HOW TO REPAIR COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD

MOTHERBOARD NOT BOOT

a. check whether the short circuit CPU voltage
b. MOS tube 5V and 3V voltage is normal
c. check motherboard VI!"VI5 signal
d. #$V Power Management Chi% ! ohm a&&ect' MOS ca%acitor &or the wrong side o& the tube will
a&&ect the voltage
e. VI()OO signal
$. *o clock
a &irst check the clock chi% $.5V and 3.3V %ower su%%l+ is normal
b #,.3#-M./ whether the starting cr+stal oscillator' ca%acitor bad or adverse a&&ect bod+
vibration can not a&&ord to
c check the clock chi% V00(P12) 3intel chi%set4
3"d clock chi% resistor
e bad bod+ clock chi%
IMM on the clock5
6 check whether the out%ut clock &re7uenc+ chi%s to *orth 8ridge
Check the %ower su%%l+ $ IMM and $ .. 5V #.$5V is normal 3ne9t to the re&erence voltage
#.$5V *orthbridge is normal4
3. IMM clock chi% is bad
, *orth 8ridge to the clock chi% $$ ohm is normal
5. *orthbridge %oor bod+
3. CPU reset signal
a. check whether the normal voltage and &re7uenc+. 3IMM easil+ under a bad transistor4
b. clock chi% resistance' e9clusion is normal
c. *orth 8ridge to the IMM &re7uenc+ out%ut is normal. 3I*0:;. VI6. SIS chi%set' the a&oresaid
signal line is working
d. *orth 8ridge to the CPU signal lines 6 8lock
e. SIS PCI board investigation o& <26M: = and :VS:; = signal' i& the normal two signals can be
ruled out 8IOS and
1-3>?@ %ossible' the network will also a&&ect the *orth 8ridge chi% and
&. *VII6As board 8IOS and 1-3>?@ will a&&ect not reset
g. *orth 8ridge Ontolog+ bad 3*VII6 and the SIS board' 8IOS will not a&&ect the CPU reset4
,. 0he whole board without reset
a check whether basic su%%l+ voltage and &re7uenc+ o& normal
b check whether the out%ut reset signal to the Southbridge MS(50 $ &eet 33V reset voltage4
c check MS"5 3.,.5"%in voltage is normal' with or without short"circuit
d South 8ridge is %oor bod+
e check switch on the <P"2S0 signal is connected to a 3V voltage general MS"5' clock' network
chi%s' MS"3
& check MS"5 in the PO1:2 )OO ,$ &eet and P12"OB ,>"%in signal is normal
g check MS"@ in the &irst , &eet and @ &eet PO1:2)OO signals whether the out%ut signal , into
PO1:2)OO @
Out check VCC$.5V and whether the short"circuit short"circuit the *orthbridge #.$5V bad
HOW TO REPAIR COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD
5 reset does not boot
a. clock. reset. Southbridge voltage is normal
b. Charles P1"OB' and P12")OO signal is normal
c. 00; circuits and related com%onents' check whether the abnormal
d. check the 6 PCI signal and control signal to the South 8ridge
e. South 8ridge %oor bod+
&. South 8ridge side o& the &re7uenc+ o& the cr+stal 3$.@>-B less will a&&ect the reset does not
o%en' will also a&&ect the COM %ort test' but
g. MS"3 is normal
h. *VII6 chi%set' 8IOS is bad
@ ela+ start
a. clock &re7uenc+' voltage is normal
b. clock chi% side o& the resistance' e9clusion' with or without &re7uenc+ out%ut
c. 00; circuits and MS"5' MS"@ is related to the normal line
d. network chi% voltage is normal or %oor bod+
e. 8IOS to the South 8ridge' the signal is normal
- reset 8oot
a. check whether the bad 8IOS in&ormation
b. check reset' whether the low &re7uenc+
c. check <P"2S0 signal and related com%onents are normal
d. PCI lines are normal to the South 8ridge
e. South 8ridge Ontolog+ bad run
a. check PCI bus
b. check 8IOS 8us
c. check CPU bus
d. 8IOS %oor bod+
e. I C O chi%
&. Clock Chi%
g. MS"3
h. South 8ridge run 3
a. Clear CMOS
b. u%date 8IOS in&ormation
c. whether the connection is bad memor+
d. motherboard memor+ %ower su%%l+ is normal IMM3.3V' 2$.5V #.$5V
e. check the memor+ &re7uenc+
&. check MS.M.26S.C6S
g. check the 6 CPU signal. control line
HOW TO REPAIR COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD
h. check @,<$,,.@,<$,5 bu&&er board 3@!
