PAPER TASK

INTRODUCTION OF LINGUSTIC
CLASS :
A
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION OF HELLEN KELLER
AUTHOR BY :
MERRY DARMA PUSPITA ( 112154219 )
KHUSNEIN KHORIN NADA ( 122154002 )
DEWI WIJAYANTI ( 12215403 )
HERISKA AYU PRANINGTYAS ( 122154014 )


The Language and Communication of Helen Keler

Introduction

Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use
language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.
Language can be defined as verbal, physical, biologically innate, and a basic
form of communication.
Behaviourists often define language as a learned behaviour involving a
stimulus and a response.(Ormrod,1995)
Often times they will refer to language as verbal behaviour, which is language
that includes gestures and body movements as well as spoken word. ( Pierce,&
Eplin,1999).
When we define language we have to be careful not to exclude symbols,
gestures,or motions. This is because if we exclude these from our definition,
we will be denying the language of the deaf blind community.
All human languages share basic characteristics, some of which are
organizational rules and infinite generativity.
Infinite Generativity of language is the ability to produce an infinite number of
sentences using a limited set of rules and words. for example, the story of a
blind and deaf girl be inspiration in the world is Helen Keler. How she learn
about life in the world with her special language and distinguish with a
normally peoples. although, she get blind-deaf and she never give up.

Helen Adams Keller was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She
was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. The story of
how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a
near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to
communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of
the play and film The Miracle Worker. Her birthday on June 27 is
commemorated as Helen Keller Day in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and was
authorized at the federal level by presidential proclamation by President
Jimmy Carter in 1980, the 100th anniversary of her birth.
A prolific author, Keller was well-travelled and outspoken in her convictions. A
member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the
World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, and other
radical left causes. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame
in 1971. Helen Keller is the woman who became an inspiration for all the
world. and she is a rights defenders a womans, advocates for the dissable
peoples as well productive and successful author.
Helen Keller could prove that disabilities can not constrain people to succeed,
for there self-confidence, hard work and passion.
Themes and history about Helen very interesting to be discussed for linguistic
task and make material in paper. therefore we undertake the study of
language and communication used by Helen Keler.








Topic :
1. How Helen Keller study and recognize a special language as a deaf-blind ?

2. How to way Hellen Keller communication with her language ?























Contains

1. Helen Keller study and recognize a special language as a deaf-blind

Almost every human child succeeds in learning language. As a result, people
often tend to take the process of language learning for granted. To many,
language seems like a basic instinct, as simple as breathing or blinking. But
language is not simple at all; in fact it is the most complex skill that a human
being will ever master. That nearly all people succeed in learning this complex
skill demonstrates how well language has adapted to human nature. In a very
real sense, language is the complete expression of what it means to be human.

Helen was born in Alabama in 1880, shes the daughter of Captain Arthur
Henley Keller couples and Kate Adam Keller . When born Helen had normal
vision and hearing and lost her sight and hearing after an illness at the age of
two. Suddenly cut off in a world of dark and silence, Helen became quite wild
and animal-like. blind and deaf, Helen Keller survive only by instinct. despite
living in an established and good-educated family, Hellen cant show good
manners and behavior at the dinner table or in interaction with others. Mr.
Keller was desperate to progress both his daughter, and Mrs. Keller continues
to provide rewards over hellen behavior that could not control. James, Hellens
stepbrother, always to mock Hellen.

Over time , when Helen was 6 years old , her family became desperate . After
seeing Helen proved too much for them , Kate Keller had read in Charles
Dickens book " American Notes " , done a fantastic job with the deaf and blind
child , Laura Bridgman and traveled to a specialist doctor in Baltimore for
advice . They got confirmation that Helen would never see or hear again but
they never to give up. the doctor believed Helen could be taught and he
advised them to visit the local expert on the problems of deaf children . This
expert was Alexander Graham Bell , inventor of the telephone. Bell was now
concentrating on what he considers to be his true vocation , teaching deaf
children .

Alexander Graham Bell suggested that the Kellers write to Michael Anagnos ,
director of the Perkins Institution and the Asylum for the Blind in
Massachusetts , and asked him to try to find a teacher for Helen . Michael
Anagnos considered Helen's case and immediately recommended a former
pupil of the institution , the woman was Anne Sullivan .

