II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 8 -¢Ë’ 2006

Vikranth: Any idea when Vijai is coming?

éπE î√™« ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ.
(Nïß˝’ á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Now look at the following sentences
Prasanth: Not in the least. I don't know where from the conversation above.
he is now.
1) Any idea when Vijai is coming?
(ÅÆæ©’ ûÁMü¿’. ÅûªúÁéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ èπÿú≈ 2) Not in the least. I don't know where he is
ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’) now.
Vikranth: I do not know what he wants from 3) I do not know what he wants from me.
me. He suddenly rang up yester-
4) He didn't make clear why he would see me.
day to tell me he was coming. He
5) I don't see why you didn't ask him when
didn't make clear why he would d)
exactly he wanted to come. ¢Á∞«x™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’. Åûª-ØÁ°æ¤púÌÆæ’h-Ø√oúÓ FÈé-´-®ΩØ√o îÁ§ƒp®√? =
see me.
6) We do not know whether to wait for him (Whether N’í∫û√ 'wh' words ™«çöÀC é¬ü¿’ Has any one told you when he will be com-
¢√úÕéÀ Ø√†’ç* àç 鬢√™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL- here or go about our work. choice express îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô) ing?
ߪ’-úø癉ü¿’. Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ E†o Phone 7) I insisted that he tell me the purpose of his 8) I don't know why = Å™«Íí Ñ éÀçC 2 sentence èπÿ ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ:
îËÆœ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o-†E îÁ§ƒpúø’. †ØÁoç-ü¿’èπ◊ meeting. áçü¿’éÓ ûÁMü¿’ 1 a) why did he go there? I want to know
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúÓ Ææp≠ædçí¬ 8) I don't know why 9) Did you atleast ask him how he would be Ñ È®çúø’ sentences †÷ éπL°œ ņçúÕ:
îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ 9) Did you at least ask him how he would be coming = b) I want to know why he went there.
Prasanth: I don't see why you didn't ask him
coming. ᙫ ´≤ƒhúÓ ÅØÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-í¬¢√? a) sentence question 鬕öÀd why
™E ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
when exactly he wanted to come.
10) I don't see how you could be so indifferent = did he go?
Åçö«ç.
We have work now. We don't know
Åçûª E®Ωx-éπ~uçí¬ á™« Öçúø-í∫-L-í¬¢Ó Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴- b) È®çúø’ sentences éπL°œ Åçô’Ø√oç 鬕öÀd
whether to wait for him here or to go
úøç-™‰ü¿’ I want to know why he went there Åçö«ç.
about our work.
(ûª†’ correct í¬ á°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒhúÓ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 153 11) I didn't know which phone he was calling
from =
2 a) where did he buy it?
I wish to know
†’¢Áyçü¿’èπ◊ Åúø-í∫-™‰üÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴ôç
™‰ü¿’. ´’†-Íé¢Á÷ °æ†’ç--C. ¢√úÕ éÓÆæç

Who knows what he has in his mind?

´’†N’éπ\úø wait îËߪ÷™ ´’† °æE O’ü¿
¢Á∞«x™ ûÁMúøç ™‰ü¿’)
Vikranth: I insisted that he tell me the pur-
pose of his meeting, but he would-
n't. I don't know why.
Prasanth: Did you atleast ask him how he 10) I don't see how you could be so indifferent à phone †’ç* îËÆæ’h-
would becoming? 11) I didn't know which phone he was calling Ø√oúÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁM-™‰ü¿’. Ñ È®çúø’ sentence†÷ éπL°œ äéπ sen-
(éπFÆæç ᙫ ´≤ƒhúÓ ÅúÕ-í¬¢√?) from. 12) I am not able to say tencesí¬ Åçõ‰ Å°æ¤p-úË-´’-´¤-ûª’çC? I wish to
Vikranth: No. 12) I am not able to say whose fault it is. whose fault it is = know where he brought it Åçö«ç.

