Health Relate Fitness /Wellness

Methodology
Mrs Desiree Lee
Office 13





desiree.lee@wits.ac.za
desiree@vodamail.co.za

082 746 0790

www.digitalpe.weebly.com


Lecture outcomes

This block of lectures will develop the ability to:
Critically investigate and reflect on the impact
that physical activity and nutrition has on well-
being specifically in SA context
Contextualize the role of health related fitness in
society.
Understand the changing role of education..
Content vs skill based.
Understand the nature of HRF in the curriculum.
Design learning experiences for 21
st
century
consumers
Assessment
Tasks:
Continuous related to Project Based
Learning

Assignment 1:
Research Assignment
Research Active Habits Survey and
Analysis

Assignment 2:
Poster presentation on research findings


WHAT? content
WHO?
HOW?
WHAT? skills
Big World Problem
Obesity
Malnutrition
Lack Physical
Activity
Project Based
Learning
?
WHAT? content
Overweight/obesity stats SA
Trends world wide

Nutrition
Calorie is not a calorie
Insulin hormone response
Inflammation

Low carb diets
High/moderate protein
Fat free/low fat

Sugar food revolution
Bitter truth

Types of eating plans

Physical Activity levels



BMI body mass index

Waist/hip ratio

Basal metabolic rate

Calorie - exercise

Carbohydrate index
personal
Measure it
Apply it
How do we change behaviour?
Behaviour in the 21
st
century.... technology
Why?
Lifestyle diseases...
Obesity... inactivity ...
Latest statistics...
worldwide
How?
Teaching ......
methods health
related wellness...
fitness.. nutrition...
What?
Identify the
message and how
the message will
reach
Who?
Identifying the target
market...
How?
How the message will reach them
WHAT? content
WHO?
HOW?
WHAT? skills
The Seven Survival Skills
for Careers, College, And Citizenship

1. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving
2. Collaboration Across Networks and Leading
by Influence
3. Agility and Adaptability
4. Initiative and Entrepreneurialism
5. Effective Oral and Written Communication
6. Accessing and Analyzing Information
7. Curiosity and Imagination
First Task.
Get a partner
Hip waist ratio
Waisthip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is
the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of
the hips.

How to measure w/h ratio
Waist ( narrowest point)
Hips (widest point)



Instructions

1. Stand with your stomach relaxed.
2. Find the narrowest point at your waist and measure. Write
down the measurement.
3. Find the widest point of your hips and buttocks and
measure. Write down this measurement.
4. Divide the calculation from step 2 by the calculation
from step 3.
This is your waist-to-hip ratio.



What is good?
Levels of physical activity
participation

Everybody, regardless of age, needs to participate regularly in
some form of physical activity, as participation is essential
for individuals of all ages to lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
(Report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace, 2003.)


Physical inactivity levels:

There is a clear lack of a physical activity and sports
participation culture in adolescents, with more than 1 in 4
indicating little or no interest.

More than 30% of adolescent girls, and nearly 10% of boys are
either overweight or obese.

The pattern is much the same for primary school children with
22% of girls and 17% of boys being overweight or obese.
South AFRICAN stats 2013
(discovery)
Overweight
10.6% - 18.2%
Obesity
4.5% - 4.7%
38% Men
68% Females
South AFRICAN stats 2013
(discovery)
Overweight -2- 5 year olds
18.9% females
17.5% males
Obesity -2- 5 year olds
4.9% females
4.4% males
31 % men
31.6% female
South AFRICAN stats 2013
(discovery)
Overweight -2- 14 year
olds
16.5% females
11.5% males
Obesity-2- 14 year olds
7.1% females
4.7% males
Obesity
South Africa
Obese + Malnutrition
Weight of the world: 2.1 billion
people obese or overweight
30%of people globally now either
obese or overweight

a staggering 2.1 billion in all
The Study.....
most comprehensive assessment to date of one of
the pressing public health dilemmas of our time,
using data covering 188 nations
from 1980 to 2013. (33 years)

Nations in the Middle East and North Africa,
Central America and the Pacific and Caribbean
islands reached staggeringly high obesity rates

Men and Women....
The biggest obesity rises among women came in
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Honduras and Bahrain.

Among men, it was in New Zealand, Bahrain, Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia and the United States.
Who has highest rates?
The richest country, the United States, was home to
the biggest chunk of the planet's obese population

13 percent

even though it claims less than 5 percent of its
people.
What causes Obesity?

Obesity is a complex problem

fuelled by the availability of cheap, fatty, sugary, salty,
high-calorie "junk food"

and the rise of sedentary lifestyles.

