M.

Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory as part of the overall

research program of the Center for Transportation Research of The
University of Texas at Austin. The work was sponsored jointly by the
Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation and the
Federal Highway Administration under an agreement with The University of
Texas at Austin and the State Department of Highways and Public
Transportation.
Liaison wi th the State Department of Highways and Publ ic
Transportation was maintained through the contact representatives, Mr.
Warren A. Grasso and Mr. Dean W. Van Landuyt; the Area IV Committee
Chairman, Mr. Robert L. Reed; and the State Bridge Engineer, Mr. Wayne
Henneberger. Mr. T. E. Strock was the contact representative for the
Federal Highway Administration.
The overall study was directed by Dr. John E. Breen, who holds
the Carol Cockrell Curran Chair in n g i n e e r i n ~ The project was under
the immediate supervision of Dr. Julio A. Ramirez, Research Engineer.
He was assisted by Mr. Thomas C. Schaeffer and Mr. Reid W. Castrodale,
Assistant Research Engineers.
iv
SUM MAR Y
The object of this study is to propose and evaluate a design
procedure for shear and torsion in reinforced and prestressed concrete
beams, with the aim of clarifying and simplifying current design
requirements and AASHTO requirements.
In previous reports in this series a three-dimensional space
truss model with variable angles of inclination of the diagonals was
introduced as a design model and shown by comparison with test data to
be a conservative yet more accurate model than current ACI/AASHTO design
approaches.
The general nature of this variable angle truss model makes it
extremely useful to the designer in treating complex shear and torsion
problems. Several examples of such applications are included in this
report. Specific recommendations for incorporating such models is
presented in language and expressions consistent with the type of
language used in AASHTO Bridge Specifications. Several design examples
are included to both clarify the application of the design model and to
provide a comparison of the reinforcement using both the proposed
changes and the current AASHTO requirements.
v
IMPLEMENTATION
This report is the final in a series which summarizes a major
experimental and analytical project aimed directly at suggesting new
design recommendations for treating shear and torsion in reinforced and
prestressed concrete girders. The detailed recommendations for possible
changes in AASHTO Bridge Specifications are included in this report.
This report contains background information of interest both to
those responsible for deciding on specifications and codes and to
designers. In addition, it contains detailed examples of the
application of the space truss with variable angle of inclination of the
diagonals to shear and torsion design. Such information will be of
particular value to designers interested in specific application of the
variable angle truss model in new and unfamiliar situations.
The report shows the new proposal to be conservative, accurate
and more versatile than existing procedures. In some cases it can
result in reduction of web reinforcement and congestion but in other
cases will produce around the same designs as currently found. However,
the designer will have substantially improved knowledge regarding the
design process and will be able to treat many design cases now not
covered by the AASHTO Specifications.
vi
CON TEN T S
Part
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives and Scope of the Study
2 BACKGROUND FOR DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Introduction .
Review of Some Design Procedures Available or
Recommended for Other Codes
2.2.1 CEB-Refined
2.2.2 Swiss Code
2.2.3 Proposed Canadian Code--General Method
Concrete Contribution in the Transition State
2.3.1 Reevaluation of the Truss Model Predictions
with the Additional Proposed Concrete
Contribution in the Transition State
General Assumptions and Design Procedures in the
Truss Model Approach . . .
2.4.1 Selection of the Truss System .
2.4.2 Inclination of the Compression Diagonal
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
Summary
Members of the Truss System .
Dimensioning of the Transverse Reinforcement
Dimensioning of the Longitudinal Reinforcement
Checking the Web Concrete Stresses
Adequate Detailing of the Steel Reinforcement
2.4.6.1 Torsion
2.4.6.2 Shear
3 PROPOSED DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 Recommended AASHTO Design Specifications for Shear
and Torsion in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete
Page
1
2
4
7
7
10
10
21
32
41
51
65
67
68
69
72
73
74
75
77
80
83
One-Way Members with Web Reinforcement 83
3.2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROPOSED DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS AND
COMPARISON WITH CURRENT AASHTO PROCEDURES
4.1 Introduction
vii
97
97