Anne Sullivan

Anne Sullivan lost most of her eyesight at the age of 5 years . In October 1880 ,
before Anne finally went and started entering Institursi education at Perkins .
One summer during her time at the institute, Anne get two operations on her
eyes , which earned her enough vision to be able to read normal print for short
periods of time .

Anne was graduated from Perkins in 1886 and began looking for work . Getting
a outstanding job difficult for Anne , due to poor eyesight and when she got an
offer from Michael Anagnos to work as a teacher of Helen Keller a deaf , blind
and mute , though she does not have experience in this field and she accepted
it with pleasure liver .




Anne meet Hellen

On March 3, 1887 Anne arrived at the house in Tuscumbia and for the first
time met Helen Keller . Anne immediately started teaching Helen to finger spell
. Spell the word " D-O-L-L " for the first word to mark the gift she brought to
Helen . The next word she taught Helen was " C-A-K-E ". Although Helen could
repeat these finger movements , she can not fully understand what it means .
And when Anne struggled to try to help her to understand , she was also
struggling to control the bad behavior continued Helen .

Inversely what the Kellers family to do for Hellen whos always spoiling and let
it with give her cake and candy. Mrs . Sullivan didnt provide rewards over and
spoilling to Hellen for bad behavior such as shouting , seeking attention for get
what she wants or rolling around on the floor. Mrs . Sullivan will ignore the
whining hellen unwarranted . she also doesnt let Hellen took a food from
other people's plates , she always taugh Hellen for stop doing to do .
it is consistent with the theory that suggest learning extinction or waiver of bad
behavior , but thats not at risk , and provides penalties for bad behavior with
immediate risk .

Hellen Keller is an extreme example for children who have difficulty learning a
language . as a mother , can understand how you feel Mrs . Keller and how
difficult for him receiving learning method is applied by Mrs . Sullivan.
she conflict between despair and hope, between the desire for progress and
carity with her daughter , Mrs . Keller eventually gave the opportunity and
confidence to ms . Sullivan to educate Hellen way .

The first thing thats ught Mrs . Sullivans language . letter by letter drawn up
through the fingers movements . every word juxtaposed directly with the
object to be touched and felt by hellen .
why language ? because language is a window of the world . without
understanding the language one can not understand the world . The world is
not to be understood as something large and unspoiled . Hellen world is food ,
games , family ,education and the physical environment in which it lives .

Anne and Helen moved to a small cottage on the land that is still part of the
main house to fix Helen 's behavior with special language for her. and
particular attention to the attitude of Helen's table . Helen used to eat with his
hands carelessly plucks from everyone's plate on the table . Anne tried to fix
the attitude of Helen's table and making brush her own hair and button her
shoes led to more and more tackle tantrums . Anne punished these tantrums
by refusing to " Speak" with Helen by spelling words with his hands .

Mrs.Sullivan taught her language by putting objects in one hand while spelling
out their names in finger-alphabet on the other. As Helen later recalled the
momentous event, one day Annie took her into the garden and held her hand
under the spout of a water pump:

"As the cool stream gushed over one hand, [Annie] spelled into the other the
word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed
upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of
something forgotten - a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery
of language was revealed to me. I knew then that W-A-T-E-R meant the
wonderful cooling something that was flowing over my hand. That living word
awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free!"
Helen claimed that from the moment she knew everything in the world had a
name, the effect on her mind was explosive. Within four months, Helen could
finger-spell 300 words. By the age of eight, her "awakening" had become so
famous that she was meeting President Stephen Cleveland and Dr Alexander
Graham Bell.


Helen Keller was very happy. she was quick to grasp what Sullivan taught her .
Sullivan then teach braille Keller ( letters for blind people ) . Keller began to
read books such as Snow White and the seven Dwarfs and Little Ugly Duckling
with braille system . Hellen gradually became familiar with the outside world .

Helen Keller then went to a special school for disable peoples. There she
learned to use sign language to communicate with his friends . With his finger
she studied a variety of topics such as mathematics , Geography , History ,
Biology , and also learn a foreign language . Keller often spent time studying at
the school library to further hone her knowledge .

She has one unfulfilled desire that he wanted to speak . Helen is not dumb just
because as a child he was not able to hear and see that he can not imitate
voices. Keller then expressed the desire to Sullivan . It's a tough task for
Sullivan , but he believed she could reach it .

Sullivan then took Helen Keller meet a woman who is an expert to train
students to talk to a deaf mute . The woman then grabbed her hand and put it
on the jaw and throat and began to make a sound . Learning a language
process is very slow and difficult . He wants to emulate Keller by using his
hands to adjust the teeth and tongue properly in order to produce the right
sound . Helen Keller tried very hard to sound resulting to try ad learn. She
always up a sweat just seek to produce the right sound for even the simplest
words .
She asked Sullivan to practice at home with him . After going through a difficult
and lengthy process finally Helen could speak well . Keller then learn French ,
German , Latin and other foreign languages .

Because language is based on such a wide variety of alternative cognitive skills,
children can often compensate for deficits in one area by emphasizing their
skills in another area. Helen Keller, a girl who was not just deaf but blind as
well. Despite her double handicap, Helen was able to graduate from university,
write books and even make a living giving public talks. The case of Helen Keller
is perhaps the best such example of compensation. Although Keller had lost
both her hearing and her vision, she was able to learn words by observing how
her guardian traced out patterns of letters in her hand. In this way, even when
some of the normal supports are removed, children can still learn language.

The basic uses of language are heavily over-determined by this rich system of
multiple supports. As a child moves away from the basic uses of language into
the more refined areas of literacy and specific genres, progress can slow. In
these later periods, language is still supported by multiple sources, but each of
the supports grows weaker, and progress toward the full competency required
in the modern workplace is less inevitable.





2. How to way Hellen Keller communication with her language ?

Language is a form rules of system symbols used in children communicate and
adapt to the environment are carried out to exchange ideas , thoughts and
emotions . Theycan be expressed through speech that refers to the verbal
symbols . Besides the language can also be expressed through writing , music
and gestural marks . Language may also include aspects of nonverbal
communication such as gestures , gestural or pantomime . Gestures are
expressions of hand and arm movements to emphasize the meaning of speech
. Mime is a means of communication that is changing with the verbal
communication that includes some gestural action ( movement expression that
uses every part of the body ) with a meaning that is different
Communication is a tool used by humans to interact with one another in the
form of language . Communication occurs both verbally and non-verbally is by
writing , reading and sign or symbol . The language itself is a complex process
and does not just happen . Each individual communicates through language
requires a process that develops in stages age . How language can be used to
communicate has always been an interesting question for discussion that led
to many theories about language acquisition .
Word comes from the Latin " lingua " meaning tongue . Initially sense refers
only to talk , but later used as a conventional system of symbols used in
communication .
American Speech - Language Hearing Association Committee on Language
defines language as : a conventional sign systems are complex and dynamic
that is used in a variety of ways of thinking and communicating .



In 1930, Helen have dream to be able to speak is not merely a wishful thinking.
Helen teacher , Anne Sullivan who accompanied him during the 49 years of
teaching Helen to speak . He taught Helen to feel the words by putting his
hand in the face of the speaker : the thumb is placed in the larynx , the index
finger on his lips , and the middle finger in the nose . By identifying vibration
issued by his interlocutor , Helen began learning to speak .

Women remarkable and persistent is finally able to communicate and make a
sound , though not as smoothly we , humans are endowed with a complete
organ and normal . However, Helen was still save a huge disappointment in his
life . This is a disappointment that kept stored by Helen , who delivered when
he was aged old :

" Thats not blindness or deafness This is brings me to the darkest times in my
life . Cant speak normally is disappointment that led me to the future upsed . I
crave what I could do better , if only I could speak normally . But , beyond this
sad experience , I became be better understanding of all the aspirations ,
ambitions failure , and also the infinite expectation of the people. "

There is a basic fundamental difference between speech and language . speak
is pronunciation skills of a person who shows utter sounds in a word .
Language means the states and receive information in a particular way .
Language is one way to communicate . Receptive language is the ability to
understand whats seen and what to heard . Expressive language is ability to
communicate symbolically either visually ( writing , giving the sign ) or
auditory.