i. check I C O chi%
D. check the memor+ to the *orth 8ridge o& the signal line' the memor+ on the ?# and ?$ &eet
o& %otential signal 3V' through live I C O clock' Southbridge best .uabu Bai machine
a. check CMOS settings are consistent with the CPU itsel&' the &re7uenc+
b. check CPU multi%lier signal 3, signals directl+ to the South 8ridge4
c. check the voltage settings are normal
d. check CPUAs control signalsE
e. check clock chi% %ower su%%l+. out%ut &re7uenc+ is normal
&. check MS"3 3ne9t to the %ower transistor' the voltage down4
Short"circuit board
#. Observation
$. 0ouch method
3. :9clusion
,. <rom small range to large"scale
5. 6 signal line *orth 8ridge voltage 5V' 3.3V' $.5V' #.-V' 2"V00' VCO2:' VCC"6)P' V00"VI
South 8ridge Voltage 3.3V' $5V' #.-V' #.5V' 3VS8
I C O 5V' 3.3V' 5VS8
8IOS 3.3V' 5V
6udio chi% 3.3V' 5V -@3- is 5V
*etwork chi% 3.3V' 3VS8
Power management chi% #$V' 5V' VCO2:
Clock 3.3V' $.5V
@5'$3$ %lus or minus #$V' 5V
South 8ridge PCI on #,PI* have 3VS8
<or the short"circuit boards to re%air
a search o& all 6 board signal lines' including 3CPU 8lock' PCI' IMM' IS64
b. other control signals and clock chi%' the clock chi% out%ut %in' all the I C O inter&ace signals
and diodes are normal 3resistance4
CPU voltage anomalies to maintenance
a. &irst check CPU voltage' %ower management ICs and MOS tube a short circuit and burn out
%henomenon
b. check the signal is normal VI!"VI5
Three main points of the motherboard repair
#' non-maintenane of e!etriit"
#' Southbridge 3electricit+4 #' Southbridge 3electricit+4
$' I C O 3%ower su%%l+4 $' I C O 3Power4
3' the door circuit 3VCC4 3' the door circuit 3VCC4
,' FG 3both ends voltage4 ,' FG 3both ends voltage4
5' COMS batter+ 5' COMS batter+
>' Hum% 3Dum%er ca%4 $.5V"3.3V >' Hum% 3Dum%er ca%4 $.5V"3.3V
@' Power"on is not level transistor 5V @' Power"on is not level transistor 5V
-' 5VS8 -' 5VS8
?' %ower"on ?' %ower"on
Second' no reset of maintenane #eond$ no reset of maintenane
#' check the clock chi%As %ower su%%l+ 3.3"$.5V' inductor or greater than the amount o& around
! Ohm resistor. #' check the clock chi%As %ower su%%l+ 3.3"$.5V' inductor or greater than the
amount o& around ! Ohm resistor.
$' the amount o& #,.3#- cr+stal work is normal' in turn' the amount o& two &eet' voltage #.5"
#.>V. $' the amount o& #,.3#- cr+stal work is normal' in turn' the amount o& two &eet' voltage
#.5"#.>V.
3' Power"ok there is no 5V voltage' i& not' check the circuit along the line. 3' Power"ok there is
no 5V voltage' i& not' check the circuit along the line.
,' the amount o& South 8ridge' the clock signal is normal' the amount o& 33!'$$!'##! ne9t to
the voltage #.>V. ,' the amount o& South 8ridge' the clock signal is normal' the amount o&
33!'$$!'##! ne9t to the voltage #.>V.
