a) inledning

b) analys och beskrivning (tolkning)

c) sammanfattande slutsats som inbegriper Din egen bedmning.
3-5 strana
Literature
!"enry #oore! - David $ylverser
!%n %rena&s 'arden! - $tephen $pender
!(he #odern )orld! *+orbert Lynton
Art of Henry Moore
%
"enry #oore ,as born -./..0 as the seventh of eight children0 in 1orkshire
- a mining region in +orthern 2ngland0 ,hose rugged countryside had a
decided effect on the artist3s response to the colors0 te4tures0 ,eights0
and malleability of stone and ,ood. 5 talk during $unday $chool about
#ichelangelo began his first considerations to be a sculptor. (he site of
the 'othic statuary in the local church0 helped to foster this idea. %n the
-/67s0 #oore studied at the 8oyal 9ollege of 5rt in London. %n -/63 he took
a trip to :aris0 studied 9e;anne and encountered 9ubism and $urrealism for
the first time.
During that period "enry ,orked vigorously on his art0 and his notebooks
,ere over,helmed ,ith sketches and ideas. %n London0 he studied in the (ate
'allery and the <ictoria and 5lbert #useum0 but he ,as especially
fascinated ,ith a collection of #e4ican 5;tec sculptures ,ithin the =ritish
#useum. (hese sculptures displayed to rhythm and shapes he ,ished to
display ,ithin his art and influenced him dramatically.
#oore graduated from the 895 in -/6>0 and in -/65 took up a travelling
scholarship to %taly. ?n his return0 he began teaching at the 895.
%n -/6. his first one-man e4hibition0 containing forty-t,o sculptures and
fifty-one dra,ings0 opened at the )arren 'allery. %t got some mi4ed
revie,s0 but he did sell a couple of his ,orks0 and he got brief national
attention
%n -/6/0 he married %rina 8adet;ky0 a 8ussian emigrant and student at the
895. $he ,as to give him the security that enabled him to ,ork effectively.
(hey moved to 9halk @arm in "ampstead0 ,here a community of artists lived0
included artists =en +icholson and =arbara "ep,orth0 and art critic "erbert
8ead.
#oore took part in %nternational $urrealist 24hibition in -/3A. "e ,as
signed on as ?fficial )ar 5rtist in -/>-. by Benneth 9lark0 and became a
(rustee of the (ate 'allery. During )ar years he ,as member on the boards
of many institutions0 including the +ational 'allery and the 5rts 9ouncil.
'oing home one night on the underground there ,as an air raid. #oore ,as
impressed by the people sleeping on the station platforms0 Chundreds of
"enry #oore 8eclining @igures stretched along the platforms.C. "e ,as
fascinated0 and ,ent back to sketch them. )ith these Cshelter dra,ingsC he
,on a more positive and sympathetic public response than ,ith his previous
,ork.
5fter )orld )ar %%0 #oore emerged as an internationally kno,n artist. "is
,ork ,as presented in a one-man sho, in -/>A at the #useum of #odern 5rt in
+e, 1ork. %n -/>. he ,on the %nternational $culpture :ri;e at the <enice
=iennale0 the first of numerous accolades. @rom then on0 the =ritish
9ouncil promoted his ,ork vigorously0 giving him an international celebrity
unprecedented for a living artist (e4cept possibly :icasso).
During the last three decades of his long career0 #oore increasingly turned
his attention to large-scale public sculpture0 as he responded to the
demand from public institutions and corporations around the ,orld.
%n -/D> opened the "enry #oore $culpture 9enter at the 5rt 'allery of
?ntario0 9anada. "enry #oore @oundation established at #uch "addon0 in -/DD ,hich gifted
3A
sculptures to the (ate in -/D.. %n -/.6 the "enry #oore $culpture 'allery and 9enter opened
at Leeds 5rt
'allery. =y the time of his death in -/.A at the age of ..0 #oore ,as still
sculpting seven days a ,eek. (he scale of his ,ork is very hugeE in total there are about /-/
sculptures0 5577 dra,ings and D-D graphics.
