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Embedment length requirements in the current ACI Building Code (2) for the reinforcement are based on the hypothesis that the tension force T that can be developed in a bar is a function of the perimet er bond stresses uo, the perimeter of the bar to be developed Eo and the embedment length of the bar. The straight embedment length in order to develop a tension force of 32 kips is L = T / uoLo = 32 / (0.534)(3.53) = 17
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Proposed Design Procedures for Shear and Torsion in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Ramirez_part48
Embedment length requirements in the current ACI Building Code (2) for the reinforcement are based on the hypothesis that the tension force T that can be developed in a bar is a function of the perimet er bond stresses uo, the perimeter of the bar to be developed Eo and the embedment length of the bar. The straight embedment length in order to develop a tension force of 32 kips is L = T / uoLo = 32 / (0.534)(3.53) = 17
Embedment length requirements in the current ACI Building Code (2) for the reinforcement are based on the hypothesis that the tension force T that can be developed in a bar is a function of the perimet er bond stresses uo, the perimeter of the bar to be developed Eo and the embedment length of the bar. The straight embedment length in order to develop a tension force of 32 kips is L = T / uoLo = 32 / (0.534)(3.53) = 17
The embedment length requirements in the current ACI Build ing
Code (2) for the reinforcement are based on the hypothesis that the tension force T that can be developed in a bar is a function of the perimet er bond stresses uo,the perimeter of the bar to be developed Eo, and the embedment length of the bar such that (4.27) where the ultimate perime ter bond stress U o is a function of the concrete strength ~ and the bar diameter db (4.28) For this design example U o is 9 5 ~ 1 1 2 5 = 534 psi, since T = 32 kips and LO for a 119 bar is 3.53 in. The required straight embedment length in order to develop a tension force of 32 kips is L = T/uoLo = 32/(0.534)(3.53) = 17" (4.29,) Thus, the straight embedment length of 6" is not enough. Therefore, it is necessar y to prov id e the 119 corner bar s at the bottom of the reinforced concrete box beam with a standard 90 degree hook at the ends. If a standard 90 degree hook in accordance with the requirements given in the ACI Building Code (2) is provided, then the stress that can be developed by the hook fh is (4.30) 174 where k = 540 for #9 bar. Thus, fh = = 34 ksi. The required stress is 32 kips divideJ by the area of a 119 bar (1 in.2) or 32 ksi. Hence, if a 90 degree standard hook is provided, the 32 kip force would be adequately developed. For the case of the 2 #8 compression bars only the 20 kip force due to the presence of and torsion would have to be developed. However, as illustrated in Sec. 2.2.2 of Report 248-2, due to the presence of the compression fan in the support region no longitudinal tension reinforcement is required due to the effects of shear in the top compression face of the member within a distance [(ZLcota)/2] from the centerline of the support. Thus, at the support region only that area of longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion would have to be developed to its full yield strength. From Eq. 4.24 taking Vn = 0, the resultant area required only for torsion is (4.31) Thus, T = 0.11 (60) = 6.8 kips, Uo is given as 9.5 ,.foOO'0/1 = 601 psi and L = T/uoLD = 6.8/(.601)(3.1415) = 3.60". Since it is a top bar Ld = 1.4(L) = (1.4)(3.6) = 5.0". The 6 in. straight embedment length provided past the centerline of the support is then adequate to develop the required tension force. Finally, the anchorage of the top compression reinforcement has to be evaluated at (zLcota)/2 = 6.5 in. from the centerline of the support. 175 The area of longitudinal reinforcement required for shear and torsion can be evaluated using Eq. 4.24, AL(T,V) = [(176)(51.64)/4(166.7) + 51.3/2]/(2)(60) = 0.32 in. 2 , hence T = (0.32)(60) = 19 kips. The compression force produced by the applied moment can be evaluated using as C = T = Mu/z. Mu at a distance zcot 12 from the centerline of the support is 289 in.-k, thus C = 289/12 = 24 kips. Therefore, the net resultant tension at the section is zero. Therefore, the theoretical required embedment length would equal to zero. The final detailing of the longitudinal reinforcement at the support region is shown in Fig. 4.27. 4.3.8 Design of the Reinforced Concrete Box Section Following the ACI/AASHTO Design Procedure. In order to show the difference in design procedures, the same example used in Section 4.3.7 is reworked using current design procedures. The first step in the design procedure is to evaluate the magnitude of the torsional moment to find out if torsional effects can be neglected. The ACI/AASHTO design procedure (1,2) states that torsion effects shall be included with shear and flexure where the factored torsional moment Tu exceeds (0.5 J ~ L: X 2 y). Otherwise, the torsion effects may be neglected. In this design example Tu = 150 in.-kip and ~ = 4000 ps i. The term L: X 2 y represents the torsional section properties, where x is the shorter overall dimension of the rectangular part of the cross section and y is the longer overall dimension of the retangu1ar part of the cross section. For this design example, x = y = 176 IS" <l I 3in. .I Sin. I 25I #S I 16.1" I #9 corner bars 12 db =13.5" bend diameter=Sdb =9" ~ r o ~ I 2.6" I 7\ ",." ,." ,. ,. 777 / Sin. .,1 Fig. 4.27 Detailing of the longitudinpl reinforcement at the support region