Social and cultural beliefs
What are the risks?
It is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke,
diabetes, arthritis and certain cancers.


Chronic complications of weight kill about 3.4 million
adults annually
The increasing numbers...
During the 33 years studied,
rates of being obese or overweight soared 28 percent
in adults
and 47 percent in children.

During that span, the number of overweight and
obese people rose from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1
billion in 2013.
Interesting stats...
2.1 billion - That number exceeds the total world
population of 1927,

when it first hit 2 billion.


Earth's population now tops 7 billion.
World problem......
obesity - once a malady of rich nations - now grips
people of all ages, incomes and regions,
with not one country succeeding in cutting its obesity
rate.
Two-thirds of the obese population actually resides in
developing countries,
We have to remind ourselves that obesity is really not
a cosmetic issue.
It's a main risk factor for morbidity and mortality,

Obesity is appearing at increasing young ages, rising
nearly 50 percent in children and adolescents
worldwide.

Men tallied higher rates in developed countries.
Women did so in developing countries.
a possible ray of hope in rich countries, with the rate
of increase in adult obesity slowing in the past eight
years.
10 countries = 50% of obese
More than half of the world's obese live in just 10
countries: the United States, China,
India,Russia, Brazil, Mexico,
Egypt, Germany, Pakistan and Indonesia.

South Africa 52.9% obese + overweight
BMI > 25
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation
www.healthdata.org

www.digitalpe.weebly.com complete the survey



WHY??????
We look at the business of food
And the path to healthier choices

Dangers of obesity diabetes, heart disease. Cancers,
stroke....

How do we calculate obesity?

How do we measure obesity?
BMI
body mass index
BMI means Body Mass Index.
The BMI shows the relation between a
person's height and weight, and can be used to
indicate whether the person has a normal
weight or if he/she is underweight or
overweight.
It is important to note that BMI is not actually a
measurement for the percentage of body fat, and is not
applicable to everybody (e.g. persons with a large muscle
mass or bodybuilders).
For children and teenagers BMI is calculated the same
way, but the thresholds for overweight, normal weight
and underweight depends on the age and gender of the
child.
How to calculate Body Mass Index

Mathematically, BMI is kg/m
2
(kilograms per square meter).
BMI formula
BMI = (bodyweight in kg) (bodyheight in meters)
2

= (weight in kg)
(height in meters) * (height in meters)

Task calculate your BMI
Young children should be involved in physical activity for at
least 60 minutes every day.
Many children are too sedentary and do not meet the activity
requirements.
Due to:
Technology
Lack of opportunity
Lack of encouragement
Safety, etc.

Priority Lifestyles for Good Health
Three priority areas:
Physical activity, nutrition, stress
management
Reasons why these lifestyles
are especially critical:
They affect the lives of all people
Many people can make improvements
Small changes can have
a major impact on
individual and public
health
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 44
Managing stress



Natives vs Immigrants
WHAT? content
WHO?
HOW?
WHAT? skills
Health Related Fitness/Wellness
Health - state of being associated with
freedom from disease and illness.
Wellness - the positive component of
health; sense of well-being; a product;
multidimensional
Treatment vs. Promotion
Disease/Illness
Wellness
Disease

Treatment
Disease

Prevention

Health

Promotion

The Wellness Continuum
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 53
ILLNESS WELLNESS
neutral point
(no illness or wellness)
Health and Wellness are
Multi-Dimensional
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 54
The Dimensions
of Health and Wellness
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 55
-
+
Depressed
Happy
Emotional-Mental
Ignorant
Informed
Intellectual
Unfit
Fit
Physical
Lonely
Involved
Social
Unfulfilled
Fulfilled
Spiritual
Negative
Positive
Total Outlook
Achieving Wellness
Wellness is the product of healthy lifestyles just like
fitness is the
product of regular exercise

Wellness reflects how one feels about life as well as
ones ability to function effectively

Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 56


The Integration of Wellness
Dimensions
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 58


Physical Fitness
Multi-dimensional state of being
Bodys ability to function efficiently
and effectively
Not the same as physical health and
wellness
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 61
Physical Fitness contd
Consists of:
5 health-related fitness components
6 skill-related components (aka sports
fitness or motor fitness)
2 non-performance components
Specific, but interrelated
components

Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 62
Health Related Fitness
Cardiovascular endurance
Muscular endurance
Muscular strength
Flexibility
Body composition
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 63
Need for Fitness
Effective work
Good health
Face emergencies
Enjoyable leisure
Value of fitness
Look good
Feel good
Enjoy life
Be healthy
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 64