5' Southbridge %ower su%%l+ to normal' the amount o& MOS' ###@ have 3.3 or 5V su%%l+. 5'
Southbridge %ower su%%l+ to normal' the amount o& MOS' ###@ have 3.3 or 5V su%%l+.
>' the amount o& 3$.@>- cr+stal is normal intel !.5V VI6 #.5V. >' the amount o& 3$.@>- cr+stal is
normal intel !.5V VI6 #.5V.
@' the amount o& reset switch on the voltage is 3.3V or 5V' i& there is no voltage' check along
the switching line' generall+ leads to two gates' or gate leading to a &oot' another &oot leading
to gate. @' the amount o& reset switch on the voltage is 3.3V or 5V' i& there is no voltage' check
along the switching line' generall+ leads to two gates' or gate leading to a &oot' another &oot
leading to gate.
-' detection gate voltage o& 3.3V"5V. -' detection gate voltage o& 3.3V"5V.
?' the amount o& PCI' 6)8' I:' I C O reset %in to ground are not shorted. ?' the amount o& PCI'
6)8' I:' I C O reset %in to ground are not shorted.
#!' the amount o& Vcore are normal. #!' the amount o& Vcore are normal.
##' the amount o& 60F Power Su%%l+ 3.3V' #$V' 5V are normal. ##' the amount o& 60F Power
Su%%l+ 3.3V' #$V' 5V are normal.
3' %% maintenane &$ %% maintenane
#' in the voltage o& each grou% under normal circumstances' the amount o& each bus"to"ground
resistance. #' in the voltage o& each grou% under normal circumstances' the amount o& each
bus"to"ground resistance.
$' CPU to the *orth bridge 3$ address lines' >, data lines to"ground resistance 35!"@5!. $' CPU
to the *orth bridge 3$ address lines' >, data lines to"ground resistance 35!"@5!.
3' South 8ridge to the *orth 8ridge"to"ground resistance 35!"@5!. 3' South 8ridge to the *orth
8ridge"to"ground resistance 35!"@5!.
,' South 8ridge to the 6 line o& PCI"to"ground resistance should be the same. ,' South 8ridge
to the 6 line o& PCI"to"ground resistance should be the same.
5' the amount o& 8IOS' clock' reset' 6 line. 5' the amount o& 8IOS' clock' reset' 6 line.
>' brush 8IOS. >' brush 8IOS.
@' the clock IC %ower su%%l+. @' the clock IC %ower su%%l+.
-' memor+' %ower su%%l+. -' memor+' %ower su%%l+.
Motherboard fai!'re and Maintenane Basis
6 ke+ com%onent o& the motherboard is the com%uter used to connect a variet+ o& com%uter
e7ui%ment' the com%uter %la+s a vital role. I& the board &ails' +our com%uter can not %ro%erl+
used. 6t %resent more and more integrated motherboard' motherboard re%air has become
increasingl+ di&&icult' o&ten using s%ecialiIed digital testing e7ui%ment to com%lete' but the
control board and com%rehensive maintenance technolog+' the ra%id &ailure investigation board
is still ver+ necessar+.
($ a'sin) the main board fai!'re
0oda+' the integrated motherboard com%onents and circuitr+ are man+ and com%le9 reasons &or
the resulting &ailure is also relativel+ high. Common board &ailures caused b+ man+
environmental bad' but because o& 7ualit+ %roblems caused b+ the motherboardAs own &ailure
also relativel+ more' while some o& the %roblems are caused b+ human users.
($ motherboard ad*erse operatin) en*ironment
I& the board covered with dust' can cause short"circuit and other signal &ailure. I& the %ower
su%%l+ is damaged' or the %ower grid voltage transient s%ikes generated %ulses will cause the
motherboard chi% near the %ower su%%l+ %lug is damaged' causing the motherboard &ailureJ In
addition' o&ten caused b+ static electricit+ on the motherboard chi%set 3es%eciall+ CMOS chi%4
is the breakdown' causing &ailures .
+$ the motherboard itse!f$ ,'a!it" iss'es
6s the chi% on the motherboard and other com%onents o& %oor 7ualit+' the use o& aging over
time will damage the device' leading to the motherboard &ailure.
