Higgs Field and Quantum Entanglement

The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an

electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the
mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution
La of the electromagnetic oscillators e!plains the electron"proton mass rate
by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges e!plain not only the
#a!ell $%uations and the &pecial 'elativity, but the Heisenberg (ncertainty
'elation, the ave particle duality and the electron)s spin also, building the
bridge beteen the *lassical and 'elativistic +uantum Theories. The self
maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges e%uivalent ith the
,eneral 'elativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the %uantum
level also, gives the base of the +uantum ,ravity. The diffraction patterns and
the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential e!plains also the
+uantum $ntanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic %uantum
theory.

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................... 2
Popular questions about the Higgs Field: ................................................................................ 2
How can we answer these questions? .................................................................................... 2
Quantum entanglement ........................................................................................................... 3
The Classical elati!istic effect .................................................................................................. 3
The elati!istic Quantum "echanics ......................................................................................... 3
The Heisenberg #ncertaint$ elation ......................................................................................... 3
The %eneral elati!it$ & 'lectromagnetic inertia and mass............................................................ (
'lectromagnetic )nduction .................................................................................................... (
elati!istic change of mass .................................................................................................... (
The frequenc$ dependence of mass ....................................................................................... (
'lectron * Proton mass rate .................................................................................................. (
Higgs Field .............................................................................................................................. (
The Higgs boson .................................................................................................................. +
,hat is the -pin? ................................................................................................................. +
The ,ea. )nteraction ........................................................................................................... +
Higgs mechanism ................................................................................................................. +
%ra!it$ from the point of !iew of quantum ph$sics ..................................................................... /
The %ra!itational force ......................................................................................................... /
The %ra!iton ....................................................................................................................... 0
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 0
eferences ............................................................................................................................. 0

1uthor: %eorge a2na
Preface
Popular questions about the Higgs Field:

345 )f the Higgs field is responsible for imbuing particles with mass6 and mass is responsible for
gra!it$6 is it possible that the Higgs field will pro!ide the missing lin. between general relati!it$ and
quantum mechanics i4e4 could the Higgs field be the basis of a quantum theor$ of gra!it$?
245 Can the theoretical Higgs Field be used as the 7cause8 of relati!istic momentum or relati!istic
.inetic energ$ of a mo!ing bod$?
345 9oes 'instein:s %eneral elati!it$ need to be ad2usted for the Higgs field?
(45 -ince the Higgs field gi!es most particles mass6 and permeates all space6 then % needs the Higgs
field to be a theor$ of space?
+45 -o where % is highl$ cur!ed6 the Higgs field is also cur!ed? 1nd does a highl$ cur!ed Higgs field
affect the wa$ particles acquire mass? For that matter6 a cur!ed space&time would also cur!e
electromagnetic field?
How can we answer these questions?
There is an e;planation of the magnetic effect caused b$ the electric current from the obser!ed
effects of the accelerating electrons6 causing naturall$ the e;perienced changes of the electric field
potential along the electric wire4 The charge distribution is lowering in the reference frame of the
accelerating charges linearl$: ds<dt = at >time coordinate56 but in the reference frame of the current
it is parabolic: s = a<2 t
2
>geometric coordinate54 The accelerating electrons e;plain not onl$ the
"a;well 'quations and the -pecial elati!it$6 but the Heisenberg #ncertaint$ elation6 the wa!e
particle dualit$ and the electron?s spin also6 building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum
Theories4 @3A
Bne origin of the Quantum Ph$sics is the Planc. 9istribution Caw of the electromagnetic oscillators6
gi!ing equal intensit$ for 2 different wa!elengths on an$ temperature4 1n$ of these two wa!elengths
will gi!e equal intensit$ diffraction patterns6 building different as$mmetric constructions6 for
e;ample proton & electron structures >atoms56 molecules6 etc4 -ince the particles are centers of
diffraction patterns the$ also ha!e particle * wa!e dualit$ as the electromagnetic wa!es ha!e4 The
'lectrowea. )nteraction shows that the ,ea. )nteraction is basicall$ electromagnetic in nature4 The
arrow of time shows the entrop$ grows b$ changing the temperature dependent diffraction patterns
of the electromagnetic oscillators4 @2A
Quantum entanglement
"easurements of ph$sical properties such as position6 momentum6 spin6 polariDation6 etc4
performed on entangled particles are found to be appropriatel$ correlated4 For e;ample6 if a pair of
particles is generated in such a wa$ that their total spin is .nown to be Dero6 and one particle is
found to ha!e cloc.wise spin on a certain a;is6 then the spin of the other particle6 measured on the
same a;is6 will be found to be countercloc.wise4 Eecause of the nature of quantum measurement6
howe!er6 this beha!ior gi!es rise to effects that can appear parado;ical: an$ measurement of a
propert$ of a particle can be seen as acting on that particle >e4g4 b$ collapsing a number of
superimposed states5F and in the case of entangled particles6 such action must be on the entangled
s$stem as a whole4 )t thus appears that one particle of an entangled pair G.nowsG what
measurement has been performed on the other6 and with what outcome6 e!en though there is no
.nown means for such information to be communicated between the particles6 which at the time of
measurement ma$ be separated b$ arbitraril$ large distances4 @/A


