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Candidates are expected to answer the questions in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions. $ would not wish to underrate the need for a collecti'e solution to this tragic war.
Candidates are expected to answer the questions in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions. $ would not wish to underrate the need for a collecti'e solution to this tragic war.
Candidates are expected to answer the questions in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions. $ would not wish to underrate the need for a collecti'e solution to this tragic war.
C. English Candidates are expected to answer the questions in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions. Question 1. Answer any two of the following: 1! marks each" a" #ead the following passage and answer the questions below: $t is many months now since $ found myself obliged by conscience to end my silence and to take a public stand against my country%s war in &ietnam. The considerations which led me to that painful decision ha'e not disappeared( indeed) they ha'e been magnified by the course of e'ents since then. The war itself is intensified( the impact on my country is e'en more destructi'e. $ cannot speak about the great themes of 'iolence and non* 'iolence) of social change and of hope for the future) without reflecting on the tremendous 'iolence of &ietnam. +ince the spring of 1,-.) when $ first made public my opposition to my go'ernment%s policy) many persons ha'e questioned me about the wisdom of my decision. /0hy you12 they ha'e said. /3eace and ci'il rights don%t mix. Aren%t you hurting the cause of your people12 And when $ hear such questions) $ ha'e been greatly saddened) for they mean that the inquirers ha'e ne'er really known me) my commitment) or my calling. $ndeed) that question suggests that they do not know the world in which they li'e. $n explaining my position) $ ha'e tried to make it clear that $ remain perplexed4as $ think e'eryone must be4by the complexities and ambiguities of &ietnam. $ would not wish to underrate the need for a collecti'e solution to this tragic war. $ would wish neither to present 5orth &ietnam or the 5ational 6iberation 7ront as paragons of 'irtue nor to o'erlook the role they can play in the successful resolution of the problem. 0hile they both may ha'e 8ustifiable reasons to be suspicious of the good faith of the 9nited +tates) life and history gi'e eloquent testimony to the fact that conflicts are ne'er resol'ed without trustful gi'e*and*take on both sides. +ince $ am a preacher by calling) $ suppose it is not surprising that $ had se'eral reasons for bringing &ietnam into the field of my moral 'ision. There is at the outset a 'ery ob'ious and almost facile connection between the war in &ietnam and the struggle $ and others ha'e been waging in America. :r. ;artin 6uther <ing) =r.) /The Trumpet of Conscience2" i. Why did Dr. King feel that he had to clarify his position against the war? :r. <ing felt he needed to clarify his position against the war because the war has gotten and its effects on the 9nited +tates more destructi'e. >e was also upset by people saying that peace and ci'il right didn%t mix( in so saying they showed they didn%t understand :r. <ing%s commitment to all who suffer and not 8ust to his own people. ii. Why didnt Dr. King feel the United States could solve the problems between the two sides in Vietnam by fighting there? :r <ing didn%t feel the 9nited +tates could sol'e &ietnam%s problems because a solution would require the two &ietnamese factions in the conflict. 7urther he felt the war was filled with complexities and ambiguities that made it unlikely that either side was right or 'irtuous. :r. <ing also hints at the immorality of war or 'iolence as a solution to problems. iii. Why did Dr. King bring Vietnam into the field of his moral vision? As a preacher or man of religion :r. <ing%s perspecti'e on life and world e'ents likely had a more moral base than the a'erage person%s. +o <ing was talking the war from his moral 'ision. There is the connection between the suffering of the poor people :r. <ing championed in the 9+ and suffering of the &ietnamese people in the war. iv. Was Dr. King as concerned about Vietnamese victims as he was about U.S. victims? !plain. ?es) :r <ing was concerned about &ietnamese 'ictims as he was about 9.+. 'ictims as he said that he could not segregate his moral concern) and it was his chief belief that 'oiceless 'ictims and people we call enemies are our brothers. $n a sense all of these are contained in the statement /8ustice is indi'isible2. v. When a government starts a war" its position is that it is acting #ustly and morally. $f a citi%en refuses to participate in the war because of personal moral principles" is he&she less moral than the government? !plain. 