Physical Activity
Physical activity is a
priority lifestyle that
impacts health,
wellness, and fitness
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 66
Priority Lifestyles for Good Health
Three priority areas:
Physical activity, nutrition, stress
management
Reasons why these lifestyles
are especially critical:
They affect the lives of all people
Many people can make improvements
Small changes can have
a major impact on
individual and public
health
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 67
Managing stress
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 68
The HELP Philosophy:
The basis for a healthy lifestyle
A personal philosophy that emphasizes HEALTH
can lead to behaviors that promote it.
EVERYONE can benefit from healthy lifestyles
regardless of age or current health status.
Healthy behaviors are most effective when
practiced for a LIFETIME.
Healthy lifestyles should be based on PERSONAL
needs and interests.
H
E
L
P

The Stairway to Lifetime Fitness: A Path to
Independence
Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e 70
Regular Exercise
Regular Exercise
Achieving Fitness
Achieving Fitness
Personal Exercise Pattern
Personal Exercise Pattern
Fitness Evaluation
Fitness Evaluation
Problem Solver
Problem Solver
INDEPENDENCE
INDEPENDENCE
Levels of physical activity
participation

Everybody, regardless of age, needs to participate regularly
in some form of physical activity, as participation is
essential for individuals of all ages to lead healthy and
fulfilling lives.
(Report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace, 2003.)


Physical inactivity levels:

There is a clear lack of a physical activity and sports
participation culture in adolescents, with more than 1 in 4
indicating little or no interest.

More than 30% of adolescent girls, and nearly 10% of boys
are either overweight or obese.
The pattern is much the same for primary school children
with 22% of girls and 17% of boys being overweight or
obese.
South AFRICAN stats 2013
(discovery)
Overweight
10.6% - 18.2%
Obesity
4.5% - 4.7%
Overweight -2- 5 year olds
18.9% females
17.5% males
Obesity -2- 5 year olds
4.9% females
4.4% males
Overweight -2- 14 year
olds
16.5% females
11.5% males
Obesity-2- 14 year olds
7.1% females
4.7% males
Young children should be involved in physical activity for at
least 60 minutes every day.
Many children are too sedentary and do not meet the
activity requirements.
Due to:
Technology
Lack of opportunity
Lack of encouragement
Safety, etc.

The value of physical activity

Physical
Emotional
Cognitive
Social



PE makes a significant contribution
to learners social, personal and
emotional development (CAPS, p.9).



Physical:

Regulates and improves overall body function
Improves health-related fitness components
Cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular
endurance/strength/flexibility, body composition
Improved physical appearance
Delays the aging process
Decreases recovery time after injury or illness
Decreases risk of developing or dying from chronic
diseases
Etc.

Emotional:

Develops self esteem
Enhances self-confidence
Increases the ability to cope with stress
Helps resist depression
Increases the energy levels
Improves awareness of personal needs and the ways to
meet them
Learns to view life's difficulties as
challenges/opportunities rather than threats
Is fulfilling and enjoyable
Etc.

Social:

Increases communication skills
Develops ability to work together (team work)
Develops understanding, tolerance, etc.
Develops the ability to reach out to, understand and
care about others
Friendship
Etc.

Cognitive:

Expands and extends intellectual abilities
Problem-solving, decision-making, etc.
Increases productivity
Etc.

Sport vs pe









PE:

Includes everybody
Is designed to inspire a lifetime of physical activity
All ability levels can participate successfully
Is education of the physical and education through the physical


Learning to move and Moving to learn


PE timetable
Time allocated to PE
Grades R 3 2
hours/week
Grades 4 12 1
hour/week


CAPS overview of topics
Foundation phase
Intermediate phase
Senior phase
FET phase
SKVs for lifetime activity
Skills
Knowledge
Values
Requirements needed




An understanding of the importance of movement development
A sound knowledge of the level of development of your learners
A knowledge of what constitutes a balanced movement programme
A knowledge of how to implement the programme
The space/equipment necessary to present the programme effectively
Personal S,K,V



If you provide infrastructure and facilities (balls etc.) kids
will use them for play.....
Kids who are physically active at school are more
physically active after school...
Active children become active adults

Physical wellness
There are 4 major factors affecting your health:

Personal health behaviour
Physical environment
Hereditary influences
Health-care services

Personal behaviour


Sleeping habits
Diet
Weight
Exercise
Avoiding substance abuse


HRF fitness


Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
Body composition