The Classical Relativistic effect
The mo!ing charges are self maintain the electromagnetic field locall$6 causing their mo!ement and
this is the result of their acceleration under the force of this field4
)n the classical ph$sics the charges will distributed along the electric current so that the electric
potential lowering along the current6 b$ linearl$ increasing the wa$ the$ ta.e e!er$ ne;t time period
because this accelerated motion4 @3A
The Relativistic Quantum echanics
The same thing happens on the atomic scale gi!ing a dp impulse difference and a d; wa$ difference
between the different part of the not point li.e particles4
Commonl$ accepted idea that the relati!istic effect on the particle ph$sics it is the fermions: spin &
another unresol!ed problem in the classical concepts4 )f the electric charges can mo!e onl$ with
accelerated motions in the self maintaining electromagnetic field6 once upon a time the$ would
reach the !elocit$ of the electromagnetic field4 The resolution of this problem is the spinning
particle6 constantl$ accelerating and not reaching the !elocit$ of light because the acceleration is
radial4
The Heisenberg !ncertaint" Relation
) thin. that we ha!e a simple bridge between the classical and quantum mechanics b$ understanding
the Heisenberg #ncertaint$ elations4 )t ma.es clear that the particles are not point li.e but ha!e a
d; and dp uncertaint$4
The #eneral Relativit" $ %lectromagnetic inertia and mass
%lectromagnetic &nduction
-ince the magnetic induction creates a negati!e electric field as a result of the changing acceleration6
it wor.s as an electromagnetic inertia6 causing an electromagnetic mass4 @3A
Relativistic change of mass
The increasing mass of the electric charges the result of the increasing inducti!e electric force acting
against the accelerating force4 The decreasing mass of the decreasing acceleration is the result of the
inducti!e electric force acting against the decreasing force4 This is the relati!istic mass change
e;planation6 especiall$ importantl$ e;plaining the mass reduction in case of !elocit$ decrease4
The frequenc" dependence of mass
-ince E = h and E = mc
2
6 m = h /c
2
that is the m depends onl$ on the frequenc$4 )t means that the
mass of the proton and electron are electromagnetic and the result of the electromagnetic
induction6 caused b$ the changing acceleration of the spinning and mo!ing chargeH )t could be that
the m
o
inertial mass is the result of the spin6 since this is the onl$ accelerating motion of the electric
charge4 -ince the accelerating motion has different frequenc$ for the electron in the atom and the
proton6 the$ masses are different6 also as the wa!elengths on both sides of the diffraction pattern6
gi!ing equal intensit$ of radiation4 @2A
%lectron ' Proton mass rate
There is an as$mmetr$ between the mass of the electric charges6 for e;ample proton and electron6
can understood b$ the as$mmetrical Planc. 9istribution Caw4 This temperature dependent energ$
distribution is as$mmetric around the ma;imum intensit$6 where the annihilation of matter and
antimatter is a high probabilit$ e!ent4 )n the ma;imum intensit$ no diffraction patterns with equal
intensit$ that is no fermions onl$ bosons4 The as$mmetric sides are creating different frequencies of
electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensit$ le!el and compensating each other4 Bne of
these compensating ratios is the electron * proton mass ratio4 The lower energ$ side has no