0hen a go'ernment starts a war) its position is that it is acting 8ustly and morally. $f a citi@en refuses to participate in the war because of personal moral principles) $ think heAshe is not less moral than the go'ernment. Citi@ens can only support if the go'ernment%s action is morally 8ustified or it in the fa'our of the common people. 'b( )pply the four levels of reading a te!t to *ay +radburys A Sound of Thunder, or -e.hanath /audyals 0The Parrot in the Cage,. A Soun of Thuner !iteral Com"rehension# This ama@ing story is written by #ay Bradbury and it has multiple interpretations. The ecological relation to e'ery element in the uni'erse and if the one element in diminished) there would be great imbalance in it. $t is the main concern of this story. This can be also interpreted the modern society that human beings are unaware about their own future. The seemingly insignificant e'ents like death of a butterfly in shown as earth shaking consequences. This story makes people aware about ecological relation. Cckels) with the extreme interest for safari) became ready to go for hunting) paying ten thousand dollars. >owe'er) it was not sure that he would get animals or not. ;r. Tran and he left with a gun) not in a 8ungle but in a DTime machineD. >e was not allowed to shoot until he was ordered to shoot. The entered into the time machine and it took them to the six billion years ago when there were dinosaurs: they reached before the time of Christ. They mo'ed silently across the room of the year. They reached to the ancient earth. They saw the dinosaurs. The guide told Cckels that he was not allowed to shot any species because he if killed a mouse the whole race of mouse wouldnEt be there( it was only one is the initial stages. There would be the great harm to the ecology. Fnly the red*paint animals were allowed to shot. They were allowed to those animals) which had no future: or witch was going to be dead some minutes later. They killed the gigantic monster. C'erything was in balance there. The small things were paid much care and they came back by switching the safety catch. $nter"retation# This story indirectly demands the protection of ecological balance in the world. $f one element of the ecology is disappeared) there would be imbalance and there would be the great EthunderE. There is the indirect connection among all the elements of the things. ;odern people are interested in heartless thrilling things but they are not conscious about ecological destruction. Critical Thin%ing# The presentation of the story is o'er exaggerated and hyperbolic but the theme is 'ery effecti'e for the protection of ecology. $s it possible to build a time machine1 $s it possible to create the ancient time in a room as a time machine1 $s safari is possible in a room1 $s it possible to kill demand1 >ow could they knew) the animal is dying and was gi'es red*pain to kill1 >owe'er) this story is full of historical) ecological) psychological and biological sub8ect matters) amalgamate together. Assimilation# This story reminded me the ;erry +helleyEs D7rankensteinD) the science fiction in which a scientist created a monster in his lab. $n this story) Etime machineE is made to draw back the ancient history. Both things are impossible to create in a lab but both stories ha'e the lesson that we should be aware about the earth and its ecology. 0e are destroying our life oursel'es. $t also teaches me the lesson that how the e'ery elements of ecology are interrelated to each other. &r, The 'arrot in the Cage !iteral Com"rehension# 6ekhanath 3oudel composed the poem DThe 3arrot in the CageD. The theme of the poem is about freedom) 8ustice) happiness and serenity. The poem is a bitter satire on the then #ana regime that depri'ed 5epalese people freedom. The speaker has carefully painted the conditions that surround the parrotEs life. The speaker is disappointed by the harsh reality of manEs life. Away from its family) home) kin) friends) and the natural freedom man has forced the parrot to li'e a tragic life. +imilar is the condition of the human life in 5epal of that period. Being a worshipper of nature) 3oudel expresses his deep affinity to the natural world that pro'ides him childhood appetite) which he wants in his later life. >a'ing compelled to li'e away from his family) home and friends) 3oudel pains for it and expresses nostalgia towards it. 7inally) through the medium of parrot) 'oices of political) social) religious) spiritual and habitual life style and situation of human beings are exhumed in the poem. The poem clearly ad'ocates the human instinct to li'e a free and struggled life away from the crowd. $nter"retation# $n this poem DThe 3arrot in the CageD) the poet is trying to ad'ocate the freedom of people in the #ana regime. The 5epalese people had been ruled by the #anas for one hundred and four years. :uring this period) people were depri'ed of en8oying all kinds of freedom. The speaker in the poem is disappointed by the harsh reality of manEs life. Besides) man has been found to li'e away from his family) home) kin) friends) and the spiritual freedom that surround him in the rural life. Thus) man has been forced to li'e a caged life like the parrot. ;anEs indifference to animalEs plight and the mentality of getting entertainment from imprisoning lower animals has been critici@ed in the poem. 6i'ing away from the nature man has in'ited more tragedy and sorrow in his life. Critical thin%ing# The speaker has carefully painted the conditions that surround the parrotEs life. Through the plight of the parrot) the speaker compares the sorrowful description of human life) lack of 8ustice and freedom) the aggression and the cruelty pre'alent in the society. Being a worshipper of nature) 3oudel expresses his deep affinity to the natural world that pro'ides him childhood appetite) which he wants in his later life. >a'ing compelled to li'e away from his family) home and friends) 3oudel pains for it and expresses nostalgia towards it. ;ore than that) >indu tradition to pray and appeal God at the time of difficulty is spread all o'er the poem. $n the philosophical le'el) the poem may be faultless) but $ ha'e reser'ation towards the 'oices of the parrot. $n real life) does a parrot speak like human to express his sorrows1 Assimilation# After reading this poem) $ ha'e reali@ed that how cruel the #ana regime was. $ always stand for the freedom of the human beings. As =ean 8acks #ousseau said) D;an is born free and wants to li'e freeD. Thus) $ request all the human beings not to capture any animal as well as not any citi@ens at the name of ruling system or any pleasure. c( Who would you argue are more intelligent1 men or women? Why? 2ou can base your answer" if you wish" on +ertrand *ussells essay 0Keeping errors +ay,. Bertrand #ussell is considered as the great philosopher in Cnglish literature. >is essay is full of philosophical notion. $n this essay) #ussell tells us about the human weakness that they cannot find out the truth because they do not obser'e the mater. They think that they know e'erything without knowing it. $t also says that we are intolerant of other peopleEs opinions. According to #ussell) the world is led by patriarchal system. $n this world females ha'e become Hruled% and males as rulers from the 'ery past to present. 7emales are maltreated o'er the centuries. $t is a man who defines women and places her as other) emotional) weak) passi'e) and dependent. 0hereas males as self) intelligent or rational) strong and acti'e. Therefore in the 'oice of patriarchal society) man is more intelligent than woman and woman is more emotional than man. The studies of psychologists ha'e brought the fact that intelligence depend on the en'ironment and genetics. +o in patriarchal society males get better en'ironment than females. $t is difficult to point out who is intelligent male or female. >owe'er) if both are pro'ided equal treatment) freedom and opportunities) they are equally intelligent. But in patriarchal society) male is assumed to be more intelligent than women. #ussell brings the reference of Aristotle%s belief. Aristotle used to belie'e that women ha'e fewer teeth than men. $t means he is guided by the traditional gender role and male hegemony) who claims that males are more intelligent than females. 6ater it is pro'ed that they are equal teeth. 0omen are marginali@ed and they are decentrali@ed. $ think both are equally intelligent if they will get equal en'ironment. 0e can a'oid much foolish opinion by certain rules. 0e should settle the matter by obser'ation. At first if possible) we should not think we know the matter without knowing it. 0e make mistake because we cannot a'oid dogmatic feelings. Aristotle does mistake by not counting his wifeEs teeth. F# )re good manners a matter of how we loo. at ourselves or how we loo. at other people? !plain. 2ou can use Dr. /eales ideas as given in the essay 03ourtesy1 Key to a 4appier World,. This text called my attention because it is about how good manners can make our li'es better. $ completely agree with that premise. $ think that most of our daily problems can be sol'ed 8ust with courtesy. :r. 3eale lists the three components of courtesy and gi'es three tips to impro'e one%s manners. =ustice) Cmpathy) and the Capacity to treat all people alike) are the three components of courtesy. And the ways to impro'e one%s manners are by practicing courtesy concentrating in your performance and not letting other%s bad manners make you rude") thinking in a courteous way) and being able to accept courtesy. =ustice is one of the components which are 'ery important and the one that is less used. 0e tend to consider that what is good for us is good for e'eryone. $t is one of the most selfish attitudes we ha'e as citi@ens. 7or example( if we like to listen to loud music all day long) why we think that the neighbourhood en8oys the same. $ think we ha'e to start using this principle of 8ustice. Cmpathy is about considering other people%s feelings which are also important) but generally we are not worried about that. And the last component is the capacity to treat all people alike) which is one of most difficult things to do because we consider that there are people who do not deser'e our best manners. Anyway) we could try to put this into practice and see what happens. 3eale tells us about ways to impro'e our manners) which are practicing courtesy) thinking in a courteous way and being able to accept courtesy. All of them are difficult to use because how we are going to treat in a good way to a person that is being rude with us. But perhaps in this point is the key) $ mean) to be strong and not letting that others% bad manners ruin our days. Thinking in a courteous way is also complicated) to be considerate of others is not an easy issue but it is not impossible. And the last ad'ice is about being able to accept courtesy) which could be the easiest one. To conclude courtesy makes our li'es happier because $f we are treated in a good way) that makes us happy. And if we are treated in a bad way but we answer in a courteous way) we feel that we are doing what is correct) and we feel happy and satisfied with oursel'es. That%s why $ think that courtesy can make our world better. IIIIII Question J. Answer any fi'e of the following: 1K marks each" 'a( What do you thin.1 $f two people from two different linguistic groups" or religions" or tribes" or nationalities" or castes" fall in love" should they marry" even if their families are opposed? 5ive reasons for your answer. $f two people from two different linguistic groups) or religions) or tribes) or nationalities) or castes) fall in lo'e) $ think they should marry) e'en if their families are opposed. 6o'e marriage is a legal right for two indi'iduals who care and lo'e for each other to li'e together and go ahead with their life. $n lo'e marriage) you know each other well) you are not going to be with any stranger or you may not ha'e many problems if you know about the person well before you decide to spend your life together. Caste) religion) economic statuses are not the important issues as for their happy married life. To li'e their happy life) parents shouldn%t interfere as the relationship of heart. $t%s not easy to go for a lo'e marriage. ?ou need to first fall in lo'e with someone and that person should like you as well. $t takes time to know each other and both of you should feel comfortable with each other. :ecide to get married to a person who lo'es you more than you lo'e that person or the choice of the parents. $n many cases $ ha'e seen that one person is badly in lo'e with the other person) but not 'ise 'ersa. 5e'er force somebody to lo'e you and get married) you should gi'e sufficient time to the other person whom you lo'e to know you more and you should take sufficient time to learn your partner well before you both come to a decision to li'e together. $n my opinion) nobody can be sure that he or she will fall in lo'e with a person and e'en if he or she falls in lo'e with somebody) that person will fall in lo'e in return. $f you don%t fall in lo'e or not get a right person) then you can think of arranged marriages. C'en in arranged marriages you can know the person well before you decide to get married. ?ou should make sure that your proposed partner likes you as well and is not agreeing for the wedding because of any pressure from her A his parents or any other reasons. $ think the caste) culture) religion ethnicity are not the important thing. The important thing is the person hisAher ability and your feelings towards himA her. 'b( dit this paragraph for coherence. Cnglish) like other languages) has conflicting sayings about important matters like lo'e) friendship) and work. $n Cnglish we say about work) /5e'er put off till tomorrow what you can do today.2 The message is that one can and should always work more4at least until all the work is done. $n Cnglish we ha'e this pro'erb: /All work and no play make =ack a dull boy.2 The ad'ice is not to work too much. 6ife without recreation makes one an uninteresting person. >ow is it that the language has two sayings that gi'e opposite messages1 0e can assume that work is important to nati'e Cnglish speakers. They respect it a lot4perhaps too much. The second saying may be a kind of safety 'al'e. $t warns people against going too far in following the ad'ice of the first saying. Cnglish) like other languages) has conflicting sayings about important matters like lo'e) friendship) and work. 7or example) in Cnglish we say about work) /5e'er put off till tomorrow what you can do today.2 The message is that one can and should always work more4at least until all the work is done. Fn the other hand) in Cnglish we ha'e this pro'erb: /All work and no play make =ack a dull boy.2 The ad'ice is not to work too much because life without recreation makes one an uninteresting person. >ow is it that the language has two sayings that gi'e opposite messages1 0e can assume that work is important to nati'e Cnglish speakers because) they respect it a lot4perhaps too much. The second saying may be a kind of safety 'al'e since it warns people against going too far in following the ad'ice of the first saying. c" Describe a famous building or structure? Where is it? Who built it? When? What is it used for? What do you li.e or disli.e about it? Singha (urbar was built by Chandra +umshere in 1,KL as his residence. The palace had more than 1KKK rooms arranged around se'en quadrangles and was among the largest building in +outh Asia. The entire building except for the front wing was destroyed by fire in 1,.L. The complex now houses the parliament and many ministeries besides 5epal Tele'ision and 5epal 3lanning Commission. +tanding in axial configurations with the :harahara Bhimsen +tambha") +ingha :urbar is an absolute example of monumentality in palace architecture. 0ith the ideas of faMade as an entity with the space of its own right) an entity in which the play of light and shade o'er the columns makes a clear boundary difficult to discern. 0ith opulent use of ornaments stucco) and marble finishing") and the external faMade characteri@ed by a dramatic central pro8ection D+ingha :urbarD corresponds well to baroque style of architecture) the style which initially emerged in $taly. The term was probably deri'ed from +panish DbaruecoD to indicate an irregularly shaped pearl. The palace with . courtyards and 1.KK rooms was designed by the engineer duo) <umar 5arsingh #ana and <ishore 5arsingh #ana. 0ith the courtyard planning) the system seems to relate well to the micro climate of <athmandu 'alley. The magnificent faMade of well proportioned archways) between which rise double Corinthian colonnades) gi'es a tremendous sense of place and splendour. The lou'ered windows painted green on the backdrop of these white palaces are its salient features that pro'oke sensuality and amplify the rhythmic harmony. +et in 'ast expanse of manicured lawns) it contained numerous gardens with exotic plants) a deer park) a polo ground) playing field) tennis courts) neo Grecian statutory) streams) fountains and 'ast 'erdure with finely spaced trees. d( 6ell a story from your life that supports the saying" 0!perience is the best teacher., $ firmly stand behind the belief that /experience is the best teacher2. All aspects of life can be taught) but to fully understand a situation $ feel you need to experience it. Cxamples where experience is the best teacher are: shooting a gun) sky di'ing) playing a musical instrument) riding a bicycle) and becoming a parent. 0hile someone can explain how to shoot) release a parachute) park) learning the right breathing technique for playing the oboe) or change a diaper) you need to learn from firsthand experience to understand the concept. 0hen $ started the Lrd grade) $ was 'ery much interested to learn how to ride on a bicycle. $ decided to learn it and went to a field taking my elder brother%s bicycle. At first $ rode on it and tried to mo'e ahead. 0hen $ mo'ed my pedals $ used to forget to use brake. 0hen $ thought about brake) $ forgot to mo'e pedals. $t was a slope land there. 0hen $ tried to ride there $ couldn%t control the bicycle. $ fell down and my head was se'erely in8ured. $t was bleeding and my mother took me to hospital. $t took 1! days to get reco'ery to me. That e'ent made me to be careful to ride a bicycle and from that day $ got success to learn the bicycle. That was my first experience of my bicycle riding and that e'ent taught me the lesson. +o experience became a great teacher to me. e" Cxplain the uncon'entional interpretation in each 8oke below: i" +T#A$G>T ;A5: 0ould you call me a taxi) please. CF;C:$A5: Fkay. ?ou%re a taxi. $n this 8oke) the straight man has only requested the comedian to call a taxi for him. >e might be going to somewhere else) for that he needed a taxi. But) the comedian called him a taxi as in the uncon'entional way. The comedian knowingly uses the key word to call a taxi) and he addressed him a taxi. $t creates a kind of laughter and it becomes a 8oke. The comedian has to reply /0hy not1 +urely2. $n a con'entional way. ii" +T#A$G>T ;A5: 0ho was that lady $ saw you with last night. CF;C:$A5: That was no lady. That was my wife. * $n this con'ersation) the comedian again uses the key word in the uncon'entional way. 0hen a straight man asks the comedian about the lady who was with him last night) but the comedian says that she was not a lady but his wife. $t is true she is a lady as well as she is his wife. $n a con'entional way he has to say) /yes) that lady was my wife.2 f" ) caf7 owner wants to attract children to he caf7. She has devised an ice8 cream dish wit cream" chocolate sauce" and strawberries in it. $nvent two different two8 or three8word phrases for 'i( the title for the caf7 'specially catering for ice cream" for children( $ce*cream 3arlor) <ids% Cream 3arlor) Children%s Cold Cafe 'ii( the name of the ice8cream 'on the menu" containing cream" chocolate sauce" and strawberries( <ids% Cream) Choko*cream) +weet Cream IIIIIII )uestion *. Ans+er any ten of the follo+ing# ,- mar%s each. 'a( 3ondense the main point of /ari#ats 09ew 2ear, into one sentence. $n this poem 3ari8at says that people are eager to welcome the new year with new life and new commitments) but for her it is 8ust the gathering of old dreams without any newness. 'b( dit the sentence1 04e resembles his brother" who is such a handsome man" and who has been .nown for a long time to be a hard wor.ing .ind of guy., >e resembles his handsome) hard*working brother. 'c( 3hoose the better of the two words shown in parentheses and rewrite each item as one sentence1 0Some people feel that total honesty is essential in a loving relationship others feel it as dangerous to be completely honest. 'however & therefore( +ome people feel that total honesty is essential in a lo'ing relationship) howe'er) others feel it as dangerous to be completely honest 'd( 6he best meaning of the underlined phrase in the sentence1 0$ recogni%e this attitude as a healthy component of our survival instinct and one that enables us to carry on so we can ma.e additional choices that sustain us., is a. part of our will to live b. part of the law of the world c. part of our need to ta.e care of others a. part of our will to li'e 'e( Write down the topic and the controlling idea in the sentence1 06here are several ways to reduce stress., Topic: +tress Controlling ideas: +e'eral ways to reduce 'f( Write down four ad#ectives to describe the smell of a food. 3ungent +melly +tinking +tuffy 'g( :atch the li.ely purpose to the audience1 )udience /urpose ;. 888888 friends a. to show what $ have learned <.888888 younger relatives b. to show my ability to do a #ob =. 888888 instructors c. to teach by e!ample >. 888888 employers d. to entertain friends N to entertain younger relati'es N to teach by example instructors N to show what $ ha'e learned employers N to show my ability to do a 8ob 'h( *ewrite the following headline" so as to ma.e it less formal and more 0tabloid,1 69)5*S +U*9 3)* Car Burnt by Teenagers 'i( What does the word 0halo, suggest in the sentence1 06he roc. singer sang in a halo of spotlight?, #eligiously) the word Hhalo% means the light circular around the head of saints a) prophets or god. >ere in this context the rock singer is compared with saint and it is compared with holiness and 'eneration of that music. '#( 5ive any two content words along with their conte!ts. 5ew computer software is necessary to make our work easy on our computer. Content word: +oftware The referee in the world cup was deciding fairly o'er both teams. Content word: referee '.( Write the sentence 0?nce there was a poor widow, in four different ways as possible openings for a fairytale. 1. There was once a poor widow. J. There was a poor widow once. L. A poor widow) there was) once O. A poor widow once there was. 'l( What is the effect of the mime in 0with beaded bubbles win.ing at the brim,? $n this line there is the repetation of AbA sound in beaded) bubble) and brim. Then the nasal sounds) ngAnAm are used in it. The use of the 'oiced AbA and AmA sounds suggest the swelling out of the bubbles. The sharper un'oiced AtA and AkA suggest the breaking. The connection between sounds and meanings is not so easy to distinguish. IIII The CndIIII Evaluation IQuestions will be set co'ering all the prescribed books. IThe questions will be of three broad types: 1. Comprehensi'eAAnalytical type: J questions each of 1! marks L questions will be gi'en": Jx1! N LK marks J. :escripti'eA+hort answer type : ! questions each of 1K marks - questions will be gi'en": !x1K N !K marks L. BriefAFb8ecti'e type: 1K questions each of J marks 1J questions will be gi'en": Jx1K N JK marks IThe distribution of questions will be as follows: 1. Comprehensi'eAAnalytical type: one question from 7lax*Golden one question from 0rite to be #ead one question from 7lax*Golden andAor 0rite to be #ead J. :escripti'eA+hort answer type: one question from 7lax*Golden one question from 0rite to be #ead two questions from +hort Cssay two questions from +tyle L. BriefAFb8ecti'e type: two questions from 7lax*Golden two questions from 0rite to be #ead four questions from +hort Cssay four questions from +tyle