is equal to heat transfer from metal to ambient.

HeatDuty T T Area U T T Area
W
W
U
Metal Ambient L Fluid Metal
f
f
= =
) ( ) (
8 . 0
Re

Assumptions

W = W
Ref
(Use steady state mass flow)
U
L
= 0.01 (We expect the heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer from metal to ambient
will be more or less constant in most of the cases.)

Calculations

Calculate Tmetal (metal temperature) from the heat loss to ambient equation

Calculate Uf (forced convection heat transfer coefficient), using heat transfer from fluid
to metal equation.

Pipe Calculation Mode = 3 (Backward pressure calculation)

This is not supported in Dynsim. Error message has to be flagged in this case.

Validate Feeds

When there are multiple inputs to the PRO/II Pipe, Header is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the Dynsim Pipe. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles, and
individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:

] [ . ] [
.
. / .
=
=
=

Validate Products

When there is more than one product stream from the Pipe, a Drum is inserted at the downstream
to account for phase separation.

Molar Density

The molar density of the stream in TL Layer is calculated as follows

BulkMw y BulkDensit ty MolarDensi / =

SIM4ME 102

When TLHeader is translated to DSHeader additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader Area and Mm (MetalMass) are calculated as
follows:

) / 7760 (
/
/
4
3
3
m kg Density
Density Height Thickness Diameter Mm
Ratio D H
Volume
Diameter
=
=
=
=

SIM4ME 103

Plug Flow Reactor

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS Plug Flow
Reactor translation. ROMeo and Dynsim at present do not support Plug Flow reactors translation.

Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the HYSYS to PRO/II translation.

Base PRO/II Model


The CSTR module simulates a tubular reactor exhibiting plug flow behaviour i.e. no axial
mixing or heat transfer. It assumes that the stirring results in perfect mixing. The module
may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty specified, or in thermal mode
with either a specified temperature or temperature profile.

Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data and reaction kinetics are taken from a
reaction set in the Reaction Data Section. However, certain options that are currently not
supported by the translator are:

Override data in the reactor unit
Supply data to an external heating or cooling medium.

Parameters


Unit Class: [Plug]
CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
RxOperTypeCalc

1=THERMAL;
2=ADIABATIC; 3=COCURRENT;
4=COUNTERCURRENT
SIM4ME 104
RxOperPhaseCalc

Operating Phase
1=VAPOUR; 2=LIQUID
PressureFlag

1=PRESSURE;
2=DELTA P;
3=NEITHER
CompBasisFlag

Reaction rate equation basis
1 "Concentration"
2 "Partial Pressure"
3 "Fugacity"
4 "Activity"
RungeKuttaOption

1=RungeKutta Steps(Default)
2=RungeKutta Step Size
RungeKuttaSteps Number of steps
BaseCompNumbers

Array of Base Component Numbers (index
into component slate)
BaseCompIDIn Array of base component names
RxnSetID Reaction set ID
CompID

Component ID's that correspond to
component data input
PresCalc kPa outlet pressure
TempCalc K outlet temperature
DiamCalc mm Tube Diameter
LengthCalc M Tube Length
TubesCalc Number of tubes
RxPresInFlag

Reactor Inlet Pressure Flag...
1 = Use Feed P (Default)
2 = Use Input PIN
3 = Use Feed Pressure - DPIN
PresDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
RxPresOutFlag

Reactor Outlet Pressure Flag...
1 = Use Inlet P (Default)
2 = Use Input POUT
3 = Use Inlet Pressure - DP
IsoTempInFlag

Temp. Input for Isothermal...
0 = Not input (Default)
1 = Temperature input
IntMethodFlag

Integration Method Flag
1 = Runge Kutta (Default)
2 = Gear
3 = LSODA
InPresCalc kPa inlet pressure
IntCalcTol Gear Tolerance

SIM4ME 105

ActivationEnergy Activation Energies
PexpFactors Preexponential Factors
TexponentsCalc Reaction exponent
PexpWtUOM Preexponential Factor WT UOM Qualifier
PexpLiqvUOM Preexponential Factor LIQV UOM Qualifier
PexpPresUOM Preexponential Factor PRES UOM Qualifier
PexpTempUOM Preexponential Factor TEMP UOM Qualifier
PexpTimeUOM Preexponential Factor TIME UOM Qualifier

Profile Parameters
PProfileFlag Pressure PROFILE input ? 0=No; 1=Yes
PProfileLocFlag

Pressure PROFILE Length basis 0=Actual;
1=Fraction; 2=Percent
TProfileFlag

Temp PROFILE input ?
0=No; 1=Yes
TProfileLocFlag

Temp PROFILE Length basis 0=Actual;
1=Fraction; 2=Percent

ProfilePoints Number of profile points
PresProfPoints

Number of Points in Pressure Profile
0= Feed Pressure (No Profile)
N= No. of PProfile locations input
TempProfPoints

Temperature Profile Points
0= Feed Temp (No Profile)
N= No. of TProfile locations input
TempProfile K Input Temperature Profile
TempProfLocs M/None Locations at which Temp. input
PresProfile kPa Input Pressure Profile
PresProfLocs M/None Locations at which Pressure input


Parameters

Unit Class: [PFReactorOpObject]
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.AttachmentNa
me
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Attachment
Name
Array of product stream names
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentName
Reaction set name
SIM4ME 106
Energy ALIAS
EnergyStream.AttachmentNa
me
Energy stream name
UseFixedPressureDrop
IsIgnored
DeltaPType
VesselPressureSpec
TubeLength m Tube length
TubeDiameter m Tube diameter
NumberOfTubes Number of tubes
TubeWallThickness m Tube wall thickness

Dummy Parameters




Parameters

Class Name: [Plug]
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase

1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
SIM4ME 107

CompBasisFlag

1=Concentration; 2=Partial Pressure;
3=Vapour Fugacity; 4=Liquid Fugacity
BaseCompNumbers

Array of Base Component Numbers (index
into component slate)
DiamCalc m Tube diameter
LengthCalc m Tube length
TubesCalc Number of tubes
IntCalcTol Gear Tolerance
IntMethodFlag Integration Method flag
2 = Gear
1 = Runge Kutta (Default)
3 = LSODA
RungeKuttaOption

1=RungeKutta Steps(Default)
2=RungeKutta Step Size
RungeKuttaSteps Number of steps
SIM4ME 108
Pump

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of a PRO/II Pump translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS models.

Base PRO/II Model


The pump unit increases the pressure of an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe. PRO/II
calculates the resulting temperature change and the work required to accomplish this.

P

OM Description
arameters
Parameter U
MergedFeed
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MergedProduct
FeedData
ProductData
See FeedData
TempCalc K
This is the temperature of the pump product streams and
PressCalc kPa
This variable should be identical to the pressure of the
MergedProduct stream. It may be different from the PressIn
parameter, which is set by the user and is not changed by the
unit calculations. The PressCalc value is assumed correct
and consistent. PressIn should not be used. See TempCalc
FlowInletCalc m /sec
Calculated inlet flow is the net inlet flow. It is used in
setting up the default performance curve for pump
3
SIM4ME 109

HeadCalc m
Calculated value of the head across the pump. It is used in
setting up the default performance curve for pump
EffCalc Pump efficiency
WorkCalc KW Power required
PressInFlg
Pressure specification:
Flag 1 for Outlet Pressure,
ure Rise and
Flag 3 for Pressure Ratio
Flag 2 for Press
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Rise
PressRatioCalc Pressure Ratio

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header -Pump
ead based on the pressure differential across it. The volumetric flow rate is
terpolated from the user provided performance curve based on the calculated head. Power is
p is
he Pump performance is characterized by a Cubic-spline or Linear curve fit and may be
ad
eader is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single MergedFeed to Flow Device.
s are connected to various ports based on the
roduct phase specifications.
P

Description


The Pump is a flow device that is used to model a centrifugal pump. The Pump calculates the
available h
in
calculated from the user provided efficiency curve. Reverse flow through a shut down pum
allowed.

T
specified by either entering three or more points from the manufacturer characteristic curve (he
vs. volumetric flow) or entering one design point (head and volumetric flow).

H
Drum is used for the phase separation and stream
p

arameters
Parameter UOM
QScale m
3
/sec ow Volumetric Fl
DHScale- m Head across pump
ETAScale fraction Efficiency
SPEED rpm Pump Speed
FLASHFLAG Flag to indicate whether the outlet flash should be
performed or not

SIM4ME 110
Q m
3
DH m Head
POWER kW Power
SPEED rpm Pump speed



The Pump unit simulates the pumping of a liquid and calculates the associated pressure, enthalpy,
and entropy changes. The pump model requires two specifications:

product stream pressure specification (or a pump work specification from which the
outlet pressure can be calculated)

pump efficiency.

Parameters

Pres kPa Pump downstream pressure
Head m Head across pump
CorrectedVolume ft
3
/hr Corrected volume. Since FanE and RefSpeedRatio are
1, corrected volume is equal to volumetric flow.
Efficiency fraction Pump Efficiency
BaselineEff fraction Efficiency at reference speed. Always set to equal to
Efficiency
ActualWork kJ/sec Pump Work
Speed rps Pump Speed. Set to 60 rps
RefSpeed rps Pump Reference speed. Set to 60 rps.
PresRise kPa Pressure rise across pump.
PresRatio Pressure ratio
SpecType Pressure specification type, OutletPressure,
PressureRise, PressureRatio, Work, Head
SpecVar Points to the currently selected Specification Variable
FanE Always set to 1
EffOffsetFromBaseline Set to zero
IdealWork kJ/sec Ideal Work. Actual work * efficiency
EfficiencySelection Fixed, Current_Efficiency, Baseline_Efficiency
Always set to Fixed
RefSpeedRatio Set to 1.

SIM4ME 111

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Pump


The Pump unit models the pumping of a liquid and calculates the associated pressure, enthalpy,
and entropy changes. Two specifications are required for the pump model; a pressure
specification for the product stream (or a pump work specification from which the outlet pressure
can be calculated) and the pump efficiency.

Parameters

IsIgnored LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations were ignored by
HYSYS
PumpIsOn LONG Flag to denote if Pump was
switched On or OFF in
HYSYS
IsCurve ALIAS
PolynomialPumpCurve.Pu
mpCurveActive
LONG Flag to denote if Pump Head
Vs Flow Curve was used by
HYSYS to calculate the Head
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Attachment
Name
STRINGARRAYList of Feedstreams attached
to the Pump. Always only one
since HYSYS Pump is SISO.
Still an array is used to
preserve generality
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream. attached to the Pump. Always
only one since HYSYS Pump
is SISO. Still an array is used
to preserve generality
AttachmentName
STRINGARRAYList of Product treams
AdiabaticEfficiency FLOAT Pump efficiency
DeltaP FLOAT Pressure Rise across the Pump
PumpEfficiencySpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Efficiency
as the specification
PumpDeltaPSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Pressure
rise as the specification
PumpHeadSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Pressure
rise as the specification
PumpPowerSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Power as
the specification
A ALIAS
PolynomialPumpCurve.
Polynomial Pump Curve
Coefficient
PumpCurveParameterA
FLOAT
B ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
SIM4ME 112
PumpCurveParameterB
Coefficient
CA ALIAS
PumpCurveParameterC
FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
Coefficient
D ALIAS
Coefficient
PumpCurveParameterD
FLOAT
E ALIAS
PumpCurveParameterE
FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
Coefficient
F ALIAS
PumpCurveParameterF
Coefficient
FLOAT
Feed ALIAS
FeedStream.AttachmentNa
me
STRING
Prod ALIAS
ProductStream.Attachment
Name
STRING
Energy ALIAS
Name
STRING HYSYS Energy Stream
HeadUnits ALIAS
mpCurveHeadUnits
STRING Head Curve can have different
UOM for Head.
FlowUnits ALIAS
mpCurveFlowUnits
UOM for Head.
FlowBasis ALIAS
mpCurveFlowBasis
Basis for Flow like: Actual
Volumetric Flow, Standard
Volumetric flow, Molar Flow
and Mass Flow.
TypicalOperatingCapacity M3/sec FLOAT Design flow of the Pump

Common Data Base Structure Pump

Parameters

NumOfFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached to the
unit
NumOfProds
The number of product streams currently attached to
the unit
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the product
SIM4ME 113

streams.
Temparature K
Pressure kPa
Head kJ/kg
VolFlow m
3
/hr
Efficiency fraction
Power
Volume m
3

TotalMoles mol
CompMolesState mol Vector containing the moles of individual components
Speed rps
PressureRise
PressureRatio
PressSpec


When there are multiple inputs to the PRO/II pump, a header is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the pump. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles, and individual
component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:
] [ . ] [
.
. / .
=
=
=

When TLHeader is translated to DS header additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader parameters are calculated as follows

) / 7760 (
.
/
/
4
3
3
m kg Density
ty MolarDensi MergedFeed Height Thickness Diameter Mass Metal
Ratio D H
Volume
Diameter
=
=
=
=

Calculation of Pump pressure rise from Head Curve.
Head = A+B*FLOW+C*FLOW**2+D*FLOW**3+E*FLOW**4+F*FLOW**5

Pump Head vs. Flow Curve can be specified in the source product like HYSYS in the form of
the relation:

SIM4ME 114

PRO/II does not have provision to add Pump curves. Hence, the pressure rise across the Pump has
to be calculated for the head curve and set in PRO/II Pump as specification.
What is done is that a Calculator unit is added in PRO/II and the pressure drop is calculated from
the following equation:
R1= (C1+C2*P1+C3*P1**2+C4*P1**3+C5*P1**4+C6**5) *P2*9.8/100.0
where:
P1 = Feed flow rate

However, in the source file, only the curve coefficients A, BF are available. The flow need not
be available always as it might be a calculated value. In that case, the calculation of Head is not
possible to be done during translation.

C1, C2, C3C6 are nothing but the Curve coefficients A, B, C F
P2 = Feed Liquid Density

The coefficients are not currently mapped into PRO/II. Also, the UOM of Head and Flow are not
mapped. The user has to manually add the coefficients and the calculator unit will automatically
set the calculated pressure rise as the specification in the Pump.