compensating intensit$ le!el6 it is the dar. energ$ and the corresponding matter is the dar. matter4
The Planc. distribution law e;plains the different frequencies of the proton and electron6 gi!ing
equal intensit$ to different lambda wa!elengthsH 1lso since the particles are diffraction patterns
the$ ha!e some closeness to each other * can be seen as a gra!itational force4
)n Quantum Field Theor$ >QFT56 particles are described b$ e;citations of a quantum field that
satisfies the appropriate quantum mechanical field equations4
The e;citations of the quantum field mean diffraction patterns in m$ theor$4 @2A
Higgs Field
The Higgs mechanism is a result of something called a field that e;tends throughout space6 e!en
where no particles are present4 This notion is probabl$ most familiar to $ou from a magnetic field4
Iou feel a force between a magnet and $our refrigerator e!en when 7nothing8 is there4 1 field can
fill 7empt$8 space4 The Higgs field e;tends throughout space4 'lementar$ particles acquire their
masses b$ interacting with this field4 )t is .ind of li.e space is charged and particles get mass through
their interactions with this charge4
The Higgs boson is not directl$ responsible for mass4 The Higgs field is4 The boson is a particle that
tells us our understanding of this mechanism is correct4 )t also is a big clue as to where that field
came from in the first place4 )ts disco!er$ tells us that what we e;pected to be true was indeed
correct6 and it gi!es us clues as to what else might underlie the -tandard "odel4 [4]
The Higgs boson
E$ "arch 2J336 the particle had been pro!en to beha!e6 interact and deca$ in man$ of the e;pected
wa$s predicted b$ the -tandard "odel6 and was also tentati!el$ confirmed to ha!e K parit$ and Dero
spin6 two fundamental criteria of a Higgs boson6 ma.ing it also the first .nown scalar particle to be
disco!ered in nature6 although a number of other properties were not full$ pro!en and some partial
results do not $et precisel$ match those e;pectedF in some cases data is also still awaited or being
anal$Ded4
)n m$ opinion6 the best e;planation of the Higgs mechanism for a la$ audience is the one in!ented b$
9a!id "iller4 Iou can find it here: http:<<www4strings4ph4qmul4ac4u.<L2mc<epp<higgs34html 4
The field must come first4 The boson is an e;citation of the field4 -o no field6 no e;citation4 Bn the
other hand in quantum field theor$ it is difficult to separate the field and the e;citations4
The Higgs field is what gi!es particles their mass4
There is a !ideo that gi!es an idea as to the Higgs field and the boson4 )t is here:
http:<<www4$outube4com<watch?!=)g3Mh0uP$w 4 Note that this analog$ isn:t as good as the "iller
one6 but as is usuall$ the case6 if $ou loo. at all the analogies $ou:ll get the best understanding of the
situation4
(hat is the )pin?
-o we .now alread$ that the new particle has spin Dero or spin two and we could tell which one if we
could detect the polariDations of the photons produced4 #nfortunatel$ this is difficult and neither
1TC1- nor C"- are able to measure polariDations4 The onl$ direct and sure wa$ to confirm that the
particle is indeed a scalar is to plot the angular distribution of the photons in the rest frame of the
centre of mass4 1 spin Dero particles li.e the Higgs carries no directional information awa$ from the
original collision so the distribution will be e!en in all directions4 This test will be possible when a
much larger number of e!ents ha!e been obser!ed4 )n the mean time we can settle for less certain
indirect indicators4
The (ea* &nteraction