Prasanth: I don't see how you could be so
indifferent. you could have fixed a
time for his meeting us.
(Åçûª E®Ωx-éπ~uçí¬ á™« Öçúø-í∫-L-í¬¢Ó Å®Ωnç
鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø’ ´’†Lo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÌØË
time Å®·Ø√ E®Ωg-®·ç* ÖçúÌa éπü∆?)
Vikranth: Look here, Prasanth. Not that I
could not ask him all that. I was
about to. But then he disconnected.
(Åü¿çû√ Åúø-í∫-™‰Íéç é¬ü¿’. Åúøí∫¶ßË’-
™í¬ Phone °õ‰d-¨»úø’.)
Prasanth: Why didn't you call him again?
(´’Sx †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Phone îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’?)
Vikranth: I didn't know which Phone he was
calling from. I saw the number on
my cell and called. He called from a
public Phone.
(à Phone ™ç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ
Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Cell ™ Ç number
îª÷Æœ phone î˨»†’. ÅC Public
Phone)
Prasanth: I am not able to say whose fault it
is.
(ÅC á´J §Ò®Ω-§ƒö ؈’ îÁ°æp-™‰-èπ◊çú≈
ÖØ√o†’)
We are unable to decide what we
have to do now.
(É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç àç îËߪ÷™ ûË©’a-éÓ-™‰-
èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√oç)
Vikranth: Ah here he is! He has come.
(Ç.. ´î√aúËx)
Prasanth: What a relief!
(Å•s ´î√aúø’ éπü∆!)
Ñ≤ƒJ †’ç* é¬Ææh advanced level of
conversational skills îª÷ü∆lç. Åçü¿’-
´’†ç Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ clauses †’ í∫’Jç*
ûÁ©’Ææ’èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’h îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
A clause is a group of words with a verb.
(verbÖçúË group of words clause†’
Åçö«ç éπü∆.)
In most sentences above, they are clauses
beginning with 'wh' words (why, what,
when, where, which, who, whom, whose,
and how)
Ñ 'wh' clauses ´’† daily conversation ™
very common. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’
áçü¿’èπ◊, á´-JûÓ, áçûÓ, á´-JüÓ, ᙫíÓ, ÅØË -¢√-
öÀ-E sentences ™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç éπü∆. ÅC
English ™ ´÷ö«xúËô°æ¤púø÷ Öçô’çC. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-
ùèπ◊ °j ¢√öÀ™x I don't know where he is now
ÅØËC BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç = ¢√úÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ Ø√èπ◊
ûÁMü¿’. Where he is Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúÓ.
let us take the clauses which begin
with 'wh' words in the other sentences:
1) Any idea when vijai is coming =
Nïß˝’ á°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒhúÓ FÍé-´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?
3) I do not know what he wants from me =
¢√úÕéÀ Ø√†’ç* àç 鬢√™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’.
4) He didn't make clear why he would see me
¢√úø’- †-ØÁoç-ü¿’èπ◊ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúÓ Ææp≠ædç
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
5) a) I don't see why you didn't ask him =
†’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åúø-í∫-™‰üÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’.
(see = îª÷úøôç, éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-
´ôç)
b).... when exactly he wanted to come =
á°æ¤púø’ correct í¬ ®√¢√-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúÓ
6) We do not know whether to wait him for or
to go about our work =
´’†ç ÅûªúÕ éÓÆæç îª÷ú≈™ ™‰ü∆ ´’† °æE-O’ü¿
ÅC á´J ûª§Úp ؈’ É™«ç-öÀC ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ÷L ´’† con-
versation ¶«í¬ freeí¬, fluentí¬ Öçú≈©çõ‰
îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