Calculation of Pump pressure rise from Pump Duty

Pump Duty can be specified in source product like HYSYS. PRO/II does not have an
equivalent specification. So, the pressure rise has to be calculated from the specified Duty and set
as specification for the PRO/II Pump.

The relation for Duty is:

Duty = (Q * DeltaP) / efficiency

However, in the source file, only the duty is specified. The flow need not be available always as it
might be a calculated value. In that case, the calculation of Pressure rise is not possible to be done
during translation.

What is done is that a Calculator unit is added in PRO/II and the pressure drop is calculated from
the equation for duty:

R1 = (C1*C2) / P1
where:
C1 = Pump Efficiency
C2 = Feed Flow rate
R1 = Delta P calculated

Both Pump efficiency and Duty are mapped from the source and the calculator sets the calculated
pressure rise as specification in Pump.


There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to ROMeo layer mapping
SIM4ME 115

Reset

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Reset translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS models.

Base Pro II Model


The purpose of the RESET unit is to allow the user to reset the enthalpy data of the product
stream using the thermodynamic method specified for the unit. The Reset unit performs orderly
transition from one enthalpy basis to the next. This avoids calculation difficulties that otherwise
would arise due to discontinuity in the enthalpy data.

Parameters

CurrentFeeds
The number of feed streams currently attached to
the unit.
CurrentProducts
The number of product streams currently attached to
the unit.
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all the feed streams.
temperature, pressure, or composition of the
individual streams, but only the ID of the stream. In
PRO/II, the ID can be used to retrieve the stream
data block that contains a complete description of
the stream.
ProductData
MethodData Downstream thermodynamic method
FirstFeed Index into FeedData locating first feed to each side
FirstProduct Index into FeedData locating last feed to each side
LastFeed
Index into ProductData locating first product to each
side
LastProduct
Index into ProductData locating last product to each
side
IParamDataCalc

3- Vapor fraction
Index locating the variable selected, which is used in
flash calculations
1- Temperature
2- Enthalpy

SIM4ME 116
Equivalent DynSim Model / Models SlateChange


The SlateChange is a flow device that can be used to model black box reactors, to lump or
delump components, or to just change the thermodynamic method sate. Specifying an entirely
different component and method slate for product and feed is possible in the SlateChange model.

Parameters


J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m3) Flow conductivity
ProdMethodSlate Product method slate

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models BasisChanger


The BasisChanger unit is used to connect unit operations having different thermodynamic method
slates. This unit helps in smooth transition from one thermodynamic method slate to another.

Parameters

Static Parameters to ROMeo Database:

Pres kPa Pressure in the exit stream
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop across the unit
Duty kJ/hr Heat that has to be supplied to the input streams
Temp K Temperature of the exit stream
LiqFrac Liquid fraction in the exit stream
VapFrac Vapour fraction in the exit stream
TempDiff K Temperature difference across the unit

PhaseReq Not available
Spec1 String value indicating the flash specification:
TemperatureDiff
FeedTemperature
BubblePoint
DewPoint
VaporFraction
Duty
PressureDrop
Pressure

SIM4ME 117

Spec2 String value indicating the flash specification:
TemperatureDiff
Temperature
BubblePoint
DewPoint
PressureDrop
Pressure
Adiabatic
VaporFraction
FeedTemperature
In the above ROMeo parameter table, the parameter values present in the description
column having bold letters are the only possible ones that could be assigned during the
nslation. For example, in the RESET tra model of PRO/II, one specification is pressure drop is
p.
Stream Cutter
ject that allows user to switch the fluid package of a stream
Hysys us f
e)
VF-T Flash (Vf Temperature)
VF-P Flash (Vf Pressure)
riable Type
zero. Hence, the Spec1 has the value PressureDro

Equivalent Hysys Model


Hysy Cutter is an ob s Stream
anywhere in the flowsheet.

es ollowing transfer basis:
r T-P Flash (Temperature Pressu
P-H Flash (Pressure Enthalpy)

Parameters

Parameter/Va Description
FeedStreams StringArray Feed Stream
ProdStreams StringArray Product Stream
TransitionName STRING Name of Transition
TransitionType STRING Type of transition (Fluid Package)
ForwardMap STRING Downstream Unit Name
BackwardMap STRING Upstream Unit Name
TransferBasis STRING Transfer Basis
IsIgnored LONG Not included in calculation flag

SIM4ME 118

Parameters
Dynsim

ProII
Parameters
TL Parameter ROMeo

FeedData FeedStreams FeedStream FeedStream
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStream ProdStream
FirstFeed
FirstProduct
LastFeed
LastProduct
MethodData ProdMethodSlate ProdMethodSlate
IParamDataCalc TLIParamDataCalc

Spec2 TransferBasis
Pres
PresDrop
Temp
TempDiff
Duty
LiqFrac
VapFrac


Sizing

The flow conductance is calculated as follows:
Mw Feed
Density P
Flow J
.

=

Pro/II reset unit does not account for pressure drop and performs the flash at upstream pressure as
against the SlateChange that uses the downstream pressure in flash calculation. To reset the
downstream properties, it is desired that the pressure drop across SlateChange is small.

SlateChange is sized for a pressure drop of 1kPa

Validate Feeds and Products

Though the ProII reset unit is mapped to a flow device in Dynsim, as there can be only one input
and one output stream for Pro/II Reset unit, no extra units will be added during translation.

SIM4ME 119


There are no calculations of parameters in this layer


The ROMeo variables are mapped from the stream property values present in the TL layer:

Temperature = ProdStreams[0].Temperature
TempDiff = FeedStreams [0].Temperature - ProdStreams[0].Temperature
Duty = (ProdStreams[0].TotalMolarEnthalpy - FeedStreams [0].
TotalMolarEnthalpy)
Duty = ($Target.Duty)*(FeedStreams [0].TotalMolarRate)
Pres = FeedStreams [0].Pressure
SIM4ME 120
Reaction Set

This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS Reaction Set translation to
the equivalent PRO/II model.

Base Pro II Model
RxnSet Parameters


PRO/II allows users to define sets of chemical reactions. These reaction sets can be used in
reactor unit operations and reactive distillation columns. Any number of reaction sets may be
defined. Each set may include any number of reactions. For each reaction, stoichiometric data,
heat of reaction data, kinetics data, equilibrium data, etc., may be supplied.

Please refer to the PRO/II Reference Manual for details on the various features and
usage.

Parameters

RxnSet Parameter UOM Description
KineTypeFlagCalc Kinetic rate calculation method
ReactionID Reaction components
RxSetDescription Reaction set description

Reaction Parameters
Reaction Parameter UOM Description
NumRxnComps Number of reaction data components
CompID Component IDs
StoichCoeffCalc Stoichiometric coefficients
RxnDefFormat Reaction display format
ReactionDescription Reaction description (formula, name)
HeatOfRxnOption Heat of reaction option (calculated, user-specified)
HeatOfRxnCalc kJ/kg-mol Heat of reaction
HRxnRefCompIDCalc Heat of reaction ref component
HeatRxnRefTempCalc K Heat of reaction ref temperature
HeatRxnRefPhaseCalc Heat of reaction ref phase
EquDataFlag Define equilibrium data flag
EquCoeffCalc Equilibrium coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G
EquRxnPhaseDfltCalc Equilibrium reaction default phase
EquLiqConcBasisCalc Equilibrium reaction liquid conc basis
EquVapConcBasisCalc Equilibrium reaction vapor conc basis
EquExponentCalc Equilibrium activity exponents
EquCompPhaseCalc Equilibrium data component reaction phases
EquilCoeffsTempUOM Temperature UOM for equilibrium coefficients
SIM4ME 121

EquWeightUOM Weight UOM for equilibrium constant
EquVolumeUOM Volume UOM for equilibrium constant
EquPresUOM Pressure UOM for equilibrium constant
KinDataFlag Define kinetic data flag
KinPexpFactorCalc Pre-exponential factor
KinActiEnergyCalc kJ/kg-mol Activation energy
KinTempExpCalc Temperature exponent
KinRxnPhaseDfltCalc Kinetic default reaction phase
KinLiqConcBasisCalc Kinetic reaction liquid conc basis
KinVapConcBasisCalc Kinetic reaction vapor conc basis
KinExponentCalc Kinetic exponents (reaction orders)
KinCompPhaseCalc Kinetic data component reaction phases
PexpTempUOM Temperature UOM for pexp
PexpWeightUOM Weight UOM for pexp
PexpVolumeUOM Volume UOM for pexp
PexpPresUOM Pressure UOM for pexp
PexpTimeUOM Time UOM for pexp

Equivalent DynSim Model / Models

Translation of Reaction Sets and Reactions to Dynsim has not yet been implemented.


ROMeo does not support reaction sets and reaction specifications at the flowsheet level. If a
reaction set is detected during translation, a warning message will be issued to that effect. In
ROMeo, reactions are specified within individual reactors. If the reactors require any information
from the reaction set or reaction data, the translator will update the reactors with that data.



Reaction Types

In PRO/II, a reaction may contain all of the necessary data for any type of reaction: Equilibrium,
Kinetic, Conversion, etc. However, in HYSYS, a reaction is always of one type only and the
reaction parameters data will be present for one of the reaction types as signified by the
ReactionType parameter.

For a single kinetic reaction, HYSYS allows the specification of individual rate expressions for
the forward and reverse reactions (at equilibrium, the rates would be equal). However, the reverse
reaction data is currently not supported in the TL and PRO/II layers.

In HYSYS, some of the data pertaining to a reaction (e.g. Conversion for a conversion
reaction) is specified in the reaction data rather than in a unit operation that uses the reaction. In
HYSYS, the data for a particular reaction type is reported in the XML file of the unit operation,
SIM4ME 122
and is generally used in translating only the unit operation that uses the reaction and not the
reaction.

In PRO/II, two reactor units could use the same reaction with different conversions. However,
this is not possible in HYSYS and it requires two reactions with different conversions.

Parameters

RxnSet Parameters
RxnSet Parameter UOM Description
ReactionSetName Name of the Reaction Set.
1
SetType Not currently used
NumberOfActiveRxns
ALIAS
ActiveReactionList.Number
OfActiveRxns
The number of active reactions in this set
ActiveReactions ALIAS
ActiveReactionList.x_Activ
eReaction
List of Active Reaction names within this set
2
NumberOfInactiveRxns
ALIAS
InactiveReactionList.Numb
erOfInactiveRxns

Number of Inactive reactions in this set Not
currently used
InactiveReactions ALIAS
InactiveReactionList.x_Inac
tiveReaction

List of Inactive Reaction names within this set
Not currently used

Notes:
1. Reaction Set names in the HYSYS XML files are not suitable for use in the TL and P2
layers. When loading the reaction set data into the HS holder in HSAccess.dll, the name
used here is RNNSETn where n is incremented for each set. The original HYSYS set
name is passed into the TL layer as a description.
2. Reaction names in the TL layer have been designed to combine the set name viz:
reaction_name set_name. The same convention is used in the HSAccess code to
append the owner set name to the reaction name.

Reaction Parameters
ReactionType
The type of reaction: i.e.
ConversionReactionObject,
EquilibriumReactionObject,
KineticReactionObject, or
SimpleRateReactionObject.
ReactionName Name of the Reaction
1
Basis
Concentration basis for equilibrium or
kinetic reaction data e.g. Partial
Pressure, or Molar Concentration
Phase Phase for reaction
NumberOfReactants Number of components involved in the
SIM4ME 123

ALIAS
ReactantList.NumberOfRea
ctants
reaction
Reactants ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Co
mponentName
Array of component names
2
StoichCoeff ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.St
oichCoeff
Array of stoichiometric coefficients
ReactionHeatSpec ALIAS
ReactionHeat.Status

String indicating whether heat of reaction
is Calculated or Specified
4
ReactionHeat kJ/kmol Heat of Reaction
4
BasisComponent Name of the Base Component
2,3
EquilibriumCoeff ALIAS
EquilibriumConsCoeff.x_E
quilibriumConsCoeffSet.Eq
uilibriumConstCoeff
Temperature in K
Array of coefficients (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H)
for the Equilibrium Constant equation
BasisUnits
String specifying UOM used for
concentration in the Equilibrium or
Kinetic rate expressions
FwdFrequencyFactor
ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.FwdFreq
uencyFactor
Temperature in K
Frequency Factor (i.e. Pre-exponential
coefficient) for the forward reaction
FwdActivationEnergy
ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.FwdActi
vationEnergy
Temperature in K
Activation energy for the forward
equation
FwdAlpha ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.FwdAlph
a

Temperature exponent for the forward
equation
RevFrequencyFactor
ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.RevFreq
uencyFactor
Temperature in K
Frequency Factor (i.e. Pre-exponential
coefficient) for the reverse reaction
RevActivationEnergy
ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.RevActi
vationEnergy
Temperature in K
Activation energy for the reverse
equation
RevAlpha ALIAS
KineticConsCoeff.RevAlph
a

Temperature exponent for the reverse
equation
ForwardOrder ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Fo
rwardOrder

Order (i.e. power to which concentration
is raised) in kinetic rate expression for
forward reaction
ReverseOrder ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Re
verseOrder

Order (i.e. power to which concentration
is raised) in kinetic rate expression for
reverse reaction
SIM4ME 124
RateUnits
UOM string for reaction rate in Kinetic
reactions
MinTemperature C
Minimum temperature at which rate
equation is valid
MaxTemperature C
Maximum temperature at which rate
equation is valid
Approach ALIAS
FractionalApproach.DeltaT
emperature
C
Temperature Approach for Equilibrium
reaction (not used)
Coefficient percentage
Conversion for conversion reaction (not
used)

Notes:
1. Reaction names in the TL layer have been designed to combine the set name viz:
reaction_name set_name. The same convention is used in the HSAccess code to
append the owner set name to the reaction name.
2. Because of the problem of relating components by name, the HSAccess code that loads
reactions translates the HYSYS component names into the PRO/II names that are mapped
during the Thermo loading. Therefore, it is the PRO/II names stored here.
3. Due to what looks like a bug in the HYSYS XML file, the Base Component name is
never set correctly. When this occurs the HSAccess code sets the name to UNKNOWN
4. Heats of reaction in HYSYS appear to be always calculated and are not output to the
XML file when only specification data is output.

