ASSIGNMENT

Module Code
Module Name
Course
Department

ACD2508
Aircraft Structures II
M.Sc. [Engg.] in Aircraft Design
Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering

Name of the Student

Sumit Kumar Malik

Reg. No

BZB0413004

Batch

Part-Time 2013

Module Leader

Dr. B. V. Vijay

M.S.RamaiahSchool of Advanced Studies

Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme(PEMP)
#470-P Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, Peenya, Bengaluru-560 058
Tel; 080 4906 5555, website: www.msrsas.org

POSTGRADUATE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (PEMP)

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

Aircraft Structures II
Part A Group-project

Declaration Sheet
Student Name

Sumit Kumar Malik

Reg. No.

BZB0413004

Course

M. Sc. [Engg.]inAircraft Design

Batch

PT-2013

Module Code

ACD2507

Module Title

Aircraft Structure II

Module Date

26thApr. 2014

Module Leader

Dr. B. V. Vijay

Batch Part-Time 2013

21thJun. 2014

to

Declaration

The assignment submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations and that I have
conformed to the guidelines against plagiarism as laid out in the PEMP Student
Handbook. All sections of the text and results, which have been obtained from other
sources, are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a
breach of University regulations and will be dealt with accordingly.

Signature of the student

-sd- Sumit Kumar Malik

Date

21st May. 2014

Submission date stamp

(by ARO)
Signature of the Workbench Leader and date

Part A Group-project

Signature of Head of the Department and date

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

Abstract

Aircraft Structures II module is a detail study of the theory and principles which governs
beams, plates and shells, vibration in aircraft structure and analyse the potentials and
limitations of composite materials use in aircraft structures. It involves the analytical
modelling of eigen for 1D members and finite element solution for buckling and normal
modes of thin walled shell structures. Analytical models of SDOF and MDOF of various
systems of aircraft structure and modal characteristics. Analysis. and calculations in NastranPatran

and MATLAB software was introduced. Constructions and analysis methods for

composite structure was explained. Gene

Part A of this assignment involves the study of having hybrid metal-composite structure over
using only metal or composite structure alone. Hybrid metal-composite is used for various aircraft
sub-systems like the landing gear support structure, wing ribs and spars, horizontal and vertical
stabilizer skins and fuselage are discussed in brief. Literature survey is done to complete this
part of the assignment. It gives an overview of the latest material usage trends in the aircraft
industries and their advantages as compared to conventional aircraft materials.
Part B of this assignment involves designing of an aircraft component which has the torsional and
axial load bearing capacity like that of landing gear strut. Data pertaining to the construction of a
metal-composite component was given and various parameters have to be calculated. Challenges
involved getting appropriate data for carbon fiber composite used in particular orientation as
stated in the assignment.
In Part C of this assignment a CAD model by using the CATIA software is created for the
component mentioned as per the features- parameters, calculated in Part B. A FEM model is
developed in ANSYS software, giving appropriate constrains and loads. Different mode shapes
for different frequencies is obtained. These are discussed and compared with values given and
obtained in Part B.
In completing the assignment various books and journals have been referred and ANSYS and
CATIA software are used.

Part A Group-project

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

Contents
Title Page ........................................................................................................................................ i
Declaration Sheet ........................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract.............................................................................................................................................. iii
Contents ....................................................................................................................................... 4
List of Figures..................................................................................................................................... 6
PART-A-2......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.

Essay Writing..................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Introduction and rational of selection...................................................................................................7
1.2 current trends/practices............ ............................................................................................................8
1.3 Pitfalls in the prevailing system...........................................................................................................8
1.4 My perspective and vision...9
1.5 Conclusion and recommendations........................................................................................................9

PART-A-3........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.

Project report .............................................................................. 11

2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................11
2.2 Vision..............................................................................11
2.3 Misson.........................................................................................12
2.4 Organization structure.. ..............................................................................................13
2.5 Raising Capital. ......................................................................................................13
2.6 Product development.. ........................................................................................................................14
2.7 Manufacturing and operational activities.........................................................................................15
2.8 Marketing............................................................................................................15
2.9 Financial sustainability and Risks.......................................................................................................16

Comments on Learning Outcome ........................................................................................... .. 31

References .................................................................................................................................. ...32
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 33

Part A Group Project

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

List of Figures
Figure. No

Title of the Figure

Pg. No

Figure 1.1 A redesign of steel component into metal composite [Using CATIA].............................. 8
Figure 1.2 Composite skin over metal frame in JAS39 Gripen aircraft [2]......................................... 9
Figure 2.1 A part of nose landing gear showing strut [4] .................................................................. 11
Figure 3.1 CATIA Model of hybrid metal-composite strut............................................................... 17
Figure 3.2 Flanged end-fitting showing shear-pins ........................................................................... 17
Figure 3.3 IGES model of Strut imported into ANSYS .................................................................... 18
Figure 3.4 Element type selection for composite tube....................................................................... 18
Figure 3.5 Orthotropic material model behavior for CFRP tube ....................................................... 19
Figure 3.6 Isotropic material behavior for steel end-fitting............................................................... 19
Figure 3.7 Defining composite plies fibre in +45 and -45 orientation .............................................. 20
Figure 3.8 Meshing of the composite tube as shell element .............................................................. 20
Figure 3.9 Composite material plies make up thickness of composite tube ...................................... 21
Figure 3.10 Mesh of flanged end-fitting and refined composite tube ............................................... 21
Figure 3.11 Constraining of flange at bolted fasteners ...................................................................... 22
Figure 3.12 Compressive load and torque applied at free end........................................................... 23
Figure 3.13 Deformation due to application of load.......................................................................... 23
Figure 3.14 Nodal solution showing strut within safety limit ........................................................... 24
Figure 3.15 Modal solution for lowest ten natural frequency ........................................................... 24
Figure 3.16 Mode shape due to first buckling mode ......................................................................... 25
Figure 3.17 Mode shape due to second buckling mode..................................................................... 25
Figure 3.18 Mode shape due to third buckling mode ........................................................................ 26
Figure 3.19 Mode shape due to fourth buckling mode ...................................................................... 26
Figure 3.20 Mode shape due to fifth buckling mode ......................................................................... 27
Figure 3.21 Mode shape due to sixth buckling mode ........................................................................ 27
Figure 3.22 Mode shape due to seventh buckling mode.................................................................... 28
Figure 3.23 Mode shape due to eight buckling mode ........................................................................ 28
Figure 3.24 Mode shape due to ninth buckling mode........................................................................ 29
Figure 3.25 Mode shape due to tenth buckling mode ........................................................................ 29

Part A Group Project

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

PART-A-2
1. Corporate Social Responsibilty
1.1 Introduction
A strut is a structural component designed to resist compression in longitudinal direction, while
holding two mechanical systems separate. In smaller size aircrafts, lift struts are used to support
wings with respect to the fuselage frame. The load in these struts varies between tension and
compression as the aircraft maneuvers. The other important application of struts is in retractable
type of landing gear of aircraft. These struts contain air-oil hydraulic damping systems to damp
vertical oscillations while landing and rolling on the airstrip. Hence they are called oleo struts. [6]
Figure 2.1 shows the simplified schematic of a nose landing gear strut assembly. This strut is
subjected to compressing as well as torsion when maneuvering the aircraft during roll.

Part-A Group Project