-ince the Higgs boson is necessar$ to the , and O bosons6 the dipole change of the ,ea. interaction
and the change in the magnetic effect caused gra!itation must be conducted4 The ,ien law is also
important to e;plain the ,ea. interaction6 since it describes the T
ma;
change and the diffraction
patterns change4 @2A
Higgs mechanism
The magnetic induction creates a negati!e electric field6 causing an electromagnetic inertia4 Probabl$
it is the m$sterious Higgs field gi!ing mass to the charged particles? ,e can thin. about the photon
as an electron&positron pair6 the$ ha!e mass4 The neutral particles are built from negati!e and
positi!e charges6 for e;ample the neutron6 deca$ing to proton and electron4 The wa!e * particle
dualit$ ma.es sure that the particles are oscillating and creating magnetic induction as an inertial
mass6 e;plaining also the relati!istic mass change4 Higher frequenc$ creates stronger magnetic
induction6 smaller frequenc$ results lesser magnetic induction4 )t seems to me that the magnetic
induction is the secret of the Higgs field4
)n particle ph$sics6 the Higgs mechanism is a .ind of mass generation mechanism6 a process that
gi!es mass to elementar$ particles4 1ccording to this theor$6 particles gain mass b$ interacting with
the Higgs field that permeates all space4 "ore precisel$6 the Higgs mechanism endows gauge bosons
in a gauge theor$ with mass through absorption of Nambu*%oldstone bosons arising in spontaneous
s$mmetr$ brea.ing4
The simplest implementation of the mechanism adds an e;tra Higgs field to the gauge theor$4 The
spontaneous s$mmetr$ brea.ing of the underl$ing local s$mmetr$ triggers con!ersion of
components of this Higgs field to %oldstone bosons which interact with >at least some of5 the other
fields in the theor$6 so as to produce mass terms for >at least some of5 the gauge bosons4 This
mechanism ma$ also lea!e behind elementar$ scalar >spin&J5 particles6 .nown as Higgs bosons4
)n the -tandard "odel6 the phrase GHiggs mechanismG refers specificall$ to the generation of masses
for the ,
P
6 and O wea. gauge bosons through electrowea. s$mmetr$ brea.ing4 The Carge Hadron
Collider at C'N announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on Qul$ (6 2J32 but stressed
that further testing is needed to confirm the -tandard "odel4
#ravit" from the point of view of quantum ph"sics
The #ravitational force
The gra!itational attracti!e force is basicall$ a magnetic force4
The same electric charges can attract one another b$ the magnetic force if the$ are mo!ing parallel
in the same direction4 -ince the electricall$ neutral matter is composed of negati!e and positi!e
charges the$ need 2 photons to mediate this attracti!e force6 one per charges4 The Eing Eang caused
parallel mo!ing of the matter gi!es this magnetic force6 e;perienced as gra!itational force4
-ince gra!iton is a tensor field6 it has spin = 26 could be 2 photons with spin = 3 together4
Iou can thin. about photons as !irtual electron * positron pairs6 obtaining the necessar$ !irtual
mass for gra!it$4
The mass as seen before a result of the diffraction6 for e;ample the proton * electron mass rate
"p=3R(J "e4 )n order to mo!e one of these diffraction ma;imum >electron or proton5 we need to
inter!ene into the diffraction pattern with a force appropriate to the intensit$ of this diffraction
ma;imum6 means its intensit$ or mass4

