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ABSTRACT:
A number of new technologies for monitoring, protection, and control of the power grid have been
perfected in recent years and a judicious application of these technologies can help to reduce the frequency
and severity of future catastrophic failures. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system
provides an excellent tool for monitoring and control of grid operations. With the opening of the electrical
utility market, SCADA systems have now changed from “Luxury” to a “Necessity”.
The traditional SCADA approaches assume that each function such as protection, control, monitoring, and
maintenance are supported by a separate infrastructure of recording instruments and/or controllers for
obtaining and processing data. One issue that did not get adequate attention regarding control and
protection of power systems in the past SCADA systems is the data integration and information exchange.
These SCADA models provide acceptable performance and reliability, but it has numerous drawbacks,
particularly in the areas of flexibility and open access to information. The new upcoming trends like Wide
Area Network (WAN), interconnected SCADA systems can eliminate these drawbacks. Configuration and
communication techniques of WAN interconnected SCADA system are presented in the paper. This system
can lead to excellent reliability and processing capabilities of existing SCADA systems.
1.INTRODUCTION
With the introduction of the new computer based equipment for control and protection in
the mid-eighties, the integration of the data and information exchange were possible, but
were not explored. Continued evolution of networking and PC technologies has enabled
better integration of control center systems and driven down operating costs. By
employing low cost high performance PC servers, new load dispatching control systems
can be implemented at substantially lower development cost. Especially in the current
fluid and rapidly changing environment faced by the power industry, these new load
dispatching control systems can be readily tailored to flexibly accommodate whatever
operating structural changes emerge in years ahead.
Electric utility deregulation, economic pressure of forcing, downsizing and the market
place pressures of potential takeover; have forced utilities to examine their operational
and organizational practices. Utilities are realizing that they must shift their focus to
customer service. The flow of information requires data communication over extended
network of system. The advent of industry deregulation has placed a greater emphasis on
the availability of information, the analysis of this information and the subsequent
decision making to optimize the system operation in a competitive environment. A
number of new technologies for monitoring, protection, and control of the power grid
have been perfected in recent years and a judicious application of these technologies can
help to reduce the frequency and severity of future catastrophic failures.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system provides an excellent tool
for monitoring and control. SCADA is a measurement and control system of a central
host or a master, one or more field data gathering and remote units and a collection of
standard and custom software used to monitor and control remotely located field data
elements. In the traditional approach, SCADA system acquires and process field data
through RTU (Remote Telemetry Unit) that are wired to substation switchyard and
located in control house. In this local substation relaying and control solution are quite
independent of EMS (Energy Management System), and there is no data integration. The
SCADA model provides acceptable performance and reliability, but it has numerous
drawbacks, particularly in the areas of flexibility and open access to information. Using
Wide Area Network (WAN) these drawbacks can be eliminated. In WAN control centers
and substation controllers are integrated for obstruction free information exchange.
REFERENCE:
Papers:
1. Integration of SCADA Connected to WAN: Mitsuya Kato, Tatsuyuki Suzuki, and
Katsufumi Watashiki.
Hitachi Review Volume 53 (2004), Number 3
2. Data Integration and Information Exchange for Enhanced Control and Protection
of Power Systems: Mladen Kezunovic.
Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System sciences-2003
3. Control Centers with Open Architectures: Gilberto P.Azevedo, Aryu L.Oliveira
IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume 14, Number 4.
4. Plan Head for Substation Automation: Steve Haacke, Sam Border, Dehn Stevens,
and Bob Uluski.
IEEE Power & Energy, Volume 1, Number 2, March/April 2003
5. Substation Integration Pilot Project: Tim Nissen, Doug Peterchuck
IEEE Power & Energy, Volume 1, Number 2, March/April 2003
6. Substation Automation Technologies and Advantages: Scott Bricker, Lew Rubin
Turan Gonen.
IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume 14, Number 3, July 2001