Stability Analysis of interface wall at Foundation Level:

984.00 m
946.35 m
946.35 m
37.65 m
2.00 m
2.60 t/m
3
1.60 t/m
3
0.58
21.84 m
0.24 g
0.16 g
2.40 t/m
3
13. Submerged unit weight of concrete 1.40 t/m
3
1.00 t/m
3
46.00
23.00
53.11
0.00
18. Characteristic strength of concrete (f
ck
) 2500.00 t/m
2
2.00m
984.00
30.11
W4
3.45m
Rock-Fill
37.65m
W1
W3
34.20m
W2
946.35
B A
19.84m
21.84m
Self Weight of the structure
W1 =2*37.65*2.4 180.72 T/m
W2 =0.5*34.2*19.84*2.4 814.15 T/m
NAFRA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The stability analysis of Interface wall between the Rockfill dam and the spillway approach channel has
been carried out as per IS 12720-2004and IS 1893-1984.
Basic data:
1. Top of the interface wall Level
2. Foundation level
3. Elevation where the stability is checked
4. Total Height of the divide wall (h)
5. Top width
7. Unit weight of the rockfill (submerged)
6. Unit weight of the rockfill (saturated)
10. Design horizontal seismic coefficient (
h
)
8. Slope provided in the wall
11. Design vertical seismic coefficient (
v
)
12. Unit weight of concrete
13. Unit weight of water (w)
9. Base width of wall (B)
14. Angle of internal friction of rockfill (')
15. Angle of friction between the wall and rockfill ()
16. Angle of application of active pressure with the horizontal ()
17. Slope of rockfill with horizontal
Figure 1-interface wall
0.58
Annexure A
1
Pressure due to rock filll on wall:
The pressure on the wall:
P
a
= 1/2 w h
2
C
a
Where P
a
=
w =
h = Height of the wall in meter.
= 30.11
= Tan
-1
(
h
/1
v
)
= Tan -1 (0.24 /( 1 -0.16)
= 11.69 = 15.95
2
1.000
sin (+)x sin( - i -)
1+
cos(-i) x cos(++)
Now, considering =11.69 and
v
positive. 2
1.000
sin (46+23) x sin ( 46-0-11.69)
C
a
= 0.767
Now, considering =11.69 and
v
negative. 2
1.000
cos (11.69) x cos^2 ( 30.11) x cos (23+30.11+11.69)
sin (46+23) x sin ( 46-0-11.69)
C
a
= 0.556
Now, considering =15.95 and
v
positive. 2
1.000
cos (15.95) x cos^2 ( 30.11) x cos (23+30.11+15.95)
sin (46+23) x sin ( 46-0-11.689)
C
a
= 0.907
Now, considering =15.95 and
v
negative. 2
1.000
cos (15.95) x cos^2 ( 30.11) x cos (23+30.11+15.95)
sin (46+23) x sin ( 46-0-15.95)
C
a
= 0.657
0.907
For submerged rockfill
Therefore, Active pressure due to rockfill=
P
a
= 1/2 w h
2
C
a
= 1/2 x1.6x37.65^2 x0.907
= 1028.904T/m
For saturated rockfill
Therefore, Active pressure due to rockfill=
P
a
= 1/2 w h
2
C
a
= 1/2 x2.6x37.65^2 x0.907
= 1671.969T/m
C
a
=
= Angle of rockfill facce of the wall to makes with vertical.
C
a
=
Unit weight of Soil in Kg/m
2
Active Pressure in kg per meter length of wall.
= Tan -1 (0.24 /( 1 +0.16)
C
a
=
C
a
=
cos (11.69) x cos^2 ( 30.11) x cos (23+30.11+11.69)
cos(30.11-0) x cos (23+30.11+11.69)
cos(30.11-0) x cos (23+30.11+11.69)
cos (30.11-0) x cos (23+30.11+11.69)
cos(30.11-0) x cos (23+30.11+15.95)
C
a
=
(1+0.16) x cos^2(46-15.95-30.11)
(1-0.16) x cos^2(46-11.69-30.11)
(1
v
) cos
2
(

