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MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
12 V TO 120 V DC-DC CONVERTER




Submitted by
Shah Rinal Upendrakumar
(Roll No. 13MEEP23)


Under the guidance of
Dr. P. N. Tekwani






Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute Of Technology
Nirma University Of Science & Technology
Ahmedabad 380060


April 2014

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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NIRMA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Shah Rinal Upendrakumar (13MEEP23) has succesfully
submitted her Minor Project Report entitled 12 V TO 120 V DC DC
CONVERTER towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements in Master of
Technology (Electrical Engineering) in the field of Power Electronics, Machines &
Drives of Nirma University of Science & Technology is the record of work carried out
by him under my supervision & guidance. The Work submitted has in my opinion
reach a level required for being accepted for examination. The results embodied in
this minor project work to the best of my knowledge have not been submitted to any
other University or Institution.





Dr. P. N. Tekwani
(Head Of Department & Project Guide)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute Of Technology
Nirma University Of Science & Technology
Ahmedabad 380060




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Statement by the Candidate


I wish to state that work embodied in this project titled 12 V TO 120 V DC DC
CONVERTER forms my own contribution to the work carried out under the
guidance of Dr. P. N. Tekwani (Guide) at Institute Of Technology, Nirma University
Of Science & Technology. This work has not been submitted for any other Degree or
Diploma of any University/Institute. Wherever, references have been made to
previous works of others, it has been clearly indicated.






Shah Rinal Upendrakumar
Institute Of Technology
Nirma University Of Science & Technology

April 2014
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Acknowledgment

Foremost, I wish to acknowledge and thank my guide Dr. P. N. Tekwani. His kind
hearted guidance throughout my studies has been an invaluable contribution to my
academic and professional development. For this I am truly grateful.

I wish to thank the faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department. Their
interaction and advice has certainly improved the quality and direction of my project.

Certainly, I must acknowledge my parents. They have loved and supported me
longer than anyone, regardless of my faults.

April, 2014

Shah Rinal Upendrakumar

Institute Of Technology
Nirma University Of Science & Technology

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Abstract

The focus of this work is show DC-DC converter works on two phases, first phase is
of the inverter and the second phase is of rectifier and filter block. Circuit is simple,
IC NE555 and IC CD4013 acts for inverting phase and the bridge diode works for
rectifier and filter phase. Step up transformer was used to step up AC voltage
between inverter and rectifier & filter block.


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Contents

Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

1 Introduction
1.1 What is DC - DC Converter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Types of DC DC Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Introduction to Circuit
2.1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Basic Component related to DC-DC converter
3.1 List of the Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Component description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.1 IC NE555 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.2 IC CD4013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2.3 Transistor TIP122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4 Circuit Description
4.1 Detail description of the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 My results from the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5 Conclusion & Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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List of Figures

2.1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.1 IC NE555 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.2 IC CD4013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2.3 Transistor TIP122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10





Page 1 of 16














CHAPTER 1
Page 2 of 16

Introduction
1.1 What is DC - DC Converter
DC-DC converters are electronic devices used whenever we want to change DC
electrical power efficiently from one voltage level to another. Theyre needed because
unlike AC, DC cant simply be stepped up or down using a transformer. In many ways, a
DC-DC converter is the DC equivalent of a transformer.

Typical applications of DC-DC converters are where 24V DC from a truck battery must
be stepped down to 12V DC to operate a car radio, CB transceiver or mobile phone;
where 12V DC from a car battery must be stepped down to 3V DC, to run a personal
CD player; where 5V DC on a personal computer motherboard must be stepped down
to 3V, 2V or less for one of the latest CPU chips; where the 340V DC obtained by
rectifying 240V AC power must be stepped down to 5V, 12V and other DC voltages as
part of a PC power supply; where 1.5V from a single cell must be stepped up to 5V or
more, to operate electronic circuitry; where 6V or 9V DC must be stepped up to 500V
DC or more, to provide an insulation testing voltage; where 12V DC must be stepped up
to +/-40V or so, to run a car hifi amplifiers circuitry; or where 12V DC must be stepped
up to 650V DC or so, as part of a DC-AC sine wave inverter.

In all of these applications, we want to change the DC energy from one voltage level to
another, while wasting as little as possible in the process. In other words, we want to
perform the conversion with the highest possible efficiency.

An important point to remember about all DC-DC converters is that like a transformer,
they essentially just change the input energy into a different impedance level. So
whatever the output voltage level, the output power all comes from the input; theres no
energy manufactured inside the converter. Quite the contrary, in fact some is inevitably
used up by the converter circuitry and components, in doing their job.


Page 3 of 16

1.2 Types of DC DC Converter
There are many different types of DC-DC converter, each of which tends to be more
suitable for some types of application than for others. For convenience they can be
classified into various groups, however. For example some converters are only suitable
for stepping down the voltage, while others are only suitable for stepping it up; a third
group can be used for either.

Page 4 of 16














CHAPTER 2
Page 5 of 16

Introduction to Circuit
2.1 Block diagram











2.2 Circuit diagram















Input
(DC Voltage)
Output
(DC Voltage)
Inverter
(DC to AC)
Rectifier and
filter
(AC to DC)
Step up
transformer
Page 6 of 16














CHAPTER 3
Page 7 of 16

Basic Component related to DC-DC converter
3.1 List of the Component

Component Name Description
IC NE555 Single Timer
IC CD4013 Dual D-Type Flip-Flop
Resistor
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5 and R6
100 K Ohm
18 K Ohm
3.3 K Ohm
1 K Ohm
1.5 K Ohm
Capacitor
C1
C2
C3
C4
330 nF
100 F / 25 V
220 F / 250 V
220 nF / 250 V
Transistor (TIP122 NPN)
Q1 and Q2
Darlington Power Transistors (NPN)
Transformer 0 V - 120 V







Page 8 of 16

3.2 Component description
3.2.1 IC NE555
555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin
timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In
monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external
resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are
controlled by two external resistors and a capacitor. 555 is very commonly used
for generating time delays and pulses.











Fig. 3.2.1 Pin connection of IC NE555

Applications
Precision Timing
Pulse Generation
Time Delay Generation
Sequential Timing




Page 9 of 16

3.2.2 IC CD4013
The CD4013 dual D-type flip-flop is a monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS)
integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors.
Each flip-flop has independent data, set, reset, and clock inputs and Q and Q

outputs.
These devices can be used for shift register applications, and by connecting Q

output
to the data input, for counter and toggle applications. The logic level present at the D
input is transferred to the Q output during the positive-going transition of the clock pulse.
Setting or resetting is independent of the clock and is accomplished by a high level on
the set or reset line respectively.













Fig. 3.2.2 Pin connection of IC CD4013
Applications
Automotive
Data terminals
Instrumentation
Medical electronics
Alarm system
Industrial electronics
Remote metering
Page 10 of 16

3.2.3 Transistor TIP122
Features
Designed for general-purpose amplifier and low speed switching applications
RoHS Compliant










Fig. 3.2.3 Pin connection of Transistor TIP122

B Base
C Collector
E Emmiter
Page 11 of 16














CHAPTER 4
Page 12 of 16

4.1 Detail description of the circuit

The circuit is very simple which converts 12V DC to 120V DC.
Circuit works in two phases and three stages. First phase is of basic inverter and the
second phase is of rectifier and filter bridge. First stage is of inverting 12V DC to 12V
AC, second stage is of transforming 12V AC to 120V AC and the last one is of
rectifying and filtering the 120V AC to get pure 120V DC.
IC NE555 operating at frequency of 100Hz and can be adjusted using R1.
Output of IC NE555 is coupled to the clock input of IC CD4013 which is a CMOS
dual D flip - flop.
IC CD4013 divides the 100Hz pulse train from IC NE555 into two 50Hz pulse trains
which are 180 degree out of phase and are available at Pin 1 and Pin 2 of IC
CD4013.
When Pin 1 is high, transistor Q1 conducts and current flows through the upper half
of T1s primary winding.
When Pin 2 is high, transistor Q2 conducts and current flows through the lower half
of T1s primary winding.
As a result a 120V voltage will be induced in secondary of T1.
This voltage is rectified using bridge D1 to produce 120V DC output.
C2 is the input DC filter.
C3 and C4 are output filter.
5 A fuse can be added in series to the 12V supply line.
T1 can be 9-0-9V/250 V/3A mains transformer.

Page 13 of 16


4.2 My results from the circuit















.
Page 14 of 16














CHAPTER 5
Page 15 of 16

Conclusion & Future Directions
For converting 12V DC to 120V DC we need to convert the 12V DC to 12V AC through
inverter and then it should be step up using tap changer transformer. This tap changer
transformer increases voltage to 120V AC and this AC voltage is then converter into
120V DC through filter and rectifier. This can also be done using DC transformer.

This was a very simple circuit which shows how DC voltage can be increase or
decrease in the circuit. On the near future we can go ahead with this idea to make
Boost Converter, Buck converter, Buck-Boost converter and Cuk converter. Even more
complex circuits can be made using this concept.
Page 16 of 16

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.circuitstoday.com/12v-to-120v-dc-dc-converter
[2] http://www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/555.pdf
[3] https://www.futurlec.com/4000Series/CD4013.shtml
[4] http://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/4811/MOTOROLA/MJ3001/257/1/MJ3001.html
[5] http://www.jaycar.com.au/images_uploaded/dcdcconv.pdf
[6] http://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/239668/TAITRON/TIP122/293/1/TIP122.html