The parameters in this layer are named same as those in PRO/II except for a few minor changes.
UOM
Common Data Base Structure RxnSet and Reaction

Parameters

RxnSet Parameters
RxnSet Parameter Description
KineTypeFlag Kinetic rate calculation method
ReactionID Reaction components
RxSetDescription Reaction set description

Reaction Parameters
UOM Reaction Parameter Description
NumRxnComps Number of reaction data components
CompID Component IDs
StoichCoeff Stoichiometric coefficients
RxnDefFormat Reaction display format
ReactionDescription Reaction description (formula, name)
HeatOfRxnOption Heat of reaction option (calculated, user-
specified)
HeatOfRxn kJ/kg-mol Heat of reaction
HRxnRefCompID Heat of reaction ref component
SIM4ME 125

HeatRxnRefTemp K Heat of reaction ref temperature
HeatRxnRefPhase Heat of reaction ref phase
EquDataFlag Define equilibrium data flag
EquCoeff Equilibrium coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G
EquRxnPhaseDflt Equilibrium reaction default phase
EquLiqConcBasis Equilibrium reaction liquid conc basis
EquVapConcBasis Equilibrium reaction vapor conc basis
EquExponent Equilibrium activity exponents
EquCompPhase Equilibrium data component reaction phases
EquilCoeffsTempUOM Temperature UOM for equilibrium coefficients
EquWeightUOM Weight UOM for equilibrium constant
EquVolumeUOM Volume UOM for equilibrium constant
EquPresUOM Pressure UOM for equilibrium constant
KinDataFlag Define kinetic data flag
KinPexpFactor Pre-exponential factor
KinActiEnergy kJ/kg-mol Activation energy
KinTempExp Temperature exponent
KinRxnPhaseDflt Kinetic default reaction phase
KinLiqConcBasis Kinetic reaction liquid conc basis
KinVapConcBasis Kinetic reaction vapor conc basis
KinExponent Kinetic exponents (reaction orders)
KinCompPhase Kinetic data component reaction phases
PexpTempUOM Temperature UOM for pexp
PexpWeightUOM Weight UOM for pexp
PexpVolumeUOM Volume UOM for pexp
PexpPresUOM Pressure UOM for pexp
PexpTimeUOM Time UOM for pexp
SIM4ME 126
Rigorous Heat Exchanger

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Rigorous Heat Exchanger
translation to the equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS Heat Exchanger.

Base PRO/II Model


The Rigorous Heat Exchanger unit operation carries out a performance rating of an existing shell
and tube heat exchanger handling single phase, condensing or vaporizing streams. Vapor-Liquid
and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid phase equilibria are supported.

Parameters

CurrentFeeds
CurrentProducts
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream.
MergedProduct
stream. This is an internal product stream
that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the
feed streams.
ProductData
product streams.
FirstFeed
Index into FeedData locating first feed to
each side
LastFeed
Index into FeedData locating last feed to
each side
FirstProduct
Index into ProductData locating first
product to each side
LastProduct
Index into ProductData locating last
ProductStoreData
Phase specifications for product stream
(Mixed, Vapor, Liquid)
PseudoProdData
pseudo product streams (attached to
column)
FlowTypeFlag 0 - Counter Current, 1- Co Current
NumOfTube Number of tubes per Shell
NumOf TubePasses Number of tube passes per Shell
NumOfShellPasses Number of shell side passes
NumOfParShells Number of Parallel Shells
NumOfSerShells Number of Shells in series
SIM4ME 127

NumOfFansPerBay Number of Fans per Bay
FanDraftType 0 Induced draft
1 Forced draft
AttachedSideFlag Attached side (not attached, hot side
attached to column, cold side attached to
column)
AttachedTypeFlag Attached type (not attached, condenser, re-
boiler, pump around heater /cooler, side
heater / cooler)
ColuHeaterName Attached column heater name
ColuPAName Attached column pump around name
UvalFoul kJ/hr-m
2
-K U value with fouling
UvalNoFoul kJ/hr-m
2
-K U value without fouling
UAVal kJ/hr-K UA Value
AreaUsingUDirty m
2
Area
FTFct LMTD correction factor
LogMeanTempDiff K LMTD
MeanTempDiff K Mean temperature difference
TubeLen m Tube length
TubePressDropCalc kPa Tube side pressure drop
TubeFoulFct hr-m
2
-K/kJ Tube side fouling factor
TubeDens kg/ m
3
Tube density
TubeThck m Tube thickness
TubeFilmCoeff kJ/hr- m
2
-K Tube side film coefficient
TubeFoul hr- m
2
-K/kJ Tube side fouling
TubeTempOut K Tube side outlet temperature
ShellTempOut K Shell side outlet temperature
TubeID m Tube inside diameter
TubeOD m Tube outside diameter
ShellID m Shell inside diameter
UnitAreaPerShell m
2
Area of unit per shell basis
ShellFoulFct m
2
-hr-K/kJ Shell side fouling factor
ShellPressDropCalc kPa Shell side pressure drop
ShellFoul m
2
-hr-K/kJ Shell side fouling
ShellEmptyWt kg Shell empty weight
ExchngHtDuty kJ/sec Exchanger Heat Duty
ShellMatDens kg/m
3
Shell material density
TubeBundleWt kg Tube bundle weight
BaffleSpc m Baffle spacing
InletBaffleSpc m Inlet baffle spacing
OutletBaffleScp m Outlet baffle spacing
TubePitch m Tube pitch
SpecType Specification type
HotSideType Hot side type
NumOfSealStrippairs Number pf seal strip pairs
PitchPattern Pitch pattern

SIM4ME 128
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header - Heat Exchanger - Drum


The HeatExchanger is a single pass, two-sided heat exchanger that uses the LMTD approach to
calculate the duty. It can be configured as countercurrent or cocurrent. The two sides are called
Shell and Tube. Both sides are flow devices and are instances of the same model (HeatSide), i.e.,
they are modeled in the same way. They may be thought of as lumped-model analogs of the two
sides of a shell and tube heat exchanger.

There are four nodes in the HeatExchanger with each side containing two nodes (inlet and exit
nodes). The heat transfer across the sides is due to the heat duty based on the logarithmic mean
temperature difference across these nodes and to natural convection. Ambient heat loss is also
modeled and is calculated separately for each side.

Each side has a metal mass and volume associated with it. These are distributed equally across
the two nodes. The metal and fluid in a node are considered to be at the same temperature. Bypass
flow, fouling resistance, and boundary conditions (temperature and enthalpy specifications on the
nodes) are also modeled for each side.

Header is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single MergedFeed to Flow Device.


Parameters


Heat Exchanger / Utility Exchanger
Exchanger Parameter UOM Description
U kW/ m
2
-K Overall heat transfer coefficient
Un kW/ m
2
-K Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
Area m
2
Total heat transfer area
CocurrentFlag 0 Countercurrent, 1 Cocurrent

Side (Heat & Utility)
Side Parameter UOM Description
Ul kW/ m
2
-K Ambient loss heat transfer coefficient
Wref kg/sec Reference mass flow rate for heat transfer
href kW/ m
2
-K Heat transfer coefficient at reference mass flow
FoulRes m
2
-K/kW Fouling resistance
Mm kg Metal mass

HeatSide
HeatSide Parameter UOM Description
Vol m
3
Fluid volume of the side
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/ m
3
) Flow conductance

SIM4ME 129


LMTD K Log mean temperature difference
Q kJ/sec LMTD duty
Qn kJ/sec Natural convection duty

Side (Heat / Utility)
Ti K Inlet node temperature
Tx K Outlet node temperature

HeatSide
HeatSide Parameter UOM Description
Hi kJ/kg-mol Inlet node enthalpy
Hx kJ/kg-mol Outlet node enthalpy
Zi fraction Inlet node composition
Zx fraction Outlet node composition
MT kg-mol Total mole hold-up

Equivalent ROMeo Model: Performance Heat Exchanger


PRO/II Rigorous Heat Exchanger is modeled as Performance Heat Exchanger in ROMeo.

Parameters

Parameter/Variable UOM Type Description
U KJ/m2-K Variable Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
HOCO K Variable Difference in Hot Outlet Temp. and
Cold Outlet Temp.
HICO K Variable Difference in Hot Inlet and Cold
Outlet Temp.
HOCI K Variable Difference in Hot Outlet and Cold
Inlet Temp.
UArea kJ/hr-K Variable U * Area
ForceLMTDCalc Variable LMTD calculation flag.
HotSide String Describes which is Hot Side
ColdSide String Describes which is Cold Side
ConfigMode String Configuration, set as Performance.
FlowDir String Counter-Current or Co-Current
arrangement
OverallConfig String TwoSided or Single Sided
TubeHtCoCorr Variable
FResistOverall hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Overall Heat Transfer Resistance
TubeHtTransAreaOutside m2 Variable Outside Tube Heat Transfer Area
SIM4ME 130
TubeHtTransAreaInside m2 Variable Inside Tube Heat Transfer Area
ShellHtCo KJ/m2-K Variable Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient.

Sub Model
Shell

CurrSpec String Current Specification
v_Duty kj/sec Variable Duty
v_DewPtPlus K Variable Temperature above Dew Point
v_BubPtMinus K Variable Temperature below Bubble Point
v_TempChange K Variable Temperature Change
v_ProdTemp K Variable Product Temperature
v_ProdVapFrac Fraction Variable Product Vapor Fraction
v_FoulResist hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Foul Resistance
v_Pres kPa Variable Pressure
v_PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop
ShellDPUnit.PresChoice Variable Pressure Drop Calculation Choice

FResist
CurrFoulingResistanceCas
e
String Foul Resistance Case
eName
String Case Name
Desc
String
Case Description
CurrFoulingResistance hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Foul Resistance Value

ShellSideHtCo
LogReyNo Variable Log of Reynolds Number
ReyNo Variable Reynolds Number
PrandtlNo Variable Prandtl Number
NoOfBaffles Variable Number of Baffles
ShellToBaffleLeakageArea m2 Variable Leak Area between Baffle and Shell
TubeToBaffleLeakageArea m2 Variable Leak Area between Baffle and Tube
NoOfTubeRowsInACrossF
lowSection
Variable
Number of Tubes in Cross Flow Area
HtCo Variable KJ/m2-K Heat Transfer Coefficient
CorrFactBaffleLeakage Baffle Leakage Correction Factor Variable
CrossFlowArea m2 Variable Cross Flow Area
AvgSpHt
kJ/Kg-Mol-
K
Variable Average Specific Heat
AvgVisc Pa-Sec Variable Average Viscosity
AvgCond W/m-K Variable Average Conductivity
SIM4ME 131

MassFlowRate kg/sec Variable Mass Flow Rate
JFacIdealTubeBank Variable Ideal J Factor
CorrFactBaffleConfigEffec
ts
Variable
Baffle geometry correction factor
CorrFactBundleBypass Variable Bundle bypass correction factor
ShellCSectArea m2 Variable Shell cross sectional area
CorrFactUnEqualBaffleSpa
cing
Variable
Baffle Unequal spacing factor
CorrFactAdverseTempGra
d
Variable Adverse Temp. Gradient correction
factor
CorrFactAdverseTempGra
dPrime
Variable Adverse Temp. Gradient Prime
correction factor
HtCoIdealTubeBank Variable Ideal Heat Transfer coefficient
AreaRatioLeakageToCross
Flow
Variable
Leakage area to cross flow area ratio
AreaRatioFractionShellBaf
fleLeakage
Variable Shell baffle leakage to cross flow area
ratio.
FractionCrossFlowAreaFor
Bypass
Variable
Fraction of cross flow area for bypass
WindowEquivDia Variable Equivalent Window Area
NoOfTubeRowsInEachWi
ndow
Variable Tubes in each Window
JFac.v_LogReyNo Variable Log of Reynolds Number
JFac.v_LogJFacIdealTube
Bank
Variable Reynolds Number

ShellConfig
TubePitch m Variable Tube Pitch
BaffleCut Fraction Variable Baffle Cut
BaffleSpacing m Variable Baffle Spacing
NoOfSealStrips Variable Number of Seal Strips
MaxBaffleSpacing m Variable Maximum Baffle Spacing
GrossWindowArea m2 Variable Gross Window Area
TubeWindowArea m2 Variable Tube Window Area
FractionOfTubesInCrossFl
ow
Fraction Variable Fraction of Tubes In Cross Flow
FlowWindowArea m2 Variable Flow Window Area
WindowEquivDia m Variable Equivalent Window Diameter
TubeLayoutOption String Default is Square Rotated
ShellsArrangement String Default is Series
BaffleSpacingEntranceRati
o
Variable Ratio of entrance baffle spacing to
baffle spacing
BaffleSpacingExitRatio
Variable Ratio of exit baffle spacing to baffle
spacing
TubeOtl m Variable Tube Outer tube Limit
TubeHtTransArea m Variable Tube Heat transfer area
TubeArea m Variable Tube cross area
MinBaffleSpacing m Parameter Minimum baffle spacing
SIM4ME 132

Tube
CurrSpec String Current Specification
v_Duty kj/sec Variable Duty
v_DewPtPlus K Variable Temperature above Dew Point
v_BubPtMinus K Variable Temperature below Bubble Point
v_TempChange K Variable Temperature Change
v_ProdTemp K Variable Product Temperature
v_ProdVapFrac Fraction Variable Product Vapor Fraction
v_Pres kPa Variable Pressure
v_PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop

TubeSideHtCo
ReyNo Variable
PrandtlNo Variable
Pres kPa Variable Pressure
HtCo KJ/m2-K Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient
FricFact Variable Tube Friction Factor
TubesPerPass Variable Tubes per pass
TubeDPUnit Variable
Pres kPa Variable Pressure
PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop
PresChoice Variable Pressure Drop calculation choice
MassVel Kg/m/sec Variable Mass Velocity
MassFlowRate Kg/sec Variable Mass Flow Rate
AvgSpHt
kJ/Kg-
Mol-K
Variable Average Specific Heat
AvgVisc Pa-Sec Variable Average Viscosity
AvgCond W/m-K Variable Average Conductivity
TubeArea m2 Variable Tube Area
CurrFoulingResistance
hr-m2-
K/kJ
Variable
Foul resistance value
CurrFoulingResistanceCase String Foul resistance case
CurrFoulingResistanceCase
Name
String
Case Name
CurrFoulingResistanceCase
Desc
String Case Description.