- - )
cos*cos
2
*cos( + +)
(1+0.16) x cos^2(46-11.69-30.11)
(1-0.16) x cos^2(46-15.95-30.11)
The Maximum of above four values has been considered in design as per IS1893-1984 =
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1+
1+
1+
1+
2
1.000
1+ sin (+)x sin( - i -)
cos(-i) x cos(++)
2
1.000
sin (+)x sin( - i)
1+
cos(-i) x cos(+)
1.000
cos^2 ( 30.11) x cos (23+30.11)
sin (46+23) x sin ( 46-0)
cos (30.11-0) x cos (23+30.11)
C
as
= 0.451
For submerged rockfill
Therefore, Active pressure (static) due to rockfill=
P
as
= 1/2 w h
2
C
a
= 1/2 x1.6x37.65^2 x0.451
= 511.318T/m
Hence, Dynamic increment of active pressure,
P
d
= P
a
- P
as
= 1028.904-511.318
= 517.585T/m
For saturated rockfill
Therefore, Active pressure (static) due to rockfill=
P
as
= 1/2 w h
2
C
a
= 1/2 x2.6x37.65^2 x0.451
= 830.892T/m
Hence, Dynamic increment of active pressure,
P
d
= P
a
- P
as
= 1671.969-830.892
= 841.076T/m
2.00m
30.11m
3.45m
Rock-Fill
37.65m 53.11
53.11
34.20m
19.84m
21.84m
From the total pressure computed as above subtract the static active pressure obtained by putting
v
=
h
==0 in the
following expression to evaluate the value of C
a
and the reminder will be the dynamic increment.
C
as
=
C
as
=
Figure -2
C
a
=
(1
v
) cos
2
(

- - )
cos*cos
2
*cos( + +)
cos
2
(

- - )
cos
2
*cos( + )
cos^2(46-30.11)
0.5
2
Pd
P1
Pas
P2
P4
P3
0.5
1+
0.5
Inertia force (saturated weight of structure)
Horizontal earthquake Force: = 0.6 x w x
h
Moments = 0.9 x w x h x
h
Sr.No Force Lever Arm Moment
1 H1=0.6*180.72*0.24 26.02 T 18.83 734.84 Tm
2 H2=0.6*814.15*0.24 117.24 T 11.40 2004.87 Tm
Vertical earthquake Force:
1 V1=180.72*0.16 = 28.92 T
2 V2=814.15*0.15 = 118.33 T
0.16
0.15
37.65m
34.20m
Uplift Force
822.16 T
As per IS:12720-2004 the retaining wall is designed for the under mentioned most critical/ severe conditions:
- Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and no water in the reservoir and without Earthquake
- Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and the water in the reservoir is up to FRL and without
Earthquake consideration.
Earthquake combination.
without Earthquake consideration.
Sr.No Force Lever Arm Moment
1 W1=2*37.65*2.4 180.72 T 1.00 180.72 Tm
2 W2=0.5*34.2*19.84*2.4 814.15 T 8.61 7011.74 Tm
3 W3=0.5*34.2*19.84*2.6 882.00 T 15.22 13428.12 Tm
4 W4=3.45*19.84*2.6 177.85 T 11.92 2119.69 Tm
5 P2 = Pas*sin=830.89*sin53.11 664.57 T 14.56 9674.83 Tm
Total 2719.29 T 32415.10 Tm
Force Lever Arm Moment
6 P4 = Pas*cos=830.89*cos53.11 498.73 T 12.55 6259.00 Tm
Total 498.73 T 6259.00 Tm
The Resultant x = Mv-Mh
W
= (32415.1-6259 )/2719.29
= 9.619
The static component of the total pressure shall be applied at an elevation h/3 above the base of the wall. The point of
application of the dynamic increment shall be assumed to be at h/2 of the wall. The forces acting on
the retaining wall are:
Inertia Forces
Vertical Forces
1. Normal Loading Condition:
Taking moment about point - B
2. Severe Loading Condition:
- Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and no water in the reservoir and with Earthquake
- Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and the water in the reservoir is up to FRL and with
Load Case 1: Divide Wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and no water in the reservoir and
combination.
consideration.
Horizontal Forces
U1=21.84*37.65*1=
The resultant in this case passes through the middle third of the base
Where,
e= Eccentricity of the resultant force from the center of the base.
V = Total vertical force.
B = Base width. = 21.84m
x
-
= 9.619 m
e= 1.300 m
6e/B = 0.357
169.00 t/sq.m
80.05 t/sq.m
The stresses at the Heel and Toe of the structure are within the permissible limits as per IS-12720.
Factor of safety against sliding:
2719.29 t/m
0.00 t/m
1.04
30.00 t/sq.m
21.84 sq.m
1.50
3.60
498.73 t/m
So, F = 4.129 > 1.00
and without Earthquake consideration.
Sr.No Force Lever Arm Moment
1 W1=2*37.65*1.4 105.42 T 1.00 105.42 Tm
2 W2=0.5*34.2*19.84*1.4 474.92 T 8.61 4090.18 Tm
3 W3=0.5*34.2*19.84*1.6 542.77 T 15.22 8263.46 Tm
4 W4=3.45*19.84*1.6 109.45 T 11.92 1304.43 Tm
5 P2 = Pas*sin=511.32*sin53.11 408.97 T 14.56 5953.74 Tm
Total 1641.52 T 19717.23 Tm
Force Lever Arm Moment
6 P4 = Pas*cos=511.32*cos53.11 306.91 T 12.550 3851.69 Tm
Total 306.91 T 3851.69 Tm
The Resultant x = Mv-Mh
W
= (19717.23-3851.69 )/1641.52
= 9.665
The resultant in this case passes through the middle third of the base
Where,
e= Eccentricity of the resultant force from the center of the base.
V = Total vertical force.
B = Base width. = 21.84m
Load Case 2: Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and water in the reservoir is upto FRL
Stress at point - A= (W/B)*(1-(6e/B)) =
F=[[{(2719.29-0)*1.04}/1.5]+{(30*21.84)/3.6}]/498.73
The stresses at the heel and Toe of the structure are calculated as below:
Taking moment about point - B
Vertical Forces
Horizontal Forces
The stresses at the heel and Toe of the structure are calculated as below:
Stress at point - B= (W/B)*(1+(6e/B)) =
Safe in sliding
F= Factor of safety against sliding
w= Total downward force on the Divide wal =
u= Total upward force =
tan'= Coefficient of internal friction of the material '=46
0
C= Cohesion at contact between rock and concrete (Assumed)
A= Area under consideration for cohesion
F

