1/13 Annex 1 to GLP

An.


H:\714\79\PROJEKT\WPs\wp8\conv06.doc









ANNEX :

CONVERSION AND CORRECTION CALCULATIONS

Version 06 September 1998
















as part oI the main document:

"Determination oI emissions Irom appliances burning oil and gaseous Iuels during type-testing"

2/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
INTRODUCTION
This document deals with the calculation oI CO and NOx in diIIerent units as well as some connection linked to the
variation oI the measurand due to some inIluencing Iactors. The correction linked to the measured appliances are
closely linked to the error determination and are thereIore to be Iound in Annex II.


1. DEFINITIONS
For the purpose oI this document, the Iollowing deIinitions apply:

Measured concentrations expressed in ppm (volume/volume), in the sample taken during
the combustion test.
|(NO
x
)
m
(NO)
m
(NO
2
)
m
|

Measured concentrations expressed in (volume/volume), in the sample taken during the
combustion test.

Emission oI NOx corrected Irom the inIluence oI the gas quality. (ppm).

Value dry sample. Eg. (CO
2
)
md
and (O
2
)
md
are the concentrations oI CO
2
and O
2
measured
on the dry sample.

Value partially dry sample. (Case oI dry sample when the sample is not totally dry).

The maximum carbon dioxide content oI the dry, air-Iree combustion products in (vol-
ume/volume). (See values in table 1 and 2).

Percentage (vol/vol) oI O
2
in air (O
2
air 20.95 is to be used when no other value is
known).

Volume oI dry combustion products per unit oI volume or mass oI gas during stoichiomet-
ric (neutral) combustion m
3
/m
3
or m
3
/kg. (See values in table 1 and 2).

Volume oI wet combustion products per unit oI volume or mass oI gas during stoichiomet-
ric (neutral) combustion m
3
/m
3
or m
3
/kg. (See values in table 1 and 2).

Corrected volume oI wet combustion products due to the condensate Iormed by condensing
appliances (m
3
/m
3
or m
3
/kg).
(CO)
m
and (NO
x
)
m
:



(CO
2
)
m
and (O
2
)
m



NO
x
(CH
4
)

(value) md


(value) mdp




O
2
air
(CO
2
)
n
:
V
Id
:
V
Iw
:
V
Iwc
:
3/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.

The weight oI a particular gas per unit volume oI dry gas at 0C:
CO: 1.251 kg/m
3

H
2
O: 0.830 kg/m
3

NO: 1.340 kg/m
3

NO
x
as NO
2
: 2.054 kg/m
3


H
i
: Net caloriIic value: See deIinition in |4|. It is expressed in MJ/m
3
at 15C (gas volume at 15C
and 101, 325 kPa).

Q: Heat input in kW. The product oI the volumetric rate or the mass rate and the caloriIic value oI
the gas reIerred to the same reIerence conditions.

It is given by the Iormula:
Q 0.278 V
gas
H
i

or 0.278 M H
i

V
gas
: the volumetric gas rate in m
3
/h corrected to 15C and 101,325 kPa
M: the mass rate in kg/h

Mass rate oI the condensate (kg/h)

Content oI water vapour in dried sample gas in (volume/volume)

Except in combination with H
i
and V
gas
the measure oI 1 m
3
oI the product or substance con-
cerned are at an absolute pressure oI 101,325 kPa and an absolute temperature oI 273,15K.

Dry air Iree value.




2. CONVERSION TO REFERENCE CONDITIONS

2.1 GeneraI
2.1.1 Reference conditions
Emission values shall be expressed at 20C Ior temperature and 10 g/kg Ior humidity. II the tests are not carried out
in reIerence conditions both values will be mentioned in the report, the measurements and the corrected value.
density: ()
M
c
:
y:
volumes in m
3



x
1:

4/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
2.1.2 Chronology of corrections
The chronology oI the corrections are the Iollowing:
a) Corrections oI the measurement appliance errors (See Annex II)
b) Correction oI the reIerence oI ambient humidity and temperature
c) Correction oI the inIluence oI gas or Iuel oil quality/composition
d) Correction oI the atmospheric pressure inIluence (when a procedure is existing)


2.2 CaIcuIation to neutraI combustion dry gas (dry air free)
The calculation oI the values to reIerence condition is perIormed in order to express emission on conditions oI neu-
tral combustion dry gas.

2.2.1 Dry sample line
Correction oI measured value at partially dry (mpd) sample gas to dry (md) sample gas:

(value)
md
(value)
mpd

100
100 y
|1|
y is the remaining water in the dried sample gas (in vol./vol.).

X
1
(value)
md

O
O O
air
air md
2
2 2
( )
|ppm| |2|

X
1
(value)
md

( )
( )
CO
CO
n
md
2
2
|ppm| |3|
The measurement/calculation oI 'y is to be developed.

