Strength of Materi als - Part 2

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CHAPTERS
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Chapter 1 : Strain energy
Chapter 2 : Theories of Failure
Chapter 3 : Leaf spring
Chapter 4 : Thick Cylinders
Chapter 5 : Bending of curved
beams
Chapter 6 : Shear stress
distribution
Chapter 7 : Rotational stresses
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Chapter 6 : Shear Stress Distribution


HORIZONTAL SHEAR STRESS





6.1 DISTRIBUTION OF HORIZONTAL SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

The vertical shearing force on a beam tends to cause sliding on a vertical section,
and the shearing stress resulting from this is accompanied at any point in the
section by a shearing stress on a horizontal section.

The two shears cause tensile and compressive force on mutually perpendicular
planes. The intensity of shear stress on the section of a beam is not constant
from top to bottom of the section, nor it is exactly constant across the width of
the section, but for all practical purposes, we may assume it constant.

Fig. 6.1
The variation of the vertical shearing force may be determined as follows:

Consider a beam of uniform section subjected to bending moment M at the
section AC and a bending moment M + 6M at the section BD, theo sections being
8x apart as shown in Fig. 6.1 (a). Let a be the stress at E due to M on a small
area of width b and thickness y [Fig. 6.1.(b)] and a1 the stress at F on a
corresponding area of the cross- section. Then

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Since a shear is accompanied by a complementary shear of equal intensity of
planes perpendicular to its plane, the intensity of horizontal shear on the cross-
section at a distance y from the neutral axis is given by Eq. (6.1).

6.2 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A BEAM OF RECTANGULAR CROSS-
SECTION

Consider a beam of rectangular cross-section of width 1 and depth h as shown in
Fig.

6.2. (a). Let F be the shear, force at the cross-section considered.

To determine the shear stress distribution, consider an elementary strip of the
beam at a distance of y and depth dy from the neutral axis.

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6.3 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A BEAM OF CIRCULAR CROSS-
SECTION

Consider a circular beam of radiusR To determine the shear stress distribution,
consider an elementary strip of depth dy at a distance y from the neutral axis as
shown in Fig. 6.3 (a).

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6.5 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN T-SECTION BEAM

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6.6 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN CHANNEL SECTION BEAM

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6.7 SHEAR STRESS DSTRIBUTION IN A SQUARE-SECTION

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6.8 CONCEPT OF SHEAR CENTRE

The shear centre of any transverse section of a beam is the point of intersection
of the bending axis and the plane of the transverse section. It is also called the
centre of twist. If a beam cross-section has two axes of symmetry, then shear
centre coincides within the centroid. For a cross section of a beam having one
axis of symmetry, the shear centre does not coincide with the centroid but lies on
the axis of symmetry.

If the transverse load passes through the shear centre, then there shall be only
bending of the cross-section and no twisting.

6.8.1 LOCATION OF SHEAR CENTRE FOR SYMMETRICAL SECTIONS

The principle involved in locating the shear centre is that the loads acting on the
beam must lie in a plane which contains the resultant shear force on each cross-
section of the beam as computed from the shearing stresses produced in the
beam when it is loaded so that it does not twist as it bends. This amounts to
locating the line of action of the resultant shearing force on the section.

UNEQUAL I-SECTION
Consider an unequal I-section as shown in Fig. 6.8 (a).The shear flow lines are
shown in this figure.

The shear force F1 acting on the smaller flange is shown in fig. 6.8 (b).
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1-CHANNEL-SECTION

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2-SEMI-CIRCULAR ARC

































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