= Partial factor of safety in respect of friction (as per IS:12720)

F
c
= Partial factor of safety in respect of cohesion (as per IS:12720)
P= Total horizontal force
(

E
=
B
e
B
V
p
6
1
. min . max
P
Fc
CA u w
F
|
|
.
|
+

\
|
=
F
tan ) (
(

E
=
B
e
B
V
p
6
1
. min . max
x
-
= 9.665 m
e= 1.253 m
6e/B = 0.344
101.06 t/sq.m
49.28 t/sq.m
The stresses at the Heel and Toe of the structure are within the permissible limits as per IS-12720.
Factor of safety against sliding:
1641.52 t/m
0.00 t/m
1.04
30.00 t/sq.m
21.84 sq.m
1.50
3.60
306.91 t/m
So, F = 4.285 > 1 Safe in sliding
Sr.No Force Lever Arm Moment
1 W1=37.65*2*2.4 180.72 T 1.00 180.72 Tm
2 W2=0.5*34.2*19.84*2.4 814.15 T 8.61 7011.74 Tm
3 W3=0.5*34.2*19.84*2.6 882.00 T 15.22 13428.12 Tm
4 W4=3.45*19.84*2.6 177.85 T 11.92 2119.69 Tm
6 P2 = Pas*sin=830.89*sin53.11 664.57 T 14.56 9674.83 Tm
7 P1 = Pd*sin=841.08*sin53.11 672.72 T 10.92 7345.06 Tm
8 V1 28.92 T 1.00 28.92 Tm
9 V2 118.33 T 8.61 1019.13 Tm
Total 3244.76 T 38712.12 Tm
Force Lever Arm Moment
10 P3 = Pd*cos=841.08*cos53.11 504.84 T 18.83 9503.58 Tm
11 P4 = Pas*cos=830.89*cos53.11 498.73 T 12.55 6259.00 Tm
12 H1 26.02 T 18.83 734.84 Tm
13 H2 117.24 T 11.401 2004.87 Tm
Total 1146.82 T 18502.29 Tm
The Resultant x = Mv-Mh
W
= (38712.12-18502.29 )/3244.76
= 6.228
The resultant in this case does not pass through the middle third of the base
Where,
e= Eccentricity of the resultant force from the center of the base.
V = Total vertical force.
B = Base width. = 21.84m
Vertical Forces
Horizontal Forces
Load Case 3: Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and no water in the reservoir and
with Earthquake consideration.
The stresses at the heel and Toe of the structure are calculated as below:
F=[[{(1641.52-0)*1.04}/1.5]+{(30*21.84)/3.6}]/306.91
Stress at point - B= (W/B)*(1+(6e/B)) =
Stress at point - A= (W/B)*(1-(6e/B)) =
Taking moment about point - B
F= Factor of safety against sliding
w= Total downward force on the Divide wal =
u= Total upward force =
tan'= Coefficient of internal friction of the material '=46
0
C= Cohesion at contact between rock and concrete (Assumed)
A= Area under consideration for cohesion
F

