BALANCED THREE

BALANCED THREE
-
-
PHASE
PHASE
AC CIRCUIT
AC CIRCUIT
Balanced Three-Phase Voltage Sources
Delta Connection
Star Connection
Balanced 3-phase Load
Delta Connection
Star Connection
Power in a Balanced Phase Circuit
Introduction
Three Phase System
Balanced Three Phase Voltages
Three-phase voltage sources
a) wye-connected source b) delta-connected source
If the voltage source have the same amplitude and
frequency and are out of phase with each other by
120
o
, the voltage are said to be balanced.
0 V V V
cn bn an
= + +
cn bn an
V V V = =
Balanced phase voltages are equal in magnitude and
out of phase with each other by 120
o
Balanced Three Phase Voltages
0
p
0
p cn
0
p bn
0
p an
120 V 240 V V
120 V V
0 V V
+ = =
=
=
abc sequence or positive sequence:
acb sequence or negative sequence:
0
p
0
p bn
0
p cn
0
p an
120 V 240 V V
120 V V
0 V V
+ = =
=
=
p
V
is the effective or rms value

V
a
V
b
V
c
t
V
V
m
Balanced Three Phase Loads
Two possible three-phase load configurations:
a) a Star or Y-connected load b) a delta-connected load
For a balanced wye connected load:
Y 3 2 1
Z Z Z Z = = =
= = = Z Z Z Z
c b a
For a balanced delta connected load:
Y
Z 3 Z =

= Z
3
1
Z
Y
Example 1
V V
an
= 10 200 V V
bn
= 230 200
Determine the phase sequence of the set of voltages
van = 2 200 cos(t + 10)
vbn = 2 200 cos(t 230), vcn = 2 200 cos(t 110)
Solution:
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form as
We notice that Van leads Vcn by 120 and Vcn in turn leads Vbn by
120.
Hence, we have an acb sequence.
V V
cn
= 110 200
V V
an
= 150 110
V V
bn
= 30 110
Given that , find Van and Vcn, assuming a
positive (abc) sequence.
Answer:
V V
cn
= 90 110
Balanced Y-Y Connection
A balanced Y-Y systemis a three phase system with a balanced Y connected
source and balanced Y connected load.
L s Y
L
s
Z Z Z Z
Z
Z
Z
+ + =
=
=
=
l
l
Source impedance
Line impedance
Load impedance
L Y
Z Z =
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
L s Y
Y
L
s
Z Z Z Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
+ + =
=
=
=
=
l
l
Source impedance
Line impedance
Load impedance
Total impedance per phase
L Y
Z Z =
Balanced Y-Y Connection
0
p ca
0
p bc
0
p ab
210 V 3 V
90 V 3 V
30 V 3 V
=
=
=
Line to line voltages or line voltages
given that phase a voltage is reference
can be shown to be:
p L
p L
I I
V V
=
= 3
ca bc ab L
V V V V = = =
cn bn an p
V V V V = = =
120
o
V
cn
30
o
V
bn
V
ab
V
an
Balanced Y-Y Connection
Given the phase voltages, the line current can be calculated as:
Applying KVL to each phase:
Y
an
a
Z
V
I =
0
a
Y
0
an
Y
bn
b
120 I
Z
120 V
Z
V
I =

= =
0
a
Y
0
an
Y
cn
c
240 I
Z
240 V
Z
V
I =

= =
0 I I I I
n c b a
= = + +
0 I Z V
n n nN
= =
Y
an
a
Z
V
I =
Thus, the per-phase equivalent
circuit can be expressed as:
A balanced positive-sequence Y-connected 60 Hz three-phase source has
phase voltage Va=1000V. Each phase of the load consists of a 0.1-H
inductance in series with a 50- resistance.
Find the line currents, the line voltages, the power and the reactive power
delivered to the load. Draw a phasor diagram showing line voltages, phase
voltages and the line currents. Assuming that the phase angle of V
an
is zero.
0
0
37
37 62 . 62 7 . 37 50
=
= + = + =

j L j R Z
0
0 0
15.97 37
15.97 157 , 15.97 83
an
aA
bB cC
V
I
Z
I I
= =
= =
&
&
& &
Y-Y configuration Example:1
0 0 0 0
3 30 1732 30 1732 90 , 1732 150
ab an bc ca
V V V V = = = =
& & & &
Example 2
1- Calculate the line
currents in the three wire
Y-Y system of figure
below.
2- A Y-connected balanced three-phase generator with an impedance of
0.4+j0.3 per phase is connected to a Y-connected balanced load with
an impedance of 24 + j19 per phase. The line joining the generator
and the load has an impedance of 0.6 + j0.7 per phase.
Assuming a positive sequence for the source voltages and that
Find: (a) the line voltages (b) the line currents
V V
an
0
30 120 =
Balanced Y-Delta Connection
CA
0
p ca
BC
0
p bc
AB
0
p ab
V 210 V 3 V
V 90 V 3 V
V 30 V 3 V
= =
= =
= =
Line voltages:
= =
= =
= =
90 3
150 3
30 3
AB BC CA c
AB AB BC b
AB CA AB a
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
Line currents:

