(6) Spiral Model

♦ The activities in this model can be organized like a spiral. The

spiral has many cycles.
♦ The radial dimension represents the commutative
cost incurred in accomplishing the steps done so
far, and

♦ The angular dimension represents the progress

made in completing each cycle of the spiral.

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 28 NU Islamabad

 (1) Each cycle begins with the identification of objectives and
different alternative possible to achieve the objectives.
(2) In the next step different alternatives are evaluated and
uncertainties and risks are identified.

(3) Next step is to develop strategies that resolve uncertainties of

risks and software development takes place.

(4) Finally the evaluation is made to help plan the next stage.

(5) The spiral is based on risk driven nature, which enables any
mixture of specification-oriented, prototype-oriented, simulation-
oriented, or some other approach.

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 29 NU Islamabad

 An Evolutionary (Spiral) Model

Planning
Risk Analysis

Customer
Communication

Engineering

Customer
Evaluation Construction & Release

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 30 NU Islamabad

 Features
‰ Each Cycle is completed with a review, which covers all the
products developed in that cycle.
‰ Equally useful for development and enhancement projects.

‰ More cycles can be added to add activities not covered in the

model (e.g. feasibility)
‰ Provides Project management and planning activities, in
addition to development project.

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 31 NU Islamabad

 (7) The Component Assembly Model

♦ Object technology provides the technical framework for

component-based process model for SE.

♦ The OO paradigm is based on the creation of classes that

encapsulate both data and algorithms.

♦ If properly designed and implemented, OO classes are re-useable

across different applications and computer architecture.

♦ Resembles and incorporates many of characteristics of spiral

model.

♦ It is iterative, but composes application from components/pre-

packed S/W (sometimes called “classes”).

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 32 NU Islamabad

 Identify
Candidate
Components
Lookup Components
in Library

Construct nth
Iteration

Extract
Components if
Put new available
components in
library

Build Components
Further “if unavailable”

a) Identification of candidate classes is accomplished by examining the data

(in the analysis phase) that are to be manipulated and the operations
(algorithms) required.
b) Class library is also called component repository. A component if
found in library may require tailoring/modification to fulfill the (new)
requirements of the application.
c) According to a survey, component assembly leads to a 70% reduction
in development cycle time, an 84% reduction in project cost.

Dr. Arshad A. Shahid 33 NU Islamabad