The LMR Digital Difference

Steve Macke
Principal
Advent Ltd
Land
Mobile
Radio
Legacy LMR will all be Digital in Time
Had limitations could not
provide all end user features
Successful for 90+
years
DSP research in Telecom
ramped up in the late 1990s
Early Digital Tx Rx
used an Analog Carrier
2017 Digital LMR will become
the dominant platform
Digital Tx Rx is driving
market and capabilities
Users are demanding more radio
features/functions/capabilities
Migration to Digital Radio
F
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25 KHz
Analog
25 KHz
Digital
25 / 12.5
KHz Analog
25 / 12.5
KHz
Digital
12.5 KHz -
6.25 KHz
Digital
Equivalent
25 KHz 6.25
KHz Digital
Equivalent
6.25 KHz Digital
/ Equivalent
12.5 KHz Only
12.5 KHz Only
Use
Use
Use
Replace with 12.5 KHz 6.25 KHz
Equivalent
Use until 6.25 KHz Equivalent is
mandated
Analog / Digital 25 KHz to Digital 6.25 KHz or equivalent
The LMR Digital Difference
Digital Technology has created a new ecosystem
Increased
Capacity
Grater Audio
Quality
Applications
Efficient use
of Battery
Superior
Coverage
Digital Devices Defined by
Industry Standards
Industry Best Practices
Superior Performance
Digital LMR in Traditional
Configurations

P25 II
TETRA
Mission
Critical

DMR
dPMR
Operational
Critical
Single Site,
Multi Site,
Simulcast , Multicast
Conventional
Trunking
Digital Standard Defines
Network Fabric
Features
Future Proof
Functions
Capabilities
Interoperability
The LMR Digital Difference
P25 Ph II
6.25 KHz
Two Slot TDMA
12.5 KHz BW
Voted Rx
TETRA
6.25 KHz
Four Slot TDMA
25 or 20 KHz BW
Direct Mode
Rx Diversity
DMR
6.25 KHz
Two Slot TDMA
12.5KHz BW
dPMR
6.25 KHz
FDMA


KHz
System Data Capability
P25 Ph II
6.25 KHz
One Time Slot

TETRA
6.25 KHz
Up to Seven Time Slots
Short Message, Status Message
Packet data - IP

DMR
6.25 KHz
One Time Slot
Not in Std yet

dPMR
6.25 KHz
One FDMA Chnl


DATA
Telephone Interconnect

P25 Ph II
6.25 KHz
One Time Slot
Not part of Standard


TETRA
6.25 KHz
Up to Seven Time Slots
Full Duplex
Part of Standard

DMR
6.25 KHz
One Time Slot
Half Duplex
Part of Standard

dPMR
6.25 KHz
One FDMA Chnl
Not part of Standard


PHONE
System Scalability

P25 Ph II
6.25 KHz
Software Dependent
Subscriber Limited
No Conventional yet
Wide Area Networks

TETRA
6.25 KHz
Multiple Regions
Country Wide Networks
No limit on Terminals
Mobile Gateways


DMR
6.25 KHz
Vendor Dependent
Subscriber Limited

dPMR
6.25 KHz
Vendor Dependent
Subscriber Limited


SCALABILITY
Frequency Bands

P25 Ph II
VHF 150 MHz
UHF 450 MHz
700 MHz
800 MHz


TETRA
150 MHz
350 MHz
450 MHz
800 MHz
DMR
VHF 150 MHz
UHF 450 MHz


dPMR
VHF 150 MHz
UHF 450 MHz


Frequencies
System Features


P25 Ph II
Voice/Talk Groups
Slow Data 9.6/12.5 kbps
One way Authentication
Short Texting





TETRA
Voice/Talk Groups
Medium Data 28.8 kbps
Two way Authentication
Multiple encryption levels
Single to Multi-site
Site Hand Off

DMR
Voice/Talk Groups
SMS Texting
Multi Site


dPMR
Voice/Talk Groups
SMS Texting
Multi Site


FEATURES
Standards based Encryption


P25 Ph II
AES/DES/ADP
Variable Bits
Utilizes a Key Loader




TETRA
End to End AIS
Variable Bits
Key Management
connected to the network
Over the Air Rekeying
Authentication

DMR
AES/DES
Variable Bits
Utilizes a Key Loader

dPMR
AES/DES
Variable Bits
Utilizes a Key Loader


Encryption
VOCDER DIFFERENCES
TETRA
ACELP
Liner Prediction
Landline quality
full duplex
Excellent Noise
Canceling
<300ms
Call Setup
P25/DMR/dPMR
AMBE+2
Library List
Limited Noise
Canceling
<750ms
Call Setup
Speech Quality Varies
(M/F Language-
Ambient Noise)
Thank You
stevemacke@comcast.net Telephone 770-860-0888
Land Mobile Radio Communication