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Heat Exchanger


HYSYS Heat Exchanger is translated as a Rigorous Heat Exchanger in PRO/II.

Heat Exchanger can be specified in number of ways viz. Exchanger Design (Weighted end point),
Steady State Rating, UA, Duty, LMTD, Product temperature, Temperature Difference, Sub
cooling, Superheating, Shell and tube bundle data, Shell and tube pressure drop.

SIM4ME 133

Parameters

TubeFluidPkg ALIAS
TubeSideFluidPackage.FluidPack
age.Value
String Tube side Methodslate/Compslate
ShellFluidPkg ALIAS
ShellSideFluidPackage.FluidPack
age.Value
String Shell side Methodslate/Compslate
CounterOrCoCurrent String CounterCurrent/Co-Current
ShellHeatTransferCoeff Float Shell side heat transfer coefficient
TubeHeatTransferCoeff Float Tubel side heat transfer coefficient
RatingUA Float UA
ShellFouling Float Shell side fouling
TubeFouling Float Tube side fouling
ShellsInSeries Long Shells in series
ShellsInParallel Long Shells in parallel
TubePasses Long Tube passes per Shell
TubeOrientation String Horizantal/Vertical
TEMAType1 String TEMA type 1
TubePitch Float Tube pitch
TubeLayourAngle String Tube layout
NoOfTubes Long Number of Tubes
TubeLength Float Tube length
TubeWallConductivity Float Tube wall Conductivity
BaffleType String Baffle Type
BaffleOrient String Baffle Orientation
BaffleCut Flaot Baffle cut
BaffleSpacing Float Baffle Spacing
TubeOuterDiameter Float Tube OD
TubeInnerDiameter Float Tube ID
ShellPressureDrop Float Shell Pressure drop
TubePressureDrop Float Tube Pressure drop
TubeFeedStreams ALIAS
x_TubeInletStream.TaggedName
String Tube Feed Stream
ShellFeedStreams ALIAS
x_ShellInletStream.TaggedName
String Shell Feed Stream
TubeProdStreams ALIAS
x_TubeOutletStream.TaggedNam
e
String Tube Product Stream
ShellProdStreams ALIAS
x_ShellOutletStream.TaggedNam
e
String Shell Product Stream
SpecName ALIAS
HeatExchPerformance.HeatExcha
ngerSpecifications.x_ExchangerS
Stringarray Specification Name
SIM4ME 134
pec.SpecName
SpecStatus ALIAS
pec.SpecifiedValue.Status
Intarray Used to determine if specification is
active or not
SpecObjName ALIAS
pec.SpecifiedObjectName1
Stringarray Specification object name
SpecType ALIAS
pec.SpecTypeSelection
Intarray Spec type selection
0 - Temp
1 - Delta temp
2 - UA
3 - LMTD
5 - Duty
6 - Min Approach
7 - Flow
8 - FLow Ratio
9 - Duty Ratio
11 - Subcooling
12 SuperHeating
HeatExchPerformance.Exchanger
ColdDuty
Float Duty
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLeak Float Heat Leak through cold side
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLoss Float Heat Loss through hot side
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLeak.
Status
Long 4 = Calculated
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLoss.
Status
Long 4 = Calculated

Parameters

Common Data Base Structure RigorousHX

Units of Measure

Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in P2Internal units

Common Parameters
PRO/II TL Parameter Dynsim Parameter ROMeo Parameter
FirstFeed
LastFeed
FirstProduct
LastProduct
ProductStoreData
PseudoProdData
FlowTypeFlag CoCurrentFlag CoCounterFlag FlowDir
NumOfTube NumOfTube NumberOfTubes
SIM4ME 135

Common Parameters
NumOf TubePasses NumOf TubePasses NumOfTubePasses
NumOfShellPasses NumOfShellPasses
NumOfParShells NumOfParShells Shell
NumOfSerShells NumOfSerShells Shell
NumOfFansPerBay
FanDraftType?
AttachedSideFlag
AttachedTypeFlag
ColuHeaterName
ColuPAName
UValFoul U UOverall U
UAVal UAValue UArea
Ul
Un
AreaUsingUDirty Area Area TubeHtTransAreaOutside /
TubeHtTransAreaInside
FTFct LMTDFactor LMTDFactor
LogMeanTempDiff LMTD LMTD LMTD
MeanTempDiff
ExchngHtDuty HeatDuty TubeDuty/ShellDuty
Shell/Tube Side parameters
CurrentFeeds
Shell.NumOfFeeds
Tube.NumOfFeeds
Shell.NumOfFeeds
Tube.NumOfFeeds

CurrentProducts
Shell.NumOfProds
Tube.NumOfProds
Shell.NumOfProds
Tube.NumOfProds

MergedFeed
Shell.MergedFeed
Tube. MergedFeed

MergedProduct
Shell. MergedProd
Tube. MergedProd

FeedData
Shell.OFeedStream
Tube.OFeedStream
Shell.FeedStreams
Tube.FeedStreams

ProductData
Shell.OProdStream
Tube.OProdStream
Shell.ProdStreams
Tube.ProdStreams

TubeLen Tube.Length TubeLength
TubePressDropCalc Tube.PressureDrop PresDrop
TubeFoulFct
TubeDens Tube.MetalDensity
TubeThck Tube.Thickness
TubeFilmCoeff Tube.FilmCoeff
TubeFoul Tube.FoulRes Tube.FoulRes CurrFoulingResistance
TubeTempOut Tube.Tx Tube.OutletTemperature ProdTemp
ShellTempOut Shell.Tx Shell.OutletTemperature ProdTemp
TubeID Tube.InsideDiameter TubeId
TubeOD Tube.OutsideDiameter TubeOd
ShellID Shell.InsideDiameter
ShellFoulFct
SIM4ME 136
Common Parameters
ShellPressDropCalc Shell.PressureDrop PresDrop
ShellFoul Shell.FoulRes Shell.FoulRes CurrFoulingResistance
Shell.h
Tube.h

Shell.Wref
Tube.Wref

Shell.Href
Tube.Href

Shell.Ti
Tube.Ti
Shell.InletTemperature
Tube.InletTemperature
Shell.Hi, Shell.Hx
Tube.Hi, Tube.Hx
Tube.OutletSpecificEnthalpy
Shell.InletSpecificEnthalpy
Shell.OutletSpecificEnthalpy
Tube.InletSpecificEnthalpy

Shell.Zi, Shell.Zx
Tube.Zi, Tube.Zx
Shell.InletCompMoleFractio
n
Shell.OutletCompMoleFracti
on
Tube.InletCompMoleFractio
n
Tube.OutletCompMoleFracti
on

Shell.MT
Tube.MT
Shell.TotalMoles
Tube.TotalMoles

Shell.M
Tube.M
Shell.CompMolesState
Tube.CompMolesState

ShellEmptyWt Shell.Mm Shell.MetalMass
Tube.Mm
Shell.J
Tube.J
Shell.FlowConductance
Tube.FlowConductance

Shell.Vol
Tube.Vol
Shell.Volume
Tube.Volume

SIM4ME 137

Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to PRO/II Layer

Tube/Shell side heat transfer coefficient

If HS calculated values, for Shell/Tube heat transfer coefficient is zero or less than zero then
these are calculated as
) ( ) (
) (
1
) (
1 1
s FR t FR
s HTC t HTC U
+ + + =

Assume HTC(t) = HTC(s)

)) ( ) ( ( * 1 (
2 *
s FR t FR U
U
HTC
+
=

HTC(S) Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient
FR(s) Shell Foul Resistance

where:

HTC(t) Tube side Heat Transfer Coefficient
FR(t) Tube Foul Resistance
U Overall Heat Transfer resistance
In the common data model the SimpleHx in PROII is retained as is and the following parameters
are calculated.

Volume of nodes

TubeLen TubeID ells NumOfSerSh ells NumOfParSh NumOfTubes TubeVolume =
2
) (
) ( ) (
2
TubeLen ShellID ells NumOfSerSh ells NumOfParSh e ShellVolum =

Total Moles

Mw
y MassDensit Vol
MT
=

Flow Conductance
x i
x x i f
f
x i
f
f f
f
R R
R MW R MW
MW
R R
R
MW R P
MW F
J
+
+
=
+
=

=
2

SIM4ME 138
where:
Fi - Inlet mole flow rate in (kg-mol/sec)
J - Flow conductance in (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa kg/m3)
MWf - Forward molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
MWi - Inlet node fluid molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
MWx - Exit node fluid molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
Rf - Forward molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
Ri - Inlet node fluid molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
Rx - Exit node fluid molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
P - Pressure difference across the side in (kPa)

Metal Mass

Based on the volume of side and density of 7760 kg/m3 we can calculate the metal mass.

( ) 0 . 1000 ,
) (
calculated Tube
Tube
Mm MAX Mm
Wt TubeBundle ells NumOfSerSh ells NumOfParSh Mm
=
=


In TL layer the U and Area will always be available.

Heat Transfer Coefficient

Assume equal heat transfer coefficients for each side. In Dynsim,

( )
( ) ( )
=
+ + +
=
+ =
=
+ =
s Foul
U
LMTD Area
Q TotalDuty
T T T T
T T T
Area U
LMTD Area U
Q Q TotalDuty
n
side out in side out in
avg
avg out in
n
n
n
Re * 0 . 2
1
0 . 2
*
0 . 4
* 0 . 2
0 . 2
*
* *
2 1
h
U
T
Q
Q

In above equations, Q
n
can be calculated using Dynsims default value for U
n
and hence h.

SIM4ME 139


Number of Tube in Cross Flow Area

/pp 2(lc/Ds)] - [1
where:
Lc/Ds - Baffle Cut (fraction)
pp - Parallel Pitch

Number of Effective Cross-Flow rows in each window

0.8lc/pp
where:
Lc :- Baffle Cut (m)

Cross Flow Area

) 1) 0.70710678 * TubePitch (
TubeOd) - TubePitch ( * TubeOd) - (TubeOtl TubeOtl - (ShellDia * BaffleSpc +

where:
TubeOtl - Outer Tube Limit

Parallel Pitch
1 0.70710678 * TubePitch
Normal Pitch
1 0.70710678 * TubePitch

Shell Diameter
InPar) (NumShells * ter ShellDiame

Number of Tubes
nPar NumShellsI * NumofTubes

Tube Window Area

8
TubeOd * TubeOd * 3.14 * ossFlow)) fTubesInCr (FractionO - (1 * bes NumberOfTu

Flow Window Area
Gross Window Area Tube Window Area

SIM4ME 140
Window Equivalent Diameter

) BaffleCut) * 2 - (1 * 2 * ShellDia TubeOd * ssFlow) TubesInCro FractionOf - (1 * bes NumberOfTu * (1.57
Area FlowWindow * 4
+

Tube to Baffle LeakageArea

ssFlow) TubesInCro FractionOf (1 * NumofTubes * TubeOd * 4 - 6.223e +
SIM4ME 141

Shortcut Column

This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS Shortcut Column
translation to a PRO/II Shortcut distillation column.

Base PRO/II Model Shortcut Distillation Column


PRO/II contains shortcut distillation calculation methods for determining column conditions such
as separations, minimum trays, and minimum reflux ratios. The shortcut method assumes that an
average relative volatility may be defined for the column. The Fenske method is used to compute
the separations and minimum number of trays required. The minimum reflux ratio is determined
by the Underwood method. The Gilliland method is used to calculate the number of theoretical
trays required and the actual reflux rates and condenser and reboiler duties for a given set of
actual to minimum reflux ratios. Finally, the Kirkbride method is used to determine the optimum
feed location.

The shortcut distillation model is a useful tool for preliminary design when properly applied.
Shortcut methods will not, however, work for all systems. For highly non-ideal systems, shortcut
methods may give very poor results or no results at all. In particular, for columns in which the
relative volatilities vary greatly, shortcut methods will give poor results since both the Fenske
and Underwood methods assume that one average relative volatility may be used for calculations
for each component.

There are two shortcut distillation models available in PRO/II. In the first method
(CONVENTIONAL), which is the default, total reflux conditions exists in the column. In the
second method (REFINE), the shortcut column consists of a series of one feed, two product
columns, starting with the bottom section. In this model, there is no reflux between the sections.

Parameters

Shortcut Column Parameter UOM Description
CondTempCalc K Condenser Temperature
MinNumOfTraysCalc Minimum Number of Trays
MinRefluxRatioCalc Minimum reflux ratio
NumOfTrays Number of trays
CondenserDuty KJ/sec Condenser Duty
FeedStageLocation Feed Stage Location
PressureOrDP Pressure Or DP Spec Flag
ProdRateCalc Kg-mol/sec Product Rate
ReboilerDuty KJ/sec Reboiler Duty
RefluxRatio Reflux Ratio
PressureFlag Pressure Flag
ProductStoreData Product type ( Vap/Liq/Mixed )
LiquidPhaseFlag Liquid Phase Flag
FenskeIndxCalc Fenske Index
HeavyKeyCompCalc fraction Heavy Key Composition
SIM4ME 142
Shortcut Column Parameter UOM Description
LightKeyCompCalc fraction Light Key Composition
NumOfSpecifications Num Of Specifications
CondenserType Condenser Type
~COMPSLATE Component Slate
MethodData Method Slate
FeedData Feed Stream
ProductData Product Stream
SpecData Specification Name

Equivalent Hysys Model Shortcut Column


HYSYS Shortcut Column performs Frenske-Underwood shortcut calculations for simple
refluxed towers. The Frenske minimum number of trays and the underwood minimum reflux are
calculated. A specified reflux ratio can then be used to calculate the flow rates of vapor and liquid
in the enriching and stripping sections, duty of condenser and reboiler, number of ideal trays and
location of optimum feed.