2.2.2 Wet sampling line:
a) Case of non condensing appliances:
X
1
(value)
m

( )
( )
CO
CO V
n
md Id
2
2

V
- 1
Iw

|ppm| |4|
or
X
1
(value)
m

21
21
2

( ) O V
md Id

V
- 1
Iw
|ppm| |5|

b) Case of condensing appliances
In case oI condensing appliances, the total water vapour is not necessarily present in the analysed combustion
products. ThereIore, the quantity oI the condensates shall be calculated in order to know the real dilution oI NO
x

in the combustion products.
5/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
b1) Calculation oI the volume oI the wet combustion products
The real content oI the wet combustion products corresponding to neutral combustion, V
Iw

corrected Ior
condensed water vapour, is given by:
Gas To be revised (see ARGB proposal).
V
Iwc
V
Iw
-
1
0830 3600 1000 3152 10
6
. . .

M

H

273
288
V -
M
c i
Iw
c

|m
3
/m
3
| |6|

Fuel oil
To be developed.

b2) Conversion to reIerence conditions

X
1
(value)
m

( )
( )
CO
CO V
n
md Id
2
2

V
- 1
Iwc

|ppm| |7|
or
X
1
(value)
m

21
21
2

( ) O V
md Id

V
- 1
Iwc
|ppm| |8|

2.3 Emission expressed in mg/MJ or g/GJ
X
2
X
1
V
Id
/(H
i
288/273) 0.948 X
1
V
Id
/H
i
|9|
is the density oI component x. (See values in 1).

2.4 Emission expressed in mg/kWh
X
3
3.6 X
1
V
Id
/(H
i
288/273) 3.413 X
1
V
Id
/H
i
|10|

is the density oI component x. (See values in 1).

6/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.

2.5 Conversion to x% O
2


X
5
(X O
2
) X
1

21
21
X
|ppm| |11|

The procedure is illustrated by Ilow chart oI Iigure 1.

2.6 Conversion in mg/m
3
(see tables 3, 4, 5 and 6)
NO
x
: 1 ppm 2.054 mg/m
3

CO: 1 ppm 1.251 mg/m
3


7/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
Yes No
Yes

Flow chart Ior the calculation oI the NO
x
and the CO-emission to the reIerence conditions mg/MJ, mg/kWh and
ppm; dry, with a given percentage oI O
2
.





No
Analyzer (NO
x
)
m
ppm
(CO)
m
ppm
Analyzer (O
2
)
m
%
(CO
2
)
m
%

Dry sampling?
Condensing appliances?
Residual water vapour
(value)
md
= (value)
mpd

100
100 y

Corrected content of the wet combustion products
V
fwc
= V
fw
-
M H
Q
c i

3152 10
6
.

Expression of the results to dry air free
combustion gas
X
1
= (value)
m

( )
( )
*
CO
CO
V
V
n
md
Iw
Id
2
2
1 +

or
X
1
= (value)
m

O
O O V
air
air md Id
2
2 2

( )

V
- 1
Iw
*

* in the case of condensing appliances replace V
fw
by V
fwc

Expression of the measured value to dry air
free combustion gas

X
1
= (value)
md

( )
( )
CO
CO
n
md
2
2

or
X
1
= (value)
md

21
2 2
O O
air md
( )

Conversion to the reference conditions mg/MJ and
mg/kWh
X
2
(mg/MJ) = 0.948 X
1
V
fd
/H
i

X
3
(mg/MJ) = 3.413 X
1
V
fd
/H
i
is the density of component x. (See Definitions)
Conversion to x% O
2

X
5
(ppm) X
1

O X
O
air
air
2
2

8/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
3. CORRECTION FOR HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE OF THE COMBUSTION AIR [9]

3.1 Gas BoiIers
The inIluence oI combustion air temperature and humidity on NO
x
emissions to reIerence conditions (see 2.1) is
given by the Iollowing Iormula (|9|):


with the Iollowing units and validated ranges oI measurements:

NO
x
m
is the NO
x
measured at h
m
and T
m
in mg/kWh (see 2.4) in the range 50 mg/kWh to 300 mg/kWh.
- h
m
is humidity during the measurement oI NO
x
m
in g/kg in the range 5 g/kg to 15 g/kg.
- T
m
is the temperature during the measurement oI NO
x
m
in C in the range 15C to 25C.
- NO
x
reIerence
is the value oI NO
x
corrected to the reIerence conditions NO
x
reIerence
is expressed in mg/kWh.


3.2 FueI OiI BoiIers
To be developed. (See Schueler Iormula).


D. INFLUENCE OF GAS QUALITY
The results shall be corrected Irom the inIluence oI the gas composition with the Iollowing Iormula:

NO CH
(NOx m
. C H . C H Inert

( )
)
| | . .
4
3 8 2 6
1 0 0076 0 4 0 005 0 0047 + +


(NOx) CH
4
value corrected Irom the inIluence oI gas composition.
C
3
H
8
, C
2
H
6
, inert: gas composition in vol. (inert gases are N
2
and CO
2
).

NO
x
m is the value measured (in ppm).

NO
x
reIerence
NO
0.02 NO - 0.34
1 - 0.02(hm - 10)
(hm - 10) 0.85 - Tm)
x
x
m
m
(20 |12|
|mg/kWh| |mg/kWh|

NOx rel To be developed
|ppm|

9/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.