"e had become a celebrity artist - the most famous =ritish artist of the
67th century0 and one of the greatest artist of the )orld. "e is buried in the local church
at :erry 'reen0 >7 km northeast of London0 ,here he had lived and ,orked
since -/>7. 5fter his death0 his place ,as opened for public as the "enry
#oore $culpture :ark.
(oday0 the "enry #oore @oundation not only maintains #oore3s ,ork and
studios at :erry 'reen0 but preserves his legacy through e4hibitions and
the support of sculptors and sculpture proFects.
%%
Gntil #oore appearance =ritain ,as 5 land ,ithout sculptor of more than
local interest0 and ,ith him entered the international arena through Cbig
doorC. #oore ,as not a fundamentally revolutionary sculptor in the ,ay that
'abo0 =rancusi and :icasso ,ere. "e can be seen as a synthesi;er of various
trends. @rom =rancusi he learned the value of allo,ing the material to
command the character of the ,orkE $urrealism and 5rp revealed to him the
multiplicity of meaning found in familiar formsE some technical devices he
took from 5rchipenko and +aum 'abo. #ichelangelo (but also #asaccio) ,as
the primary influence on him0 as ,ell as ?ld 'reek sculpture and the
carving of pre-9olumbian #e4ico. %n the -/37s0 the ,ork of :ablo :icasso
and of contemporary abstract artists ,ere strong influencesE many of
#oore3s ,orks of that period are highly abstract0 consisting of simplified0
rounded pieces carved from ,ood0 ,ith numerous indentations and holes often
spanned ,ith veils of thin metal ,ires. (he most important and lasting
influence on #oore3s ,ork0 ho,ever0 ,as the ,orld of nature.
C(he human figure0C he later ,rote0 Cis ,hat interests me most deeply0 but
% have found principles of form and rhythm from the study of natural
obFects0 such as pebbles0 rocks0 bones0 trees0 plants.C
#oore is kno,n for his large0 semiabstract sculptures of the human figure.
2specially0 reclining female figures are a popular theme that occurs over
and over in his ,ork. %n fact0 #oore3s version of the reclining figure has
become an icon of public sculpture. %n #oore3s conception of volume one leg
and arm bear the full ,eight of the upper body and torso0 as architectural
columns ,ould do. "e tends to use opposite supporting arms and legs to
create a rhythmHbalance in his sculptures and dra,ings.
#oore himself brought an instinctive response to the physical ,orld and to
its Iualities of scale0 te4ture and mass0 and echoed them in sculptures
that ,ere often variations on the timeless theme of the reclining female
figure. %n these he fused into miraculous unity suggestions received from
the human image0 from landscape forms and from the structure of the
material itself.
Despite the fact that his forms are often heavy looking and his sculptures
are e4tremely heavy they have a grace created through the positioning of
limb and the addition of holes and path,ays that are as essential to the
figure as the figures themselves. #oore found that a sculpture become much
more intimate and less 3sculpture3 by using niches and hollo,s to break up
the mass. @or e4ample0 in one #oore family group sculpture a man and a
,oman sit ne4t to each other holding an infant. (he hollo, abdomens turn
the t,o seated figures into one large lap or pocket. (he suspended infant
lies ,ithin this and it appears to symboli;e the ,armth and comfort
e4pected of a mother3s ,omb.
#oore also believed that the material predetermined ho, the sculpture ,ent.
%f the subFect ,ere to be carved from stone0 the natural faults ,ould help
shape the figure ,ith him. %f the sculpture ,ere ,ood0 the knots and
accidents ,ould predetermine the ,ork.
"is favored themes include mother and child0 ,hich are often as the
%nternalH 24ternal @orm e4panded0 so that the fetus has Fust emerged from
the enveloping #other figure. %t is the #adonna and 9hild simplified.