Parameters

Parameter/Variable UOM Description
CondenserDuty KJ/sec Condenser Duty
CondenserPressure KPa Condenser Pressure
CondenserTemperature K Condenser Temperature
ReboilerDuty KJ/sec Reboiler Duty
ReboilerPressure KPa Reboiler Pressure
ReboilerTemperature K Reboiler Temperature
ExternalReflux External Reflux
HeavyKeySpec Fraction Heavy Key Spec
LightKeySpec Fraction Light Key Spec
MinimumNumberOfTrays Minimum Number Of Trays
ActualNumberOfTrays Actual Number Of Trays
MinimumReflux Minimum Reflux Ratio
OptimalFeed Optimal Feed Location
OverHeadVapourFrac Fraction Over Head Vapor Fraction
Bottoms Bottom Product Stream
Condenser Condenser Name
FluidPkg Fluid package
HeavyKeyIndex Heavy Key Component
LightKeyIndex Light Key Component
OverHead Overhead Product Stream
Reboiler Reboiler Name
Feed Feed Stream

SIM4ME 143

ProII Shortcut
Column Parameters
Hysys Shortcut Column
Parameters

TL Slate Change
Parameter
CondTempCalc CondenserTemperature CondTempCalc
MinNumOfTraysCalc MinNumOfTraysCalc MinimumNumberOfTrays
MinRefluxRatioCalc MinimumReflux
MinRefluxRatioCalc
NumOfTrays ActualNumberOfTrays
NumOfTrays
CondenserDuty CondenserDuty
CondenserDuty
FeedStageLocation
FeedStageLocation
OptimalFeed
PressureOrDP
PressureOrDP

ProdRateCalc
ProdRateCalc

ReboilerDuty
ReboilerDuty
ReboilerDuty
RefluxRatio
RefluxRatio
ExternalReflux/MinimumReflux
PressureFlag PressureFlag
ProductStoreData ProductStoreData
LiquidPhaseFlag LiquidPhaseFlag
FenskeIndxCalc
FenskeIndxCalc

HeavyKeyCompCalc
HeavyKeyCompCalc
HeavyKeySpec
LightKeyCompCalc
LightKeyCompCalc
LightKeySpec
NumOfSpecifications
NumOfSpecifications

CondenserType
CondenserType

~COMPSLATE
COMPSLATE
MethodData
MethodSlate
FluidPkg
FeedData
FeedData
Feed
ProductData
ProductData
OverHead, Bottoms
SpecData
SpecData

SIM4ME 144
Simple Heat Exchanger
Parameter

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Simple Heat Exchanger
translation to the Dynsim Heat Exchanger or Utility Exchanger and a ROMeo Heat Exchanger. It
also describes the HYSYS Heater/Cooler translation to a PRO/II Simple Heat Excahnger.

Base PRO/II Model


Simple heat exchanger could be two sided or one sided (Utility exchanger). Each side could have
one or more feed and one or more product.

Parameters

UOM Description
CurrentFeeds
CurrentProducts
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream.
MergedProduct
stream. This is an internal product stream
that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
FeedData
feed streams.
ProductData
product streams.
FirstFeed
Index into FeedData locating first feed to
each side
LastFeed
Index into FeedData locating last feed to
each side
FirstProduct
Index into ProductData locating first
LastProduct
Index into ProductData locating last
ProductStoreData
Phase specifications for product stream
(Mixed, Vapor, Liquid)
PseudoProdData
pseudo product streams (attached to
column).
CoCounterFlag
Cocurrent / Countercurrent flag (Cocurrent
mode, Countercurrent mode)
UtilitySideFlag
Utility flag (No Utility, Hot side utility,
Cold side utility)
UtilityFluidFlag Utility fluid type (None, Water, Air,
Steam, Refrigerant, Heating Medium, Oil,
SIM4ME 145

Gas)
NumberOfShellPass Number of shell side passes
NumberOfTubePass Number of tube side passes
AttachedSideFlag Attached side (not attached, hot side
attached to column, cold side attached to
column)
AttachedTypeFlag Attached type (not attached, condenser,
reboiler, pump-around heater /cooler, side
heater / cooler)
HxSides Flag to designate which sides are present
(hot side & utility on cold side, cold side &
utility on hot side, both sides)
ColuHeaterName Attached column heater name
ColuPAName Attached column pump-around name
DutyCalc kJ/sec Duty
HociCalc K (TDIFF) Hot out cold in temperature difference
HicoCalc K (TDIFF) Hot in cold out temperature difference
HocoCalc Hot out cold out temperature difference K (TDIFF)
MiniCalc Minimum of HOCI or HICO K (TDIFF)
HotProdTempCalc Hot product temperature K
ColdProdTempCalc K Cold product temperature
UaCalc kW/K Value of exchanger U*A
UvalueCalc kW/ m
2
AreaCalc Heat transfer area m
2
LmtdFactorCalc LMTD factor
LmtdCalc K Log mean temperature difference
HotPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop on hot side
ColdPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop on cold side
UtilityTempCalc K Utility temperature in or saturation
temperature
UtilityPresCalc kPa Utility saturation pressure
UtilityTempOutCalc K Outlet temperature of utility
UtilityHeatValue Utility Cp or heat value
UtilityFlowRate kg-mol/sec Utility flow rate
AttachedFeedRate kg-mol/sec Feed rate to attached heater or cooler on a
column
SpecTypeFlag 15 - U and A values specified separately
0 to 14 - U and A values not specified
separately
ColdDewCalc K Cold Side Dew Point
ColdBubbleCalc K Cold Side Bubble Point
ColdDeltaTempCalc K Cold Side Temperature Change
HotDewCalc K Hot Side Dew Point
HotBubbleCalc K Hot Side Bubble Point
HotDeltaTempCalc K Hot Side Temperature Change

SIM4ME 146
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models : Header Heat Exchanger Utility
Exchanger - Drum


The Heat exchanger and Utility exchanger are single pass, two-sided heat exchanger that uses the
LMTD approach. In the Utility exchanger, utility fluid passes through one of the sides. Both sides
of Heat exchanger and process side of Utility exchanger are flow devices.

There are four nodes with each side containing two nodes (inlet and exit nodes). The heat transfer
across the sides is due to the heat duty based on LMTD across these nodes and to natural
convection.


Description

Parameters


Exchanger Parameter UOM
U kW/ m
2
Un kW/ Natural convection heat transfer coefficient m
2
-K
Area m
2
Total heat transfer area
CocurrentFlag 0 Countercurrent, 1 Cocurrent

Side (Heat & Utility)
Ul kW/ m
2
-K Ambient loss heat transfer coefficient
Wref kg/sec Reference mass flow rate for heat transfer
href kW/ m
2
-K Heat transfer coefficient at reference mass flow
FoulRes m
2
-K/kW Fouling resistance
Mm kg Metal mass

Description
HeatSide
HeatSide Parameter UOM
Vol m
3
Fluid volume of the side
3
) Flow conductance

UtilitySide
UtilitySide Parameter UOM Description
Cpf kJ/kg-K Fluid mass specific heat (required for OTHER
option, set for AIR & WATER options, not
used for CONST_T & HEATSTREAM
options)
Mf kg Utility fluid mass holdup (required for OTHER
option)
SIM4ME 147

Jnc kg/sec-K Temperature driven air flow conductance
Tin K Utility inlet temeperature
UtilityOption Options are: WATER, AIR, OTHER,
CONST_T & HEATSTREAM
Hliq KW/m
2
-K Liquid heat transfer coefficient (used for
HEATSTREAM option only)
Hvap KW/m
2
-K Vapor heat transfer coefficient (used for
HEATSTREAM option only)
Wmax kg/sec Maximum utility fluid flow rate


LMTD K Log mean temperature difference
Q kJ/sec LMTD duty
Qn kJ/sec Natural convection duty

Description
Side (Heat / Utility)
Side Parameter UOM
Ti K Inlet node temperature
Tx K Outlet node temperature

Description
HeatSide
HeatSide Parameter UOM
Hi kJ/kg-mol Inlet node enthalpy
Hx kJ/kg-mol Outlet node enthalpy
Zi fraction Inlet node composition
Zx fraction Outlet node composition
MT kg-mol Total mole hold-up

UtilitySide
W kg Utility mass flow rate



The Heat Exchanger models the heating or cooling of a stream to meet a given specification. The
heat exchanger unit can have one or two sides.

One-sided units exchange energy between a process stream and a theoretically infinite
source or sink

Two-sided units exchange heat between two process streams or exchange heat between a
process stream and a utility stream.

SIM4ME 148
For a one-sided heat exchanger, the operating specification is either the duty or an outlet
stream condition. The outlet stream condition can be the temperature, the liquid fraction,
or it can be related to the dew or bubble point temperature of the stream.

A two-sided heat exchanger transfers heat between two feed streams, adjusting the duty
to satisfy the operating specification. You must specify one operating specification for
the heat exchanger and, optionally, the pressure drop for each side of the heat exchanger.

The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger unit operation models one and two-sided heat exchangers
without zones analysis.

The following assumptions apply to the heat exchanger

The LMTD calculations assume that no phase change takes place (i.e. only sensible heat
is exchanged).

The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger model has one feed stream for each side. If multiple feed
streams are required, you must combine the streams using a Mixer unit operation before the heat
exchanger.

One product stream for each side

The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger model has just one product stream for each side. If you
require multiple product streams, you must divide the stream using a Splitter unit operation after
the exchanger. If you need to separate product phases, add a Flash unit operation after the heat
exchanger.

Single or mixed phase allowed

Both hot-side and cold-side streams can be either single or mixed phase.
Utility feed streams must be defined as product streams from Source unit operations

Temperature specifications
The following are the user input requirements
For heat exchangers already on the flowsheet, you can change these specifications by
right-clicking on the unit icon for a menu of options.

The product stream temperature can also be specified in relation to the dew or bubble point
temperature.

You must specify the configuration of the exchanger as one or two-sided and specify the
hot side as either tube or shell side.

The hot side loses energy (duty is negative) and the cold side gains energy (duty is
positive). The heat exchanger will generate a warning if the sides are not correctly
specified, but the solution will still be correct. However, ROMeo does not automatically
switch sides even when the cold side has a higher temperature. Correct steam assignment
is the responsibility of the user.
SIM4ME 149

Parameters

SingleSidedSpec 0 for two sides and 1 for single side
ForceLMTDCalc default - 0
BypassHX default - 0
LMTDFlag default 0 ; 1 for checking Always calculate LMTD
LMTDVar LMTD value
ConfigMode [ConfigModes] - Simple, Performance
FlowDir [FlowDirs] - CounterCurrent, CoCurrent
HotSide [Sides] - Shell, Tube
ColdSide [Sides] - Shell, Tube
CurrSpec [Specs] - HICO, HOCI, HOCO, U
OverallConfig Shell, Tube, Two-Sided
HeatLoss kJ/sec
HOCO K HOCO Temperature Approach
HICO K HICO Temperature Approach
HOCI K HOCI Temperature Approach
U kJ/m
2
-K Heat Transfer Coefficient
Area m
2
Area of exchanger
UArea kJ/K U*Area
CorrFacVar
CorrectionFactor

Sub Model
Shell Parameter UOM Description
Pres kPa
PresDrop kPa
Duty kJ/sec Duty
DewPtPlus K Dew Point Plus
BubPtMinus K Bubble Point Minus
TempChange K Temperature Change (increase/decrease)
ProdTemp K Product Temperature
ProdVapFrac fraction Product Vapor Fraction

Tube Parameter
Pres kPa
PresDrop kPa
Duty kJ/sec Duty
DewPtPlus K Dew Point Plus
BubPtMinus K Bubble Point Minus
TempChange K Temperature Change (increase/decrease)
ProdTemp K Product Temperature
ProdVapFrac fraction Product Vapor Fraction

LMTD
DeltaTemp1 K
DeltaTemp2 K
DeltaTempHi K
SIM4ME 150
DeltaTempLo K
DeltaTempHi2 K
TempRatio
LMTD LMTD

CorrFact
CorrFactPrime
RVar
SVar
SPrime
CorrFact fraction CorrFact
RTemp

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Heater/Cooler


Heater and Cooler operations in HYSYS are translated as a single sided exchanger in PRO/II.
These models have a process feed stream, a product stream, and a heat stream connected to the
energy port.

Heater and Cooler can have the specifications: Duty, Product temperature, etc. If the
Heater/Cooler is specified with other than Duty, then it is mapped to product temperature.