A child like Helen Keller with language disorders may be he can pronounce the
words clearly but can not compose two words properly , or otherwise a child
may be able to utter a word that is a little difficult to understand but he can
arrange the words correctly to expressed an interest .
Speech and language problems are actually different but both of these issues
often overlap . They had a disorders consist of problem articulation , voice ,
fluency ( stuttering ) , aphasia ( difficulty in using words , usually as a result of
brain injury ) as well as delay in speech or language . Speech and language
delays can be caused by various factors including environmental factors or
hearing loss and disorders are also closely linked with other areas that support
these processes as a function muscular mouth and auditory function . Delays
and disorders can range from simple shapes like the sound of a voice that is "
not normal " ( nasal , rasping ) to the inability to understand or use language ,
or the inability of oral motor mechanism in its function to talk and eat .
Developmental disorders include articulation utter failure of the letter to a few
letters , frequent removal or replacement of the letter sounds , giving rise to
the impression of the way he spoke like a child . It also can be a nuisance in
pitch , volume or sound quality .
Thats thing experienced by Helen Keler is Aphasia thats loss of the ability to
form words or lose the ability for capture the meaning of words so that the
conversation can not take place properly . Children with a history of acquired
aphasia early language development is normal , and has an onset after head
trauma or other neurological disorders ( eg, seizures ) .
Stuttering is a fluency disorder or abnormality in the pace or rhythm of speech
. There is repetition of sounds , syllables , or words , or a blocking spasmodic ,
tonic spasms can occur from such speech muscles of the tongue, lips and
larynx . There is a tendency in the absence of a family history of stuttering . In
addition , stuttering can also be caused by pressure from parents to children
speak clearly , lateralization disorder , insecurity , and the child's personality .

This might not be like the other journals that tell you all about the owners
lives. We do not really want to discuss about my personal life yet ( hm, maybe
only a little bit) .Today we remembered about a movie based on a true story
of a girl named Hellen Keller. We watched the movie a long time ago ( I do
not really remember what year- hmm I have such a bad memory sometimes,
hehe) and I felt in love instantly with the movie. A few days later, We just
realized that the movie We watched the other day was a true story of a
famous figure Hellen Keller, the young deaf, mute and blind girl. If We were
her, We would not be able to overcome it at all. Her childhood was so tough
that she sometimes became really rude to people around her even her own
parents. She had to struggle with herself ; she had to accept the way she was
and that was not easy. It is understandable why she became sensitive most of
the time. We still remember the movie clearly- a poor little Hellen Keller. We
remember clearly how she really wanted to communicate at her early age.
Her private teacher was a very patient teacher, but a strict one too when she
was needed to be. Once, the teacher got mad as Hellen Keller always wanted
to be alone and did not want to learn anything at all. The teacher became so
mad that she did not want to have a talk with her. What the teacher had
done to Hellen by ignoring her seemed to be working; Hellen Keller changed
her behaviour and she showed her strong will to learn.

Teach me how to communicate because I want to show my feelings to you
Helen Keller

That was the impression I could get when I saw the scene where Hellen Keller
cried as her teacher was about to leave her. One time, the teacher seemed
to be saying :

Enough, I have had it enough. I just dont know how to help you if you dont
want to help yourself. I have failed.

The first word she learned was Water. The teacher tried to write it down on
her palm so that she could feel it and remember it. It was not easy for Hellen
to learn this. Then the teacher asked Hellen Keller to come along with her to a
fountain near Hellens home. Anna Sullivan, the teacher, asked Hellen to dip
her hands in the pool, and feel the water. Again, She wrote water on Hellens
palm. This kind of learning system went on until she became a successful
person on her own.

We admire them both a whole lot!
Anna Sullivan as the teacher, for having been a patient teacher, for having had
such a brilliant learning system, for having been discipline even to a girl who
had a special need.

Hellen Keller. I just cant imagine living in the dark, and not being able to hear,
and talk. But, she managed to survive, and be a successful person.

I am way luckier. And I shall not complain too much about life. I know we can
not always get what we want in life, and I think I am blessed to have all those
complete senses ._Helen keler


Conclusion

Language is an effective means of communication for humans . Why ? Due to
the wide variety of situations can be exploited languages . Ability is a gift from
God Almighty . We can not imagine how the human condition in absence of
language that acts as a communication tool . Culture and civilization certainly
will not thrive in the absence of language .

The use of language as a communication tool , has a purpose for us to be
understood by others . The language itself is a tool to communicate through
verbal ( primary language ) and writing ( secondary language ) . Communicating
via the oral ( produced by the human vocal organs ) , which is in the form of
sound symbols , where each symbol has its own characteristic sound . A
symbol may sound the same to our ears but have very different meanings .

Helen Keller was an incredible woman and persistent is finally able to
communicate and make a sound, though not as smoothly we, human beings
are endowed with a complete organ and normal. and she proved to the world
that she has not the limitations of the language and communication with her
special language .