Structural Design Calculation

Published by:
E.G. Navarro
CE - Mindanao University of Science and Technology
April 3, 2014
ACI318M-11 CODE REQUIREMENTS
FOR BEAMS UNDER COMBINED SHEAR
AND TORSION


Structural Design Calculation
TYPES OF TORSION
1. EQUILIBRIUM TORSION - The torsional moment cannot be reduced by redistribution of internal
sample of beam subject to equilibrium torsion
forces . This is referred to as equilibrium torsion, since the torsional
moment is required in the structure to be in equilbrium.( ACI 11.5.2.1)


Structural Design Calculation
2. COMPATIBLE TORSION - The torsional moment can be reduced by redistribution of internal
twisting to maintain compatibilty of deformation. This torsion
is referred to as compatible torsion. ( ACI 11.5.2.2)
forces after cracking If the torsion arises from the member
sample of beam subject to compatible torsion


Structural Design Calculation
TORSION CAN BE NEGLECTED IF IT WILL COMPLY SECTION 11.5.1 OF THE CODE
If Tu is lesser than the
> threshold torsion then
it can be neglected
because it will not
have significant effect
on the structure.


Structural Design Calculation
> Tu reduction is not
allowed for member
subject to equilibrium
torsion.
> Tu reduction is
allowed for member
subject to compatible
torsion because of
redistribution.
Tu is permitted to be
reduced equal to
for nonpressed
members.


Structural Design Calculation
> Check for cross section
adequacy due to
combined shear
and torsion.


Structural Design Calculation
TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE ACCOUNTED IF IT DOES NOT COMPLY SECTION 11.5.1
(THE TORSIONAL MOMENT IS GREATER THAN THE THRESHOLD TORQUE)
TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE COMPUTED AS STATED BELOW.


Structural Design Calculation
1. A 250mmX600mm BEAM IS SUBJECTED TO A TORSIONAL MOMENT (Tua) = 20 KN.m
SHEAR (Vu)=168 KN AND BENDING MOMENT(Mu) = 120 KN.m. CHECK IF THE SECTION
IS ENOUGH CARRY SUCH LOADAND HOW MUCH REINFORCEMENT IS NEEDED.
Tua =
Vu =
Mu =
H d
PARAMETERS:
fc' = 27.5 MPa
fy = 414.0 MPa
= 0.75
H = 600.0 mm (total height of the beam)
bw = 250.0 mm (total width of the beam)
d = 550.0 mm (effective depth of the beam)
Cc = 35.0 mm
xo =
bw-(2xCc) =
180.0 mm
yo =
H-(2xCc) =
530.0 mm
Acp = bw x H = 150000.0 mm
Pcp = (2xbw)+( 2xH) = 1700.0 mm
Aoh = xo X yo = 95400.0 mm
Pn = 2 x (xo + yo) = 1420.0 mm
(center to center length of stirrups in y-direction)
(cylinder compressive strength of concrete)
(yield strength of reinforcement)
(strength reduction factor for shear in concrete)
(center to center length of stirrups in x-direction)
120.0 kN.m
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
B
xo
yO
168.0 kN
(concrete cover to center of stirrups)
(area enclosed by outside perimeter )
(outside perimeter of concrete section)
(area enclosed by transverse reinforcement )
(perimeter of transverse reinforcement )
20.0 kN.m
Cc





Structural Design Calculation
1.Check for type of torsion :
Type of torsion = Equilibrium torsion
Therefore: Tu = Tua = 20.0 kN.m (ACI 11.5.2.1)
2.Check for design torsion(Tu) versus threshold torsion(Ts) :
Ts = Tcr/4 Ts is one quarter of cracking torque
(ACI 11.5.1)
Tcr = (0.75)(0.33)(27.5)((150,000.0)^2/(1,700.0))
Tcr =
Ts = <
3.Check for beam size adequacy :
where: Vc = 91.9 KN
(ACI 11.5.3.1)

4.Required area of transvered torsional reinforcement (At/s) :

At/s =
At/s = (20.00)/(0.75)(2)(81,090)(414)cot45 (ACI 11.5.3.6)
At/s =
where:
q = 45
Ao = 0.85 Aoh = 81090 mm
Tn = Tu =
cot 45 = 1
Tn / 2 Ao fy cot q
20.0 kN.m
0.40 mm/mm
OK!
17.18 KN.m
4.29 KN.m 20.0 kN.m
torsional reinforcement required!
2.21 N/mm 3.10 N/mm


Structural Design Calculation
5.Required area of transvered shear reinforcement (Av/s) :
Vc =
Vc = (0.75)(0.17)(27.5)(250.0)(550.0)
Vc =
Vu =
Vs = ( Vu - Vc ) /
Vs = (168.0-91.9)/ 0.75
Vs =
Av/s = Vs / d fy
Av/s =
Av/s =
6.Total required stirrups due to combined shear and torsion:
(ACI 11.5.3.8)
0.45+(2x0.40)
Using T10 @ 100mm c/c 2 LEGS
As provided is greater than As required - SAFE!
7.Required area of longitudinal torsion reinforcement (AL ) :
(ACI 11.5.3.7)
AL = (0.40)(1,420.00)(414.0/414.0) cot 45 = 1
AL =
1/6 fc' bw d
91.9 KN
168.0 kN
101.4 KN
101.4 / 550.0x414.0
0.45 mm/mm
Total ( Av + t/s)=
Total ( Av + t/s)= 1.24 mm/mm
563.97 mm
A
s,provided
= 1.57 mm/mm


Structural Design Calculation
(ACI 11.5.5.3)
ALmin = (0.42)(27.5)(150,000.0)/(414.0)-(0.40)(1,420.00)(414.0/414.0)
ALmin =
Required longitudinal torsion reinforcement =
8.Required area of longitudinal bending reinforcement (As) :
M
u
=
R
n
= M
u
x 10
6
= 0.9 (for flexure)
.b.d
2
b= 250.0 mm, d=
R
n
= 120.00 x 10
0.9 x 250 x 550
R
n
= 1.76
=
= 0.85(28MPa/414MPa)(1-(1-((2)(1.76)/((0.85)(28MPa)))
= 0.00443
A
s,req
=
req
x b x d = 0.00443 x 250.00 x 550.00
9.Total required area of longitudinal reinforcement (AL +As) :
Total required longitudinal reinf. = AL+As
Total required longitudinal reinf. = 563.97+609.49
Total required longitudinal reinf. =
Using 2 T 16 TOP REINFORCEMENT
2 T 20 BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
2 T 12 SIDE BARS
Total reinf. provided
As provided is greater than As required - SAFE!
= 609.49 mm
1173.47 mm
A
s,provided
= 1256.64 mm
234.03 mm
563.97 mm
120.0 KN.m
550.0 mm,
0.85.

1 1
2.
0.85.