Type
Parameters

Parameter/Variable Description
FluidPackage.ParentFlowS
heet.AttachmentName
String Methodslate/Compslate
HeatFlow Float Heat through energy stream
PressureDrop Float Pressure Drop
HeatModelManager.HeatM
odel.DutyVariable
Float If duty is calculated from specification
FeedStream ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Attachment
Name
StringA
rray
Feed Streams
ProdStream ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Attachme
ntName
StringA
rray
Product Streams

SIM4ME 151

Common Data Base Structure SimpleHX

Units of Measure

Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in P2Internal units

Parameters
NumOfFeeds
NumOfProds
CoCounterFlag Flow Direction Flag
HeatDuty KJ/sec Duty
Hoci K HOCI Temperature Approach
Hico K HICO Temperature Approach
Hoco K HOCO Temperature Approach
MinHociHico K Minimum HOCI/HICO
UAValue KW/K U * A
UOverall KW/m2-
K
U
Area m2 Area
LMTDFactor LMTD Correction Factor
LMTD LMTD Value
SpecTypeFlag Specification Type Flag
HxSides Two-Sided/Single Sided (Hot/Cold) param

Shell & Tube side parameters
Parameter/Variable UOM Description
Tube.PressureDrop KPa Pressure Drop
Shell.PressureDrop KPa Pressure Drop
Tube.ProdTemperature K Tube Product Temperature
Shell.ProdTemperature K Shell Product Temperature
Shell.FeedTemperature K Shell Feed Temperature
Tube.FeedTemperature K Tube Feed Temperature
Shell.FeedStreams
Tube.FeedStreams

Shell.ProdStreams
Tube.ProdStreams

ProII Parameter TL Parameter Dynsim Parameters ROMeo Parameters
Common Parameters
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds NumOfFeeds
CurrentProducts NumOfProds NumOfProds
ProductStoreData
CoCounterFlag CoCounterFlag CocurrentFlag FlowDir
DutyCalc HeatDuty
Qn
Q
HociCalc Hoci HOCI
HicoCalc Hico HICO
SIM4ME 152
HocoCalc Hoco HOCO
MiniCalc MinHociHico
UaCalc UAValue UArea
UvalueCalc UOverall U
U
Un
AreaCalc Area Area Area
LmtdFactorCalc LMTDFactor CorrFact
LmtdCalc LMTD LMTD LMTD
UtilitySideFlag
SpecTypeFlag SpecTypeFlag
Utility side parameters
UtilityFluidFlag Utility.UtilityOpt
ion
Utility.UtilityOption
UtilityTempCalc Utility.InletTemp
erature
Utility.Tin
UtilityPresCalc Utility.InletPress
ure

UtilityTempOutCa
lc
Utility.OutletTem
perature
Utility.Tx
UtilityHeatValue Utility.SpecificH
eat
Utility.Cpf
UtilityFlowRate Utility.MassFlow Utility.W
Utility.Mf
Utility.Wmax
Utility.Pos
Utility.Hliq
Utility.Hvap
Utility.Jnc
AttachedFeedRate
AttachedSideFlag
AttachedTypeFlag
HxSides HxSides
ColuHeaterName
ColuPAName
Shell & Tube side parameters (UtilitySideFlag =0)
HotPressDropCalc Tube.PressureDr
op

ColdPressDropCal
c
Shell.PressureDr
op

HotProdTempCalc Tube.ProdTempe
rature
Tube.Tx
ColdProdTempCal
c
Shell.ProdTempe
rature
Shell.Tx
Shell.FeedTempe
rature
Tube.Ti
Tube.FeedTempe
rature
Tube.Tx
SIM4ME 153

Tube.FlowCondu
ctance
Tube.J
Shell.FlowCondu
ctance
Shell.J
Tube.MassFlow Tube.Wref
Shell.MassFlow Shell.Wref
Tube.TotalMoles Tube.MT
Shell.TotalMoles Shell.MT
FeedData Shell.FeedStream
s
Tube.FeedStream
s
Shell.OFeedStream
Tube.OFeedStream

ProductData Shell.ProdStream
s
Tube.ProdStream
s
Shell.OProdStream
Tube.OProdStream

MergedFeed Shell.MergedFee
d
Tube.MergedFee
d

MergedProduct Shell.MergedPro
d
Tube.MergedPro
d

Tube.Volume
Shell.Volume
Tube.Vol
Shell.Vol

Tube.Ul
Shell.Ul

Tube.Mm
Shell.Mm

Tube.FoulRes
Shell.FoulRes

Tube.Href
Shell.Href

Process side parameters (UtilitySideFlag = 1 or 2)
ColdPressDropCal
c
Process.Pressure
Drop
(UtilitySideFlag=
1)

HotPressDropCalc Process.Pressure
Drop
(UtilitySideFlag=
2)
Process.Volume Process.Vol
Process.Ul
Process.Mm
Process.FoulRes
Process.Href
FeedData Process.FeedStre Process.OFeedStream
SIM4ME 154
ams
ProductData Process.ProdStre
ams
Process.OProdStream
HotProdTempCalc Process.ProdTem
perature
(UtilitySideFlag=
1)
Process.Tx
ColdProdTempCal
c
Process.ProdTem
perature
(UtilitySideFlag=
w)
Process.Tx
Process.FeedTem
perature
Process.Ti
Process.FlowCon
ductance
Process.J
Process.MassFlo
w
Process.Wref
Process.TotalMol
es
Process.MT
ColdDewCalc Process.Dew Side{Shell}.v_DewPtPlus
ColdBubbleCalc Process.Bubble Side{Shell}.v_BubPtMinus

HotDewCalc Process.Dew Side{Tube}.v_DewPtPlus
HotBubbleCalc Process.Bubble Side{Tube}.v_BubPtMinus


In the common data model the SimpleHx in PRO/II is retained as is and the following parameters
are calculated.

U /Area

If U
overall
or Area is also available then the other could be calculated otherwise a value of U
overall

(0.284 kW/m
2
-K == 50 Btu/hr-ft
2
-F) will be assumed and Area will be calculated.

UOverall UAValue Area / =

Volume of nodes

Assume equal volumes for each side. The tube-side volume can be calculated from following
equation (Plantwide Dynamic Simulators in Chemical Processing and Control, W. L. Luyben,
p.16)

Area
D
V *
4
=

SIM4ME 155

The pipe diameter can be fixed by selecting a standard pipe size. We will use a pipe with NPS
and pipe schedule of 40 which has

113 . 0
" 824 . 0
" 05 . 1
=
=
=
Thickness
ID
OD

Total Moles

Mw
y MassDensit Vol
MT
=

Flow Conductance

x i
x x i f
f
x i
f
f f
f
R R
R MW R MW
MW
R R
R
MW R P
MW F
J
+
+
=
+
=

=
2

SIM4ME 156

In TL layer the Total Duty and U
overall
*Area will always be available.

Heat Transfer Coefficient

Assume equal heat transfer coefficients for each side. In Dynsim,
( )
( ) ( )
=
+ + +
=
+ =
=
+ =
s Foul
U
h
LMTD Area
Q TotalDuty
U
T T T T
T
T T T
Area U
Q
LMTD Area U Q
Q Q TotalDuty
n
side out in side out in
avg
avg out in
n
n
n
Re * 0 . 2
1
0 . 2
*
0 . 4
* 0 . 2
0 . 2
*
* *
2 1

In above equations, Q
n
can be calculated using Dynsims default value for U
n
and hence h.

Metal Mass
Based on the volume of side and density of 7760 kg/m
3
we can calculate the metal mass.

Density Thickness Area Mm
calculated
* * =

Utility Maximum Flow

Pos W WMax / =

tility Fluid Mass

U

5 * W Mf =
SIM4ME 157

Spec, Vary and Define

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO II Spec, Vary, and Define
utilities translation to the equivalent ROMeo model. Spec and Vary of controller and MVC and
internal spec and vary of column are supported while those from Optimizer, Calculator and
Stream Calculator are not supported.

Base Pro II Model

Introduction and Usage

Specification

The generalized performance specification is a powerful tool with which you can calculate the
values for flowsheet operating conditions needed for a desired result. The performance of any
unit operation can be controlled by a specification using a controller or MVC. Additionally, for
unit operations like the flash, column and splitter the performance can be controlled by internal
specifications.

PRO/II allows numerous stream and unit operation parameters to be selected for specifications.
All specifications may simply set a flowsheet parameter at a specified value.

Optionally, the specification can be entered as a mathematical expression (sum, difference,
product or quotient) between two flowsheet parameters. This is useful when you want to fix the
result of a relationship between parameters within the same unit or across different units.

Variable

The generalized variable parameters are those which can be explicitly varied in order to satisfy
the specifications set in unit operations such as controller, MVC and column. There is always a
one-to-one relationship between the number of specifications and degrees of freedom (number of
parameters that can be varied to achieve the desired result).

Define

Unit operation parameters are normally given fixed numeric values. The Define system provides
an alternative method of setting a unit operation parameter in terms of other unit or stream
parameters in the flowsheet. The defined parameter may be set equal to another flowsheet
parameter or it may be the sum, difference, product or quotient of any two flowsheet parameters
or constants. The parameters on which the defined parameter is based are called Reference
Parameters. If the values of the reference parameters change, the defined parameter will
automatically be changed as well.

Parameters

The syntax for Define and Spec in PRO/II is

Defined Variable = Primary + math operator + Reference
Spec Value = Primary + math operator + Reference

SIM4ME 158
where allowed math operators are +, -, / and *.

In both cases, Reference could be a variable or a constant and it is optional. In case of Define,
Primary could be a variable or a constant while in case of Spec, Primary is always a variable.
Spec parameters are subset of define parameters so, only additional define parameters are
mentioned after the table of Spec parameters.

Spec Parameter Description
AbsTol Absolute tolerance (not used so far)
RelTol Relative tolerance (not used so far)
PriValue Value of Primary
RefVal Value of Reference
SpecValueCalc Specification value
OperatorCode
Math operator (1= '+' operator, 2='-' operator, 3='/' operator,
4='*' operator)
OriginUnitType PRO/II unit code for origin unit
PriUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to which primary variable belongs
RefUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to reference variable belongs
PriBasisFlag
Basis for primary (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. Vol. basis,
4=gas vol. basis)
RefBasisFlag Basis for reference variable
PriColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for primary
RefColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for reference
PriParameterClass
Parameter class for primary (0=undefined, 1=stream related,
2=total feed to unit, 3=column tray internal flow, 4=unit op,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reaction, 9=tag)
RefParameterClass Parameter class for reference
PriPhaseFlag
Phase flag for primary (0=mixed, 1=vapor, 2=total liquid,
3=m.w. solids, 4=n.m.w comp, 12=liquid 1, 22=liquid 2)
RefPhaseFlag Phase flag for reference
PriStreamProperty1
Stream property for primary (201-temperature, 202-pressure,
211-rate, 212-enthalpy, 225-liquidfrac, 219-vaporfraction)
RefStreamProperty1 Stream property for reference
PriValueTypeFlag
Value type for primary (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
4=parts per million (ppm))
RefValueTypeFlag Value type for reference
PriVectorVatEntry Index of Primary variable, if vector
RefVectorVatEntry Index of Reference variable, if vector
PriWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
RefWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag
ToleranceFlag 1=absolute value, 2=relative value, 3=percent
ToleranceType 1=pressure, 2=temperature, 3=duty, 4=miscellaneous
TypeOfInfomation 1=spec, 2=define, 3=vary, 4=change,5=objective, 6=constraint
OriginUnitID Unit ID of unit of origin
PriBegCompID Component ID of beginning component (primary)
RefBegCompID Component ID of beginning component (reference)
PriEndCompID Component ID of ending component (primary)
SIM4ME 159

Spec Parameter Description
RefEndCompID Component ID of ending component (reference)
PriStreamID Stream ID for primary
RefStreamID Stream ID for reference
PriUnitID Unit ID for primary
RefUnitID Unit ID for reference
PriVatEntryNumber Primary variable name
RefVatEntryNumber Reference variable name
PriVectorVatName String element of Primary vector variable
RefVectorVatName String element of Reference vector variable
PriDimenUnit UOM for primary
RefDimenUnit UOM for reference
IsSupported
Flag to indicate whether it should be translated further (0 no, 1
yes)

Additional Define
Parameter
Description
DefEstimate Estimate for define variable (not used so far)
DefBasisFlag
Basis for define (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. vol. basis,
4=gas vol. basis)
DefParameterClass
Parameter class for define (0=undefined, 1=stream related,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reaction, 9=tag)
DefValueTypeFlag
Value type for define (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
DefVectorVatEntry Index of Define variable, if vector
DefWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
DefInternalStreamID Stream ID of internal stream
DefUnitID Unit ID of unit of define variable
DefVatEntryNumber Define variable name
DefVectorVatName String element of Define vector variable
DefDimenUnit UOM for define

Vary Parameter Description
AbsPerturbSize Absolute perturbation size (not used so far)
RelPerturbSize Relative perturbation size (not used so far)
PerturbFactor Perturbation factor (not used so far)
MaxStepSize Maximum step size (not used so far)
MaxValueCalc Maximum value of range for variation
MinValueCalc Minimum value of range for variation
MinMaxFlag 0=not mini/maxi, 1=mini, 2=maxi, 3=mini and maxi
OriginUnitType PRO/II unit code for origin unit
VarUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to which variable belongs
VarBasisFlag
Basis for variable (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. vol. basis,
4=gas vol. basis)
VarColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for variable
SIM4ME 160
VarParameterClass
Parameter class for variable (0=undefined, 1=stream related,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reacton, 9=tag)
VarStreamProperty1
Stream property for variable (201-temperature, 202-pressure,
211-rate, 212-enthalpy, 225-liquidfrac, 219-vaporfraction)
VarValueTypeFlag
Value type for variable (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
VarVectorVatEntry Index of variable, if vector
VarWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
TypeOfInfomation 1=spec, 2=define, 3=vary, 4=change,5=objective, 6=constraint
OriginUnitID Unit ID of unit of origin
VarInternalStreamID Stream ID of internal stream
VarStreamID Stream ID for variable
VarUnitID Unit ID for variable
VarVatEntryNumber Variable name
VarVectorVatName String element of vector variable
VarDimenUnit UOM for variable
IsSupported
Flag to indicate whether it should be translated further (0 no, 1
yes)


There is no equivalent Dynsim model. Spec, Vary and Define used in PRO/II flowsheet is
ignored during translation to Dynsim.

Equivalent ROMeo Model Flowsheet Customization


All Spec, Vary and Define given in a PRO/II flowsheet are translated into a single flowsheet
customization in ROMeo database where the variable(s) is either set as independent or dependent
or set up in an equation form.

PRO/II allows user to vary flowrates of recycle loop streams via controller. In ROMeo, it is
not possible to do this using customization because the recycle stream flow variable is a
Parameters
Parameter
dependent variable. This leads to a customization error during translation. User should modify
the translated flowsheet appropriately.

RM holders has following parameters, which are used to facilitate the translation.