= = =
Z
V
I
Z
V
I
Z
V
I
CA
CA
BC
BC
AB
AB
; ;
Phase currents:
A balanced Y- systemconsists of balanced Y connected source feeding a
balanced connected load.
Balanced Y-Delta Connection
3
Z
Z
Y

=
) 240 1 1 ( I I I I
240 I I
0
AB CA AB a
0
AB CA
= =
=
0
AB a
30 3 I I =
3 I I
p L
=
c b a L
I I I I = = =
CA BC AB p
I I I I = = =
Magnitude line currents:
A single phase equivalent circuit
3 /

= =
Z
V
Z
V
I
an
Y
an
a
Y-Delta configuration: Example 3
1- A balanced abc sequence Y-connected source with
is connected to a -connected balanced load (8+j4) per phase.
Calculate the phase and line currents.
V 10 100 V
0
an
=
V V
AB
0
20 180 = 2-One line voltage of a balanced Y-connected source is
If the source is connected to a -connected load of , find
the phase and line currents.
Assume the abc sequence.

0
40 20
Balanced Delta-Delta
Connection
A balanced - systemis one in which both balanced
source and balanced load are connected.
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection

=
=
=
Z
V
I
Z
V
I
Z
V
I
CA
CA
BC
BC
AB
AB
CA ca
BC bc
AB ab
V V
V V
V V
=
=
=
Line voltages:
Line currents:
3 I I
p L
=
Magnitude line currents:
3
Z
Z
Y

=
Total impedance:
Phase currents:
= =
= =
= =
90 3
150 3
30 3
AB BC CA c
AB AB BC b
AB CA AB a
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
A balanced - systemis the one in which both balanced source and balanced
load are connected.
A delta-connected source
supplies a delta-connected
load through wires having
impedances of Z
line
=0.3+j0.4,
the load impedance are
Z

=30+j6 , the balanced

source ab voltage is
Vab=1000<30
Find the line current, the line
volatge at the load, the current
in each phase of the load, the
power delivered to the load,
and dissipated in the line.
Example4:
1- A balanced connected load having an impedance of 20-j15
is connected to a connected, positive sequence generator having
Calculate the phase currents of the load and the line currents.
V 0 330 V
0
ab
=
A I
a
0
35 5 . 22 =
2- A positive-sequence, balanced -connected source supplies a
balanced -connected load. If the impedance per phase of the
load is 18+j12 and , find I
AB
and V
AB
.
Balanced Delta-Y Connection
Replace connected source to equivalent Y connected source.
Phase voltages:
0 p
cn
0 p
bn
0 p
an
90
3
V
V
150
3
V
V
30
3
V
V
+ =
=
=
A single phase equivalent circuit
Y
p
Y
an
a
Z
V
Z
V
I
0
30
3

= =
Y-Delta configuration: Example 5
1-A balanced Y connected load with a phase resistance of 40
and a reactance of 25 is supplies by a balanced, positive
sequence connected source with a line voltage of 210 V.
Calculate the phase currents. Use V
ab
as reference.
V V
ab
0
15 240 =
2-In a balanced -Y circuit,
and Z
Y
= (12 + j15) . Calculate the line currents.
POWER IN A BALANCED SYSTEM
) 120 cos( 2 ), 120 cos( 2 , cos 2
0 0
+ = = = t V v t V v t V v
p CN p BN p AN

For Y connected load, the phase voltage:
= Z Z
Y
If Phase current lag phase voltage by .
) 120 t cos( I 2 i
) 120 t cos( I 2 i
) t cos( I 2 i
0
p c
0
p b
p a
+ =
=
=
The phase current:
POWER IN A BALANCED SYSTEM
Total instantaneous power:
c CN b BN a AN c b a
i v i v i v p p p p + + = + + =
= cos I V 3 p
p p
Average power per phase:
Apparent power per phase:
Reactive power per phase:
Complex power per phase:
= sin I V Q
p p p
= cos I V P
p p p
*
p p p p p
I V jQ P S = + =
p p p
I V S =
POWER IN A BALANCED SYSTEM
Total average power:
= = = cos I V 3 cos I V 3 P 3 P
L L p p p
Total reactive power:
= = = sin I V 3 sin I V 3 Q 3 Q
L L p p p
Total complex power:
*
p
2
p
p
2
p
*
p p p
Z
V 3
Z I 3 I V 3 S 3 S = = = =
= + =
L L
I V 3 jQ P S
Power: Example 6
1-A three-phase motor can be regarded as a balanced Y-load. A
three-phase motor draws 5.6 kW when the line voltage is 220 V
and the line current is 18.2 A. Determine the power factor of the
motor.
2- Calculate the line current required for a 30-kW three-phase
motor having a power factor of 0.85 lagging if it is connected to a
balanced source with a line voltage of 440 V.