The Eig Eang caused acceleration created radial currents of the matter6 and since the matter is
composed of negati!e and positi!e charges6 these currents are creating magnetic field and attracting
forces between the parallel mo!ing electric currents4 This is the gra!itational force e;perienced b$
the matter6 and also the mass is result of the electromagnetic forces between the charged particles4
The positi!e and negati!e charged currents attracts each other or b$ the magnetic forces or b$ the
much stronger electrostatic forcesH?

The gra!itational force attracting the matter6 causing concentration of the matter in a small space
and lea!ing much space with low matter concentration: dar. matter and energ$4
There is an as$mmetr$ between the mass of the electric charges6 for e;ample proton and electron6
can understood b$ the as$mmetrical Planc. 9istribution Caw4 This temperature dependent energ$
distribution is as$mmetric around the ma;imum intensit$6 where the annihilation of matter and
antimatter is a high probabilit$ e!ent4 The as$mmetric sides are creating different frequencies of
electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensit$ le!el and compensating each other4 Bne of
these compensating ratios is the electron * proton mass ratio4 The lower energ$ side has no
compensating intensit$ le!el6 it is the dar. energ$ and the corresponding matter is the dar. matter4

The #raviton
)n ph$sics6 the gra!iton is a h$pothetical elementar$ particle that mediates the force of gra!itation in
the framewor. of quantum field theor$4 )f it e;ists6 the gra!iton is e;pected to be massless >because
the gra!itational force appears to ha!e unlimited range5 and must be a spin&2 boson4 The spin
follows from the fact that the source of gra!itation is the stress&energ$ tensor6 a second&ran. tensor
>compared to electromagnetism:s spin&3 photon6 the source of which is the four&current6 a first&ran.
tensor54 1dditionall$6 it can be shown that an$ massless spin&2 field would gi!e rise to a force
indistinguishable from gra!itation6 because a massless spin&2 field must couple to >interact with5 the
stress&energ$ tensor in the same wa$ that the gra!itational field does4 This result suggests that6 if a
massless spin&2 particle is disco!ered6 it must be the gra!iton6 so that the onl$ e;perimental
!erification needed for the gra!iton ma$ simpl$ be the disco!er$ of a massless spin&2 particle4 @3A
Conclusions
The electric currents causing self maintaining electric potential is the source of the special and
general relati!istic effects4 The Higgs Field is the result of the electromagnetic induction4 The
%ra!iton is two photons together4
The accelerated charges self&maintaining potential shows the localit$ of the relati!it$6 wor.ing on
the quantum le!el also4 @3A
The -ecret of Quantum 'ntanglement that the particles are diffraction patterns of the
electromagnetic wa!es and this wa$ their quantum states e!er$ time is the result of the quantum
state of the intermediate electromagnetic wa!es4 @2A

References
@3A The "agnetic field of the 'lectric current and the "agnetic induction
1uthor: %eorge a2na
Publication date: 3+<JS<2J33
,ebsite: 1cademia4edu
http:<<academia4edu<3R3333+<TheT"agneticTfieldTofTtheT'lectricTcurrent
Cast accessed: 2R<J2<2J3(
@2A 3 9imensional -tring Theor$
1uthor: %eorge a2na
Publication date: 33<J/<2J33
,ebsite: 1cademia4edu
http:<<academia4edu<3R3((+(<3T9imensionalT-tringTTheor$
Cast accessed: 2R<J2<2J3(
@3A %ra!iton Production E$ Two Photon and 'lectron&Photon Processes )n UaluDa&Ulein Theories ,ith
Carge ';tra 9imensions
1uthors: 9a!id 1twood6 -haoul$ Ear&-halom6 1mar2it -oni
Journal reference: Phys.Rev. D61 (2000) 116011
Publication date: 23<JS<3SSS
,ebsite: 1r;i!4org
http:<<ar;i!4org<abs<hep&ph<SSJS3S2
Cast accessed: 2R<J2<2J3(
@(A ';plaining the Higgs * )nter!iew with Cisa andall6 Professor of -cience in Har!ard?s 9epartment
of Ph$sics
E$ -arah -weene$6 Har!ard -taff ,riter
Publication date: 33<J3<2J3(
,ebsite: Har!ard %aDette
http:<<news4har!ard4edu<gaDette<stor$<2J3(<J3<e;plaining&the&higgs<
Cast accessed: 2R<J2<2J3(
@+A Quantum 'ntanglement
http:<<en4wi.ipedia4org<wi.i<QuantumTentanglement
@/A -pace&based e;periment could test gra!it$:s effects on quantum entanglement
http:<<ph$s4org<news<2J3(&J+&space&based&gra!it$&effects&quantum&entanglement4html