Some Basic concepts of chemistry

1 mole = 6.02 10
23
particles = 1g. atom or 1 g molecule
N
A
= 6.02 10
23
1 a.m.u = g
Equivalent mass =
Average atomic mass =
Molarity (M) =
Molarity (m) =
Normality (N) =
Mole fraction
Atomic mass = Equivalent mass Valency
Dilution formula : M
1
V
1
= M
2
V
2
Atomic Structure
E = h =
h = h
0
+ K.E (Photoelectric effect)
(a
0
= 52.9 m)


deBroglie equation
Heisenberg uncertainity principle :
Number of orbitals in a shell = n
2
Number of electrons in a shell = 2n
2
Number of radial nodes = (n l 1)
Chemical Bonding

(H = number of Hybrid orbitals)
Bond order =
States of matter
Boyles law : P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
Charles law :
Ideal gas equation : PV = nRT
Daltons law : P
Total
= P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
+ ......
d
gas
=
Grahams Law
Vander waals equation :
C
P
C
V
= nRT
Kinetic gas equation :
Chemical Thermodynamics
U = q
v
, H = q
p
H = U + n
g
RT
C = (C = Heat capacity)
U = q + w (First law)
H =
G = H TS
G = RT ln K
Equilibrium

K
P
= K
C
(RT)
n
K
w
= [H
+
] [OH

]
pH = log [H
+
]
pKw = pH + pOH
Ka = C
2
K
w
= K
a
K
b
K
sp
= [A
r+
]
x
[B
x
]
y
Solid State
Density = g/cm
3
Packing fraction : Simple cubic = , FCC = , BCC =
Braggs equation d = nsin
Solution
Henrys law X
(g)
= K
H
.P
Raoults law : v.p. of solution = x
A
P
A
0
+ X
B
P
B
0
Relative lowering of V.P. :
T
b
= i k
b
m
T
f
= i k
f
m
= CRT

Electrochemistry

G =
=



W = ZIt

Chemical Kinetics
Rate = K[A]
x
[B]
y
K =

k = Ae

Ea/RT
Temperature coeffcient =
Important Structureal formula
Hydrogen peroxide : H
2
O
2
:
Water :
Orthoboric acid (H
3
BO
3
) :
Diborane (B
2
H
6
) :
Boron trifouride (BF
3
) :
Aluminium Chloride :
Berrilium Chloride : BeCl
2
:
CO : , CO
2
: O = C = O
SiO
2
:
Linear Silicone :
Yellow P :
P
4
O
10
:
NO
2
:
N
2
O
5
:
HNO
3
:
H
4
P
2
O
7
:

SO
2
:
H
2
SO
4
:
BrF
3
:
HClO
4
:
MnO
4

:
Cr
2
O
7
2
: