Introduction:

This report is intended as an outline defning the scope of

electrical works, and to point out the essential guidelines and
criteria which will be used in the preparation of the fnal electrical
design drawings and specifcations.
System Description:
The scope of electrical installations in the Building includes the
following:
Low voltage network
Lighting
Small power
Data network
Telephone network
arthing S!stem
Basic Design Criteria:
The design, selection and sizing of electrical equipment is affected by
many factors and installation conditions such as ambient temperature,
altitude, load, demand factors, percent loss of equipment life under short
time emergency overload conditions, voltage regulation, short circuit
capacities, the ability to start large motors, load characteristics, client
standards, and relevant codes and standards.

The design criteria will attempt to recommend the lowest cost sizing
without lowering reliability, future expansion or safety to limit the installed
cost and minimize future spare costs.
The electrical system will be economically designed for continuous and
reliable service, safety to personnel and equipment, ease of
maintenance and operation, minimum power losses, mechanical
protection of equipment, interchange ability of equipment, and addition
of future loads. System protective devices (relays, fuses, breaker trip
units, etc., will be selected and co!coordinated to ensure that the
interrupter nearest the point of short circuit (or high overload will open
first and minimize disturbances on the rest of the system.
The electrical distribution system will be designed and installed to meet
the power and grounding requirements of the electronic load equipment.
The electrical distribution system will also be arranged to minimize
service interruptions, provide flexibility for growth and maintenance, and
provide continuous and reliable power under all desired conditions.
Power Supply
"ower supply will be provided by two independent sources (different
incoming distribution lines. The minimum capacity of each supply
feeder will be sufficient to supply #$$% of the sum of the full load
maximum site ratings of the connected transformers.
&eneral building loads (such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air
conditioning and process cooling equipment and electronic load
equipment (klystrons, power supplies, beam lines, etc. will be supplied
from separate switchgears respectively. The switchgear for general

building loads will be designated 'dirty power switchgear( and
switchgear for electronic load equipment will be called 'clean power
switchgear(.
Reliability
The design of the power system will be based on the need to provide a
stable source of electrical power and to minimize any down time
associated with the system as a whole or the individual components
Thereof.
The reliability of the system will be enhanced by)
o a reliance on accepted national and international standards,
o a careful screening of suppliers,
o application of redundancy principles in system design if required.
Provision for Future Expansion
Sufficient power capacity will be installed to service the expected peak
loads for the ensuing five years. *s the forecast for future energy
increases, additional equipment may be required to install.
*ny increase in capacity will be achieved through the installation of
additional equipment as opposed to replacement with larger sizes.
*ll switchgear (low, medium and high voltage and operator control
panels will be manufactured and installed to permit future additional
cubicles to be easily added to the lineup.
+.#,.# -ritical loads or loads requiring a high degree of availability will
be supplied by a ."S system and/or a standby generator capable of
automatically supplying the required power within #$ seconds after a
power failure.

Design Factors
0lectrical power and associated control equipment will be designed to
withstand the effects of voltage depression resulting from a three phase
short circuit on the distribution network.
The network will be designed such that any piece of electrical equipment
can safely be taken out of service for maintenance purposes.
*vailable fault levels within the electrical system will be sufficient to start
and operate any electrical load without disrupting operation of other
equipment.
1ating of protective equipment will be adequate to detect and isolate
electrical faults anywhere within the system.
2oltage drops at normal operating conditions are not to exceed 3%.
2oltage drop at motor terminals during starting is not to exceed 4$%.
2oltage drop on a feeder bus during starting is not to exceed ,% (#$%
for large motors with infrequent starts. *ppropriate measures like
capacitor assisted starting, reduced voltage starting, soft start and
transformer onload tap changers will be selected so as not to exceed
voltage drops
5otors greater than 4$ k6 will be provided with reduced voltage closed
transition, autotransformer starters, or load controlled solid!state soft!
start starters.
5otors in excess of 7$ k6 will be provided with local power factor
correction.
6here motor anti!condensation heaters are utilized, the control circuit
will be designed for automatic operation of heaters whenever the motor

is off and, in the case of medium voltage motors, when the switchgear is
in the racked!out position.
Transformer impedance will be selected to limit short!circuit currents to
values within the ratings of the connected equipment and to optimize
voltage regulation.
The power circuit breakers will be manually operated for non!motor
loads. Static trip devices will be furnished on all load center power circuit
breakers.
8reaker!protected combination starters will control motors fed from
5--s.
9ffice workstation areas will be designed to accommodate one separate
dedicated branch circuit wiring and receptacle for electronic load
equipment and another separate wiring and receptacle circuit for
convenience loads or high impact loads.
Critical AC System
*n uninterruptible power supply (."S will be provided for critical loads
such as critical field instrumentation necessary for monitoring and safe
shutdown of operations.
."S will include an inverter, static transfer switch, and manual bypass
switch. * failure or fault within the inverter will result in an automatic
transfer of the ."S loads to a nonregulated back!up power supply.
The manual bypass switch will be used to transfer the ."S load to the
back!up source for maintenance on the inverter.

To compensate for harmonics created by the connected equipment, the
continuous rating of the ."S systems will support #$$% unbalanced
and #$$% non!linear loads, with a crest factor of three.
Earthining System
The earthing system of the facilities will be based on earthing
specification #+3:$, ;000 Std #7#, 1ecommended "ractice for 0lectric
"ower <istribution in ;ndustrial "lants and ;000 Std ##$$, "owering and
earthing 0lectronic 0quipment.
Substation earthing will be based on ;000 Std =$, &uide for Safety in
Substation earthing so that maximum tolerable step and touch potentials
are not exceeded.
The earthing system will be designed such that it adequately provides
protection against potential hazards associated with rise in voltage and
sparks caused by electrical faults, lightning discharges and
accumulation of static charges.
The earthing system will ensure safety to personnel in relation to touch
and step voltages and protect equipment against damage associated
with rise of potential.
* earthing system consisting of a grid of network of medium!hard drawn
bare copper conductors will be provided.
0arth grid conductors will be sized to withstand maximum expected
future fault current for $., seconds.
The system will be designed to limit the overall resistance to earth to
two(4 9>5S or less for power earthing, ($., 9>5S or less for light

current earthing and ($.# 9>5S or less for radio earthing, measured
during the dry season.
*ll ma?or electrical equipment rated +$$ volts and above, such as
transformers, switchgear, large motors, motor controllers, etc., will be
connected to the earth with a minimum of two separate earthing
connections.
* main earth grid consisting of bare stranded copper cable and
compression connections will be provided below grade throughout the
facilities area. -able risers will be brought above grade from the grid at
two or more locations near each site structure. These earthing systems
will consist of the conductive metal of approved raceway systems, such
as conduit and cable tray, and different sizes of bare stranded copper
cable.
0lectrical equipment, building steel, and metal components likely to
become energized under abnormal conditions will be effectively earthed
by direct or indirect connection to the main earth grid.
-olumns and beams not directly connected to the earthing system will
be considered to be effectively earthed if they can be traced to a
grounded column through a series of metal!to!metal connections.
-onductive coatings at the connections will be considered as an
adequate and effective ground path.
Sensitive equipment, such as microcomputers, microprocessors,
electronic office machines, communication and telephone systems, and
instrumentation will be grounded in order to eliminate the non!current
carrying metallic parts becoming energized with a hazardous electrical
potential. These devices will be connected to a single point earthing bus.

Therefore, at each location, a local ground bus will be established as the
single grounding point where all the individual equipment! earthing
connections are made. ;f several local busses are required, a earthing
conductor will connect all local busses to a common bus. The common
earth bus, in turn, will be connected to the main ground grid.
Lighting
The lighting fixtures, transformers, panels, receptacles, switches, wire,
and raceways, and their design will comply with the requirements of ;0-.
;llumination levels will be in accordance the recommendations of the
"#
$rea lu%
&'ces ())
corridors *()
Bathrooms *()
Lobbies +
entrance
*()
Stairs *)),*()
@ighting for control rooms, instrument boards and other similar
installations will be designed to illuminate vertical board!mounted
equipment and details without glare.
;nterior lighting will be switched with local switches throughout.
0mergency lighting required for egress from buildings will be provided
by an emergency generator.
@ocally switched and pilot lighted lighting will be provided in mechanical
duct systems, at filter locations and near mechanical units where
frequent maintenance is required. ;n storage areas the lighting will be

designed to illuminate the lower shelves as much as possible.
Aluorescent lighting will be provided in crawl spaces and/or chases.
@ighting panels will include individual labeled circuit breakers. The
panels will be designed so that, initially, approximately 4$ percent spare
breakers and load capacity will be available for future use.
6here practical, the lighting panels will be located in corridors so that
service and inspection can be done without interfering with the
occupants.
;n main areas, the circuits will be on a staggered basis so that if a single
branch circuit breaker will trip any given area will not be in total
darkness.
Security lighting will be provided for the fenced areas, building
entrances, outside storage areas, parking areas and other specified
areas.
@ighting will enable personnel to safely exit enclosed areas following the
loss of electric power and lighting circuits.
0lectromagnetic contractors to enable the switching of all outdoor
lighting fixtures from a central location will control power supplied to all
new outdoor lighting.
Lighting Fixtures
Aor selection of lighting fixtures (metal halide or fluorescent, economic
factors will be considered. >"S lamp fixtures will be considered in areas
where flood lighting is required.

;n general, suitable rapid start fluorescent fixtures will be used in low
ceiling indoor areas requiring high illumination levels such as offices,
control rooms etc.
Aixtures for general room or area lighting requirements will be
symmetrical lens and fluorescent types. Aor control rooms, a ceiling
metallic grid parabolic system will be provided.
5etal >alide and high!pressure sodium fixtures when used will have
constant wattage high power factor ballasts and colour!corrected lamps.
Aluorescent fixtures will utilize T= lamps with 7#$$ B temperature and
-1; of =$ or better. Cuiet ballasts (sound rated class * will be used in
offices, conference rooms and similar low noise level areas.
Receptacles
*ll offices will be provided at least with two duplex receptacles ad?acent
to the desk location. The receptacles will be placed in separate boxes at
least #,$mm centre!to centre and not installed in one box.
@obbies and corridors will be provided with sufficient number of outlets
to require no more than a #, meter cord for power!driven housekeeping
machines. 9ne of these outlets will be provided near each caretakerDs
office and these outlets will be on separate circuits than outlets in user
spaces.
<uplex receptacles will be provided in the mechanical duct systems at
filter locations and near mechanical units in the ceiling spaces and crawl
spaces where frequent maintenance will occur.

1eceptacles will be provided to serve portable lights and tools for
maintenance of outdoor installations of equipment and facilities as
follows)
a. 9utlets will be located within , m of the equipment to be serviced
and about # m above grade or platform.
b. 9utside areas where the equipment or facility is served with
permanent lighting.
c. The 9wner will review the final number and location of outlets. These
will be protected by ground fault circuit interrupters.
1eceptacles in buildings will be provided, as required, to
supply electrical equipment not supplied by permanent wiring
and to serve portable electrical devices.
1eceptacles will be single!phase *- and will have a separate
contact for connection to the grounding pole in the plug.
&round contacts in plugs and receptacles will be arranged so
that the grounding circuit is made first and broken last.
9utdoor outlets will meet the following)
a. "lug will have shrouded contacts so that contacts remain
enclosed until circuit is broken.
b. "lugs will be held in the plugged!in position by locking
rings, twist lugs or equivalent.
c. *rcs resulting from breaking loads will be contained. "lug
and receptacle will incorporate arc!quenching design of the
main contacts, with means of delaying full withdrawal until
extinction is complete.

8ranch circuits supplying outlets for general use will have an
ampacity not less than the ampere rating of the largest
receptacle supplied by the circuit. 9ne circuit will supply not
more than six outlets.
To ensure a reliable, low resistance connection, all wiring
terminations to receptacles will be by screw!compression
wiring contacts. "ush!in wiring contacts will not be accepted.
Raceway System
-able Tray
The main selection criteria for designing and installing a
proper cable tray system will be based upon the following)
o -S* load class
o 6idth and height
o EType of tray bottom
o 5aterial
o ESpan
o <eflection
o Aittings
o 8onding
o Support structures
Aor power and distribution, generally ladder, ventilated or solid
tray will be specified.

Aor instrumentation, data and communications generally
channel or centre hung tray will be specified, although solid
and ventilated tray may occasionally be used as well.
-able tray and accessories will be rigid steel, hot!dipped
galvanized, -S* Standard load classification 0.
;f covers are used, the weight of the cover will be taken into
account and added to cable tray loading. Aor outdoor
applications, wind and snow loading will be added to the
weight of the cables, thereby reducing cable tray load
capacities.
-able tray supports will be field located by the installation
contractor and placed at intervals not exceeding + metres
measured along the tray centerlines and also in accordance
with standard details.
-able trays must be supported either from overhead or
ad?acent structural members. -loser supporting may be
required for outdoor installations, vertical installations, and
installations where more than one level of tray share the same
supports.
6here possible, cable entries to electrical power sources (i.e.,
switchgear, 5-- will be from below to simplify tray systems.
Trays will be located so that the lowest part of the cable tray
support assembly is at least 4.# metres above floors to
maintain minimum headroom requirements. Trays in cable
spreading rooms may need to be less than 4 metres due to
the high concentration of cables in the area.

-able trays will not be routed through areas where there is
potential for accumulation of oil or other combustible materials
on the cables. ;f cable trays must be routed through these
areas, the cable trays must be provided with tray covers
designed to minimize the amount of such material reaching
the cables.
Trays will not be located near heat sources (burner fronts,
steam piping, heat exchangers, etc. unless cables are
adequately derated and suitable for the higher ambient
temperatures. ;f this is not practical or possible, a protective
heat barrier will be installed.
-ircuits in cable spreading areas will be limited to those
performing control and instrument functions and those power
supply circuits and facilities serving the control room and
instrument systems.
6here routed through cable spreading areas, power supply
circuits to instrument and control room distribution panels will
be installed in conduits.
+.3$.#.#F 0xtra consideration must be given to the strength of
the support elements (beam clamps, anchor bolts, hanger
rods, etc. used to support vertical stacks and long vertical
runs of cable tray.
0ach section of cable tray will be connected to ad?acent
sections using splice plates or approved coupling device and
located within G of the span from the supports.

6here cable trays are located over any electrical equipment,
the minimum vertical separation of approximately $.:$m from
the top of the equipment to the bottom of the tray will be
maintained.
The cable tray system will be mounted so that sufficient space
above the tray is provided to permit installation of any
approved cable!pulling equipment.
* minimum variety of tray sizes and fittings will be chosen to
simplify design and inventory.
Aittings will be limited to 7, and :$ degrees. Special, 3$ and
+$ fittings will be used only when required to satisfy special
requirements.
The choice of radius for tray fittings will be a minimum of =
times the diameter of the largest nonshielded cable or #4
times the diameter of the largest shielded cable to be
installed, whichever is larger. * minimum variety of radii will be
used.
0xcept as indicated otherwise herein, all indoor vertical trough
and ladder type trays will be furnished with louvered ventilated
covers. *ll indoor horizontal trays located under grating floors
or insulated pipe be furnished with solid covers which extend
at least +#$mm beyond that part of the trays directly exposed
beneath the grating floor or insulated pipe. ;ndoors, covers
may be omitted on those lower trays of stacked trough and
ladder type trays where a covered tray at a higher elevation in
the stack provides complete vertical shielding to the lower

tray. *ll outdoor trays will be furnished with solid covers. Trays
that are specified to have solid bottoms will also have solid
covers throughout, including all horizontal runs, all fittings, and
all vertical runs.
The cable tray system will be electrically continuous. *ll trays
containing power circuits will be provided with a continuous
ground conductor installed in or on the entire length of the tray
system. This ground must be connected to the station ground
grid at locations indicated on the grounding drawings. Aor
cable trays containing control or instrument circuits only, a
ground conductor is not requiredH however, the tray will be
connected to building steel at intervals not exceeding 7,
meters, and will be mechanically connected to any enclosure
or raceway to which the tray terminates. 6here connection of
control and instrument tray to building steel or at terminations
as indicated is not possible, ground ?umpers will be used as
required to maintain electrical continuity. -able trays will be
grounded at intervals not exceeding #, m.
0ffective fire stops will be provided for cable entries into
equipment. *ll penetrations through walls for cable trays
especially into cable spreading rooms and all vertical
penetrations through floors will also be provided with fire
stops.
6here trays extend vertically through concrete floors and
platforms, curbs or other suitable means will be provided to
prevent water flow through the floor or platform opening.

The electrical conductors for redundant systems will be
separated by arrangement of cable trays and/or protective
barriers such that no single event will prevent operation of the
required number of redundant systems. The degree of
separation required varies with the potential hazards in a
particular area.
-able trays containing circuits for redundant systems will be
arranged to minimize the possibility of a fire damaging more
than one system or propagating from one system to another.
-onductors of systems sensitive to electrical noise will not
occupy the same tray with conductors of power or control
systems, and will be run in a separate instrument tray system.
This tray system will be solid bottom with solid covers.
1equirements of system manufacturers must be followed
when routing cables for noise sensitive systems.
Trays for cables of different voltage levels will be stacked in
descending order with the higher voltage above. ;nstrument
cable trays will be lowest.
Power Factor Correction
;mprovements in power factor may be desired for financial reasons (to
lower utility costs associated with power factor penalties or operational
reasons (to lower system losses, increase system reserve capacity, or
improve voltage conditions.
"ower factor capacitors, if specified, will be added as necessary to
minimize the electrical k2* power demand. @arger, higher voltage

capacitor banks are generally more economical than capacitor units
installed with individual motors.
0xtreme caution will be used when applying capacitors to ensure that
they do not cause resonance conditions that can magnify harmonic
levels and cause excessive voltage distortion.
@oad harmonic profiles will be calculated or estimated (current harmonic
profile estimated from typical individual pieces of electronic load
equipment.
a!ar"ous Locations
-lassifications will be shown on the '*rea -lassification( drawings.
+.3,.3 0ach equipment enclosure will be suitable for the respective area
classification in which it is installed ( must be explosion proof.
Lightning Protection
* lightning protection system will be provided to protect facilities from
damage due to lightning stroke or discharge.
The lightning protection system will be an active attraction system
designed to attract the lightning strike to a preferred point through an air
terminal and to convey the energy safely to earth.
The lightning protection system will include the following components)
o *n enhanced active air terminal of the type designed to minimize
corona emissions and optimize streamer inception at a
predetermined time.
o *n insulated low impedance down!conductor to conduct the energy
to earth safely and effectively.
o * + meter copper!clad steel earth rod c/w access earth well and
chemical electrodes filled with conductive electrolytes to provide

better grounding conductivity (if required to reduce earthing
resistance to acceptable level.
o * lightning event counter.
The air terminal will be insulated from the protected structure under all
conditions. The mast will be adequately rated for wind shear loading and
guy wires will be provided as appropriate to local environmental
conditions.
The down!conductor will consist a plastic filler (to increase effective
diameter of core conductor, main copper conductor, semiconducting
stress control layer, polyethylene high voltage insulation,
semiconducting stress control layer, copper tape screen and electrically
conductive plastic sheath. ;nsulation breakdown ratings between main
conductor and copper tape will be no less than 4$$ k2 based on #/,$ s
wave shape . The lightning event counter will have an electronic register
that activates one count for every discharge where the peak current
exceeds #,$$ *. The test wave shape will be the =/4$ s standard. The
lightning event counter will be suitable for outdoor installation in I7$-
to J 7$-.
S#S$E% S$&D'ES
(eneral
System studies will be performed to verify proper design of electrical
power systems and equipment for new facilities and ma?or additions to
existing facilities.
Short circuit calculations will indicate that all distribution equipment is
suitable for continuous operation at full load and will be capable of

withstanding thermal and electromagnetic forces due to short circuit and
fault conditions.
Short Circuit Analysis
* Short -ircuit Study will be performed to cover three phase, single line
to ground, line to line, and line to line to ground faults in time frames of
first cycle, one to four cycles and 3$ cycles. The Short -ircuit Study will
focus on)
o 2erifying switching equipment momentary and interrupting ratings
based on worst case three!phase to ground fault levels.
o -onfirmations of short time withstand ratings of system components.
o "roviding maximum and minimum fault levels for relay coordination
studies.
Short circuit studies will be performed assuming the maximum ultimate
transient fault!current availability or minimum ultimate source
impedance.
The maximum short!circuit current will be limited to a value no greater
than :, percent (:$ percent during preliminary design of the fault
current rating at the point of common coupling assuming the following
conditions)
o 5aximum system voltage (at contingency levels
o 5aximum system fault 52*
o Transformer impedance reduced by allowable tolerances
o 5otor fault contribution of motors that could possibly be running
simultaneously
o Aacility loads at maximum expected value

2alues obtained from worst!case analysis will be used to size and
purchase electrical equipment.
.nless load flow analysis or actual system operating practices dictates
differently, all transformer tap settings will be assumed to be at the
midpoint.
)oltage Regulation
0lectrical equipment is designed for optimum operation at its nominal
nameplate voltage. *ny deviation from this rated voltage can result in
decreased efficiency, damaged electronic equipment, and severely
reduced life of electrical control and utilization equipment.
The allowable limits of voltage regulation will be as follows)
o The voltage at the terminals of motors will be within K #$ percent of
the motor rated voltage, under steady!state operating conditions.
o The voltage at the terminals of any single motor while it is starting will
be at least =$ percent of the motor rated voltage. The largest motor
connected to the bus under consideration will be assumed to start
with all other motors running.
o The transient voltage on running motors while another motor is
starting will be at least F, percent of motor rated voltage.
2oltage regulation studies will consider the following conditions)
o -ondition # ! 0stablishing 5inimum 8us 2oltages
5inimum system voltage (at contingency levels
Aacility load at maximum expected value
Transformer impedanceDs increased by *LS; allowable
tolerances
o -ondition 4 ! 0stablishing 5aximum 8us 2oltages

5aximum system voltage
Aacility load at minimum value (e.g., before initial startup
Transformer impedanceDs decreased by *LS; allowable
tolerances
Steady!state and transient voltage analysis will be performed to ensure
that proper operating voltage is maintained (inadequate voltage may
affect the performance of electronic load equipment such as operational
problems, synchronization problem or risk equipment damage.
<esign assumptions)
o *ctual system data and constraints will be used to calculate voltages.
o Steady!state voltages will be evaluated at maximum, normal, and
minimum.
o The maximum voltage on each circuit will be calculated assuming
that all motor loads are disconnected and in the case of a double
ended substation that both transformer banks are operational and
the bus!tie circuit breaker and/or switch is in its normal state.
o The normal voltage of each circuit will be calculated based on the
maximum operating loads.
o The minimum voltage of each circuit will be calculated based on the
normal operating load plus the operating load of the largest spare
(standby motor if the spare motor is not interlocked to prevent
starting while the primary motor is running.
o 2oltage drop calculations will be based on the minimum short circuit
level of the supply.
%otor Starting Stu"y

5otor Starting Study will be completed using both static and dynamic
motor starting models to cover)
o *ssessment of motor starting capability.
o <eterminations of bus voltage drop.
o ;dentification of assisted starting requirements (capacitor assisted
starting, reduced voltage starting, soft start, etc. if required.
o Transformer tap ad?ustments so as not to exceed the limits of voltage
drops.
Loa" Flow stu"y
* @oad Alow Study will be performed to)
o ;dentify equipment overload conditions (normal and contingency
operation.
o ;dentify steady state voltage problem areas (bus voltage profiles.
o Select optimum transformer tap ad?ustments.
o ;dentify poor power factor (branch power factors.
o ;dentify system losses (current power flow M feeder capacity.
Protective "evice Co*or"ination
1elay and protective devices will be selected and co!coordinated to
provide a system that permits the interrupting device nearest to a fault to
operate first.
The design will be validated by a comprehensive coordination study.
1elay and fuse co!ordination studies will be performed to include all
protection time/current characteristic devices from the largest single
protective device connected to the low voltage main distribution bus, up
to and including the incoming power supply protective devices.

armonic Analysis
-alculation or estimation of load harmonic profiles is a necessary
requirement for all power distribution systems intended to supply
electronic load equipment, to comply with ;000 standard ,#: and 3::.
8ased on pro?ect requirements, a harmonic load flow study will be
executed to calculate the fundamental voltage and current and the load
data from the harmonic source. The load flow report will be reviewed to
ensure that the system is operating properly at ,$ >z.
*lternatively, harmonic profiles of load currents will be measured and
recorded at required locations and appropriate mitigation measures
recommended.