Name -nishant kumar

Roll-213ec5246

AIM: To design Frequency Modulator and Demodulator using TMS Processor.
THEORY:
FREQUENCY MODULATION
Frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the
instantaneous frequency of the wave. Frequency modulation is used in many fields including
transceivers and FM radio broadcasting. There are various reasons why FM is used, but the main
reasons are as follows.
1) It has good tone quality
2) Its resistant to noise
3) The hardware is cheap
4) It has a good track record with reliable communication
5)You can set an appropriate modulation factor to improve signal to noise
6) Its resistant to fading
7) The technology is well established
8) Component parts are readily available

There are several devices that are capable of generating FM signals, such as VCO or a
reactance modulator. Frequency modulation can be regarded as phase modulation where the
carrier phase modulation is the time integral of the FM modulating signal.

FM DEMODULATION
Demodulation is the act of extracting the original information- bearing signal from a
modulated carrier wave or the process of separating the original information or signal from the
modulated carrier wave. This process is used in the receivers to recover the original signal
coming from the sender end n modulating form. We can say that its function is opposite to that
of modulation process.
There are several ways to demodulation depending upon how parameters of the base-
band signal are transmitted in the carrier signal, such as amplitude, frequency or phase. For a
signal modulated with a linear modulation, like Amplitude modulation we can use a synchronous
detector, for a signal modulated with an angular modulation use a Frequency demodulator.



There are several common types of FM demodulation, some of them are:
1. The Quadrature Detector, which phase shifts the signal by 90 and multiplies it with un-
shifted version. One of the terms that drop out from this operation is the original
information signal, which is selected and amplified.
2. The signal is fed into a PLL and the error signal is used as the demodulated signal.
3. The most common is a Foster-Seeley discriminator. This is composed of an electronic
filter which decreases the amplitude of some frequencies relative to others, followed by
an AM demodulator. If the filter response changes linearly with frequency the final
analog output will be proportional to the input frequency, as desired.
4. A variant of the Foster Seeley discriminator called the Ratio detector.
5. Another method uses two AM demodulators; one tuned to high end of the band and other
to the low end, and feed the output into a difference amplifier.


Simulink




Results-
Fm mod


fm demod