Description
IsFixFreeEqn 1-fix, 2- free, 3-equation
IsEqnRHSValue 0- string,1-value,2-both
IsTranslate 0-dont translate, 1- translate
IsValueFirst 0-string first, 1- value first
SIM4ME 161

Parameter

Description
IsCompSpec Flag to indicate whether its a component spec
FixValue Value for independent variable
EqnRHSValue RHS value of equation
FreeVarMax Upper bound for dependent variable
FreeVarMin Lower bound for dependent variable
DepAttrName Define variable name
DepUnitName Name of unit to which define variable belongs
EqnString Equation string
FreeVarAttrName Dependent variable name
FreeVarUnitName Name of unit to which dependent variable belongs
FixVarAttrName Independent variable name
FixVarUnitName Name of unit to which independent variable belongs
EqnStrUOMClass UOM class for equation string
EqnStrUOMUnit UOM unit for equation string
EqnValUOMClass UOM class for equation value
EqnValUOMUnit UOM unit for equation value
FixVarUOMClass UOM class for independent variable
FixVarUOMUnit UOM unit for independent variable
FreeVarUOMClass UOM class for dependent variable
FreeVarUOMUnit UOM unit for dependent variable

Equivalent Hysys Model SetOp and Adjust

Introduction and Usage

HYSYS has two models that perform similar operations to the PRO/II SPEC, VARY, DEFINE
functionality namely, SetOp Unit and Adjust Unit.

SetOp Unit

The SetOp unit transfers information between flowsheet objects using a generalized form of:

Parameter
SET <Target> AS <Multiplier> * <Source> + <Offset>

<Target> and <Source> can be attributes of a Unit Operation, Process stream, or Energy stream.
<Multiplier> and <Offset> are constant values.

Parameters - SetOp

Description
TargetObject The name of the Target object.
TargetObjectType The type of the Target object e.g. EnergyStreamObject,
MaterialStreamObject, ExpanderOpObject etc.
TargetVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of both the Target and
Source objects. For example, Temperature, Power, and Duty.
Note that there is no equivalent for the Source object the
TargetVarDescription applies to both.
SourceObject The name of the Source object.
SIM4ME 162
SourceObjectType The type of the Source object. For example,
EnergyStreamObject, MaterialStreamObject,
ExpanderOpObject.
Multiplier The value of the constant multiplier
Offset The value of the constant offset.

Adjust Unit

The Adjust unit performs the equivalent of a Controller in PRO/II. It can adjust an operating
parameter in the flowsheet to achieve a desired value for a specified calculated result.

Parameters - Adjust

AdjustedObject The name of the Adjusted object.
AdjustedObjectType The type of the Adjusted object. For example,
ExpanderOpObject.
AdjustedVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of the Adjusted object.
For example, Temperature, Power, Duty.
MinAdjustedVariable The minimum allowable value of the Adjusted variable (not
currently used)
MaxAdjustedVariable The maximum allowable value of the Adjusted variable (not
currently used)
MaxIterations Maximum number of iterations (not currently used)
StepSize Maximum allowable step size (not currently used)

The target specification can take two alternative forms:

<TargetVariable> = <Value> +/- <Tolerance>
Or
<TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> = <Offset> +/- <Tolerance>

Parameters - Target

TargetObject The name of the Target object
TargetObjectType The type of the Target object. For example,
ExpanderOpObject.
TargetVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of both the Target and
Matching objects. For example, Temperature, Power, and
Duty.
Note that there is no equivalent for the Matching object the
TargetVarDescription applies to both.
NewSourceSelection Text variable which determines the form of the specification:
User Supplied for <TargetVariable> = <Value>
Otherwise for <TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> =
<Offset>
SIM4ME 163

MatchingObject The name of the Matching object
MatchingObjectType The type of the Matching object e.g. EnergyStreamObject,
MaterialStreamObject, ExpanderOpObject etc.
TargetVariable The target value when the specification is
<TargetVariable> = <Value>
MatchingOffset The offset value when the specification is
<TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> = <Offset>
Tolerance Absolute Tolerance


There is one to one correspondence between P2 and TL parameter and their names are same so,
its not repeated here. The exceptions are:

Def/Pri/Ref/VarVatEntryNumber is changed to Def/Pri/Ref/VarUnitAttrName in TL layer.
Def/Pri/Ref/VarDimenUnit is split into Def/Pri/Ref/VarUOMClass and
Def/Pri/Ref/VarUOMUnit in TL layer.

Limitations

PRO/II to ROMeo

At present, translator does not support the following:
Spec/Vary of thermodynamic, reaction or tag data.
Spec/Vary/Define from Calculator, Stream Calculator or Optimizer.
VARYing of unit operations internal specifications in controller or MVC.
Spec/Vary of Stream properties other than rate, composition (molar basis only),
temperature, pressure, specific enthalpy, liquid fraction and vapor fraction.
Spec/Vary/Define of any PRO/II variable that does not have one to one correspondence
in target product (ROMeo).

HYSYS to PRO/II

At present, the translator does not support the following:
Spec/Vary of thermodynamic, reaction or tag data
Column.
SIM4ME 164
Splitter

This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO II Splitter translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS model.

Base PRO/II Model


This model is used to mix multiple streams and split the total flow rate between them based on
the specifications.

The temperature and phase of the outlet streams of the splitter unit are determined by performing
an adiabatic flash calculation at the specified pressure, and with duty specification of zero. The
composition and phase distribution of each product stream will be identical. One feed stream or
mixtures of two or more feed streams are allowed.

For a Splitter unit having M number of declared products, (M 1) product specifications are
required. This properly implies the Splitter requires a minimum of two product streams, and
every product stream except for one must have a product specification

Parameters

PressCalc kPa This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be identical to
the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It may be different
from the PressIn parameter, which is set by the user and is not
changed by the unit calculations. The PressCalc value is assumed
correct and consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
PressDropCalc kPa This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the Splitter.
See TempCalc and PressCalc
TempCalc K This is the temperature of the splitter product streams and should
be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct stream.
PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
temperatures available to other units through the spec/vary/define
subsystem. The value is set during the PRO/II flow sheet solve
PressInFlg Pressure specification flag. 1 Pressure drop 0 Outlet pressure
SIM4ME 165

MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream
MergedProduct The stream ID of the merged product stream. This is an internal
product stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product streams
FeedData A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams. FeedData
does not contain specific data such as the temperature, pressure,
or composition of the individual streams, only the ID of the
stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used to retrieve the stream data
block which contains a complete description of the stream
ProductData A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams. See
FeedData

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header

Header includes both COMPRESSIBLE and INCOMPRESSIBLE options for holdup dynamics.
The INCOMPRESSIBLE dynamics option is the default and can be used for either vapor, liquid
or two-phase fluids.
UOM

The Header is a pressure node that can be used to model flow mixing, flow splitting, and piping
holdup dynamics.

The explicit solution option is used for large volume compressible systems and for decoupling
large incompressible pressure flow networks.

Parameters


Header
Vol m
3
Header volume
Area m
2
Header surface area
Mm kg Header metal mass

Header
Z [0]...........Z [i]
FLASH.Z [0]...FLASH.Z [i]
H & FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
P & FLASH.P kPa Pressure
T & FLASH.T K Temperature
SIM4ME 166
FLASH.R kg-mol/m
3
Molar Density

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models: Mixer/Valve - Splitter


The Splitter unit models the division of a single feed stream into two or more product streams.

The principal operating specification for the Splitter unit is the portion of the feed stream that
exits the unit in each product stream. This specification may be given in relative terms (fraction
of feed leaving in each product stream) or in absolute terms (flowrate in each product stream).

The Splitter unit operation models the splitting of a feed stream into two or more product streams.
The temperature, pressure, and composition of the product streams are identical to those of the
feed stream.

The Splitter model allows multiple product streams but is restricted to a single feed stream.

You must specify one of the product streams as the dependent stream. ROMeo automatically
adjusts the flowrate of the dependent stream so that the summed flow rates of the activated (ON)
product streams equal the flowrate of the feed stream. The independent (non-dependent)
flowrates or fractions will be fixed at the values you enter. If the sum of the independent
flowrates exceeds the feed rate, a warning will be issued during Generate Estimates, and the
flowrate of the dependent stream will be initialized to a small positive value. If, at convergence,
any product stream has a negative rate, the Splitter will return an error when you Check Solution
Validity.

The Splitter model is independent of the number of phases in the feed stream and may thus be
used with VLE or VLLE systems.
Splitter model allows multiple product streams but is restricted to a single feed stream. A Mixer is
added at the inlet when multiple feed streams are encountered in PRO/II Splitter.

There are no pressure specifications in the Splitter model. A Valve is added at the inlet to account
for pressure imbalance arising due to pressure specification in PRO/II splitter.
SIM4ME 167

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Tee


HYSYS equivalent for Splitter is Tee. This operation splits one feed stream into multiple
product streams with the same conditions and compositions as the feedstream. Flow Ratio is
generally between 0 and 1. If a ratio greater than one is specified, then one of the outlet streams
will have a negative flow-ratio and negative flow (backflow). Split-Ratio is usually given in the
Splitter flowsheets.

Parameters
FLOATARRAY:OFTFR ALIAS
x_ProductStream.OutFlowToFlo
wRatio.Valu
LONG OutFlowToFlowRatio: splitRatio
FLOATARRAY:IsNormal
ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Stream.Tagged
Name.NormalizationStatus
Float Check to see if normal
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.TaggedNa
me
String
Array
Feed Streams
ProductStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Stream.Tagged
Name
String
Array
Product Streams

STRING:FluidPkg ALIAS
FluidPackage.FluidPackage
String Fluid Package


Units of Measure


Parameters

LiquidFraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Water Fraction
PresDropCalc kPa Pressure drop
ResidenceTime Residence time for volume calculations sec
SpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg Specific enthalpy
Temperature K Temperature
TotalMoles mol Total moles
Volume m
3
Volume
SIM4ME 168
CompMoleFraction fraction Vector holding the mole fractions of each component
CompMolesState mol Vector holding the moles of each of the component
LiquidComposition Vector holding the Liquid Composition
Liquid2Composition Vector holding the Liquid2 Composition
VaporComposition Vector holding the Vapor composition
IsMixer Flag to indicate PRO/II unit from which Header is mapped. 1-
Mapped from Mixer 0 Mapped from Splitter
NumOfFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit
NumOfProds The number of product streams currently attached to the unit
PresChoice Pressure specification flag. 1 Pressure drop 0 Outlet
pressure
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams.


The Splitter in PRO/II is translated to Header in TLLayer. Volume, total moles, and individual
component moles characterize the TLHeader. These parameters are calculated as follows:

] [ . Pr ] [
. Pr
. Pr / . Pr
i action CompMoleFr oduct Merged TotalMoles i tate CompMolesS
y BulkDensit oduct Merged Volume TotalMoles
y BulkDensit oduct Merged Flow TotalMolar oduct Merged Time Residence Volume
=
=
=


When TLHeader is translated to DS header additional parameters such as area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader parameters are calculated as follows:

) / 7760 (
/
/
4
3
3
m kg Density
ty MolarDensi Height Thickness Diameter Mass Metal
Ratio D H
Volume
Diameter
=
=
=
=


SIM4ME 169

Stream
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Stream translation to
Dynsim and ROMeo Stream.

Base PRO/II Model


The streams in PRO/II can contain any number of components and can exist in mixed phases. It
is used to establish connectivity between the unit operation modules. The feed stream sets the
composition and thermal condition that will be used by the unit operation module for calculation.
Similarly, the unit operation usually sets the composition and condition of its outlet streams after
the calculation is completed.

There are other classes of streams such as MergedFeed and MergedProduct streams. These are
used by the unit operation modules for internal calculations. MergedFeed stream holds the flash
results of mixed inlet streams. MergedProduct stream holds the properties of the stream at the
outlet condition of the unit operation module prior to phase separation (if any).

Parameters
Description

Parameter UOM
TotalMolarRate
kg-
mol/hr
Molar flow rate
TotalMolarEnthalpy
kJ/kg-
mol
Molar enthalpy
LiquidFraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Second liquid phase fraction
WaterFraction fraction Water fraction
BulkMw Molecular weight
BulkDensity kg/m
3
Mass Density
BulkEntropy Entropy
VaporZFmDensity Vapor compressibility factor
TotalComposition fraction Vector holding stream mixed composition
VaporComposition fraction Vector holding stream vapor composition
LiquidComposition fraction Vector holding stream liquid composition
Liquid2Composition fraction
Vector holding composition of second
liquid phase

SIM4ME 170
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models - Stream


Process stream is used to connect equipment models. The streams support for reverse flow,
reduces model complexity and overhead by using mixed property and enthalpy basis, includes
density and molecular weight to pass to downstream flow devices.


F kg-mol Molar flow
T K Temperature
P kPa Pressure
H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
Z fraction Specific composition
MW Molecular weight
VF fraction Vapor fraction
R Molar density kg-mol/m
3

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models Stream
Stream is used to connect unit operation modules. It can be used for including objective
functions, adding value equations, selecting properties for viewing in the Report etc.

Parameters

Temp K Temperature
Pres kPa Pressure
MoleFrac fraction Composition
PhaseFrac fraction Phase fraction
Prop
Array for holding the stream properties (Enthalpy,
Density etc)
Flow
Array for holding the stream flows (mass, molar,
volumetric etc)
EnableStreamEcon Integer parameter to select stream economics
Equil.PhasePresence
1 phase must be present

Integer array to indicate the presence of phase in the
stream.
-1 phase must not present
0 phase may be present

SIM4ME 171

~Props
Array holding the stream property domain (Enth,
Dens etc)
~Flows Array holding the flow domain (Mass, Vol etc)
~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Mole fraction is defined over this domain.
~DOMAIN_PhaseFrac Phase fraction is defined over this domain
~DOMAIN_Prop Stream properties are defined over this domain
~DOMAIN_Flow Stream flows are defined over this domain
Equil.~DOMAIN_PhasePresence Phase presensce is defined over this domain
Liq.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Liquid mole fraction is defined over this domain
Vap.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Vapor mole fraction is defined over this domain
Liq2.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac
Second Liquid phase mole fraction is defined over
this domain (dynamically created only if phase
exists)
Liq.MoleFrac fraction
Liquid phase composition (dynamically created
only if phase exists)
Liq2.MoleFrac fraction
Second liquid phase composition (dynamically
created only if phase exists)
Vap.MoleFrac fraction
Vapor phase composition (dynamically created only
if phase exists)

Note: All properties prefixed by tilds (~) are not ROMeo properties. These are used by
RMAccess to set properties in ROMeo database.
Parameters

Common Data Base Structure Stream

MolarFlow Molar flow kg-mol/sec
SpecificEnthalpy Specific enthalpy kJ/kg-mol
Vapor fraction Vapor fraction fraction
Liquid Fraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Second liquid phase fraction
MW Molecular weight
SpecificEntropy Specific entropy
MolarDensity kg-mol/m
3
Molar density
VaporZFmDensity Vapor compressibility factor
CompMoleFraction fraction Overall composition
VaporComposition fraction Vapor phase composition
LiquidComposition fraction Liquid phase composition
SIM4ME 172
Liquid2Composition fraction Second liquid phase composition


MW
y MassDensit
ty MolarDensi =




SIM4ME 173

Stream Calculator

Parameters
Description
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of a HYSYS Component Splitter
translation to a PRO/II Stream Calculator.