5s the artist re,orked the image to larger than life si;e0 he turned to the
simplification found in internalHe4ternal form. "e finds in the simplification a monumentality
for his last maFor ,ork. #oore remarked0 C1ou can3t come to the outside of a figure ,ithout
kno,ing the inside0 or
,ithout understanding its constructionE it is like architecture ,hich has
an outside and an inside.C
"is favored themes include family groups0 fallen ,arriors0 and0 most
characteristically0 the reclining human figure0 ,hich he continued to
depict throughout his career0 ,orking in ,ood0 stone0 and -after -/57 in
bron;e0 and later in marble. (hese ,orks range from the realistic - such as
Draped 8eclining @igure (-/530 (ime-Life =uilding0 London)0 a massive
sculpture of a ,oman reclining on her elbo,sJto the abstract - such as
%nternal and 24ternal @orms (-/5>0 5lbright-Bno4 'allery0 =uffalo0 +e,
1ork)0 a large0 rounded bron;e sculpture pierced by a hollo, interior
containing a second abstract metal form.
Gnlike #oore3s usually preparatory sketches for his sculpture0 a series of
dra,ings of Londoners huddled in tube stations during )orld )ar %% air
raids stand on their o,n as ,orks of art. (hese so-called shelter dra,ings
poignantly e4press the impact of ,ar on defenseless civilians. $econd
largest collections of his sculpture0 dra,ings0 and prints (after collection of the "enry #oore
@oundation)
is o,ned by the 5rt 'allery of ?ntario0 (oronto.
#oore3s huge body of ,ork can be found in prominent sites all over the
,orld0 from London to Kerusalem0 from +e, 1ork to KapanE his sculptures
have been placed in more public places throughout the ,orld than any other
sculptor in history.
"e is one of the very fe, artists ,hose ,ork is instantly recogni;able to a
,ide public.
5mong his maFor public commissions are outdoor sculptures for the G+2$9?
headIuarters in :aris (-/5.)E Lincoln 9enter of the :erforming 5rts0 +19
(-/A5)E the 9ity "all of (oronto0 ?ntario (-/AA)E and the 2ast =uilding of
the +ational 'allery of 5rt0 )ashington0 D.9. (-/D.).
%n $,eden there are t,o #oore3s sculptures in bron;e.
?ne0 small is in $tockholm0 and another0 big ((hree parts resting figure -
-/DA) is in 'Lvle. $culpture in $tockholm0 called C24ternalH%nternal formC0 symbolically
presents mother ,ho protects her child0 and is one of #ooreJs
sketchesHvariants for his large sculpture CLarge 24ternalH%nternal formC
,hich original is in 9hicago ( and replica is at his sculpture park in
:erry 'reen).
=eside this t,o0 $kissernas #useum in Lund has one sculpture in plaster (gift from artist).
%%%
:ersonally0 % am very fond of "enry #oore3s sculptures. :rimarily0 because
of their abstract forms. (hese abstract forms can be perceived as keeping
many secrets and tales about human race and our civili;ation.
"enry #oore3s ,ork has a spirit and essence ,hich is universal0 and maybe0
his dramatic0 big volumes offers to spectators ans,ers on many personal0
intimate Iuestions and dilemmas0 ,hich each of us carry JM "is sculpture
symboli;es human bonds and ,ith his great body of ,orks he e4plores the
unity of art and mankind. (he theme of the mother and the child0 then not
only refers to the maternal relationships but is about fertility0 maternity
and gro,th - universal ideas. %t evokes images of the egg0 the ,omb and the
uncarved stone. "is art is reminiscent of some of the earliest primitive
images.
#oore ,as the most influential figure sculptor of the last century and
shall al,ays be remembered. 5fter having read his biography0 seen e4amples
of his sculptures0 and having understood the deep ,armth0 grace0 and
feeling that many of his sculptures convey0 one should have a deeper
understanding of the brilliance and dedication this great man had.
C(he creative habit is like a drug. (he particular obsession changes0 but
the e4citement0 the thrill of your creation lasts...C
(". #oore)