&$ h'man error
.ot"swa%%able hardware is ver+ dangerous' and man+ motherboard &ailures are caused b+ hot'
the most common is the burning o& the ke+board' mouse %ort' a serious motherboard will be
burned. Charged %luggable I C O card' board and %lug in installed when the &orceim%ro%erl+'
can result in inter&aces' chi%s damage.
+$ motherboard repair method ommon!" 'sed in
Motherboard &ault identi&ication' usuall+ through the %rogressive removal or re%lacement o&
the motherboard is connected to the board' &irst rule out the %ossible %roblems o& these
com%onents' +ou can target lock on the motherboard. 0he actual maintenance' &re7uentl+ used
re%air methods listed below.
($ obser*ation
Check &or &oreign obDects &alling into the motherboard between the com%onents. I& the
dismantling chassis' the conductive material accidentall+ &all into the motherboard com%onents
stuck in between' it could lead to K%rotection &ault.K In addition' check the motherboard and
the chassis back%lane installed between it and a small board &or the su%%ort o& small co%%er
%illarsJ whether the motherboard installed im%ro%erl+' or chassis de&ormation' leaving the
motherboard in direct contact with the chassis' so that short"circuit %rotection with automatic
%ower cut o&& %ower su%%l+.
Motherboard fai!'re and Maintenane Basis
Check the motherboard batter+5 I& the com%uter does not boot correctl+ to &ind the hard disk'
s+stem time is incorrect a&ter boot' CMOS settings can not be saved' it can &irst check the
motherboard CMOS Dum%er' the Dum%er changed to K*O2M6;K o%tion 3t+%icall+ #"$ 4 and then
re"set. CMOS Dum%er i& it is not wrong' it is likel+ because the motherboard is damaged or the
batter+ voltage o& the batter+ shortage caused' %lease tr+ &rom another motherboard batter+.
Check the motherboard *orthbridge chi%set cooling e&&ect5 some brand"name motherboard
heatsink on the *orthbridge chi%' dis%ense' and this ma+ result in chi% cooling ine&&ective'
resulting in s+stem o%eration some time a&ter the crash. :ncountered such a situation' sel&"
made heat sink can be installed' or add a cooling e&&ect o& a good chassis &an.
Check the motherboard ca%acitors5 aluminum electrol+tic ca%acitors on the motherboard
3usuall+ around the CPU socket4 internal use o& the electrol+te' due to time' tem%erature'
7ualit+ and other reasons' make it ha%%en KagingK %henomenon' which will lead to anti"
motherboard inter&ere with the decline in the im%act indicators o& machine work %ro%erl+. 1e
can bu+ with the KagingK the same siIe ca%acitor' read+ &or electric iron' solder wire' rosin' will
be KagingK can be re%laced.
ouble"check all the motherboard %lugs' sockets is skew' resistance' ca%acitance %in is
touching the sur&ace is scorched' the chi% sur&ace is cracking' co%%er &oil is blown on the
motherboardJ touch the sur&ace o& some chi%s' i& the abnormal burning can &or a chi% to tr+J
encountered areas o& doubt' with the amount o& about multimeter.
+$ d'st %rane
0he larger board is gathering dust and more %laces. ust can easil+ lead to %oor contact socket
and the board In addition' a number o& add"in cards on the motherboard' chi% %in &orm' o&ten
because o& %oor contact %in"o9idation.
Pro%osed to use wool brush to gentl+ brush the dust on the motherboard must be care&ul not to
&orce too much or move too &ast in order to avoid the sur&ace %atches Pengdiao motherboard
com%onents or loosening o& com%onents' which result in cold solder Doint. *ote clear CPU slot
is used to detect CPU tem%erature' or the motherboard inside the chassis used to monitor the
tem%erature o& the dust on the thermal resistance' otherwise it will cause the motherboard to
the tem%erature o& recognition errors' which lead to board &ault %rotection. I& it is o9idation
caused b+ %oor contact %in socket' +ou can have the hardness o& &olded white %a%er 3smooth
sur&ace' and that &or the outside4' insert the tank back and &orth %olishedJ &or the card %ins
can be used an eraser to the sur&ace o9ide la+er' and then re " %lug.
