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Decade Ethical Climate Major Ethical

Dilemmas
Business Ethics
Developments
1960s
Social unrest.
Antiwar sentiment.
Adversarial
employee-
management
relationship.
Values shift from
loyalty to employer
to loyalty to ideas
and old values are
put aside.
Environmental
issues
Increased
employee-
employer tension
Civil rights issues
dominate
Honesty
Work ethic
changes
More drug use

Companies begin
establishing codes
of conduct and
value statements
Social
responsibility
movement begins
Corporations
address ethics
issues through
legal or personnel
departments
1970s
Defense
contractors and
other major
industries riddled
by scandal.
Economy suffers
recession.
Unemployment
increases.
Environmental
concerns escalate.
Businesses pushed
by public to be
held accountable
for ethical
inadequacies.
Employee
militancy
Human rights
issues come to
the surface
Some companies
choose to cover
problems rather
than fix them
Ethics Resource
Centre (ERC)
founded (1977)
Compliance with
laws important
Federal Corrupt
Practices Act
passes in 1977
Values movement
starts to move
ethics away from
compliance
orientation to
being values
centered.

1980s
Employee-
employer social
contract redefined.
Defense
contractors must
conform to strict
rules. Employee
loyalty to employer
erodes as
corporations
downscale. Ethics
amongst
healthcare are
Bribes and illegal
contracting
Influence
peddling
Deceptive
advertising
Financial fraud
Transparency
issues arise
ERC develops the
US Code of Ethic
for Government
Service in 1980
ERC forms first
business ethics
Defense Industry
Initiative created
Some companies
create
ombudsman
positions in
addition to ethics
emphasized. officer roles
False Claims Act
(government
contracting)
1990s
Global expansion
causes new
challenges in
ethics. Child
labour, facilitation
payments, and
environmental
issues become
major concerns.
Internet emerges,
and challenges
cultural borders.
What was once
forbidden becomes
increasingly
common.
Unsafe work
conditions in
Third World
Countries
Increased
corporate liability
for personal
damage (Dow
chemical)
Financial fraud
Federal
Sentencing
Guidelines (1991)
Class action
lawsuits
Global Sullivan
Principles (1999)
In re Caremark
(Deleware
Chancery Court
ruling regarding
board
responsibility for
ethics).
IGs requiring
voluntary
disclosure
ERC establishes
international
business ethics
centers.
Royal Dutch/Shell
International
begins issuing
annual reports on
its ethical
performance
2000s
Cyber crime
Increased
corporate liability
Privacy issues
Financial
mismanagement
International
corruption
Loss of privacy
(employees vs
employers)
Intellectual
Business
regulations create
stronger ethical
safeguards
(Federal
Sentencing
Guidelines for
Organizations;
Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002).
Anticorruption
efforts grow
property theft Shift to emphasis
on corporate
social
responsibility and
integrity
management
International
ethics centers are
formed to serve
the needs of
global business
OECD Convention
on Bribery (1997-
2000).

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