Arville Marion P.

Dableo July 15, 2014

Grade 8- Rosal
Page 1 of 7

Rhythm
-a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound
-the systematic arrangement of musical sounds, principally according to
duration and periodic stress.
-a particular type of pattern formed by rhythm.
Regular and Irregular Rhythm


Syncopation
In music, syncopation includes a variety of rhythms which are in
some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession
of regularly spaced strong and weak but also powerful beats in a
meter (pulse).
Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 2 of 7


Tala
Tala, Taal or Tal (Sanskrit tla Telugu ta, literally a "clap"), is
the term used in Indian classical music for the rhythmic pattern of any
composition and for the entire subject of rhythm, roughly
corresponding to metre in Western music, though closer conceptual
equivalents are to be found in the older system of rhythmic mode and
its relations with the "foot" of classical poetry, or with other Asian
classical systems such as the notion of usul in the theory of
Ottoman/Turkish music.

Melody
: a sweet or agreeable succession or arrangement of sounds
:tunefulness
: a rhythmic succession of single tones organized as an aesthetic
whole
Tonality
Tonality is a musical system in which pitches or chords are arranged
so as to induce a hierarchy of perceived stabilities and attractions. The
pitch or chord with the greatest stability is called the tonic.
Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 3 of 7



Atonal
Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or
key. Atonality, in this sense, usually describes compositions written
from about 1908 to the present day where a hierarchy of pitches
focusing on a single, central tone is not used, and the notes of the
chromatic scale function independently of one another (Kennedy
1994).



Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 4 of 7

Texture
In music, texture is the way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic
materials are combined in a composition (Benward & Saker 2003,
131), thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece.
Monophony
In music, monophony is the simplest of textures, consisting of melody
without accompanying harmony.
Homophony
In music, homophony (/hmfni/; Greek: , homphnos,
from , homs, "same" and , phn, "sound, tone") is a
texture in which two or more parts move together in harmony, the
relationship between them creating chords.

Heterophony
In music, heterophony is a type of texture characterized by the
simultaneous variation of a single melodic line. Such a texture can be
regarded as a kind of complex monophony in which there is only one
basic melody, but realized at the same time in multiple voices, each of
which plays the melody differently, either in a different rhythm or
tempo, or with various embellishments and elaborations.
Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 5 of 7

Harmony
In music, harmony is the use of simultaneous pitches (tones, notes),
or chords. The study of harmony involves chords and their
construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection
that govern them. Harmony is often said to refer to the "vertical"
aspect of music, as distinguished from melodic line, or the
"horizontal" aspect.

Tone Color
The same as timbre, the quality of sound that distinguishes one voice
or musical instrument from another.


Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 6 of 7

Expressive Elements
Expressive elements are nuances in the music, such as dynamics
(changes in intensity of sound), tempo, (rate of speed), and rubato
(flexibility in tempo) that make the music we play come alive.

DYNAMICS
Dynamics in the music tell us how loud or soft to play the notes. They
range within the context of the music from ppp (very very soft) to fff
(very very loud) in the following order:
ppp, pianississimo (very very soft)
pp, pianissimo(very soft)
p, piano (soft)
mp, mezzo piano (medium soft)
mf, mezzo forte (medium loud)
f, forte (loud)
ff, fortissimo (very loud)
fff, fortississimo (very very loud)


Rubato
"Rubato" is an Italian term denoting sudden or gradual increases and
decreases in the tempo of the music from 'accelerando', gradually
speeding up, to 'ritardondo' gradually slowing down.



Arville Marion P. Dableo July 15, 2014
Grade 8- Rosal
Page 7 of 7




Tempo
A tempo dictates how fast or slow the music is to be played. Here are
examples of tempi (plural of tempo) from very slow to very fast:

~Largo (broad)
~Lento (slow)
~Adagio (at ease)
~Andante (walking)
~Moderato (moderate)
~Allegro (quick)
~Vivace (lively)
~Presto (fast)
~Prestissimo (as fast as possible)