°j† underline îËÆœ† M. SURESAN ´·êuçí¬ É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-
clause ©Fo èπÿú≈ LqçC 'wh' words ûÓ v§ƒç¶µº-´’-ßË’uN á°æ¤púø÷
questions Å´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿F, wh word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-
'wh' word clauses. Å®·ûË äéπ ´·êu N≠æߪ’ç
ÉN 'wh' words ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-´¤-ûª’Ø√o, ques- ¶µº-´’ßË’u clauses statement structure™
èπÿú≈ Öçö«-ߪ’E.
tions 鬴¤ ÅE í∫´’-Eç-î √L. Åçü¿’-éπØË ÅN
exercise: practise the following in English
question structure (wh+verb+subject/wh
Vilas: †’¢Áy-°æ¤úø’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh¢Ó Ø√èπ◊ correctí¬ îÁ°æp-
word + Helping verb + Sub +Main verb)
™
™‰´¤, Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ÉN'wh' word ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i- ™‰ü¿’.
†-°æpöÀéÃ, statement ™ ¶µ«í¬™‰ éπü∆ Åçü¿’-éπE Kailas: á°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒhØÓ Ø√Íé correct idea ™‰ü¿’
statement structure. statement ™ á°æ¤púø÷ Vilas: kumar FûÓ îÁ°æp-™‰ü∆ Ç°æ-EéÀ áçûª time °æúø’-
´·çü¿’í¬ subject verb
ûª®Ω¢√ûª ´≤ƒh®·. ûª’çüÓ †E?
Åçü¿’-éπE Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ wh word claus-
ûÓ ´îËa Kailas: ¢√úÕéÀ phone îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
esÅEoç-öÀ™ wh word sub+verb
ûª®Ω¢√ûª ¢√úÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’. ¢√úË Ø√èπ◊
structure ™ Öçú≈L. phone îË≤ƒh-†-Ø√oúø’. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ áçü¿’èπ◊
eg: Åûªúø’ É°æ¤p-úÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’. phone îËߪ’-™‰üÓ Å®Ωnç 鬴-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
O’éÃ-§ƒ-öÀéÀ ûÁLÊÆ Öçô’çC. english™ word Vilas: ÆæÍ®. ¢√úÕéÀ phone îËÆ œ ´’Sx †’¢Áy-°æ¤púø’ ®√í∫-
order °æü∆© Å´’-Jéπ sentence™ ûÁ©’í∫’ word ©¢Ó Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p. ´’†ç á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™
order èπ◊ î√™«-´-®Ωèπ◊ oppositeí¬ Öçô’çC.
E®Ωg-®·ç-î√¢√?
èπ◊úÕ áúø´’ Å´¤ûª’çC. 鬕-öÀd °j sentence ᙫ Kailas: ØËØÁ™« E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-í∫-©†’ ØËØÁ-°æ¤p-úÌ≤ƒhØÓ Ø√Íé
begin îË≤ƒhç? I dont know ûÓ ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË?
I dont know when he will be here. (when will Vilas: Å®·ûË kumar èπ◊ ¢ÁçôØË phone îËÆ œ
decide îÁ®·u.
he be here é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.
Answer:
a) á´-J-E °œ©’-≤ƒh-úø-ØËC ¢√úÕéÀ Ææç•çCµç*† N≠æߪ’ç
Vilas: you haven't (have not) told me correct-
= who he is going to invite (whom - old fash- ly when you will return.
ioned) is his business. Kailas: I dont my self/ I myself have a
(Ø√Íé)
correct idea when I will return
b) ¢√úÕ ´’†-Ææ’™ à´·çüÓ á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’?
Vilas: Hasn't kumar told you how much time
who knows what he has in his mind?
it will take?
who knows question.
(Ééπ\úø ¶µ«í∫ç Åçü¿’-éπE Kailas: I want to call him. I don't know where
question mark.) he is. He said he would call me. I don't
c) Ç °æ¤-Ææhéπç áéπ\-úø’çüÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? = see why he hasn't phoned me.
Vilas: OK. Phone him and tell me when you
Do you know where the book is?
can come back again. Have you decid-
(´’Sx í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ where the book is = °æ¤Ææhéπç ed when we should return.
Kailas: when I don't know myself when I will
áéπ\úø ÖçC? ÅE é¬ü¿’ Å®Ωnç. '°æ¤Ææhéπç áéπ\úø
ÖçüÓ— ÅE return
Vilas: Then phone kumar and decide.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm