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= .5145
p = .49
q = 1-.49 = .51
n=35
z=
()()
.290
P-value: (.6141
^2
) = .377
Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the p-value is greater than the significance level.
There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the proportion of
females will be 49%.
3. In an observational study following the weights of females and males during a freshman
year, the September weight (kg) of the freshman is summarized by n=35, and
s = 10.81. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the September weight during
freshman year had a mean of 61 kg.
H0:
H1:
Test Statistic: 2.72
=65.97
n= 35
s= 10.81
t =
= 2.72
P-value = .01
Reject H0 because the P-value is less than the significant level 0.05.
There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the sample is from a population with a
mean weight of 61 kg during the September month of freshman year.
4. Given this information, the hypothesis test for the population mean for weight in kg does
support the actual population (values of the original whole data set) mean of 65.1. Im sure I
didnt form a correct hypothesis test, however. In regard to the hypothesis test regarding
the population proportion, the population proportion (values of the original whole data set)
has a proportion of 52.24 females. Also, when doing another simple random in StatCrunch,
the proportion of females in a sample of 35 was 57.14% The hypothesis test for the
population proportion claimed there was not sufficient evidence to warrant the rejection of
the claim, and so I guess the hypothesis test regarding the population proportion is
supported because it cant actually be rejected because the
P-value was greater than the significance level. Okay, am I right here? Partially right?
Part 6: Reflection
Many people hear the word statistics and automatically assume they will be learning a
different form of mathematics. I was the same way. I believed, like the many mathematics
courses in my time, that there was nothing beyond a letter grade or beyond the actual
course itself. To be honest, I would say there are dozens of algebraic equations that I will
never use in my lifetime. Im not saying that these equations are not important and dont
have real life applications; however, its hard to see these applications beyond the scope of a
textbook, and there is truth in the saying, when will I ever use this.
Statistics is completely different than what I had expected. It truly is a subject that goes
beyond the final letter grade and follows us into real life. There isnt a single person who
wouldnt benefit from the knowledge acquired in a statistics course. I would say the striking
difference between other mathematics courses I have taken and this statistics course is
critical thinking. I couldnt get by on solely knowing an equation. It required me to put
thought into what I was doing and it begged me to ask important questions about the
information put before me and whether or not I was just going to take it at face value or
instead from the position of an informed consumer.
This term project taught me to do something I have never before been able to do. I was able
to take a set of data and scrutinize it with my own statistical analysis. I was able to use rules
and equations to determine whether or not the data was something I could trust. I learned
about the various ways to graphically portray data and how some ways are much more
advantageous that others. I learned how to sum up a set of data purely with summary
statistics, how to construct confidence intervals and how to test claims about the
populations proportion and mean. Less importantly but to a mind-blowing degree, I
learned that whomever created the algorithms used to construct the glorious technology of
the TI-84 should be given their weight in gold.
One of the ways Im most interested in applying what Ive learned this semester is towards
the scrutiny of statistical information given for various medical topics. Healthcare is a
billion dollar industry with various special interest groups forcing the hands of politicians
and researchers in order to construct policy and research studies in their favor. Medicine is
my passion. I want to know everything I can about everything there is and I simply cant get
enough. But I also need to know that I can trust the information being presented and not
assume its coming from a reputable, independent source. I now have the tools to look at
statistical data and determine its worth and whether or not its something I will find useful
and valuable in terms of my own professional standard of care.