= Partial factor of safety in respect of friction (as per IS:12720)

F
c
= Partial factor of safety in respect of cohesion (as per IS:12720)
P= Total horizontal force
P
Fc
CA u w
F
|
|
.
|
+

\
|
=
F
tan ) (
(

E
=
B
e
B
V
p
6
1
. min . max
x
-
= 6.228 m
e= 4.690 m
6e/B = 1.289
340.07 t/sq.m
-42.89 t/sq.m
The stresses at the Heel and Toe of the structure are within the permissible limits as per IS-12720.
Factor of safety against sliding:
3392.01 t/m
147.25 t/m
1.04
30.00 t/sq.m
21.84 sq.m
1.20
2.40
1146.82 t/m
So, F = 2.680 > 1 Safe in sliding
and with Earthquake consideration.
Sr.No Force Lever Arm Moment
1 W1=37.65*2*1.4 105.42 T 1.00 105.42 Tm
2 W2=0.5*34.2*19.84*1.4 474.92 T 8.61 4090.18 Tm
3 W3=0.5*34.2*19.84*1.6 542.77 T 15.22 8263.46 Tm
4 W4=3.45*19.84*1.6 109.45 T 11.92 1304.43 Tm
6 P2 = Pas*sin=511.32*sin53.11 408.97 T 14.56 5953.74 Tm
7 P1 = Pd*sin=517.59*sin53.11 413.98 T 10.92 4520.04 Tm
8 V1 28.92 T 1.00 28.92 Tm
9 V2 118.33 T 8.61 1019.13 Tm
Total 1908.25 T 23189.22 Tm
Force Lever Arm Moment
10 P3 = Pd*cos=517.59*cos53.11 310.67 T 18.83 5848.35 Tm
11 P4 = Pas*cos=511.32*cos53.11 306.91 T 12.55 3851.69 Tm
12 H1 26.02 T 18.83 734.84 Tm
13 H2 117.24 T 11.401 2004.87 Tm
Total 760.84 T 12439.76 Tm
The Resultant x = Mv-Mh
W
= (23189.22-12439.76 )/1908.25
= 5.633
Where,
e= Eccentricity of the resultant force from the center of the base.
V = Total vertical force.
B = Base width. = 21.84m
The resultant in this case does not pass through the middle third of the base
Taking moment about point - B
Vertical Forces
Horizontal Forces
The stresses at the heel and Toe of the structure are calculated as below:
Load Case 4: Divide wall and Rock-fill dam is completed and water in the reservoir is upto FRL
Stress at point - B= (W/B)*(1+(6e/B)) =
F= Factor of safety against sliding
w= Total downward force on the Divide wal =
u= Total upward force =
Stress at point - A= (W/B)*(1-(6e/B)) =
tan'= Coefficient of internal friction of the material '=46
0
C= Cohesion at contact between rock and concrete (Assumed)
A= Area under consideration for cohesion
F

= Partial factor of safety in respect of friction (as per IS:12720)

F
c
= Partial factor of safety in respect of cohesion (as per IS:12720)
P= Total horizontal force
F=[[{(3392.01-147.25)*1.04}/1.2]+{(30*21.84)/2.4}]/1146.82
P
Fc
CA u w
F
|
|
.
|
+

\
|
=
F
tan ) (
(

E
=
B
e
B
V
p
6
1
. min . max
x
-
= 5.633 m
e= 5.285 m
6e/B = 1.452
214.29 t/sq.m
-39.52 t/sq.m
The stresses at the Heel and Toe of the structure are within the permissible limits as per IS-12720.
Factor of safety against sliding:
2055.50 t/m
147.25 t/m
1.04
30.00 t/sq.m
21.84 sq.m
1.20
2.40
760.84 t/m
So, F = 2.523 > 1 Safe in sliding
Stress at point - A= (W/B)*(1-(6e/B)) =
Stress at point - B= (W/B)*(1+(6e/B)) =
F=[[{(2055.5-147.25)*1.04}/1.2]+{(30*21.84)/2.4}]/760.84
A= Area under consideration for cohesion
F

= Partial factor of safety in respect of friction (as per IS:12720)

F
c
= Partial factor of safety in respect of cohesion (as per IS:12720)
P= Total horizontal force
F= Factor of safety against sliding
w= Total downward force on the Divide wall =
u= Total upward force =
tan'= Coefficient of internal friction of the material '=46
0
C= Cohesion at contact between rock and concrete (Assumed)
P
Fc
CA u w
F
|
|
.
|
+

\
|
=
F
tan ) (