&$ he- .hether there are short-ir'it motherboard
In what should be measured %rior to %ower on the motherboard whether there is short circuit'
to avoid accidents. Hudging methods are5 measuring the %ower chi% resistor between the %in
and the ground. 0he %ower %lug is not inserted' the resistance should normall+ be to 3!!L' the
minimum should not be less than #!!L. 0est"retest about reverse resistance values' slightl+
di&&erent' but not too much di&&erence. I& the %ositive and negative or close to the resistance
o& a small turn"on' it shows a short circuit occurs the motherboard.
Motherboard short circuit reason ma+ be that the motherboard is damaged' the resistors and
ca%acitors' or have conductive debris' it could be the motherboard being the breakdown o& the
chi%. 0o &ind out the breakdown o& the chi%' +ou can %ower"measurement o& the %ower %lug.
)enerall+ measured %ower su%%l+ M5 V and M#$ V. 1hen the+ &ind out too much o& a voltage
deviation &rom the standard' +ou can cut through the se%aration or some lead' or un%lug some
chi%s test"retest voltage. 1hen cut a certain wire or un%lug a %iece o& silicon' i& the voltage
becomes normal' then this leads to the com%onent lead or %ull down the chi%' that is' &ailures.
Motherboard fai!'re and Maintenane Basis
/$ p!') e0han)e
0his method can determine the &ailure is on the motherboard' or in the I C O deviceN 0hat is'
the same t+%e %lug"in board' or chi% e9change' and then the changes in the %henomenon o&
&ailure to determine &ailures. It is mainl+ used &or eas+ %lug maintenance environment' such as
memor+' sel&"test error' e9changeable same memor+ chi% or memor+ to determine the cause o&
troubles.
0o do so5 <irst o&&' and then %ull out the %lug"in board"b+"blockJ each %ulled out a sheet on the
observation o& the machine start running' once %ulled out a %iece' the board is running
normall+' then the %lug"in board is &ault+' or the corres%onding I C O bus slots and the load
circuit &aultJ i& it %ulled out all the %lug"in boards' the s+stem not boot normall+' then the &ault
is likel+ on the motherboard.
1$ stati 2 d"nami meas'rement method
Static measurement5 ;et the board be sus%ended in a close"u% mode' according to the logical
%rinci%le o& the circuit or chi% out%ut and in%ut o& the logical relationshi% between the use
multimeter or logic level %en measuring the relevant %oints to anal+Ie and Dudge the cause o&
troubles.
+namic Measurement and 6nal+sis o& ;aw5 the %re%aration o& s%eci&ic %rocedures or arti&icial
assertion normal conditions' the machine is running' measured with the oscillosco%e to observe
the wave&orm com%onents' and com%ared with the normal wave&orm in order to determine
&ault location.
6s the control logic on the motherboard increasingl+ integrated' so its logical correctness' has
become ver+ di&&icult to determine b+ measuring. 2ecommend that +ou &irst determine the
relationshi% between the logic chi% and a sim%le resistance"ca%acitance com%onents' and then
&ocused on the logical relationshi% &ailure is hard to determine the large"scale integrated
circuit chi%s.
3$ pro)ram testin) method
0he 6ct is mainl+ used &or checking a variet+ o& inter&ace circuits' as well as a variet+ o& circuit
%arameters with the address whether there is &ault' its %rinci%le is to use the so&tware to send
data' commands' through reading the line status' and a chi% 3such as the register4 state' to
identi&+ the &ault site.
0o use this method' +our CPU and the bus must be running normall+' be able to run the
diagnostic so&tware that can run the installation on the I C O bus slots on the diagnosis o& cards.
Gou can use the random diagnostic %rocedures' s%ecial maintenance diagnostics card' or on the
basis o& technical %arameters 3such as inter&ace address4' s%eci&ic diagnostic %rocedures to
su%%ort sel&"com%iled hardware maintenance. .owever' +ou write the diagnostic %rocedures to
be strict' com%rehensive and &ocused' enabling emergence o& certain ke+ %arts o& a regular
signal' able to carr+ out re%eated tests occasional &ailure' it will show an error o& record.