E. INFLUENCE OF FUEL OIL QUALITY
The inIluence oI the Iuel oil quality shall be corrected (range oI validation:100 to 180 mg/hg) according to the Iol-
lowing Iormula:
NO NO (140 - N x 0.2
2 2 actual
corrected measured
)
with NO
2
corrected
value oI NO
2
corrected in |mg/m
3
|
NO
2
measured
Value oI NO
2
measured in |mg/m
3
|
N concentration oI nitrogen in the Iuel oil in |mg/kg|


F. INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Implement the procedure oI Schueler.


G. OTHER CORRECTIONS
Additional corrections having to do with to measurement appliances, systematic errors are closely linked to the
error determination and are thereIore described in Annex II.

1) Absorption (in condenser)
2) InterIerence
3) Linearity
4) DriIt
5) Converter eIIiciency


H. EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIONS
To be developed.
10/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
TabIe 1

Test Gas Characteristics

Designation Composition H
i

M1/m
3

V
fd

m
3
/m
3

V
fw

m
3
/m
3

CO
2 n

G 20 CH
4
34.02 8.56 10.49
G 25 86 CH
4
14 N
2

29.25 7.50 9.16
G 30 C
4
H
10
116.09 29.67 34.70
G 31 C
3
H
8
88.00 22.32 26.27
G 100 50 H
2

26 CH
4

24 N
2

13.95 3.41 4.39

Table 1, 2, 3
Discussion
1. It shall be clear iI these tables are indications/inIormation or iI it is allowed to use the values instead oI the gas
used in practice.
2. The deIinition oI the caloriIic value (here 15C (15C, 1013)) is diIIerent Irom the one oI the deIinition (in
1). Moreover, there are slight diIIerences with ISO 6976.

Table 2
Copy oI CEN 304

11/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
TabIe 3
CONVERSION OF THE NO
X
EMISSION VALUE FOR NATURAL GAS
NO
X
as NO
2

1 ppm = 2.054 mg/m
3

G 20 G 25
(1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3)

mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.764 0.490 1.797 0.499
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.859 0.239 0.875 0.243
1 ppm = 2.059 0.572 2.098 0.583
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
1.002 0.278 1.021 0.284

CONVERSION OF THE NO
x
EMISSION VALUE FOR LPG
NO
x
as NO
2

1 ppm = 2,054 mg/m
3

G 30 G 31
1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3

mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.792 0.498 1.778 0.494
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.872 0.242 0.866 0.240
1 ppm = 2.091 0.581 2.075 0.576
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
1.018 0.283 1.010 0.181

CONVERSION OF THE NO
x
EMISSION VALUE FOR
MANUFACTURED GAS
1 ppm = 2,054 mg/m
3

G 110
1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3

mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.714 0.476
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.834 0.232
1 ppm = 2.000 0.556
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.974 0.270
12/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
TabIe 4
CONVERSION OF THE CO EMISSION VALUE FOR NATURAL GAS
1 ppm = 1,251 mg/m
3

G 20 G 25
(1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3)

mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.074 0.298 1.095 0.304
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.859 0.239 0.875 0.243
1 ppm = 1.253 0.348 1.278 0.355
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
1.002 0.278 1.021 0.284


CONVERSION OF THE CO EMISSION VALUE FOR LPG
1 ppm = 1,251 mg/m
3

G 30 G 31
1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3

mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.091 0.303 1.083 0.301
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.872 0.242 0.866 0.240
1 ppm = 1.274 0.354 1.264 0.351
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
1.018 0.283 1.010 0.281


CONVERSION OF THE CO EMISSION VALUE FOR
MANUFACTURED GAS
1 ppm = 1,251 mg/m
3

G 110
1 ppm = 1 cm
3
/m
3

mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm = 1.044 0.290
O
2
= 0 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.834 0.232
1 ppm = 1.218 0.338
O
2
= 3 %
1 mg/m
3
=
0.974 0.270

13/13 Annex 1 to GLP
An.
For Iuel oil, the caloriIic value and combustion parameters shall be calculated according to the
En 304.
Values given by CETIAT

Table 5

CONVERSION OF THE NO
X
EMISSION VALUE FOR OIL
NO
X
OR NO
2


1 ppm 2.054 mg/m
3

(1 ppm 1 cm
3
/m
3
)

mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm 1.717 0.495
O
2
= 0%
1 mg/m
3

0.836 0.241

1 ppm 2.003 0.578
O
2
= 3%
1 mg/m
3
0.975 0.281


Table 6

CONVERSION OF THE CO EMISSION VALUE FOR OIL

1 ppm 1.251 mg/m
3

(1 ppm 1 cm
3
/m
3
)

mg/kWh mg/MJ
1 ppm 1.046 0.302
O
2
= 0%
1 mg/m
3

0.836 0.241

1 ppm 1.220 0.352
O
2
= 3%
1 mg/m
3
0.975 0.281