Base PRO/II Model Stream Calculator


The stream calculator is a flexible unit that allows blending of any number of feed streams and
produce top and bottom product with defined composition and thermal condition. The product
streams can be further split into individual phases as in a Flash unit operation. A pseudo product
can also be created which does not affect the material and energy balance of the unit.

Valve Parameter UOM
FeedData
streams. FeedData does not contain specific
data such as the temperature, pressure, or
composition of the individual streams, only the
ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used
to retrieve the stream data block which
contains a complete description of the stream
ProductData
product streams. See FeedData
OvhdRecov Fraction
A vector of fraction which determines the
amount of feed going into the Overhead
product stream.
OvhdPress kPa
Overhead stream pressure. It may be different
than the OvhdPressIn parameter, which is set
by the user and is not changed by the unit
calculations
OvhdTemp K
than the OvhdTempIn parameter, which is set
calculations
BtmsPress kPa
than the BtmsPressIn parameter, which is set
calculations
BtmsTemp K
than the BtmsTempIn parameter, which is set
calculations

SIM4ME 174
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Component Splitter


HYSYS Component Splitter is a utility model to separate top and bottom products based on
user specified split fraction. Any number of feed and overhead product streams can be connected
to this unit. The user defines the product splits of each of the overhead product and thermal
condition of the overhead product stream by setting appropriate inputs for Pressure-Temperature
(PT), Pressure-Enthalpy (PH) or Pressure-VF flashes.

Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.
AttachmentName
None
The array of feed streams currently attached to
the unit
OverheadProduct ALIAS
x_OverHeadStream.Stream.
TaggedName
None
The array of overhead product streams currently
BottomProduct ALIAS
BottomsStream.Stream.
TaggedName
kPa Bottom product stream
SplitFractionValSet ALIAS
x_SplitFractionSet.x_SplitFraction
.FractionToOverhead

Array of array of split fraction. It holds the values
of split fraction of each overhead stream for each
of the components


ProII Valve Parameters TL Parameter HYSYS Parameters
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams ALIAS x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
OverheadProduct ALIAS
x_OverHeadStream.Stream.TaggedName

BottomProduct ALIAS
BottomsStream.Stream.TaggedName
OvhdRecov RecoveryFraction
SplitFractionValSet ALIAS
x_SplitFractionSet.x_SplitFraction.FractionToOverhead
BtmsTemp BottomTemperature
BtmsPress BottomPressure
OvhdTemp OverheadTemperature
OvhdPress OVerheadPressure
SIM4ME 175

Valve

This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Valve translation to the
Dynsim and ROMeoValve and HYSYS Valve and Relief Valve to a PRO/II Valve.
Base PRO/II Model

The valve unit operates in a similar manner to an adiabatic flash. The outlet pressure, or the
pressure drop across the valve is specified, and the temperature of the outlet streams is computed
for a total duty specification of 0. The outlet product stream may be split into separate phases.
Both VLE and VLLE calculations are allowed for the valve unit. One or more feed streams are
allowed for this unit operation.

UOM
Units of Measure

Internal Units of Measure for the Dynsim are mostly in SI units and the deviations are consistent
across PRO/II and Dynsim
Parameters

CurrentProducts
unit
MergedFeed
internal feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed
stream Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition
of all feed streams
MergedProduct
FeedData
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can
SIM4ME 176
be used to retrieve the stream data block which contains a
ProductData
See FeedData
TempCalc K
This is the temperature of the Valve product streams and
PRO/II flowsheet solve
PressCalc kPa
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be
identical to the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It
may be different than the PressIn parameter, which is set
by the user and is not changed by the unit calculations.
PressCalc should be assumed to be a correct and
consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
PressDropCalc kPa
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the
Valve. See TempCalc and PressCalc
PressInFlg
This integer indicates the spec provided by user. For
pressure spec its value is 0 and for pressure drop spec its
value is 1
ProductStoreData
Vector that stores information about the product stream
phases

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models Header - Valve Drum


The valve is a flow device in Dynsim and it will accept only single inlet and single outlet. The
flow rate of the valve is calculated using the Cv. Valve also had an optional flash flag, which will
flash the product and recalculate the properties.



Parameters

Cv Cv Flow conductivity

SIM4ME 177

3
) Volume
OP fraction Valve opening
POS fraction Valve stem position
DP kPa Pressure drop
L fraction Normalized valve lift

Equivalent ROMeo Model: Valve

An empirical correlation that relates valve stem position, feed (and sometimes product)
conditions (e.g. flow rate, temperature, molecular weight, density) to the pressure drop, or
For initialization, the Valve unit copies the values from the feed stream to the product stream,
taking into account the change in pressure. If the individual phase compositions of the product
stream are required, ROMeo performs a black box adiabatic flash of the product stream.
Description

The ROMeo Valve unit operation models the adiabatic pressure drop of a fluid through a single-
input, single-output valve.

If a mixed phase product stream is required, a Flash unit operation must be included downstream
to model for separation of the phases.

Specifications:
Outlet pressure, or
Pressure drop across the valve, or
An empirical correlation with Pressure Drop

One of the following correlations is available for calculation purpose.
Fisher Liquid Valve
Generic Rate Correlation
Honeywell Gas Valve
Simple Valve Gain
Valve Gain

Parameters

Parameter UOM
v_Pres kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the mixer
v_PresDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream with respect to a feed stream
PresChoice
Integer for choice of providing specification. The value is 0 if
user enters Pres; 1 if user enters Pressure Drop; 2 if user
enters correlation and 3 if user enters Pressure Drop with
Correlation
NegativeDPAction
String Parameter to provide Warning/Info/Error for negative DP;
Default: Warning
DPCorrelationName String for user selected correlation
SIM4ME 178
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Valve


HYSYS performs an isenthalpic flash on the fluid passing through a single-input, single-output
valve.

HYSYS solver is based on Number of degrees of Freedom. Hence, it can calculate an unknown
based on the known. The following three variables need to be specified in HYSYS for the
valve to solve:
Outlet Pressure
Pressure drop across the valve
Outlet Temperature

Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.
AttachmentName

The array of feed streams currently
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.
AttachmentName

The array of product streams currently
Feed ALIAS FeedStream.
AttachmentName

The stream ID feed stream. Since
HYSYS Valve is a SISO Unit
Prod ALIAS
ProductStream.
AttachmentName

PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the valve.

Common Data Base Structure Valve

UOM
Parameters

FeedStreams
The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an internal
feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed stream
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed
streams.
ProdStreams
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams.
Temperature K Exit temperature.
Pressure kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the valve.
SIM4ME 179

PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream.
OP fraction Valve opening.
Cv Cv Valve Cv.
PresChoice Specification flag. 0 Outlet Pressure 1 Pressure drop.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across PRO/II valve.
ProductStoreData Vector that stores information about the product stream phases
LowPDFlag

Flag to indicate zero pressure drop. LowPDFlag =1 for
PressureDrop < 0.00001kPa, 0 otherwise.
SqrtDP

Parameter to store the value of square root of pressure drop
used in valve Cv calculations.
Flow Molar flow across valve.

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Valve and Relief Valve

Introduction and Usage of the Model - Valve

HYSYS performs an isenthalpic flash on the fluid passing through a single-input, single-output
valve.

HYSYS solver is based on Number of degrees of Freedom. Hence, it can calculate an unknown
based on the known. The following three variables need to be specified in HYSYS for the
valve to solve:
Outlet Pressure
Pressure drop across the valve
Outlet Temperature

Parameters - Valve

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.
AttachmentName

The array of feed streams currently
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.
AttachmentName

The array of product streams currently
Feed ALIAS FeedStream.
AttachmentName

Prod ALIAS
ProductStream.
AttachmentName

PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the valve.

SIM4ME 180
Common Data Base Structure Valve

Parameters

FeedStreams
The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an internal
feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed stream
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed
streams.
ProdStreams
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams.
Temperature K Exit temperature.
Pressure kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the valve.
PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream.
OP fraction Valve opening.
Cv Cv Valve Cv.
PresChoice Specification flag. 0 Outlet Pressure 1 Pressure drop.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across PRO/II valve.
ProductStoreData Vector that stores information about the product stream phases
LowPDFlag

Flag to indicate zero pressure drop. LowPDFlag =1 for
PressureDrop < 0.00001kPa, 0 otherwise.
SqrtDP

Parameter to store the value of square root of pressure drop
used in valve Cv calculations.
Flow Molar flow across valve.

Introduction of the Model HYSYS Relief Valve
HYSYS Relief valve is used to release pressure caused by a pressure buildup scenario. Relief
valve starts opening if the pressure in the process equals Set pressure of the relief valve. It
opens completely when the pressure reaches Full Open pressure.
A relief valve can be configured by defining following two parameters;
Set Pressure: Pressure where relief valve starts opening
Full Open Pressure: Pressure where relief valve opens completely.
Parameters Relief Valve
FluidPkg STRING Fluid Package
ValveLift LONG Valve position (open or closed)

SIM4ME 181

Common Data Base Structure Relief Valve

Parameters

ProII Valve Parameters TL valve Parameter HYSYS Relief Valve Parameters
MergedProduct
MergedFeed
FeedData FeedStreams
FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.AttachmentName
TempCalc Temperature
PressCalc Pressure
PressDropCalc PressureDrop
OP
Cv
ValveLift


The following calculations are made from Valve translation from PRO/II to TL layer

Valve Cv

R DP Op
MW F
Cv

=
00075379 . 0

eter from TL to Dynsim Layer Calculation of Derived Param

Valve J

Cv Op J * 00075379 . 0 =


SIM4ME 182
Validation
Validation of the unit operations and flow sheet is performed at various stages to ensure that the
translated flow sheet adheres to the Dynsim rules.

Feed Validation
The feed validation is performed at unit operation level in TL Layer. In PRO/II most of the unit
operations can take multiple input streams. In Dynsim, only the pressure-nodes can take multiple
input streams while the flow devices like Valve, Expander etc can take only single input stream.
Whenever a PRO/II unit operation translates to a flow device in Dynsim, Feed Validation is
performed. If there is more than one feed stream a Header is inserted at the upstream, which will
account for flow mixing and the resultant mixed product stream is fed to the flow device. The
process condition of the inserted Header is updated from the MergedFeed stream of the unit
operation module translated.

For details of the sizing calculations of the inserted Header, refer to Mixer translation.

Product Validation
The product validation is performed at unit operation level in TL Layer. PRO/II allows phase
separation for most of the unit operation modules. In Dynsim only Drum and Separator allows
phase separation. Whenever a PRO/II unit operation translates to a flow device in Dynsim,
Product Validation is performed. When there is more than one product stream a Drum is inserted
at the downstream, which will account for phase separation. The process conditions of the
inserted Drum are updated from MergedProduct stream, of the unit operation module translated.

For details of the sizing calculations of the inserted Drum, refer to Flash translation.

Global Validation - Dynsim
Global validation is performed at the flow sheet level during TL layer to Dynsim layer
translation. This validation is performed to ensure that the translated flow sheet adheres to the
Dynsim rules. In Dynsim, any two pressure-nodes should be separated by a flow device. When
such a situation is encountered, a Valve or a StreamSet will be inserted between the two pressure
nodes.

A valve is inserted when the upstream node pressure is more than or equal to the downstream
node pressure. The Valve will be sized for a pressure drop of 10kPa and 60% opening. The
process conditions of the Valve will be updated based on the upstream conditions. For details
about the sizing calculations, please refer to Valve translation.
A StreamSet is inserted when the upstream node pressure is less than the downstream node
pressure. A boundary flow will be set in StreamSet to ensure continuous flow despite negative
head. These situations arise due to specifications in PRO/II flow sheet, resulting in non-adherence
to the pressure-flow concept of Dynsim. When this kind of situation arises, the user may have to
modify the PRO/II flow sheet

A new stream will be created and attached to the downstream of the Valve/ StreamSet and its
process conditions are updated from the upstream.

SIM4ME 183

Pressure Imbalance
Pressure Imbalances are handled at the unit operation level during TL layer to Dynsim layer
translation.

Pressure Imbalance Positive Pressure

When there are multiple feed streams to a PRO/II unit operation module, the MergedFeed
pressure is set as minimum of the inlet stream pressures.

When positive pressure drop is set across PRO/II Flash, Mixer or Splitter, the unit pressure will
be set to minimum of inlet stream pressure minus the pressure drop.

Flow sheets consisting of these kinds of specifications when translated can result in steady state
results of PRO/II not matching with that of Dynsim. Whenever such pressure imbalances are
encountered, a valve will be inserted. The inserted valve will be sized for a pressure drop based
on the magnitude of imbalance. For details about Valve sizing calculations, refer to valve
translation.

Pressure Imbalance Negative Pressure

Whenever negative pressure drop is encountered, a StreamSet will be inserted with a boundary
flow.
When specifications like negative pressure drop is set across unit operations like Valve, Flash etc,
it cannot be directly handled by Dynsim as this does not adhere to the pressure-flow concept.
SIM4ME 184

SIM4ME 185

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